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Mercer M, Kocher M, Shaheen N, Flemming BP, Waltz J. A novel dual balloon rectal catheter for use in the postoperative assessment of low rectal anastomoses following low anterior resection. J Clin Imaging Sci 2022; 12:18. [PMID: 35510240 PMCID: PMC9062906 DOI: 10.25259/jcis_220_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Following low anterior resection (LAR) of the colon, an image-guided assessment of the anastomosis for leak is typically performed using an enema via a rectal catheter, whether by CT or fluoroscopy. However, there is potential for poor assessment due to inappropriate catheter positioning as well as potential risk that the anastomosis becomes compromised by the balloon inflation. This article discusses the adaptation of a novel double-balloon catheter (originally designed by a member of our institution for use in pediatric intussusception reduction) for assessment of low rectal anastomoses. The goal of this technical note is to demonstrate our experience with this catheter, primarily through example cases, and explain its potential for optimizing colon distension, minimizing improper catheter placement, and potentially reducing the risk of iatrogenic anastomosis disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Mercer
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States,
| | - Madison Kocher
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States,
| | - Nick Shaheen
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States,
| | - Brian P Flemming
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States,
| | - Jeffrey Waltz
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States,
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Kocher MR, Kovacs MD, Stewart W, Flemming BP, Hinen S, Hardie AD. Added value of iodine-specific imaging and virtual non-contrast imaging for gastrointestinal assessment using dual-energy computed tomography. J Clin Imaging Sci 2022; 11:68. [PMID: 34992944 PMCID: PMC8720433 DOI: 10.25259/jcis_199_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) has become increasingly available and can be readily incorporated into clinical practice. Although DECT can provide a wide variety of spectral imaging reconstructions, most clinically valuable information is available from a limited number of standard image reconstructions including virtual non-contrast and iodine overlay. The combination of these standard reconstructions can be used for specific diagnostic tasks that provide added value over traditional CT protocols. In this pictorial essay, the added value of these standard reconstructed images will be demonstrated by case examples for diseases specifically related to the gastrointestinal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison R Kocher
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Mark D Kovacs
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - William Stewart
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Brian P Flemming
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Shaun Hinen
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Andrew D Hardie
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
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Hardie AD, Chamberlin JH, Boyum JH, Sharbidre KG, Petrocelli R, Flemming BP, Zahid M, Venkatesh SK, Mruthyunjayappa S, Hajdu CH, Kovacs MD. Multi-Center Follow-up Study to Develop a Classification System Which Differentiates Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm of the Liver and Benign Hepatic Cyst Using Machine Learning. Acad Radiol 2021; 29:1149-1156. [PMID: 34598868 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2021.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To date, no clinically useful classification system has been developed for reliably differentiating mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN) from a benign hepatic cyst (BHC) in the liver. The objective was to use machine learning and a multi-center study design to develop and assess the performance of a novel classification system for predicting whether a hepatic cystic lesion represents MCN or BHC. MATERIALS AND METHODS A multi-center cohort study identified 154 surgically resected hepatic cystic lesions in 154 subjects which were pathologic confirmed as MCN (43) or BHC (111). Readers at each institution recorded seven pre-determined imaging features previously identified as potential differentiating features from prior publications. The contribution of each of these features to differentiating MCN from BHC was assessed by machine learning to develop an optimal classification system. RESULTS Although several of the assessed imaging features demonstrated statistical significance, only 3 imaging features were found by machine learning to significantly contribute to a potential classification system: (1) solid enhancing nodule (2) all septations arising from an external macro-lobulation (3) whether the lesion was solitary or one of multiple cystic liver lesions. The optimal classification system had only four categories and correctly identified 144/154 lesion (93.5%). CONCLUSION This multi-center follow-up study was able to use machine learning to develop a highly accurate classification system for differentiation of hepatic MCN from BHC, which could be readily applied to clinical practice.
