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Ingham-Hill E, Hewitt A, Lester A, Bond B. Morning compared to afternoon school-based exercise on cognitive function in adolescents. Brain Cogn 2024; 175:106135. [PMID: 38306762 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adolescents may be less ready to learn in the mornings due to a propensity for waking up later. High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) has been shown to acutely improve cognitive functioning in teenagers. This within-measures study explored whether the benefit of HIIE differs when delivered in the morning or afternoon. METHODS 37 teenagers (19 boys, 13.7 ± 0.4 years) each completed 3 trials in school; morning HIIE (MORN), afternoon HIIE (AFTER) and a no-exercise control trial (CON). The HIIE involved 10x10 second sprints, interspersed by 50 s of walking. Cognitive function was assessed using a battery of computerised tasks four times over the course of the day. RESULTS Z scores for reaction time, but not proportion of correct responses, were improved 45 min post exercise in the MORN trial (P < 0.01, d = 0.47), and this improvement persisted until the third (P = 0.04, d = 0.34), but not final (P = 0.93, d = 0.01), time point. Global reaction time was not improved 45 min post exercise in the AFTER trial (P = 0.17, d = 0.20). Global reaction time was quicker 45 min post morning exercise compared to the same time point in CON (P = 0.02, d = 0.56) and AFTER (P = 0.01, d = 0.72). CONCLUSION HIIE may be more effectual in improving cognitive functioning when delivered in the morning.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ingham-Hill
- The Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre (CHERC), University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - A Hewitt
- The Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre (CHERC), University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - A Lester
- The Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre (CHERC), University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - B Bond
- The Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre (CHERC), University of Exeter, United Kingdom.
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Wallis WEG, Al-Alem Q, Lorimer H, Smail OJ, Williams GKR, Bond B. The acute influence of amateur boxing on dynamic cerebral autoregulation and cerebrovascular reactivity to carbon dioxide. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:993-1003. [PMID: 37768343 PMCID: PMC10879355 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of head impacts, sustained over the course of three rounds of amateur boxing, on indices of cerebrovascular function. METHODS Eighteen university amateur boxers (six female) completed three experimental trials in a randomised order; (1) three rounds of boxing (BOX), (2) an equivalent bout of pad boxing (where no blows to the head were sustained; PAD), and (3) a time-matched seated control trial (CON). Indices of cerebrovascular function were determined immediately before and 45 min after each trial. Specifically, dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) was determined by considering the relationship between changes in cerebral blood velocity and mean arterial pressure during 5 min of squat-stand manoeuvres at 0.05 and 0.10 Hz. Cerebrovascular reactivity was determined using serial breath holding and hyperventilation attempts. RESULTS Participants received an average of 40 ± 16 punches to the head during the BOX trial. Diastolic, mean and systolic dCA phase during squat stand manoeuvres at 0.05 Hz was lower after BOX compared to pre BOX (P ≤ 0.02, effect size (d) ≥ 0.74). No other alterations in dCA outcomes were observed at 0.05 or 0.10 Hz. The number of head impacts received during the BOX trial was associated with the change in systolic phase (r = 0.50, P = 0.03). No differences in cerebrovascular reactivity to breath holding or hyperventilation were observed. CONCLUSIONS A typical bout of amateur boxing (i.e., three rounds) can subtly alter cerebral pressure-flow dynamics, and the magnitude of this change may be related to head impact exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E G Wallis
- Exeter Head Impacts, Brain Injury and Trauma (ExHIBIT) research group, Sport and Health Sciences, Baring Court, St Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Q Al-Alem
- Exeter Head Impacts, Brain Injury and Trauma (ExHIBIT) research group, Sport and Health Sciences, Baring Court, St Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - H Lorimer
- Exeter Head Impacts, Brain Injury and Trauma (ExHIBIT) research group, Sport and Health Sciences, Baring Court, St Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - O J Smail
- Exeter Head Impacts, Brain Injury and Trauma (ExHIBIT) research group, Sport and Health Sciences, Baring Court, St Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - G K R Williams
- Exeter Head Impacts, Brain Injury and Trauma (ExHIBIT) research group, Sport and Health Sciences, Baring Court, St Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - B Bond
- Exeter Head Impacts, Brain Injury and Trauma (ExHIBIT) research group, Sport and Health Sciences, Baring Court, St Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
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Pouli D, Thieu HT, Genega EM, Baecher-Lind L, House M, Bond B, Roncari DM, Evans ML, Rius-Diaz F, Munger K, Georgakoudi I. Label-free, High-Resolution Optical Metabolic Imaging of Human Cervical Precancers Reveals Potential for Intraepithelial Neoplasia Diagnosis. Cell Rep Med 2020; 1. [PMID: 32577625 PMCID: PMC7311071 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
While metabolic changes are considered a cancer hallmark, their assessment has not been incorporated in the detection of early or precancers, when treatment is most effective. Here, we demonstrate that metabolic changes are detected in freshly excised human cervical precancerous tissues using label-free, non-destructive imaging of the entire epithelium. The images rely on two-photon excited fluorescence from two metabolic co-enzymes, NAD(P)H and FAD, and have micron-level resolution, enabling sensitive assessments of the redox ratio and mitochondrial fragmentation, which yield metrics of metabolic function and heterogeneity. Simultaneous characterization of morphological features, such as the depth-dependent variation of the nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio, is demonstrated. Multi-parametric analysis combining several metabolic metrics with morphological ones enhances significantly the diagnostic accuracy of identifying high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Our results motivate the translation of such functional metabolic imaging to in vivo studies, which may enable improved identification of cervical lesions, and other precancers, at the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Pouli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA.,Present address: Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hong-Thao Thieu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Genega
