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Lee H, Choi EH, Shin JU, Kim TG, Oh J, Shin B, Sim JY, Shin J, Kim M. The Impact of Intervention Design on User Engagement in Digital Therapeutics Research: Factorial Experiment With a Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e51225. [PMID: 38335015 PMCID: PMC10891489 DOI: 10.2196/51225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND User engagement is crucial for digital therapeutics (DTx) effectiveness; due to variations in the conceptualization of engagement and intervention design, assessment and retention of engagement remain challenging. OBJECTIVE We investigated the influence of the perceived acceptability of experimental intervention components and satisfaction with core intervention components in DTx on user engagement, while also identifying potential barriers and facilitators to user engagement. METHODS We conducted a mixed methods study with a 2 × 2 factorial design, involving 12 outpatients with atopic dermatitis. Participants were randomized into 4 experimental groups based on push notification ("basic" or "advanced") and human coach ("on" or "off") experimental intervention components. All participants engaged in self-monitoring and learning courses as core intervention components within an app-based intervention over 8 weeks. Data were collected through in-app behavioral data, physician- and self-reported questionnaires, and semistructured interviews assessed at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to evaluate user engagement, perceived acceptability of experimental intervention components (ie, push notification and human coach), satisfaction with core intervention components (ie, self-monitoring and learning courses), and intervention effectiveness through clinical outcomes. RESULTS The primary outcome indicated that group 4, provided with "advanced-level push notifications" and a "human coach," showed higher completion rates for self-monitoring forms and learning courses compared to the predetermined threshold of clinical significance. Qualitative data analysis revealed three key themes: (1) perceived acceptability of the experimental intervention components, (2) satisfaction with the core intervention components, and (3) suggestions for improvement in the overall intervention program. Regarding clinical outcomes, the Perceived Stress Scale and Dermatology Life Quality Index scores presented the highest improvement in group 4. CONCLUSIONS These findings will help refine the intervention and inform the design of a subsequent randomized trial to test its effectiveness. Furthermore, this design may serve as a model for broadly examining and optimizing overall engagement in DTx and for future investigation into the complex relationship between engagement and clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Research Information Service KCT0007675; http://tinyurl.com/2m8rjrmv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyerim Lee
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung Ho Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung U Shin
- Department of Dermatology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyoung Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyoung Shin
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Sim
- Department of Medical Device Engineering and Management, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyong Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Meelim Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- The Design Lab, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Center for Wireless & Population Health Systems, Calit2's Qualcomm Institute, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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Oh HK, Cho YJ, Kim JJ, Shin B, Kim SJ, Park S, Seok JH, Kim S, Kim E. Advancing ecological validity and clinical utility in virtual reality-based continuous performance test: exploring the effects of task difficulty and environmental distractors. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1329221. [PMID: 38304403 PMCID: PMC10832060 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1329221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Researchers have highlighted concerns regarding the limited diagnostic utility and ecological validity of the Continuous Performance Test (CPT). Recent advancements in VR-based CPTs have attempted to address these concerns by simulating real-life scenarios and enhancing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis; however, certain areas require improvement for obtaining reliable data from both healthy individuals and those with ADHD. To tackle these issues, we developed an enhanced VR-based CPT program featuring four distinct difficulty levels, advancing toward home-based assessment. Method Our feasibility study involved subjects without ADHD to establish a normative profile for VR-based CPT before extending it to ADHD assessment. Our sample included 20 Korean adults. They received a VR device with the VR-based CPT program installed and were asked to perform 1-2 blocks per day at home. Participants were instructed to complete 12 blocks over the subsequent 2 weeks. Psychological assessments and electroencephalograms (EEGs) were administered before and after the program. Post-study usability measures were also collected. Result Higher commission errors were notably evident in the "very high" difficulty level which featured complex stimuli and increased distraction. A notable correlation emerged between the overall distraction level and CPT accuracy, along with a significant link between intensity scores and commission errors. No significant differences were found in psychological assessment and there were no significant changes in the Theta-Beta Ratio (TBR) index before and after the program. The usability of our program was fair. Discussion The study reveals that the newly designed VR-CPT program, simulating diverse real-life environments and offering varying task difficulty levels, proved acceptable and feasible. The key point of our study was that the adjustment and segmentation of difficulty levels in the VR-based CPT were achieved, and that this effort was validated by examining the impact of different levels of difficulty on CPT measures. Implementing this experimental setup in a home-based environment increased ecological validity, as well as clinical utility. Limitations and suggested directions for further investigation are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyang-Kyeong Oh
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jae Cho
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyoung Shin
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jeong Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soobin Park
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Seok
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjoo Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Batheja V, Osman M, Wynne M, Nemirovsky D, Morcos G, Riess J, Shin B, Whalen M, Haji-Momenian S. Optimal size threshold for PIRADSv2 category 5 upgrade and its positive predictive value: is it predictive of "very high" likelihood of clinically-significant cancer? Clin Radiol 2024; 79:e94-e101. [PMID: 37945438 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM To identify the optimal size metric and threshold for Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PIRADS) 5 upgrade, calculate its positive predictive value (PPV) for clinically-significant prostate cancer (csPCA), and determine if it is indicative of a "very high" likelihood of csPCA. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and forty-three PIRADS 4 or 5 lesions were evaluated. Lesion diameters were used to calculate lesion volume (LV). Pearson correlation between maximum lesion diameter (MLD) and LV was calculated. Area under the curve (AUC) for discriminating csPCA (Gleason grade ≥ 3 + 4) was calculated using MLD and LV. Optimal size thresholds (using Youden index) and highly predictive size thresholds were identified for the whole prostate (WP), peripheral zone (PZ), and transitional zone (TZ). RESULTS There was high correlation between MLD and LV (r=0.77-0.81), with comparable AUCs for MLD and LV in the identification of csPCA in the WP (0.73, 0.72), PZ (0.73, 0.73), and TZ (0.79, 0.75). Optimal MLD thresholds were 1.4, 1.4, and 1.6 cm in the WP, PZ, and TZ respectively, with PPVs of 76%, 81%, and 69%, respectively. An MLD threshold of 2.7 cm would be needed in the WP to achieve a PPV approaching 90%, with sensitivity decreasing to 10%. CONCLUSIONS There is high correlation between MLD and LV with comparable discrimination of csPCA using each. PIRADSv2's 1.5 cm MLD threshold is near the optimal threshold for PIRADS 5 upgrade but has moderate PPV. A much higher threshold would be needed to increase its PPV, with significant sacrifice in sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Batheja
- George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M Osman
- George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M Wynne
- George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - D Nemirovsky
- George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - G Morcos
- George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - J Riess
- Department of Radiology, George Washington Medical Faculty Associates, Washington, DC, USA
| | - B Shin
- Department of Radiology, George Washington Medical Faculty Associates, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M Whalen
- Department of Urology, George Washington Medical Faculty Associates, Washington, DC, USA
| | - S Haji-Momenian
- Department of Radiology, George Washington Medical Faculty Associates, Washington, DC, USA.
