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Brownstein CD, Meyer DL, Fabbri M, Bhullar BAS, Gauthier JA. Evolutionary origins of the prolonged extant squamate radiation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7087. [PMID: 36446761 PMCID: PMC9708687 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34217-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamata is the most diverse clade of terrestrial vertebrates. Although the origin of pan-squamates lies in the Triassic, the oldest undisputed members of extant clades known from nearly complete, uncrushed material come from the Cretaceous. Here, we describe three-dimensionally preserved partial skulls of two new crown lizards from the Late Jurassic of North America. Both species are placed at the base of the skink, girdled, and night lizard clade Pan-Scincoidea, which consistently occupies a position deep inside the squamate crown in both morphological and molecular phylogenies. The new lizards show that several features uniting pan-scincoids with another major lizard clade, the pan-lacertoids, in trees using morphology were convergently acquired as predicted by molecular analyses. Further, the palate of one new lizard bears a handful of ancestral saurian characteristics lost in nearly all extant squamates, revealing an underappreciated degree of complex morphological evolution in the early squamate crown. We find strong evidence for close relationships between the two new species and Cretaceous taxa from Eurasia. Together, these results suggest that early crown squamates had a wide geographic distribution and experienced complicated morphological evolution even while the Rhynchocephalia, now solely represented by the tuatara, was the dominant clade of lepidosaurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase D. Brownstein
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA ,Stamford Museum and Nature Center, Stamford, CT USA
| | - Dalton L. Meyer
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Matteo Fabbri
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA ,grid.299784.90000 0001 0476 8496Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Bhart-Anjan S. Bhullar
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Yale Peabody Museum, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Jacques A. Gauthier
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Yale Peabody Museum, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
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Jenkins KM, Bhullar BAS. Tooth Implantation and Attachment in Scoloparia glyphanodon (Parareptilia: Procolophonidae). Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 2022. [DOI: 10.3374/014.063.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M. Jenkins
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8109 USA —
| | - Bhart-Anjan S. Bhullar
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8109 USA; and Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8118 USA
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Smith KT, Bhullar BAS, Bloch JI. New Diminutive Eocene Lizard Reveals High K-Pg Survivorship and Taxonomic Diversity of Stem Xenosaurs in North America. American Museum Novitates 2022. [DOI: 10.1206/3986.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krister T. Smith
- Department of Messel Research and Mammalogy, Senckenberg Research Institute, and Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute for Ecology, Diversity and Evolution, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bhart-Anjan S. Bhullar
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan I. Bloch
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Napoli JG, Ruebenstahl AA, Bhullar BAS, Turner AH, Norell MA. A New Dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Coelurosauria) from Khulsan, Central Mongolia. American Museum Novitates 2021. [DOI: 10.1206/3982.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James G. Napoli
- Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, New York
| | | | | | - Alan H. Turner
- Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York
| | - Mark A. Norell
- Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, New York
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Felice RN, Watanabe A, Cuff AR, Hanson M, Bhullar BAS, Rayfield ER, Witmer LM, Norell MA, Goswami A. Decelerated dinosaur skull evolution with the origin of birds. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000801. [PMID: 32810126 PMCID: PMC7437466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary radiation of birds has produced incredible morphological variation, including a huge range of skull form and function. Investigating how this variation arose with respect to non-avian dinosaurs is key to understanding how birds achieved their remarkable success after the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event. Using a high-dimensional geometric morphometric approach, we quantified the shape of the skull in unprecedented detail across 354 extant and 37 extinct avian and non-avian dinosaurs. Comparative analyses reveal fundamental differences in how skull shape evolved in birds and non-avian dinosaurs. We find that the overall skull shape evolved faster in non-avian dinosaurs than in birds across all regions of the cranium. In birds, the anterior rostrum is the most rapidly evolving skull region, whereas more posterior regions-such as the parietal, squamosal, and quadrate-exhibited high rates in non-avian dinosaurs. These fast-evolving elements in dinosaurs are strongly associated with feeding biomechanics, forming the jaw joint and supporting the jaw adductor muscles. Rapid pulses of skull evolution coincide with changes to food acquisition strategies and diets, as well as the proliferation of bony skull ornaments. In contrast to the appendicular skeleton, which has been shown to evolve more rapidly in birds, avian cranial morphology is characterised by a striking deceleration in morphological evolution relative to non-avian dinosaurs. These results may be due to the reorganisation of skull structure in birds-including loss of a separate postorbital bone in adults and the emergence of new trade-offs with development and neurosensory demands. Taken together, the remarkable cranial shape diversity in birds was not a product of accelerated evolution from their non-avian relatives, despite their frequent portrayal as an icon of adaptive radiations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan N. Felice