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Laura Baecher-Lind
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Michael House
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Brian Bond
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA.,Present address: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Danielle M Roncari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Megan L Evans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Francisca Rius-Diaz
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 32 Louis Pasteur Boulevard, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Karl Munger
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA.,Lead Contact
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West S, Smail O, Bond B. The acute influence of sucrose consumption with and without vitamin C co-ingestion on microvascular reactivity in healthy young adults. Microvasc Res 2019; 126:103906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2019.103906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Smith SW, Ross K, Karlsson S, Bond B, Upson R, Davey A. Going native, going local: revegetating eroded soils on the Falkland Islands using native seeds and farmland waste. Restor Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart W. Smith
- Falklands Conservation, Jubilee Villas, Ross Road; Stanley FIQQ 1ZZ Falkland Islands
- Department of Biology; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; 7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - Katherine Ross
- Falklands Conservation, Jubilee Villas, Ross Road; Stanley FIQQ 1ZZ Falkland Islands
| | - Susanna Karlsson
- Falklands Conservation, Jubilee Villas, Ross Road; Stanley FIQQ 1ZZ Falkland Islands
| | - Brian Bond
- Quercus Statistical Consulting Ltd; Hitchin SG5 4HB U.K
| | - Rebecca Upson
- Conservation Science Department; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Richmond Surrey TW9 3AB U.K
| | - Alexandra Davey
- Conservation Science Department; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Millennium Seed Bank, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly; West Sussex RH17 6TN U.K
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Keefer K, Parker J, Saklofske D, Bond B. Trait Emotional Intelligence and Adolescent Temperament Traits: Are the Links Stable across Raters? Personality and Individual Differences 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Severo ETD, Calonego FW, Sansígolo CA, Bond B. Changes in the Chemical Composition and Decay Resistance of Thermally-Modified Hevea brasiliensis Wood. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151353. [PMID: 26986200 PMCID: PMC4795606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study the effect of thermal treatment on the equilibrium moisture content, chemical composition and biological resistance to decay fungi of juvenile and mature Hevea brasiliensis wood (rubber wood) was evaluated. Samples were taken from a 53-year-old rubber wood plantation located in Tabapuã, Sao Paulo, Brazil. The samples were thermally-modified at 180°C, 200°C and 220°C. Results indicate that the thermal modification caused: (1) a significant increase in the extractive content and proportional increase in the lignin content at 220°C; (2) a significant decrease in the equilibrium moisture content, holocelluloses, arabinose, galactose and xylose content, but no change in glucose content; and (3) a significant increase in wood decay resistance against both Pycnoporus sanguineus (L.) Murrill and Gloeophyllum trabeum (Pers.) Murrill decay fungi. The greatest decay resistance was achieved from treatment at 220°C which resulted in a change in wood decay resistance class from moderately resistant to resistant. Finally, this study also demonstrated that the influence of thermal treatment in mature wood was lower than in juvenile wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Taylor Durgante Severo
- Department of Forest Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Brooks Forest Products Center, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Fred Willians Calonego
- Department of Forest Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Angeli Sansígolo
- Department of Forest Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brian Bond
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Brooks Forest Products Center, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
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8
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Bond B, Gates PE, Jackman SR, Corless LM, Williams CA, Barker AR. Exercise intensity and the protection from postprandial vascular dysfunction in adolescents. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H1443-50. [PMID: 25820392 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00074.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute exercise transiently improves endothelial function and protects the vasculature from the deleterious effects of a high-fat meal (HFM). We sought to identify whether this response is dependent on exercise intensity in adolescents. Twenty adolescents (10 male, 14.3 ± 0.3 yr) completed three 1-day trials: 1) rest (CON); 2) 8 × 1 min cycling at 90% peak power with 75 s recovery [high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE)]; and 3) cycling at 90% of the gas exchange threshold [moderate-intensity exercise (MIE)] 1 h before consuming a HFM (1.50 g/kg fat). Macrovascular and microvascular endothelial function was assessed before and immediately after exercise and 3 h after the HFM by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and laser Doppler imaging [peak reactive hyperemia (PRH)]. FMD and PRH increased 1 h after HIIE [P < 0.001, effect size (ES) = 1.20 and P = 0.048, ES = 0.56] but were unchanged after MIE. FMD and PRH were attenuated 3 h after the HFM in CON (P < 0.001, ES = 1.78 and P = 0.02, ES = 0.59). FMD remained greater 3 h after the HFM in HIIE compared with MIE (P < 0.001, ES = 1.47) and CON (P < 0.001, ES = 2.54), and in MIE compared with CON (P < 0.001, ES = 1.40). Compared with CON, PRH was greater 3 h after the HFM in HIIE (P = 0.02, ES = 0.71) and MIE (P = 0.02, ES = 0.84), with no differences between HIIE and MIE (P = 0.72, ES = 0.16). Plasma triacylglycerol concentration and total antioxidant status concentration were not different between trials. We conclude that exercise intensity plays an important role in protecting the vasculature from the deleterious effects of a HFM. Performing HIIE may provide superior vascular benefits than MIE in adolescent groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bond