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Provenzano D, Wang JY, Haji-Momenian S, Shin B, Riess J, Khati N, Bauman J, Goyal S, Loew M, Chappell N, Rao YJ. Prediction of Progression After Cervix Cancer Radiotherapy Using a Machine-Learning Model on Pre-Treatment MRI. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S132. [PMID: 37784341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) MRI may be useful to identify women with cervical cancer at high risk of disease progression to test strategies of treatment intensification. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of a machine-learning model built on pre-treatment MRI for prediction of risk of progression after radiation therapy. MATERIALS/METHODS MagneticResonance Imaging (MRI) data for women with cervical cancer was collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Endocervical Adenocarcinoma Collection (TCGA-CESC) on the Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA), which reported clinical, treatment, and imaging data from a single institution. 27 patients who had received radiation for cervical cancer were selected for input into a custom 3-D Residual Neural Network (ResNet) model with added custom layers specific to DICOM data in tensorflow python package. One T2 MRI per patient was used to predict recurrence free survival after radiation treatment, where patients were predicted to be "high risk" or "low risk" for disease recurrence as the output of the model. All slices of the T2 MRI were used. The model was validated using five-fold cross validation; 80% of the data was used to train each fold and 20% was used for testing. Final model statistical significance was confirmed through shuffle test at the p < 0.01 level. The clinical outcomes of patients and the model's "low-risk" and "high-risk" prediction were compared. RESULTS There were 27 patients in the study with mean age of 51 years (range 29-79). 20 patients had squamous cell carcinoma and 7 patients had adenocarcinoma. The stage breakdown consisted of 9 women IB, 2 IIA, 9 IIB, 2 IIIA, 2 IIIB, and 3 stage IV. 10 women were treated with radiation alone and 17 with chemo-radiation. 5 women received surgery in addition to radiation or chemoradiation. 21 patients received brachytherapy. Median follow-up of patients was 29 months (range 3-64). The model predicted 7 patients as "high risk" for recurrence; all 7 developed a recurrence during follow up. None of the 20 patients predicted to be "low risk" developed disease recurrence. Among all patients in the study, the two-year progression free survival (PFS) was 82.0%. Patients identified as "low risk" and "high risk" by model had two-year PFS of 100% and 43%, respectively. Among patients with recurrence, 3 developed local recurrence and 4 developed distant metastases. The ResNet model achieved cross-validated accuracy of 92% for prediction of progression-free survival (p<0.01). CONCLUSION A 3-D ResNet machine-learning model using pretreatment MRI image data can accurately predict clinical outcomes for cervical cancer following radiation therapy. Future work to confirm generalizability should focus on validation with a larger clinical dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Provenzano
- Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University School of Engineering and Applied Science, Washington, DC
| | - J Y Wang
- Radiation Oncology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - S Haji-Momenian
- Radiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - B Shin
- Radiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - J Riess
- Radiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - N Khati
- Radiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - J Bauman
- Medical Oncology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - S Goyal
- Radiation Oncology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - M Loew
- Medical Oncology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - N Chappell
- Gynecological Oncology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Y J Rao
- Radiation Oncology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
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Falak S, Shin B, Kang C, Khan ZA, Huh DS. Novel Capturer-Catalyst Microreactor System with a Polypyrrole/Metal Nanoparticle Composite Incorporated in the Porous Honeycomb-Patterned Film. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:44456-44468. [PMID: 37635296 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
A composite of polypyrrole/metal nanoparticles (PPy/MNPs) was selectively incorporated into the pores of a honeycomb-patterned porous polycaprolactone polymer film to fabricate a novel capturer-catalyst microreactor system. This fabrication involved a modified breath figure method, where the polymer solution containing metal ions as an oxidizing agent was cast under humid conditions along with the pyrrole monomer through an interfacial reaction in a one-step in situ process. The higher hydrophilicity of the metal ions compared to the polymer solution led to their self-assembly around the pore surface, resulting in the selective incorporation of the PPy/MNP composite into the porous film. Copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and gold (Au) were used for the PPy/MNP fabrication. Various methods characterized the fabricated film. Strong catalytic degradations of methylene blue and methyl orange were obtained with PCL-PPy/MNPs. Recycling experiments showed no loss of activity even after five cycles of recycling. Comparative analysis of PCL-PPy, PCL-MNP, and PCL-PPy/MNP results indicated the synergistic action of PPy and MNPs in dye degradation. High-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy analyses confirmed dye degradation after treatment with a fabricated microreactor. PPy might have acted as a capturer of the dye molecule and MNPs as a catalyst, thereby enhancing the efficiency of dye degradation. Additionally, the PCL-PPy/Cu composite exhibited strong antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) with no cytotoxicity as measured by the MTT assay. Therefore, the fabricated microreactor film has promising applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahkar Falak
- Department of Nano Science and Engineering, Center of Nano Manufacturing, Inje University, Gimhae City 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyoung Shin
- Department of Nano Science and Engineering, Center of Nano Manufacturing, Inje University, Gimhae City 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaewon Kang
- Department of Nano Science and Engineering, Center of Nano Manufacturing, Inje University, Gimhae City 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad Khan
- Department of Nano Science and Engineering, Center of Nano Manufacturing, Inje University, Gimhae City 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Sung Huh
- Department of Nano Science and Engineering, Center of Nano Manufacturing, Inje University, Gimhae City 50834, Republic of Korea
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Cho YJ, Shin B, Lee SH, Park S, Kim YK, Kim JJ, Kim E. Altered Urine Microbiome in Male Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2063. [PMID: 37630623 PMCID: PMC10458914 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
While interest in developing the human microbiome as a biomarker for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasing, there has been limited exploration in utilizing urine samples. In this study, we analysed urine microbiome profiles by extracting 16S ribosomal DNA from purified bacteria-derived extracellular membrane vesicles obtained from urine samples. Sequencing libraries were constructed by amplifying V3-V4 hypervariable regions sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. Profiles of male Korean children and adolescents with ADHD (n = 33) were compared with healthy sex-matched controls (n = 39). Statistically controlling for age, we found decreased alpha diversity in the urine bacteria of the ADHD group, as evidenced by reduced Shannon and Simpson indices (p < 0.05), and significant differences in beta diversity between the two groups (p < 0.001). The phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota, as well as the genera Ralstonia and Afipia, were relatively more abundant in the ADHD group. The phylum Proteobacteria and the genera Corynebacterium and Peptoniphilus were more abundant in the control group. Notably, the genus Afipia exhibited significant correlations with the Child Behavior Checklist Attention Problems score and DSM-oriented ADHD subscale. This study is the first to propose the urine microbiome as a potential biomarker for pediatric ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jae Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyoung Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ha Lee
- Center for Happiness Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjoo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