- Centre for Integrative Anatomy, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Life Sciences Department, Vertebrates Division, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Akinobu Watanabe
- Life Sciences Department, Vertebrates Division, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Anatomy, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York, United States of America
- Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Andrew R. Cuff
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Hanson
- Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Bhart-Anjan S. Bhullar
- Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Emily R. Rayfield
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Lawrence M. Witmer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Norell
- Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Anjali Goswami
- Life Sciences Department, Vertebrates Division, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
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Sookias RB, Dilkes D, Sobral G, Smith RMH, Wolvaardt FP, Arcucci AB, Bhullar BAS, Werneburg I. The craniomandibular anatomy of the early archosauriform Euparkeria capensis and the dawn of the archosaur skull. R Soc Open Sci 2020; 7:200116. [PMID: 32874620 PMCID: PMC7428278 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Archosauria (birds, crocodilians and their extinct relatives) form a major part of terrestrial ecosystems today, with over 10 000 living species, and came to dominate the land for most of the Mesozoic (over 150 Myr) after radiating following the Permian-Triassic extinction. The archosaur skull has been essential to this diversification, itself diversified into myriad forms. The archosauriform Euparkeria capensis from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) of South Africa has been of great interest since its initial description in 1913, because its anatomy shed light on the origins and early evolution of crown Archosauria and potentially approached that of the archosaur common ancestor. Euparkeria has been widely used as an outgroup in phylogenetic analyses and when investigating patterns of trait evolution among archosaurs. Although described monographically in 1965, subsequent years have seen great advances in the understanding of early archosaurs and in imaging techniques. Here, the cranium and mandible of Euparkeria are fully redescribed and documented using all fossil material and computed tomographic data. Details previously unclear are fully described, including vomerine dentition, the epiptergoid, number of premaxillary teeth and palatal arrangement. A new diagnosis and cranial and braincase reconstruction is provided, and an anatomical network analysis is performed on the skull of Euparkeria and compared with other amniotes. The modular composition of the cranium suggests a flexible skull well adapted to feeding on agile food, but with a clear tendency towards more carnivorous behaviour, placing the taxon at the interface between ancestral diapsid and crown archosaur ecomorphology, corresponding to increases in brain size, visual sensitivity, upright locomotion and metabolism around this point in archosauriform evolution. The skull of Euparkeria epitomizes a major evolutionary transition, and places crown archosaur morphology in an evolutionary context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland B. Sookias
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK
| | - David Dilkes
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI 54901, USA
| | - Gabriela Sobral
- Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Roger M. H. Smith
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein 2000, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Iziko South African Museum, PO Box 61, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frederik P. Wolvaardt
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein 2000, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Andrea B. Arcucci
- IMIBIO CONICET Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Av Ejercito de los Andes 950, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Bhart-Anjan S. Bhullar
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 210 Whitney Ave., Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, 170 Whitney Ave., New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Ingmar Werneburg
- Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment (HEP) at Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Sigwartstraße 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Fachbereich Geowissenschaften der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