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - P E Gates
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom; and
| | - S R Jackman
- Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - L M Corless
- Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - C A Williams
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - A R Barker
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom;
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9
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Hoover RN, Hyer M, Pfeiffer RM, Adam E, Bond B, Cheville AL, Colton T, Hartge P, Hatch EE, Herbst AL, Karlan BY, Kaufman R, Noller KL, Palmer JR, Robboy SJ, Saal RC, Strohsnitter W, Titus-Ernstoff L, Troisi R. Adverse health outcomes in women exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol. N Engl J Med 2011; 365:1304-14. [PMID: 21991952 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1013961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Before 1971, several million women were exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol (DES) given to their mothers to prevent pregnancy complications. Several adverse outcomes have been linked to such exposure, but their cumulative effects are not well understood. METHODS We combined data from three studies initiated in the 1970s with continued long-term follow-up of 4653 women exposed in utero to DES and 1927 unexposed controls. We assessed the risks of 12 adverse outcomes linked to DES exposure, including cumulative risks to 45 years of age for reproductive outcomes and to 55 years of age for other outcomes, and their relationships to the baseline presence or absence of vaginal epithelial changes, which are correlated with a higher dose of, and earlier exposure to, DES in utero. RESULTS Cumulative risks in women exposed to DES, as compared with those not exposed, were as follows: for infertility, 33.3% vs. 15.5% (hazard ratio, 2.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.05 to 2.75); spontaneous abortion, 50.3% vs. 38.6% (hazard ratio, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.42 to 1.88); preterm delivery, 53.3% vs. 17.8% (hazard ratio, 4.68; 95% CI, 3.74 to 5.86); loss of second-trimester pregnancy, 16.4% vs. 1.7% (hazard ratio, 3.77; 95% CI, 2.56 to 5.54); ectopic pregnancy, 14.6% vs. 2.9% (hazard ratio, 3.72; 95% CI, 2.58 to 5.38); preeclampsia, 26.4% vs. 13.7% (hazard ratio 1.42; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.89); stillbirth, 8.9% vs. 2.6% (hazard ratio, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.33 to 4.54); early menopause, 5.1% vs. 1.7% (hazard ratio, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.67 to 3.31); grade 2 or higher cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, 6.9% vs. 3.4% (hazard ratio, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.59 to 3.27); and breast cancer at 40 years of age or older, 3.9% vs. 2.2% (hazard ratio, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.04 to 3.18). For most outcomes, the risks among exposed women were higher for those with vaginal epithelial changes than for those without such changes. CONCLUSIONS In utero exposure of women to DES is associated with a high lifetime risk of a broad spectrum of adverse health outcomes. (Funded by the National Cancer Institute.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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10
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Reynolds CA, Oyama MA, Rush JE, Rozanski EA, Singletary GE, Brown DC, Cunningham SM, Fox PR, Bond B, Adin DB, Williams RM, MacDonald KA, Malakoff R, Sleeper MM, Schober KE, Petrie JP, Hogan DF. Perceptions of Quality of Life and Priorities of Owners of Cats with Heart Disease. J Vet Intern Med 2010; 24:1421-6. [PMID: 20738770 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0583.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C A Reynolds
- Department of Clinical Studies-Philadelphia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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11
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Abstract
Abstract
Downhole motors are widely used to drill vertical, directional and horizontal wells in conjunction with Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) bits. When a bent housing Positive Displacement Motor (PDM) is oriented for slide drilling to manipulate a well's trajectory, the drill string does not rotate. Consequently, the rate of penetration (ROP) typically decreases. It is therefore important to optimize bottomhole assembly (BHA) performance in conjunction with PDC drill bits. This paper discusses how motor performance data, coupled with an ROP model, can predict the optimal weight-on-bit (WOB) required to derive maximum ROP for a given section of a hole to be drilled. This approach solves the ROP model and determines the ideal WOB with respect to any restrictions that PDM performance equations apply on it. Bit wear is included in the ROP model and an analysis is performed to optimize a given interval of wellbore. The optimization approach is illustrated with two examples for different formation types and one field case comparing the performance of two motors with PDC bits. The optimum WOB, maximum average ROP and differential pressure values are the outputs from the analysis. This analytical approach can be used to determine the optimum PDM/PDC bit combination to achieve maximum ROP through a wide range of operational conditions.