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Cho YJ, Yum JY, Kim K, Shin B, Eom H, Hong YJ, Heo J, Kim JJ, Lee HS, Kim E. Evaluating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children and adolescents through tracked head movements in a virtual reality classroom: The effect of social cues with different sensory modalities. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:943478. [PMID: 35992945 PMCID: PMC9386071 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.943478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is clinically diagnosed; however, quantitative analysis to statistically analyze the symptom severity of children with ADHD via the measurement of head movement is still in progress. Studies focusing on the cues that may influence the attention of children with ADHD in classroom settings, where children spend a considerable amount of time, are relatively scarce. Virtual reality allows real-life simulation of classroom environments and thus provides an opportunity to test a range of theories in a naturalistic and controlled manner. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between participants’ head movements and their reports of inattention and hyperactivity, and to investigate how their head movements are affected by different social cues of different sensory modalities. Methods Thirty-seven children and adolescents with (n = 20) and without (n = 17) ADHD were recruited for this study. All participants were assessed for diagnoses, clinical symptoms, and self-reported symptoms. A virtual reality-continuous performance test (VR-CPT) was conducted under four conditions: (1) control, (2) no-cue, (3) visual cue, and (4) visual/audio cue. A quantitativecomparison of the participants’ head movements was conducted in three dimensions (pitch [head nods], yaw [head turns], and roll [lateral head inclinations]) using a head-mounted display (HMD) in a VR classroom environment. Task-irrelevant head movements were analyzed separately, considering the dimension of movement needed to perform the VR-CPT. Results The magnitude of head movement, especially task-irrelevant head movement, significantly correlated with the current standard of clinical assessment in the ADHD group. Regarding the four conditions, head movement showed changes according to the complexity of social cues in both the ADHD and healthy control (HC) groups. Conclusion Children and adolescents with ADHD showed decreasing task-irrelevant movements in the presence of social stimuli toward the intended orientation. As a proof-of-concept study, this study preliminarily identifies the potential of VR as a tool to understand and investigate the classroom behavior of children with ADHD in a controlled, systematic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jae Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Yon Yum
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwanguk Kim
- Department of Computer Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bokyoung Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyojung Eom
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeon-ju Hong
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiwoong Heo
- Department of Computer Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Department of Research Affairs, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunjoo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Eunjoo Kim,
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Vu T, Eberly H, Zheng A, Hintze A, Cruz J, Shin B. Abstract No. 599 Clinical significance of measuring hepatic venous pressure gradient during transjugular liver biopsy for patients with precirrhotic bridging fibrosis liver disease. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.03.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Falak S, Shin B, Huh D. Modified Breath Figure Methods for the Pore-Selective Functionalization of Honeycomb-Patterned Porous Polymer Films. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:nano12071055. [PMID: 35407174 PMCID: PMC9000584 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in the field of the breath figure (BF) method have led to renewed interest from researchers in the pore-selective functionalization of honeycomb-patterned (HCP) films. The pore-selective functionalization of the HCP film gives unique properties to the film which can be used for specific applications such as protein recognition, catalysis, selective cell culturing, and drug delivery. There are several comprehensive reviews available for the pore-selective functionalization by the self-assembly process. However, considerable progress in preparation technologies and incorporation of new materials inside the pore surface for exact applications have emerged, thus warranting a review. In this review, we have focused on the pore-selective functionalization of the HCP films by the modified BF method, in which the self-assembly process is accompanied by an interfacial reaction. We review the importance of pore-selective functionalization, its applications, present limitations, and future perspectives.
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Shin B, Oh J, Kim BH, Kim HE, Kim H, Kim S, Kim JJ. Effectiveness of Self-Guided Virtual Reality-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Panic Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health 2021; 8:e30590. [PMID: 34813486 PMCID: PMC8663599 DOI: 10.2196/30590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virtual reality (VR) is as effective a technique as traditional cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and a promising tool for treating panic disorder symptoms because VR exposure can be safer and has better acceptability than in vivo exposure and is more immersive than exposure through imagination. CBT techniques can be delivered more effectively using VR as well. So far, VR has required high-quality devices, but the development of mobile VR technology has improved user availability. At the same time, a well-structured form of VR can be reproduced and used anywhere. This means that VR can be used to provide a self-guided form of treatment and address the high treatment costs of evidence-based therapy and the lack of professional therapists. This study aimed to investigate the potential of self-guided VR as an alternative to high-cost treatment. OBJECTIVE The main goal of this study was to offer data about the efficacy of a mobile app-based self-led VR CBT in the treatment of panic disorder. METHODS A total of 54 subjects with panic disorder were enrolled in this study and randomly assigned to either the VR treatment group or waitlist group. The VR treatment was designed to be total 12 sessions for 4 weeks. The VR treatment consists of 4 steps in which patients are gradually exposed to phobic stimuli while learning to cope with panic symptoms in each stage. The effectiveness of treatment was assessed through the Panic Disorder Severity Scale, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Body Sensations Questionnaire, Albany Panic and Phobia Questionnaire, Anxiety Sensitivity Index, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Korean Inventory of Social Avoidance and Distress Scale, Korean Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, and Perceived Stress Scale. In addition, physiological changes using heart rate variability were evaluated. RESULTS In within-group analyses, the VR treatment group exhibited improvements in panic disorder symptoms, anxiety, and depression after 4 weeks, while the waitlist group did not show any significant improvement. Compared to the waitlist group, the VR treatment group showed significantly greater improvements in the Panic Disorder Severity Scale in both completer analysis and intention-to-treat analysis. Heart rate variability in the VR treatment group showed improvement in normalized high frequency from baseline to postassessment with no significant differences in any outcome measure between groups. CONCLUSIONS The self-guided, mobile app-based VR intervention was effective in the treatment of panic symptoms and restoring the autonomic nervous system demonstrating the validity of the use of VR for self-guided treatment. VR treatment can be a cost-effective therapeutic approach. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04985019; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04985019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokyoung Shin
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyoung Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hesun Erin Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunji Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suji Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11
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Kim CH, Yeom YS, Petoussi-Henss N, Zankl M, Bolch WE, Lee C, Choi C, Nguyen TT, Eckerman K, Kim HS, Han MC, Qiu R, Chung BS, Han H, Shin B. ICRP Publication 145: Adult Mesh-Type Reference Computational Phantoms. Ann ICRP 2020; 49:13-201. [PMID: 33231095 DOI: 10.1177/0146645319893605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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12
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Shin B. Factors associated with oral health inequalities in Korean adolescents. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
The purpose of this study was to identify factors related to socioeconomic differences in oral health behavior and oral symptom experience in Korean adolescents using the 2017 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey(KYRBS).