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Ksepka DT, Balanoff AM, Smith NA, Bever GS, Bhullar BAS, Bourdon E, Braun EL, Burleigh JG, Clarke JA, Colbert MW, Corfield JR, Degrange FJ, De Pietri VL, Early CM, Field DJ, Gignac PM, Gold MEL, Kimball RT, Kawabe S, Lefebvre L, Marugán-Lobón J, Mongle CS, Morhardt A, Norell MA, Ridgely RC, Rothman RS, Scofield RP, Tambussi CP, Torres CR, van Tuinen M, Walsh SA, Watanabe A, Witmer LM, Wright AK, Zanno LE, Jarvis ED, Smaers JB. Tempo and Pattern of Avian Brain Size Evolution. Curr Biol 2020; 30:2026-2036.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhou CF, Bhullar BAS, Neander AI, Martin T, Luo ZX. New Jurassic mammaliaform sheds light on early evolution of mammal-like hyoid bones. Science 2019; 365:276-279. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aau9345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Fu Zhou
- Paleontological Museum of Liaoning, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang Liaoning 110034, China
- College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China
| | - Bhart-Anjan S. Bhullar
- Department of Geology and Geophysics and Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - April I. Neander
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Thomas Martin
- Section Paleontology, Institute of Geosciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Zhe-Xi Luo
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Field DJ, Hanson M, Burnham D, Wilson LE, Super K, Ehret D, Ebersole JA, Bhullar BAS. Complete Ichthyornis skull illuminates mosaic assembly of the avian head. Nature 2018; 557:96-100. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bever G, Lyson TR, Field DJ, Bhullar BAS. The amniote temporal roof and the diapsid origin of the turtle skull. ZOOLOGY 2016; 119:471-473. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Bhullar BAS, Hanson M, Fabbri M, Pritchard A, Bever GS, Hoffman E. How to Make a Bird Skull: Major Transitions in the Evolution of the Avian Cranium, Paedomorphosis, and the Beak as a Surrogate Hand. Integr Comp Biol 2016; 56:389-403. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icw069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Sobral G, Sookias RB, Bhullar BAS, Smith R, Butler RJ, Müller J. New information on the braincase and inner ear of Euparkeria capensis Broom: implications for diapsid and archosaur evolution. R Soc Open Sci 2016; 3:160072. [PMID: 27493766 PMCID: PMC4968458 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery, Euparkeria capensis has been a key taxon for understanding the early evolution of archosaurs. The braincase of Euparkeria was described based on a single specimen, but much uncertainty remained. For the first time, all available braincase material of Euparkeria is re-examined using micro-computed tomography scanning. Contrary to previous work, the parabasisphenoid does not form the posterior border of the fenestra ovalis in lateral view, but it does bear a dorsal projection that forms the anteroventral half of the fenestra. No bone pneumatization was found, but the lateral depression of the parabasisphenoid may have been pneumatic. We propose that the lateral depression likely corresponds to the anterior tympanic recess present in crown archosaurs. The presence of a laterosphenoid is confirmed for Euparkeria. It largely conforms to the crocodilian condition, but shows some features which make it more similar to the avemetatarsalian laterosphenoid. The cochlea of Euparkeria is elongated, forming a deep cochlear recess. In comparison with other basal archosauromorphs, the metotic foramen is much enlarged and regionalized into vagus and recessus scalae tympani areas, indicating an increase in its pressure-relief mechanism. The anterior semicircular canal is extended and corresponds to an enlarged floccular fossa. These aspects of the braincase morphology may be related to the development of a more upright posture and active lifestyle. They also indicate further adaptations of the hearing system of Euparkeria to terrestriality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Sobral
- Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
- Departamento de Geologia e Paleontologia, Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland B. Sookias
- Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin, Germany
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Bhart-Anjan S. Bhullar
- Department of Geology and Geophysics and Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Roger Smith
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Iziko South African Museum, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Richard J. Butler
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Johannes Müller
- Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin, Germany
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Molnar JL, Pierce SE, Bhullar BAS, Turner AH, Hutchinson JR. Morphological and functional changes in the vertebral column with increasing aquatic adaptation in crocodylomorphs. R Soc Open Sci 2015; 2:150439. [PMID: 26716001 PMCID: PMC4680616 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.150439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The lineage leading to modern Crocodylia has undergone dramatic evolutionary changes in morphology, ecology and locomotion over the past 200+ Myr. These functional innovations may be explained in part by morphological changes in the axial skeleton, which is an integral part of the vertebrate locomotor system. Our objective was to estimate changes in osteological range of motion (RoM) and intervertebral joint stiffness of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae with increasing aquatic adaptation in crocodylomorphs. Using three-dimensional virtual models and morphometrics, we compared the modern crocodile Crocodylus to five extinct crocodylomorphs: Terrestrisuchus, Protosuchus, Pelagosaurus, Steneosaurus and Metriorhynchus, which span the spectrum from terrestrial to fully aquatic. In Crocodylus, we also experimentally measured changes in trunk flexibility with sequential removal of osteoderms and soft tissues. Our results for the more aquatic species matched our predictions fairly well, but those for the more terrestrial early crocodylomorphs did not. A likely explanation for this lack of correspondence is the influence of other axial structures, particularly the rigid series of dorsal osteoderms in early crocodylomorphs. The most important structures for determining RoM and stiffness of the trunk in Crocodylus were different in dorsoventral versus mediolateral bending, suggesting that changes in osteoderm and rib morphology over crocodylomorph evolution would have affected movements in some directions more than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L. Molnar