Introduction
Positive Displacement Motors (PDMs) have gained widespread use in vertical, directional and horizontal drilling applications. In directional and horizontal mode, bent housing PDMs are used to manipulate well trajectory (inclination and azimuth) to intersect bottomhole targets. Slide drilling occurs when the bend in the PDM is oriented in a certain direction. During slide drilling, the drill string does not rotate. In slide drilling mode, bit rotation is generated only from the motor as drilling fluid is pumped through the drill string. Drilling in this mode can significantly reduce ROP and increase well costs. Accordingly, overall performance of bit and motor combinations can have an extremely significant impact on drilling costs. In comparison to using a simple approach like mechanical specific energy (MSE) which is a relative 'local' value as a function of instantaneous operating parameters like WOB and RPM only(1), the approach herein can do a global bit run optimization in the pre-planning and follow-up phases, which include bit selection and detailed design parameters, bit wear throughout the bit run as a function of operating parameters and motor selection and performance. MSE does not consider any of these parameters and is not an overall 'global' ROP or $/m optimization tool.
In a PDM, the power section converts hydraulic energy of mud flow into mechanical rotary power ? the reverse action of the Moineau pump principle(2). Each PDM has a helical rotor assembled inside a helical stator. The rotor has one less spiral or lobe than the stator, which results in a continuous seal line between the two. Likewise, the length of helical pitch for the stator is greater than the rotor, which forms cavity spaces between them. These cavities move along the power section from the inlet to outlet by rotating the rotor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - B. Bond
- Departure Energy Services Inc
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12
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Robbins MJ, Critchlow HM, Lloyd A, Cilia J, Clarke JD, Bond B, Jones DNC, Maycox PR. Differential expression of IEG mRNA in rat brain following acute treatment with clozapine or haloperidol: a semi-quantitative RT-PCR study. J Psychopharmacol 2008; 22:536-42. [PMID: 18208916 DOI: 10.1177/0269881107081521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs have been shown to modulate immediate early gene (IEG) expression in rat brain regions that are associated with schizophrenia, which may be directly linked to their immediate therapeutic benefit. In this study, we analysed the expression profile of a series of IEGs (c-fos, c-jun, fra-1, Krox-20, Krox-24, arc, sgk-1, BDNF and NARP) in six rat brain regions (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, nucleus accumbens, thalamus and cerebellum). Rats (n=5) were administered either clozapine (20 mg/kg i.p.), haloperidol (1 mg/kg i.p.) or the appropriate vehicle with pre-treatment times of 1, 6 and 24 h. IEG expression was analysed in these regions by Taqman RT-PCR. The spatial and temporal profile of IEG induction following antipsychotic drug treatment correlates with regions associated with the efficacy and side effect profile of each drug. In particular, sgk-1 expression levels after antipsychotic drug treatment may have predictive value when investigating the profile of a novel antipsychotic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Robbins
- Department of Biology, Psychiatry Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, New Frontiers Science Park (North), Harlow, Essex, UK.
