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Boleti OD, Roussos S, Norrish G, Field E, Oates S, Tollit J, Nepali G, Bhole V, Uzun O, Daubeney PEF, Stuart GA, Fernandes P, McLeod K, Ilina M, Liaqath MNA, Bharucha T, Delle Donne G, Brown E, Linter K, Khodaghalian B, Jones C, Searle J, Mathur S, Boyd N, Reindhardt Z, Duignan S, Prendiville T, Adwani S, Zenker M, Wolf CM, Kaski JP. Sudden cardiac death in childhood RASopathy-associated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Validation of the HCM risk-kids model and predictors of events. Int J Cardiol 2023; 393:131405. [PMID: 37777071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RASopathies account for nearly 20% of cases of childhood hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Sudden cardiac death (SCD) occurs in patients with RASopathy-associated HCM, but the risk factors for SCD have not been systematically evaluated. AIM To validate the HCM Risk-Kids SCD risk prediction model in children with RASopathy-associated HCM and investigate potential specific SCD predictors in this population. METHODS Validation of HCM Risk-Kids was performed in a retrospective cohort of 169 patients with a RASopathy-associated HCM from 15 international paediatric cardiology centres. Multiple imputation by chained equations was used for missing values related to the HCM Risk-Kids parameters. RESULTS Eleven patients (6.5%) experienced a SCD or equivalent event at a median age of 12.5 months (IQR 7.7-28.64). The calculated SCD/equivalent event incidence was 0.78 (95% CI 0.43-1.41) per 100 patient years. Six patients (54.54%) with an event were in the low-risk category according to the HCM Risk-Kids model. Harrell's C index was 0.60, with a sensitivity of 9.09%, specificity of 63.92%, positive predictive value of 1.72%, and negative predictive value of 91%; with a poor distinction between the different risk groups. Unexplained syncope (HR 42.17, 95% CI 10.49-169.56, p < 0.001) and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (HR 5.48, 95% CI 1.58-19.03, p < 0.007) were predictors of SCD on univariate analysis. CONCLUSION Unexplained syncope and the presence of NSVT emerge as predictors for SCD in children with RASopathy-associated HCM. The HCM Risk-Kids model may not be appropriate to use in this population, but larger multicentre collaborative studies are required to investigate this further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga D Boleti
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sotirios Roussos
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gabrielle Norrish
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ella Field
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Stephanie Oates
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Tollit
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gauri Nepali
- The Heart Unit, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Vinay Bhole
- The Heart Unit, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Orhan Uzun
- Children's Heart Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Piers E F Daubeney
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham A Stuart
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Precylia Fernandes
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Karen McLeod
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Ilina
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tara Bharucha
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Grazia Delle Donne
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Elspeth Brown
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Linter
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Bernadette Khodaghalian
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK; Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Jones
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Searle
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK; Department of Paediatric Cardiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Children's Heart Service, Evelina Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sujeev Mathur
- Children's Heart Service, Evelina Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Boyd
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, The Freeman Hospital, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Zdenka Reindhardt
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, The Freeman Hospital, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Duignan
- The Children's Heart Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Terence Prendiville
- The Children's Heart Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Satish Adwani
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Cordula Maria Wolf
- Department of Congenital Heart Defects and Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Juan Pablo Kaski
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
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Chivers S, Cleary A, Knowles R, Babu-Narayan SV, Simpson JM, Nashat H, Dimopoulos K, Gatzoulis MA, Wilson D, Prica M, Anthony J, Clift PF, Jowett V, Jenkins P, Khodaghalian B, Jones CB, Hardiman A, Head C, Miller O, Chung NA, Mahmood U, Bu'Lock FA, Ramcharan TK, Chikermane A, Shortland J, Tometzki A, Crossland DS, Reinhardt Z, Lewis C, Rittey L, Hares D, Panagiotopoulou O, Smith B, Najih L M, Bharucha T, Daubeney PE. COVID-19 in congenital heart disease (COaCHeD) study. Open Heart 2023; 10:e002356. [PMID: 37460271 PMCID: PMC10357297 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2023-002356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has caused significant worldwide morbidity and mortality. Congenital heart disease (CHD) is likely to increase vulnerability and understanding the predictors of adverse outcomes is key to optimising care. OBJECTIVE Ascertain the impact of COVID-19 on people with CHD and define risk factors for adverse outcomes. METHODS Multicentre UK study undertaken 1 March 2020-30 June 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected on CHD diagnoses, clinical presentation and outcomes. Multivariable logistic regression with multiple imputation was performed to explore predictors of death and hospitalisation. RESULTS There were 405 reported cases (127 paediatric/278 adult). In children (age <16 years), there were 5 (3.9%) deaths. Adjusted ORs (AORs) for hospitalisation in children were significantly lower with each ascending year of age (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.96 (p<0.01)). In adults, there were 24 (8.6%) deaths (19 with comorbidities) and 74 (26.6%) hospital admissions. AORs for death in adults were significantly increased with each year of age (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.10 (p<0.01)) and with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH; OR 5.99, 95% CI 1.34 to 26.91 (p=0.02)). AORs for hospitalisation in adults were significantly higher with each additional year of age (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.05 (p=0.04)), additional comorbidities (OR 3.23, 95% CI 1.31 to 7.97 (p=0.01)) and genetic disease (OR 2.87, 95% CI 1.04 to 7.94 (p=0.04)). CONCLUSIONS Children were at low risk of death and hospitalisation secondary to COVID-19 even with severe CHD, but hospital admission rates were higher in younger children, independent of comorbidity. In adults, higher likelihood of death was associated with increasing age and PAH, and of hospitalisation with age, comorbidities and genetic disease. An individualised approach, based on age and comorbidities, should be taken to COVID-19 management in patients with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian Chivers