Methods
From the national 2017 KYRBS, which was approved by the Research Ethics Review Committee of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 61,874 adolescents aged 12-18 years were selected as participants of the present study. Toothbrushing, gum bleeding and toothache experience were selected as dependent variables, and subjective socioeconomic status (SES) was used as a measure of SES. For statistical analysis, complex samples logistic regression analysis was performed using SAS 9.3 (PROC SURVEYLOGISTIC).
Results
The Odds Ratio (OR) for toothbrushing variable in the highest SES group was 1.78 (95% CI: 1.68-1.88). The OR for the bleeding gums in the lowest SES group was 1.28 (95% CI: 1.21-1.36). Academic factors accounted for 19% of socioeconomic differences in toothbrushing, and psychological factors accounted for 36-49% of socioeconomic differences in oral symptoms.
Conclusions
Adolescent oral health inequalities were associated with a variety of factors including health behaviors, psychological factors, family and academic factors. Thus, oral health promotion of adolescents can be achieved by integrating relevant factors, which can be effective when based on schools.
Key messages
Social gradient in oral health behavior and oral symptoms of Korean adolescents persist when adjusted for behavioural, psychosocial and material factors. Because oral health in adolescents is linked to overall health, health promotion can be achieved when oral health inequalities are integrated and mediated within the overall health domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Shin
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung city, South Korea
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Kim CH, Yeom YS, Nguyen TT, Han MC, Choi C, Lee H, Han H, Shin B, Lee JK, Kim HS, Zankl M, Petoussi-Henss N, Bolch WE, Lee C, Chung BS, Qiu R, Eckerman K. New mesh-type phantoms and their dosimetric applications, including emergencies. Ann ICRP 2018; 47:45-62. [PMID: 29651869 DOI: 10.1177/0146645318756231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Committee 2 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has constructed mesh-type adult reference computational phantoms by converting the voxel-type ICRP Publication 110 adult reference computational phantoms to a high-quality mesh format, and adding those tissues that were below the image resolution of the voxel phantoms and therefore not included in the Publication 110 phantoms. The new mesh phantoms include all the necessary source and target tissues for effective dose calculations, including the 8-40-µm-thick target layers of the alimentary and respiratory tract organs, thereby obviating the need for supplemental organ-specific stylised models (e.g. respiratory airways, alimentary tract organ walls and stem cell layers, lens of the eye, and skin basal layer). To see the impact of the new mesh-type reference phantoms, dose coefficients for some selected external and internal exposures were calculated and compared with the current reference values in ICRP Publications 116 and 133, which were calculated by employing the Publication 110 phantoms and the supplemental stylised models. The new mesh phantoms were also used to calculate dose coefficients for industrial radiography sources near the body, which can be used to estimate the organ doses of the worker who is accidentally exposed by an industrial radiography source; in these calculations, the mesh phantoms were deformed to reflect the size of the worker, and also to evaluate the effect of posture on dose coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Kim
- a Department of Nuclear Engineering, Hanyang University, 04763, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Yeom
- a Department of Nuclear Engineering, Hanyang University, 04763, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - T T Nguyen
- a Department of Nuclear Engineering, Hanyang University, 04763, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M C Han
- a Department of Nuclear Engineering, Hanyang University, 04763, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C Choi
- a Department of Nuclear Engineering, Hanyang University, 04763, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Lee
- a Department of Nuclear Engineering, Hanyang University, 04763, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Han
- a Department of Nuclear Engineering, Hanyang University, 04763, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B Shin
- a Department of Nuclear Engineering, Hanyang University, 04763, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J-K Lee
- a Department of Nuclear Engineering, Hanyang University, 04763, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Kim
- b Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Republic of Korea
| | - M Zankl
- c Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Germany
| | - N Petoussi-Henss
- c Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Germany
| | | | - C Lee
- e National Cancer Institute, USA
| | - B S Chung
- f Ajou University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - R Qiu
- g Tsinghua University, P.R. China
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Shin B, Reddy S, Trerotola S, Ramchandani P. Abstract No. 573 Outcomes of ureteroplasty and stenting of anastomotic ureteral strictures occurring after urinary diversion and renal transplantation. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.01.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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15
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Moskowitzova K, Liu K, Shin B, Ramirez-Barbieri G, Guariento A, Blitzer D, Cowan D, Thedsanamoorthy J, Yao R, Orfany A, Visner G, del Nido P, McCully J. Mitochondrial Transplantation Prolongs Cold Preservation Time in Murine Cardiac Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Song
- Pusan national university, Busan, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - K. Ryu
- Pusan national university, Busan, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - B. Shin
- Pusan national university, Busan, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - S. Choi
- Pusan national university, Busan, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Y. Choi
- Pusan national university, Busan, Korea (the Republic of)
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Thomas A, Vigersky R, Shin J, Mc Mahon C, Shin B, Siegmund T, Kolassa R. Umfassende Bewertung der glykämischen Kontrolle mit einer zusammengesetzten Metrik: Das erweiterte GLUKOSE-PENTAGON-MODELL (eGPM). DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Thomas
- Medtronic Diabetes, Meerbusch, Germany
| | - R Vigersky
- Medtronic Diabetes, Northridge, United States
| | - J Shin
- Medtronic Diabetes, Northridge, United States
| | - C Mc Mahon
- Medtronic Diabetes, Northridge, United States
| | - B Shin
- Medtronic Diabetes, Northridge, United States
| | - T Siegmund
- Diabetes-Schwerpunktpraxis, München, Germany
| | - R Kolassa
- Diabetes-Schwerpunktpraxis, Bergheim/Erft, Germany
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18
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Shin B, Cohen R, Nadolski G, Redmond J, Brandis A, Clark T. Sustained dialysis adequacy of symmetric-tip dialysis catheter with helical flow characteristics. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.12.737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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19
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Habibollahi P, Hunt S, Gade T, Shin B, Dagli M, Mondschein J, Sudheendra D, Stavropoulos S, Soulen M, Nadolski G. Neoadjuvant locoregional therapy and long-term outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma listed for orthotopic liver transplantation. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.12.620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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20