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14
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Vanderjagt DJ, Bond B, Dulai R, Pickel A, Ujah IO, Wadinga WW, Scariano JK, Glew RH. Assessment of the bone status of Nigerian women by ultrasound and biochemical markers. Calcif Tissue Int 2001; 68:277-84. [PMID: 11683534 DOI: 10.1007/bf02390834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound analysis of the calcaneus and serum markers of bone turnover were used to examine the bone status of healthy Nigerian women who reside in an area of the world where dietary calcium intake is generally low and estrogen replacement therapy is not widely available. A total of 218 women (108 premenopausal and 110 postmenopausal) between the ages of 16 and 95 years were enrolled in the study. Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and speed of sound velocity (SOS) were measured and used to calculate the stiffness index (SI) of the calcaneus. In this cross-sectional study, the Nigerian women exhibited a marked age-dependent decline in SI that was defined by the regression equation SI = 105.9 - 6.62E-3 x Age2. SI was significantly correlated with age (r = -0.41, P < 0.001) and with serum NTx concentrations (r = -0.26, P < 0.001), but not with serum levels of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP). Years since menopause was also significantly correlated with SI (r = 0.40, P < 0.001). A significant increase in serum NTx concentration occurred at least a decade before a significant decline in SI was evident. In the total study group, 24% of the women had T-scores indicative of osteopenia and 9% had T-scores indicative of osteoporosis, based on US reference data. Although the reported current incidence of fracture is low in women in sub-Saharan West Africa, these data show that after menopause Nigerian women have a decline in bone quality and increase in bone turnover similar to North American Caucasian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Vanderjagt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque 87131, USA
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15
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Abstract
The present study describes the solubilisation of the novel anticonvulsant, SB-204269, binding site from pig cortical membranes. Throughout the study the binding of a close analogue of this compound, [125I]-SB-217644 (trans 6- Acetyl-4S-(3-iodobenzoylamino)-3,4-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-2H-benzo[b ]pyran-3R-ol) was used to monitor the success of the solubilisation procedure. [125I]-SB-217644 was an ideal mechanistic tool for quantifying the binding to this novel anticonvulsant site, with a high specific activity and affinity (K(D) of 3 nmol/l). Optimum conditions for the solubilisation of this anticonvulsant binding site were investigated using a multifactorial experimental design to assess a large number of variables. Detergent type, detergent-protein ratio, absence of Mg2+ and temperature were deemed to be important factors. However, the increases observed in binding site specific activity were minimal compared with those achieved for yields. Maximum percentage yields of binding activity (25%) were achieved with a low concentration of the zwitterionic detergent, CHAPS, in the presence of a low protein concentration. This yield was further enhanced on combining mixtures of detergents. The highest recovery (37%) was achieved with a 50:50 (v:v; 1.5 x critical micelle concentration) mixture of the ionic detergent, sodium cholate, and the non-ionic detergent, MEGA-10. In summary, we report the successful solubilisation of a novel anticonvulsant binding site, identified by its selective affinity for SB-204269 and its analogues. The recovery of nearly 40% of the target binding sites from the starting material should provide a good starting point for the purification of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Roberts
- Department of Neuroscience Research, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Harlow, Essex
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16
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Abstract
Death receptors are associated with the homeostatic and pathologic induction of cell death. TR3 is a recently characterised member of the death receptor family that is expressed in the adult brain. In order to establish the role of TR3 in acute CNS disease and chronic neurodegeneration, we analysed brain regions from Alzheimer's disease (AD), stroke and neurotrauma patients, using a novel anti-peptide antibody generated to an exposed epitope in the extracellular domain of the receptor. We show a statistically significant increase in TR3 protein levels in AD brain samples but not in stroke, neurotrauma or control samples. The increase observed for TR3 was specific to neurons in regions associated with AD pathology. This is the first report describing the neuron-specific regulation of a death receptor in chronic disease and may indicate that a TR3 receptor-mediated signalling pathway is involved in AD-associated neuronal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Newman
- Department of Analytical Science, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, UK
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17
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Buckingham RE, Al-Barazanji KA, Toseland CD, Slaughter M, Connor SC, West A, Bond B, Turner NC, Clapham JC. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist, rosiglitazone, protects against nephropathy and pancreatic islet abnormalities in Zucker fatty rats. Diabetes 1998; 47:1326-34. [PMID: 9703335 DOI: 10.2337/diab.47.8.1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Rosiglitazone (BRL 49653), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist and potent insulin action-enhancing agent, was given in the diet (50 micromol/kg of diet) to male Zucker rats ages 6-7 weeks for 9 months (prevention group). In this treatment mode, rosiglitazone prolonged the time to onset of proteinuria from 3 to 6 months and markedly reduced the rate of its subsequent progression. Progression was also retarded when treatment was commenced (intervention group) after proteinuria had become established (4 months; ages 24-25 weeks). In either treatment mode, rosiglitazone normalized urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity, a marker for renal proximal tubular damage, and ameliorated the rise in systolic blood pressure that occurred coincidentally with the development of proteinuria in Zucker fatty control rats. The renal protective action of rosiglitazone was verified morphologically. Thus in the prevention group there was an absence of the various indexes of chronic nephropathy that were prominent in the Zucker fatty control group, namely, glomerulosclerosis, dilated tubules containing proteinaceous casts, a loss of functional microvilli on the tubular epithelium, and varying degrees of chronic interstitial nephritis. An intermediate pathology was observed in the intervention group. Also, pancreatic islet hyperplasia, ultrastructural evidence of beta-cell work hypertrophy, and derangement of alpha-cell distribution within the islet were prominent features of Zucker fatty control rats, but these adaptive changes were ameliorated (intervention group) or prevented (prevention group) by rosiglitazone treatment. These data demonstrate that treatment of Zucker fatty rats with rosiglitazone produced substantial protection over a prolonged period against the development and progression of renal injury and the adaptive changes to pancreatic islet morphology caused by sustained hyperinsulinemia.