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
- Structure and Motion Lab, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Stephanie E. Pierce
- Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Structure and Motion Lab, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
| | | | - Alan H. Turner
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Stonybrook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - John R. Hutchinson
- Structure and Motion Lab, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
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Kirk EC, Daghighi P, Macrini TE, Bhullar BAS, Rowe TB. Cranial anatomy of the Duchesnean primate Rooneyia viejaensis : New insights from high resolution computed tomography. J Hum Evol 2014; 74:82-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Scanferla A, Bhullar BAS. Postnatal Development of the Skull ofDinilysia patagonica(Squamata-Stem Serpentes). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2014; 297:560-73. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Scanferla
- CONICET; Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA (IBIGEO); Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Salta Salta Argentina
| | - Bhart-Anjan S. Bhullar
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts
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Weeks O, Bhullar BAS, Abzhanov A. Molecular characterization of dental development in a toothed archosaur, the American alligatorAlligator mississippiensis. Evol Dev 2013; 15:393-405. [DOI: 10.1111/ede.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Weeks
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; Harvard University; 16 Divinity Avenue Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Bhart-Anjan S. Bhullar
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; Harvard University; 16 Divinity Avenue Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Arhat Abzhanov
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; Harvard University; 16 Divinity Avenue Cambridge MA 02138 USA
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Lyson TR, Bhullar BAS, Bever GS, Joyce WG, de Queiroz K, Abzhanov A, Gauthier JA. Homology of the enigmatic nuchal bone reveals novel reorganization of the shoulder girdle in the evolution of the turtle shell. Evol Dev 2013; 15:317-25. [DOI: 10.1111/ede.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R. Lyson
- Department of Geology and Geophysics; Yale University; New Haven CT 06511 USA
- Division of Vertebrate Paleontology; Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History; New Haven CT 06511 USA
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology; National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution; Washington DC 20560 USA
| | - Bhart-Anjan S. Bhullar
- Department of Geology and Geophysics; Yale University; New Haven CT 06511 USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; Harvard University; Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Gabe S. Bever
- Department of Geology and Geophysics; Yale University; New Haven CT 06511 USA
- Department of Anatomy; New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine; New York NY USA
- Division of Paleontology; American Museum of Natural History; New York NY USA
| | - Walter G. Joyce
- Department of Geosciences; University of Tübingen; 72074 Tübingen Germany
- Division of Vertebrate Paleontology; Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History; New Haven CT 06511 USA
| | - Kevin de Queiroz
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology; National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution; Washington DC 20560 USA
| | - Arhat Abzhanov
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; Harvard University; Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Jacques A. Gauthier
- Department of Geology and Geophysics; Yale University; New Haven CT 06511 USA
- Division of Vertebrate Paleontology; Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History; New Haven CT 06511 USA
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Longrich NR, Bhullar BAS, Gauthier JA. A transitional snake from the Late Cretaceous period of North America. Nature 2012; 488:205-8. [DOI: 10.1038/nature11227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bhullar BAS. A Reevaluation of the Unusual Abdominal Musculature of Squamate Reptiles (Reptilia: Squamata). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2009; 292:1154-61. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.20955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Bhullar BAS, Bell CJ. Osteoderms of the California Legless Lizard Anniella (Squamata: Anguidae) and Their Relevance for Considerations of Miniaturization. COPEIA 2008. [DOI: 10.1643/cg-07-189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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