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Habibollahi P, Shin B, Pourhassan Shamchi S, Wachtel H, Fraker D, Trerotola S. Selective versus superselective venous sampling for the evaluation of recurrent or persistent hyperparathyrodism. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.12.936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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21
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Tseng M, Ge S, Roberts R, Kuo C, Choi J, Nissen NN, Kim I, Chu M, Shin B, Toyoda M, Jordan SC. Liver Transplantation in a Patient With CD40 Ligand Deficiency and Hyper-IgM Syndrome: Clinical and Immunological Assessments. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:1626-1632. [PMID: 26762604 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies that disrupt CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) interactions are likely to have use in human transplantation. However, the extent of the immunosuppressive effects of CD40-CD40L blockade in humans is unknown. Hyper-IgM syndrome (HIGM) is a rare primary immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by defects in the CD40-CD40L pathway, severe immune deficiency (IgG), and high or normal IgM levels. However, the effects of CD40L deficiency on T- and natural killer (NK)-cell function is not established. Here, we present a patient with HIGM syndrome who underwent liver transplantation for hepatitis C virus infection. Posttransplantation, NK-cell antibody-dependent cytokine release (γ-interferon) to alloantigens and T cell responses to viral antigens and mitogens were assessed and showed normal CD4+ , CD8+ , and NK-cell responses. We also examined antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against a CD40+ and HLA-expressing cell line. These experiments confirmed that the patient's NK cells were equivalent to those of normal subjects in mediating antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity despite the absence of CD40-CD40L interactions. Mitogenic stimulation of the patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed no expression of CD40L on T and NK cells compared with increased expression in normal subjects. Taken together, these data suggest that absence of CD40L expression is responsible for aberrant B cell immunity but had little impact on NK- and T cell immune responses in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tseng
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - S Ge
- Transplant Immunology Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - R Roberts
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA
| | - C Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA
| | - J Choi
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - N N Nissen
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - I Kim
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - M Chu
- Transplant Immunology Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - B Shin
- Transplant Immunology Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - M Toyoda
- Transplant Immunology Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - S C Jordan
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.,Transplant Immunology Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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Kim H, Ma E, Shin B, Kim J, Park D, Kim I. EP-1833: Effect of PsA derivatives on DNMT inhibition and radiosensitization in U373MG glioblastoma cell line. Radiother Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)31951-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shim H, Shin B, Lee M, Jung A, Lee H, Ernst E. P04.14. Acupuncture for carpal tunnel syndrome: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Altern Ther Health Med 2012. [PMCID: PMC3373373 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-s1-p284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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24
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Jeon JY, Kovanlikaya I, Boockvar JA, Mao X, Shin B, K Burkhardt J, Kesavabhotla K, Christos P, Riina H, Shungu DC, Tsiouris AJ. Metabolic response of glioblastoma to superselective intra-arterial cerebral infusion of bevacizumab: a proton MR spectroscopic imaging study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012; 33:2095-102. [PMID: 22576886 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE SIACI of bevacizumab has emerged as a promising novel therapy in the treatment of recurrent GB. This study assessed the potential of (1)H-MRS as an adjunctive technique in detecting metabolic changes reflective of antiproliferative effects of targeted infusion of bevacizumab in the treatment of GB. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen patients enrolled in a phase I/II study of SIACI of bevacizumab for treatment of recurrent GB were included. Concurrent MR imaging and (1)H-MRS scans were performed before and after treatment. Five distinct morphologic ROIs were evaluated for structural and metabolic changes on MR imaging and (1)H-MRS, which included enhancing, nonenhancing T2 hyperintense signal abnormality, and multiple control regions. Pre- and post-SIACI of bevacizumab peak areas for NAA, tCho, tCr, as well as tCho/tCr and tCho/NAA ratios, were derived for all 5 ROIs and compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS A significant median decrease of 25.99% (range -55.76 to 123.94; P = .006) in tCho/NAA was found post-SIACI of bevacizumab relative to pretreatment values in regions of enhancing disease. A trend-level significant median decrease of 6.45% (range -23.71 to 37.67; P = .06) was noted in tCho/NAA posttreatment in regions of nonenhancing T2-hyperintense signal abnormality. CONCLUSIONS The results of this (1)H-MRS analysis suggest that GB treatment with SIACI of bevacizumab may be associated with a direct antiproliferative effect, as demonstrated by significant reductions of tCho/NAA after the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Jeon
- Departments of Neuroradiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Toyoda M, Ge S, Suviolahti E, Pichurin P, Shin B, Pao A, Vo A, Deer N, Aguiluz A, Karasyov A, Jordan S. IFNγ production by NK cells from HLA-sensitized patients after in vitro exposure to allo-antigens. Transpl Immunol 2012; 26:107-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Bueno JF, Bayes R, Davydov YI, Depommier P, Faszer W, Gagliardi CA, Gaponenko A, Gill DR, Grossheim A, Gumplinger P, Hasinoff MD, Henderson RS, Hillairet A, Hu J, Koetke DD, MacDonald RP, Marshall GM, Mathie EL, Mischke RE, Olchanski K, Olin A, Openshaw R, Poutissou JM, Poutissou R, Selivanov V, Sheffer G, Shin B, Stanislaus TDS, Tacik R, Tribble RE. Publisher’s Note: Precise measurement of parity violation in polarized muon decay [Phys. Rev. D84, 032005 (2011)]. Int J Clin Exp Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.85.039908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Bayes R, Bueno JF, Hillairet A, Davydov YI, Depommier P, Faszer W, Gagliardi CA, Gaponenko A, Gill DR, Grossheim A, Gumplinger P, Hasinoff MD, Henderson RS, Hu J, Koetke DD, MacDonald RP, Marshall GM, Mathie EL, Mischke RE, Olchanski K, Olin A, Openshaw R, Poutissou JM, Poutissou R, Selivanov V, Sheffer G, Shin B, Stanislaus TDS, Tacik R, Tribble RE. Experimental constraints on left-right symmetric models from muon decay. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:041804. [PMID: 21405321 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.041804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The TWIST Collaboration has completed a new measurement of the energy-angle spectrum of positrons from the decay of highly polarized muons. A simultaneous measurement of the muon decay parameters ρ, δ, and P(μ)(π)ξ tests the standard model in a purely leptonic process and provides improved limits for relevant extensions to the standard model. Specifically, for the generalized left-right symmetric model |(g(R)/g(L))ζ|<0.020 and (g(L)/g(R))m(2)>578 GeV/c(2), both 90% C.L.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bayes