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18
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Hanna M, de Biasi V, Bond B, Salter C, Hutt AJ, Camilleri P. Estimation of the partitioning characteristics of drugs: a comparison of a large and diverse drug series utilizing chromatographic and electrophoretic methodology. Anal Chem 1998; 70:2092-9. [PMID: 9608847 DOI: 10.1021/ac971122l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
1-Octanol-water log P values for a large number of standards and bioactive molecules have been correlated to the logarithm of the corresponding capacity factors determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, using a novel dynamically coated phase, containing phosphatidylcholine. Similarly a correlation was also obtained for log P and capacity factors determined by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC), involving the use of phosphatidylcholine--bile acid mixed micelles in the separation buffer. Statistical analysis of data obtained via both methods has shown that either method will give reliable log P predictions, although MECC is generally more useful for neutral and basic compounds. It is recommended that, as both methods can easily be set up in an analytical laboratory, their combined use provides rapid methodology for the confident estimation of hydrophobicity, as measured by log P for the widest diversity of chemical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hanna
- Department of Pharmacy, King's College London, U.K
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19
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic treatment of patients with beta-blockers induces beta 2-adrenergic receptor hyperresponsiveness in atrium and sinoatrial node. To investigate whether other atrial Gs protein-coupled receptors also become hyperresponsive after chronic treatment with beta-blockers, we investigated 5-HT4 receptors in tissues and myocytes, which mediate serotonin-evoked increases of both contractile force and cAMP levels. METHODS AND RESULTS Isolated right atrial strips from patients who had been chronically treated or not treated with a beta-blocker were set up to contract. In tissues from beta-blocker-treated patients (n = 27), the maximum inotropic response to serotonin was 56 +/- 3% (mean +/- SEM) of the effect elicited by (-)-isoproterenol (200 mumol/L) compared with a response of 19 +/- 6% in tissues from non-beta-blocker-treated patients (n = 13) (P < .001). The responsiveness of the tissues to Ca2+ was unchanged by chronic beta-blocker treatment. Serotonin (1 and 10 mumol/L) increased tissue cAMP levels, the increase with 10 mumol/L being significantly greater (P < .05) in tissues from beta-blocker-treated (n = 9) than in non-beta-blocker-treated (n = 7) patients. In paced atrial myocytes, serotonin caused concentration-dependent increases in contraction. Myocytes obtained from atria of beta-blocker-treated patients were more sensitive (P < .01) to the effects of serotonin (-log EC50, 7.9 +/- 0.2 mol/L; n = 12) than myocytes obtained from non-beta-blocker-treated patients (-log EC50, 7.3 +/- 0.2 mol/L, n = 12). Chronic beta-blocker treatment had no effect on forskolin-evoked myocyte responses. Carbachol (1 mumol/L) suppressed the effects of both serotonin (n = 6) and (-)-isoproterenol (n = 6) in the same atrial myocyte. CONCLUSIONS Chronic treatment of patients with beta-blockers causes atrial 5-HT4 receptor inotropic hyperresponsiveness and enhanced serotonin-evoked increases in cAMP levels. This may be due to modified cross talk between 5-HT4 receptors, beta-adrenergic receptors, and muscarinic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sanders
- Human Pharmacology Laboratory, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
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20
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Schrope DP, Fox PR, Hahn AW, Bond B, Rosenthal S. Effects of electrocardiograph frequency filters on P-QRS-T amplitudes of the feline electrocardiogram. Am J Vet Res 1995; 56:1534-40. [PMID: 8585669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE--To determine whether standard manual frequency filters in the ON and OFF settings affected P-QRS-T voltages, discover whether recorded P-QRS-T voltages vary between commercial electrocardiographs, assess effects of frequency filters on base-line artifact, and evaluate ECG frequency content by high-fidelity recordings subjected to digital filters with variable frequencies. DESIGN--Sequential 10-lead ECG were recorded in 30 cats, using 3 commercial electrocardiographs to assess effects of manual frequency filters on the P-QRS-T wave forms. Three clinically normal cats were evaluated for ECG frequency content. ANIMALS--Thirty cats (13 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; 4 with restrictive cardiomyopathy; 3 hyperthyroid; 1 with ventricular septal defect; 1 with aortic stenosis; and 8 with no detectable cardiovascular disease). Three additional clinically normal cats were studied for effects of frequency filters on the ECG frequency content. PROCEDURES--Ten-lead ECG were recorded on each cat by use of 3 commercial electrocardiographs sequentially. For each machine, a recording was made with manual filters ON, immediately followed by a recording with manual filters OFF. High-fidelity lead-II ECG recordings were made with filters set with their rolloff