- Department of Congenital Cardiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Congenital Cardiology, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Aoife Cleary
- Department of Congenital Cardiology, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Congenital Cardiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Rachel Knowles
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health Population Policy and Practice, London, UK
| | - Sonya V Babu-Narayan
- Department of Congenital Cardiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John M Simpson
- Department of Congenital Cardiology, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Heba Nashat
- Department of Adult Congenital heart disease, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Konstantinos Dimopoulos
- Department of Adult Congenital heart disease, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Michael A Gatzoulis
- Department of Adult Congenital heart disease, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Dirk Wilson
- Department of Congenital Cardiology, University Hospital of Wales Healthcare NHS Trust, Cardiff, UK
| | - Milos Prica
- Department of Adult Congenital heart disease, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - James Anthony
- Department of Adult Congenital heart disease, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul F Clift
- Department of Adult Congenital heart disease, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Victoria Jowett
- Department of Congenital Cardiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Petra Jenkins
- Department of Adult Congenital heart disease, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Bernadette Khodaghalian
- Department of Congenital Cardiology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Caroline B Jones
- Department of Congenital Cardiology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Antonia Hardiman
- Department of Adult Congenital heart disease, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Catherine Head
- Department of Adult Congenital heart disease, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Owen Miller
- Department of Congenital Cardiology, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Natali Ay Chung
- Department of Adult Congenital heart disease, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Umar Mahmood
- Department of Congenital Cardiology, Glenfield Hospital East Midlands Congenital Heart Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Frances A Bu'Lock
- Department of Congenital Cardiology, Glenfield Hospital East Midlands Congenital Heart Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Tristan Kw Ramcharan
- Department of Congenital Cardiology, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ashish Chikermane
- Department of Congenital Cardiology, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jennifer Shortland
- Department of Congenital Cardiology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew Tometzki
- Department of Congenital Cardiology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - David S Crossland
- Department of Congenital Cardiology, Freeman Hospital Cardiothoracic Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Zdenka Reinhardt
- Department of Congenital Cardiology, Freeman Hospital Cardiothoracic Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Clive Lewis
- Department of Adult Congenital heart disease, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leila Rittey
- Department of Congenital Cardiology, Leeds Children's Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Dominic Hares
- Department of Congenital Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Olga Panagiotopoulou
- Department of Congenital Cardiology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children Yorkhill, Glasgow, UK
| | - Benjamin Smith
- Department of Congenital Cardiology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children Yorkhill, Glasgow, UK
| | - Muhammad Najih L
- Department of Congenital Cardiology, Southampton Children's Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Tara Bharucha
- Department of Congenital Cardiology, Southampton Children's Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Piers Ef Daubeney
- Department of Congenital Cardiology, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK
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Tewary KK, Khodaghalian B, Narchi H. Acute penile pain and swelling in a 4-year-old child with Henoch-Schönlein purpura. BMJ Case Rep 2015; 2015:bcr-2013-202341. [PMID: 25858918 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-202341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is the most common vasculitis found in children. It usually affects the small vessels of the skin, joints, gastrointestinal tract and, more rarely, kidneys, brain, lungs and genitalia. Apart from classical presentation with purpuric rashes around buttocks and lower extremities, features such as arthralgia, abdominal pain, haematuria and proteinuria as well as scrotal swelling have been described in the literature. Penile involvement is rare and is not commonly described. We describe a child with HSP who developed penile involvement. We review the literature of all the cases reported in detail, in order to highlight useful clinical presentation, management and prognosis of this rare manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor Kumar Tewary
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospitals of North Midlands, Stoke On Trent, UK
| | | | - Hassib Narchi
- Faculty of Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
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