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Kim J, Kim S, Choi J, Shin B, Yoon S, Seo J, Shin SW, Kim YH, Kim JS, Park K. Use of T-cell infiltrate to predict long-term survival following local therapy in tongue cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.5547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Shin B, Cole SL, Park SJ, Ledford DK, Lockey RF. A new symptom-based questionnaire for predicting the presence of asthma. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2010; 20:27-34. [PMID: 20232771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis and treatment of asthma is important for improving health and minimizing the social and economic burden of the disease. A simple questionnaire would provide a convenient and timesaving tool to help physicians diagnose asthma. OBJECTIVE The senior author developed a simple, pre-interview screening questionnaire--the Asthma Screening Questionnaire (ASQ)--consisting of 6 questions. The present report provides performance evidence that the ASQ is a reliable instrument for diagnosing asthma in adults. METHODS Participants were asthmatics or controls, aged 18 to 65 years. All participants completed the questionnaire (self-administered and physician-administered), and underwent spirometry and a methacholine challenge test (if there was no reversibility during initial spirometry). Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated for each question, and the total scores of asthmatics were compared with those of controls. The degree of agreement between the self-administered and the physician-administered questionnaire was calculated. RESULTS The main symptoms discriminating asthmatics from controls were cough more than average (88% vs 0%), cough from chest (72% vs 0%), shortness of breath with exercise (84% vs 16%), and chest tightness when lying down (72% vs 4%). A cutoff point of total score > or = 4 was associated with the highest combination of sensitivity (96%) and specificity (100%). Substantial agreement was observed between the self-administered and the physician-administered questionnaire (kappa statistic, 0.56-1.00; P<.0001). CONCLUSIONS The ASQ is a simple, inexpensive, and efficient pre-interview screening tool to diagnose asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Shin
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, James A. Haley Veterans' Medical Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
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Doll C, Craighead P, Diaz R, Box A, Shin B, Eliasziw M, Lees-Miller S, Magliocco A. High ERCC1 Expression is Associated with Worse Survival in Patients with Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Treated with Radiotherapy (RT): an Evaluation of AQUA® Versus Conventional IHC Methods. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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MacDonald RP, Bayes R, Bueno J, Davydov YI, Depommier P, Faszer W, Fujiwara MC, Gagliardi CA, Gaponenko A, Gill DR, Grossheim A, Gumplinger P, Hasinoff MD, Henderson RS, Hillairet A, Hu J, Jamieson B, Kitching P, Koetke DD, Marshall GM, Mathie EL, Mischke RE, Musser JR, Nozar M, Olchanski K, Olin A, Openshaw R, Poutissou JM, Poutissou R, Quraan MA, Selivanov V, Sheffer G, Shin B, Stanislaus TDS, Tacik R, Tribble RE. Precision measurement of the muon decay parametersρandδ. Int J Clin Exp Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.78.032010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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32
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Hao D, Lau HY, Eliasziw M, Box A, Diaz R, Shin B, Lees-Miller SP, Magliocco AM. A comprehensive evaluation of the prognostic value of ERCC1 protein expression, mRNA and genotype in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LA-SCCHN). J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.6011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Shin B, Ledford D, Lockey R. Abdominal pain, Nausea, and Vomiting as the Initial Presenting Symptoms of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jamieson B, Bayes R, Davydov YI, Depommier P, Doornbos J, Faszer W, Fujiwara MC, Gagliardi CA, Gaponenko A, Gill DR, Gumplinger P, Hasinoff MD, Henderson RS, Hu J, Kitching P, Koetke DD, Macdonald JA, MacDonald RP, Marshall GM, Mathie EL, Mischke RE, Musser JR, Nozar M, Olchanski K, Olin A, Openshaw R, Porcelli TA, Poutissou JM, Poutissou R, Quraan MA, Rodning NL, Selivanov V, Sheffer G, Shin B, Stanislaus TDS, Tacik R, Torokhov VD, Tribble RE, Vasiliev MA. Measurement ofPμξin polarized muon decay. Int J Clin Exp Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.74.072007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Musser JR, Bayes R, Davydov YI, Depommier P, Doornbos J, Faszer W, Gagliardi CA, Gaponenko A, Gill DR, Green P, Gumplinger P, Hasinoff MD, Henderson RS, Hu J, Jamieson B, Kitching P, Koetke DD, Krushinsky AA, Lachin YY, Macdonald JA, MacDonald RP, Marshall GM, Mathie EL, Miasoedov LV, Mischke RE, Nord PM, Olchanski K, Olin A, Openshaw R, Porcelli TA, Poutissou JM, Poutissou R, Quraan MA, Rodning NL, Selivanov V, Sheffer G, Shin B, Sobratee F, Stanislaus TDS, Tacik R, Torokhov VD, Tribble RE, Vasiliev MA, Wright DH. Measurement of the Michel parameter rho in muon decay. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:101805. [PMID: 15783475 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.101805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The TWIST Collaboration has measured the Michel parameter rho in normal muon decay, mu(+)--> e(+)nu(e)nu (mu). In the standard model, rho = 3/4. Deviations from this value imply mixing of left- and right-handed muon and electron couplings. We find rho=0.750 80+/-0.000 32(stat) +/- 0.000 97(syst) +/- 0.000 23, where the last uncertainty represents the dependence of rho on the Michel parameter eta. This result sets new limits on the W(L)-W(R) mixing angle in left-right symmetric models.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Musser
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Kalinichenko VV, Lim L, Stolz DB, Shin B, Rausa FM, Clark J, Whitsett JA, Watkins SC, Costa RH. Defects in pulmonary vasculature and perinatal lung hemorrhage in mice heterozygous null for the Forkhead Box f1 transcription factor. Dev Biol 2001; 235:489-506. [PMID: 11437453 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.2001.0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Decreased pulmonary expression of Forkhead Box f1 (Foxf1) transcription factor was associated with lethal alveolar hemorrhage in 55% of the Foxf1 +/- newborn mice. The severity of the pulmonary abnormalities correlates with the levels of Foxf1 mRNA. Defects in alveolarization and vasculogenesis were observed in subsets of the Foxf1 +/- mice with relatively low levels of expression from the normal Foxf1 allele. Lung hemorrhage was coincident with disruption of the mesenchymal-epithelial cell interfaces in the alveolar and bronchiolar regions of the lung parenchyma and was associated with increased apoptosis and reduced surfactant protein B (SP-B) expression. Finally, the lung defect associated with the Foxf1 +/- mutation was accompanied by reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the VEGF receptor 2 (Flk-1), bone morphogenetic protein 4 (Bmp-4), and the transcription factors of the Brachyury T-Box family (Tbx2-Tbx5) and Lung Kruppel-like Factor. Reduction in the level of Foxf1 caused neonatal pulmonary hemorrhage and abnormalities in alveologenesis, implicating this transcription factor in the regulation of mesenchyme-epithelial interaction critical for lung morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Kalinichenko
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Genetics, 900 S. Ashland Ave., Chicago, IL 60607-7170, USA