frequency at 0.1 Hz and 3.0 kHz; output voltage (0.2 mV/V) was fed to an analog-to-digital converter, then to attendant software, which sampled the signal at 6 kHz with a 12-bit sampler, and were digitally filtered at various corner frequencies. RESULTS--Voltages recorded by all 3 electrocardiographs were greatest when filters were OFF (most prominent on R- and S-wave voltages). In all recorded leads, R-wave voltage was significantly greater when filters were OFF than ON. Comparison of voltages indicated significant (P < 0.05) differences between R-wave voltages recorded in all leads with manual filters ON, but not with filters OFF. With filters ON, each electrocardiograph produced a smaller percentage of recordings with moderate to severe baseline artifact than with filters OFF. R-Wave amplitudes of high-fidelity lead-II ECG were significantly decreased with digital filters set at corner frequencies < 150 Hz. CONCLUSIONS--Significant (P < 0.05) voltage attenuation was recorded by each of the 3 commercial electrocardiographs when frequency filters were ON, compared with OFF. Comparison of waveform voltages among electrocardiographs with filters ON indicated significant variation in R-wave amplitudes in all leads. With manual filters ON, each electrocardiograph recorded a smaller percentage of recordings with baseline artifact than with filters OFF. Substantial frequency components > or = 150 Hz are present in the feline ECG waveform. Thus, filters with frequencies < 150 Hz markedly attenuate the feline R wave. CLINICAL RELEVANCE--Attenuation of feline ECG signals occurs with use of commercial electrocardiographs and varies greatly between manufacturers. This is attributable largely to internal manual frequency filters. These consequences may be important when applying standard feline reference values or when equivocal voltage measurements are recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Schrope
- Department of Medicine, Animal Medical Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
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21
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O'Sullivan M, Boyer P, Scott G, Parks W, Weller S, Blum R, Balsley J, Bryson Y, Bond B, Efantis-Potter J, Gillespie S, Gourley J, Helfgott A, Lai S, Mitchell C, O'Rourke S, Parks W, Perry-Marx D, Scott W. The pharmacokinetics and safety of zidovudine in the third trimester of pregnancy for women infected with human immunodeficiency virus and their infants: Phase I acquired immunodeficiency syndrome clinical trials group study (protocol 082). Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-7292(94)90089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Abstract
Cholestyramine was administered to hamsters at 6 doses in the diet for 1 week. Plasma cholesterol, LDL + VLDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol were measured after this period. Bile acid excretion was measured in faeces collected over the final 24 h of the experiment. A dose-response curve for each parameter measured was constructed using data from individual hamsters. For the bile acid and the cholesterol measurements a maximum response was observed at the highest doses. A correlation between the bile acids excreted over 24 h and the LDL + VLDL cholesterol showed that the maximum effect of cholestyramine on lowering plasma and lipoprotein cholesterol occurred at a submaximal excretion level of bile acids. Comparison of the efficiency of cholestyramine in reducing plasma cholesterol in the hamster with limited data in the dog and in man suggest that a greater lowering of plasma cholesterol is achieved in the dog and in man for an equivalent increase in bile acid excretion caused by the sequestrant. As is already known, cholestyramine treatment caused an increase in hepatic cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase and HMG-CoA reductase activity. Interestingly in this study the novel observation was made that the bile acid sequestrant reduced the activity of hepatic acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Suckling
- Smith Kline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Welwyn, Herts, U.K
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23
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LeBoit PE, Beckstead JH, Bond B, Epstein WL, Frieden IJ, Parslow TG. Granulomatous slack skin: clonal rearrangement of the T-cell receptor beta gene is evidence for the lymphoproliferative nature of a cutaneous elastolytic disorder. J Invest Dermatol 1987; 89:183-6. [PMID: 3496402 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12470557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Granulomatous slack skin (GSS) is characterized by the slow evolution of bulky, erythematous skin folds that have a granulomatous histology, and show destruction of dermal elastic tissue. Several cases have been putatively associated with Hodgkin's disease, and histologic similarities to mycosis fungoides have also been noted. We examined tissue from 3 cases of GSS to determine whether the condition was inflammatory or lymphoproliferative in nature. We found an abnormal, monomorphous T-helper cell immunophenotype, and in all 3 cases, clonal rearrangement of the T-cell receptor beta gene. We conclude that GSS is an indolent cutaneous T-cell lymphoma associated with granulomatous inflammation that mediates elastolysis, producing a distinctive clinical appearance.