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Rodning N, Andersson W, Davydov Y, Depommier P, Doornbos J, Faszer W, Gagliardi C, Gaponenko A, Gill D, Green P, Gumplinger P, Hardy J, Hasinoff M, Helmer R, Henderson R, Kitching P, Koetke D, Korkmaz E, Khruchinsky A, Maas D, Macdonald J, MacDonald R, Manweiler R, Marshall G, Mathie T, Musser J, Nord P, Olin A, Openshaw R, Ottewell D, Porcelli T, Poutissou JM, Poutissou R, Price G, Quraan M, Schaapman J, Selivanov V, Sheffer G, Shin B, Sobratee F, Soukup J, Stanislaus T, Stinson G, Tacik R, Torokhov V, Tribble R, Vasiliev M, Walter HC, Wang SC, Wright D. TWIST- The TRIUMF weak interaction symmetry test the Michel parameters from μ+ decay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-5632(01)01232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kalinichenko VV, Lim L, Shin B, Costa RH. Differential expression of forkhead box transcription factors following butylated hydroxytoluene lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2001; 280:L695-704. [PMID: 11238010 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.2001.280.4.l695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The forkhead box (Fox) proteins are a growing family of transcription factors that have important roles in cellular proliferation and differentiation and in organ morphogenesis. The Fox family members hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-3beta (Foxa2) and HNF-3/forkhead homolog (HFH)-8 (FREAC-1, Foxf1) are expressed in adult pulmonary epithelial and mesenchymal cells, respectively, but these cells display only low expression levels of the proliferation-specific HFH-11B gene (Trident, Foxm1b). The regulation of these Fox transcription factors in response to acute lung injury, however, has yet to be determined. We report here on the use of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)-mediated lung injury to demonstrate that HFH-11 protein and RNA levels were markedly increased throughout the period of lung repair. The maximum levels of HFH-11 were observed by day 2 following BHT injury when both bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells were undergoing extensive proliferation. Although BHT lung injury did not alter epithelial cell expression of HNF-3beta, a 65% reduction in HFH-8 mRNA levels was observed during the period of mesenchymal cell proliferation. HFH-8-expressing cells were colocalized with platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1-positive alveolar endothelial cells and with alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive peribronchiolar smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Kalinichenko
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, 900 S. Ashland Ave., Rm. 2220 MBRB, Chicago, IL 60607-7170, USA.
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Johnson ET, Ryu S, Yi H, Shin B, Cheong H, Choi G. Alteration of a single amino acid changes the substrate specificity of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase. Plant J 2001; 25:325-33. [PMID: 11208024 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2001.00962.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Many plant species exhibit a reduced range of flower colors due to the lack of an essential gene or to the substrate specificity of a biosynthetic enzyme. Petunia does not produce orange flowers because dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) from this species, an enzyme involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, inefficiently reduces dihydrokaempferol, the precursor to orange pelargonidin-type anthocyanins. The substrate specificity of DFR, however, has not been investigated at the molecular level. By analyzing chimeric DFRs of Petunia and Gerbera, we identified a region that determines the substrate specificity of DFR. Furthermore, by changing a single amino acid in this presumed substrate-binding region, we developed a DFR enzyme that preferentially reduces dihydrokaempferol. Our results imply that the substrate specificity of DFR can be altered by minor changes in DFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T Johnson
- Kumho Life and Environmental Science Laboratory, 1 Oryong-dong, Puk-gu, Kwangju 500-712 Korea
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Lee J, Koh J, Shin B, Ahn K, Roh J, Kim Y, Kim K. Comparative study of angiostatic and anti-invasive gene expressions as prognostic factors in gastric cancer. Int J Oncol 2001. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.18.2.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Yagi M, Kanzaki S, Kawamoto K, Shin B, Shah PP, Magal E, Sheng J, Raphael Y. Spiral ganglion neurons are protected from degeneration by GDNF gene therapy. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2000; 1:315-25. [PMID: 11547811 PMCID: PMC2957193 DOI: 10.1007/s101620010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Perceptual benefits from the cochlear prosthesis are related to the quantity and quality of the patient's auditory nerve population. Multiple neurotrophic factors, such as glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), have been shown to have important roles in the survival of inner ear auditory neurons, including protection of deafferented spiral ganglion cells (SGCs). In this study, GDNF gene therapy was tested for its ability to enhance survival of SGCs after aminoglycoside/diuretic-induced insult that eliminated the inner hair cells. The GDNF transgene was delivered by adenoviral vectors. Similar vectors with a reporter gene (lacZ) insert served as controls. Four or seven days after bilateral deafening, 5 microl of an adenoviral suspension (Ad-GDNF or Ad-lacZ) or an artificial perilymph was injected into the left scala tympani of guinea pigs. Animals were sacrificed 28 days after deafening and their inner ears prepared for SGC counts. Adenoviral-mediated GDNF transgene expression enhanced SGC survival in the left (viral-treated) deafened ears. This observation suggests that GDNF is one of the survival factors in the inner ear and may help maintain the auditory neurons after insult. Application of GDNF and other survival factors via gene therapy has great potential for inducing survival of auditory neurons following hair cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yagi
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0506, USA
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Choi G, Yi H, Lee J, Kwon YK, Soh MS, Shin B, Luka Z, Hahn TR, Song PS. Phytochrome signalling is mediated through nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2. Nature 1999; 401:610-3. [PMID: 10524631 DOI: 10.1038/44176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Because plants are sessile, they have developed intricate strategies to adapt to changing environmental variables, including light. Their growth and development, from germination to flowering, is critically influenced by light, particularly at red (660 nm) and far-red (730 nm) wavelengths. Higher plants perceive red and far-red light by means of specific light sensors called phytochromes(A-E). However, very little is known about how light signals are transduced to elicit responses in plants. Here we report that nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2 (NDPK2) is an upstream component in the phytochrome signalling pathway in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. In animal and human cells, NDPK acts as a tumour suppressor. We show that recombinant NDPK2 in Arabidopsis preferentially binds to the red-light-activated form of phytochrome in vitro and that this interaction increases the activity of recombinant NDPK2. Furthermore, a mutant lacking NDPK2 showed a partial defect in responses to both red and farred light, including cotyledon opening and greening. These results indicate that NDPK2 is a positive signalling component of the phytochrome-mediated light-signal-transduction pathway in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Choi
- Kumho Life and Environmental Science Laboratory, Kwangju, Korea.