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24
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Parslow TG, Jones SD, Bond B, Yamamoto KR. The immunoglobulin octanucleotide: independent activity and selective interaction with enhancers. Science 1987; 235:1498-501. [PMID: 3029871 DOI: 10.1126/science.3029871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The thymidine kinase (tk) promoter of herpes simplex virus includes an octanucleotide sequence motif (ATTTGCAT) that is also an essential component of immunoglobulin kappa gene promoters. In the absence of an enhancer, tk promoter derivatives that contain this element support a higher rate of transcription than those that lack it. The action of the kappa enhancer augments that of the octanucleotide in B lymphoid cells; when both elements are present, tk promoter activity is increased by more than an order of magnitude. In contrast, the presence of the octanucleotide in this promoter markedly reduces its response to a nonimmunoglobulin enhancer. These results suggest that the octanucleotide may mediate a selective interaction among promoters and enhancers.
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25
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Vaughn CB, Weinstein R, Bond B, Rice R, Vaughn RW, McKendrick A, Ayad G, Rockwell MA, Rocchio R. Ferritin content in human cancerous and noncancerous colonic tissue. Cancer Invest 1987; 5:7-10. [PMID: 3580949 DOI: 10.3109/07357908709020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor tissue samples from 25 patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon, twelve related samples of normal colons as well as five serum specimens from the same patients were analyzed for ferritin. The average ferritin content of the tumor tissue was 788 ng/mcp with a range of 47-1,745 ng/mcp. The average ferritin content of normal colon mucosa was 115 ng/mcp with a range of 32-230 ng/mcp. Two specimens of metastatic colon cancer taken from the retroperitoneal space and liver, respectively, contained 3,867 and 2,827 ng/mcp of ferritin. The ferritin content of the tumor tissue was higher than that of the normal colon in 8 of 9 patients who had specimens obtained from both sites. The amount of ferritin found in tumor tissue was independent of sex, age, and the site of the original tumor. This study shows that the ferritin content of colon neoplasms is elevated and indicates that the tumor tissue may be the direct source of elevated serum levels of ferritin previously observed in cancer patients.
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26
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Abstract
The metastatic potential patterns of dissemination have been investigated in 150 patients with Stage 1B adenocarcinoma of the cervix treated during a 20-year period from 1956 to 1977. All cases with the exception of one were treated with a combination of intracavitary radium implants followed by a radical surgical procedure with pelvic lymph node dissection. It was found that the incidence of pelvic metastases and distant recurrences and the survival rates were the same as in previously published reports for squamous cell carcinomas treated in the same manner. In one respect adenocarcinomas showed a significant difference when compared with squamous cell cancers: The incidence of residual tumor in the hysterectomy specimens after intracavitary treatment was much higher (30% versus 11%). This is considered a strong argument for surgical treatment of patients with early stages of adenocarcinoma of the cervix.
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27
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Barnett JW, Alexander AW, Hutchby JP, Wood JP, Bond B, Young DW. Hereford Hospital Prescribing Study: Description and Usefulness 1. J R Soc Med 1981; 74:661-6. [PMID: 7288809 PMCID: PMC1438855 DOI: 10.1177/014107688107400908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mode of operation of a computer-based information system designed to link information about drug usage to diagnostic data is described. Details of the cost of this system are given. It is shown that the running costs are approximately £20 000 per year. Examples are given of the uses made of the data collected.
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28
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Barnett JW, Bond B, Hutchby JP, Wood JB. THE HEREFORD HOSPITAL PRESCRIBING STUDY. J Clin Pharm Ther 1978. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.1978.tb00129.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Bond B, Rae S. Hyperactive children. JAMA 1978; 239:968-9. [PMID: 628045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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30
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Bond B, Orr JW. The effects of a single dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)-anthracene on the epidermis and hair follicles of mice, with notes on concurrent changes in the ovaries and adrenals. Br J Cancer 1969; 23:188-96. [PMID: 5768435 PMCID: PMC2008324 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1969.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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