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Oh BJ, Ko MK, Kostenyuk I, Shin B, Kim KS. Coexpression of a defensin gene and a thionin-like via different signal transduction pathways in pepper and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides interactions. Plant Mol Biol 1999; 41:313-9. [PMID: 10598099 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006336203621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The anthracnose fungus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, interacts incompatibly with the ripe fruit of pepper (Capsicum annuum). It interacts compatibly with the unripe-mature fruit. We isolated a defensin gene, jl-l, and a thionin-like gene, PepThi, expressed in the incompatible interaction by using an mRNA differential display method. Both genes were developmentally regulated during fruit ripening, organ-specifically regulated, and differentially induced during the compatible and incompatible interactions. Expression of the PepThi gene was rapidly induced in the incompatible-ripe fruit upon fungal infection. The fungus-inducible PepThi gene is highly inducible only in the unripe fruit by salicylic acid. In both ripe and unripe fruit, it was induced by wounding, but not by jasmonic acid. Expression of the jl-l gene is enhanced by jasmonic acid in the unripe fruit but suppressed in the ripe fruit. These results suggest that both small and cysteine-rich protein genes are induced via different signal transduction pathways during fruit ripening to protect the reproductive organs against biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Oh
- Kumho Life and Environmental Science Laboratory, Korea Kumho Petrochemical Co., Ltd, Kwangju
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Johnson ET, Yi H, Shin B, Oh BJ, Cheong H, Choi G. Cymbidium hybrida dihydroflavonol 4-reductase does not efficiently reduce dihydrokaempferol to produce orange pelargonidin-type anthocyanins. Plant J 1999; 19:81-5. [PMID: 10417729 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1999.00502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Some angiosperms are limited to a range of possible flower colors. This limitation can be due to the lack of an anthocyanin biosynthetic gene or to the substrate specificity of a key anthocyanin biosynthetic enzyme, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR). Cymbidium hybrida orchid flowers primarily produce cyanidin-type (pink to red) anthocyanins and lack the pelargonidin-type (orange to brick-red) anthocyanins. To investigate the underlying molecular mechanism of this flower color range, we cloned a Cymbidium DFR gene and transformed it into a DFR- petunia line. We found that the Cymbidium DFR did not efficiently reduce dihydrokaempferol (DHK), which is an essential step for pelargonidin production. Phylogenetic analysis of a number of DFR sequences indicate that the inability to catalyze DHK reduction has occurred at least twice during angiosperm evolution. Our results indicate that developing a pelargonidin-type orange flower color in Cymbidium may require the transformation of a DFR gene that can efficiently catalyze DHK reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T Johnson
- Kumho Life and Environmental Science Laboratory, Kwangju, Korea
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Abstract
PURPOSE To directly visualize the flow of leukocytes in choroidal vessels and the flow of platelets in retinal vessels in a rat without incision by fluorescein leukocyte angiography (FLA) using a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO). METHODS Blood was withdrawn from a tail vein of a Sprague-Dawley rat with a tuberculin syringe traced with sodium heparin and mixed with sodium fluorescein. The fluorescent plasma layer was diluted with saline solution, centrifuged and then the overlying plasma discarded. The remaining cell suspension was diluted with saline to create the original hematocrit, then infused into the vein of the same rat while performing fluorescein angiography with an SLO. The angiographic image was recorded on a videotape using time-lapsed photography. RESULTS Fluorescent platelets were detected and the flow within the retinal vessels traced over time. Fluorescent leukocytes in the choroidal vessels were also detected and the flow of a leukocyte was traced and its relative velocities were plotted against the time sequence. The relative size and fluorescence intensities of the platelets and leukocytes in the angiographic image corresponded well with the smear of the blood preparation. CONCLUSIONS FLA using an SLO can be used to detect the flow of platelets in the retinal vessels and the flow of leukocytes in the choroidal vessels in the experimental rat eye model.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wonkwang University, School of Medicine, Iksan, Chonbuk, South Korea
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Rosen GH, Boullata JI, O'Rangers EA, Enow NB, Shin B. Intravenous phosphate repletion regimen for critically ill patients with moderate hypophosphatemia. Crit Care Med 1995; 23:1204-10. [PMID: 7600828 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-199507000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To document the safety and efficacy of an intravenous phosphate repletion regimen that is more aggressive than recommended by previously published guidelines, in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with hypophosphatemia. DESIGN Prospective evaluation of rapid, intravenous phosphate repletion in eligible patients. SETTING Surgical ICU in a teaching hospital. PATIENTS Patients with a serum phosphorus concentration of < 2 mg/dL (< 0.65 mmol/L) while in the ICU. INTERVENTIONS Enrolled patients received 15 mmol of sodium phosphate in 100 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride, infused intravenously over a period of 2 hrs. Patients with a serum potassium concentration of < 3.5 mmol/L received potassium phosphate, if no other potassium supplementation was ordered. The same dose could be repeated to a maximum of 45 mmol in a 24-hr period if either the 6-hr or follow-up (18- to 24-hr) postinfusion serum phosphorus remained < 2 mg/dL (< 0.65 mmol). Serum electrolytes, renal function, vital signs, and reflexes were closely monitored. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Eleven patients enrolled had baseline serum phosphorus values of 1.6 to 1.9 mg/dL (0.51 to 0.61 mmol/L). The serum phosphorus value immediately postinfusion was 2.3 to 5.3 mg/dL (0.74 to 1.7 mmol/L). Only one patient had a 6-hr postinfusion serum phosphorus of < 2 mg/dL (< 0.65 mmol/L), requiring two additional doses. Two other patients each required a second dose. Serum phosphorus was corrected in other patients with a single dose. No significant changes were noted in serum calcium, magnesium, or potassium concentrations, urine output, vital signs, or reflexes throughout the repletion period. CONCLUSIONS All patients were successfully repleted using the described protocol without any significant adverse effects. This repletion regimen may have widespread applicability in the ICU setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Rosen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, USA
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Grace GT, Badder E, Shin B, Wehburg K, Brunner M, Sutter B, Stone HH. Acute postoperative hypokalemia. Curr Surg 1990; 47:435-8. [PMID: 2279402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G T Grace
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
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Grace GT, Shin B, Levin P, Stone HH. Immediate post-traumatic hypokalemia. Curr Surg 1988; 45:463-4. [PMID: 3234020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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