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Bouatia-Naji N, Bonnefond A, Baerenwald DA, Marchand M, Bugliani M, Marchetti P, Pattou F, Printz RL, Flemming BP, Umunakwe OC, Conley NL, Vaxillaire M, Lantieri O, Balkau B, Marre M, Lévy-Marchal C, Elliott P, Jarvelin MR, Meyre D, Dina C, Oeser JK, Froguel P, O'Brien RM. Genetic and functional assessment of the role of the rs13431652-A and rs573225-A alleles in the G6PC2 promoter that are strongly associated with elevated fasting glucose levels. Diabetes 2010; 59:2662-71. [PMID: 20622168 PMCID: PMC3279535 DOI: 10.2337/db10-0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genome-wide association studies have identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs560887, located in a G6PC2 intron that is highly correlated with variations in fasting plasma glucose (FPG). G6PC2 encodes an islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit. This study examines the contribution of two G6PC2 promoter SNPs, rs13431652 and rs573225, to the association signal. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We genotyped 9,532 normal FPG participants (FPG <6.1 mmol/l) for three G6PC2 SNPs, rs13431652 (distal promoter), rs573225 (proximal promoter), rs560887 (3rd intron). We used regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, and BMI to assess the association with FPG and haplotype analyses to assess comparative SNP contributions. Fusion gene and gel retardation analyses characterized the effect of rs13431652 and rs573225 on G6PC2 promoter activity and transcription factor binding. RESULTS Genetic analyses provide evidence for a strong contribution of the promoter SNPs to FPG variability at the G6PC2 locus (rs13431652: β = 0.075, P = 3.6 × 10(-35); rs573225 β = 0.073 P = 3.6 × 10(-34)), in addition to rs560887 (β = 0.071, P = 1.2 × 10(-31)). The rs13431652-A and rs573225-A alleles promote increased NF-Y and Foxa2 binding, respectively. The rs13431652-A allele is associated with increased FPG and elevated promoter activity, consistent with the function of G6PC2 in pancreatic islets. In contrast, the rs573225-A allele is associated with elevated FPG but reduced promoter activity. CONCLUSIONS Genetic and in situ functional data support a potential role for rs13431652, but not rs573225, as a causative SNP linking G6PC2 to variations in FPG, though a causative role for rs573225 in vivo cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Bouatia-Naji
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Devin A. Baerenwald
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Marion Marchand
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Marco Bugliani
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - François Pattou
- INSERM U859, Université de Lille-Nord de France, Centre Hospitalier Regional et Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Richard L. Printz
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Brian P. Flemming
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Obi C. Umunakwe
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nicholas L. Conley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Martine Vaxillaire
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | | | | | - Michel Marre
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U695, Université Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Claire Lévy-Marchal
- INSERM U690, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris; Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Department of Child and Adolescent Health, National Public Health Institute, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - David Meyre
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Christian Dina
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - James K. Oeser
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Philippe Froguel
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Richard M. O'Brien
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Corresponding author: Richard M. O'Brien,
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Abstract
Islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein (IGRP/G6PC2) is a major autoantigen in both mouse and human type 1 diabetes. IGRP is selectively expressed in islet beta cells and polymorphisms in the IGRP gene have recently been associated with variations in fasting blood glucose levels and cardiovascular-associated mortality in humans. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays have shown that the IGRP promoter binds the islet-enriched transcription factors Pax-6 and BETA2. We show here, again using ChIP assays, that the IGRP promoter also binds the islet-enriched transcription factors MafA and Foxa2. Single binding sites for these factors were identified in the proximal IGRP promoter, mutation of which resulted in decreased IGRP fusion gene expression in betaTC-3, Hamster insulinoma tumor (HIT), and Min6 cells. ChiP assays have shown that the islet-enriched transcription factor Pdx-1 also binds the IGRP promoter, but mutational analysis of four Pdx-1 binding sites in the proximal IGRP promoter revealed surprisingly little effect of Pdx-1 binding on IGRP fusion gene expression in betaTC-3 cells. In contrast, in both HIT and Min6 cells mutation of these four Pdx-1 binding sites resulted in a approximately 50% reduction in fusion gene expression. These data suggest that the same group of islet-enriched transcription factors, namely Pdx-1, Pax-6, MafA, BETA2, and Foxa2, directly or indirectly regulate expression of the two major autoantigens in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Richard M. O’Brien
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, 8415 MRB IV, 2213 Garland Ave, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN 37232-0615, Telephone (615) 936-1503; Facsimile (615) 322-7236, E-mail:
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Schilling MM, Oeser JK, Chandy JK, Flemming BP, Allen SR, O’Brien RM. Sequence variation between the mouse and human glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit gene promoters results in differential activation by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha. Diabetologia 2008; 51:1505-14. [PMID: 18563384 PMCID: PMC2590337 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-1050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6PC) plays a key role in hepatic glucose production by catalysing the final step in gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) stimulates mouse G6pc-luciferase fusion gene expression through hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha (HNF-4alpha), which binds an element located between -76 and -64 in the promoter. The aim of this study was to compare the regulation of mouse G6pc and human G6PC gene expression by PGC-1alpha. METHODS PGC-1alpha action was analysed by transient transfection and gel retardation assays. RESULTS In H4IIE cells, PGC-1alpha alone failed to stimulate human G6PC-luciferase fusion gene expression even though the sequence of the -76 to -64 HNF-4alpha binding site is perfectly conserved in the human promoter. This difference could be explained, in part, by a 3 bp sequence variation between the mouse and human promoters. Introducing the human sequence into the mouse G6pc promoter reduced PGC-1alpha-stimulated fusion gene expression, whereas the inverse experiment, in which the mouse sequence was introduced into the human G6PC promoter, resulted in the generation of a G6PC-luciferase fusion gene that was now induced by PGC-1alpha. This critical 3 bp region is located immediately adjacent to a consensus nuclear hormone receptor half-site that is perfectly conserved between the mouse G6pc and human G6PC promoters. Gel retardation experiments revealed that this 3 bp region influences the affinity of HNF-4alpha binding to the half-site. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These observations suggest that PGC-1alpha may be more important in the control of mouse G6pc than human G6PC gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Richard M. O’Brien
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, 8415 MRB IV, 2213 Garland Ave, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN 37232-0615, Telephone (615) 936-1503; Facsimile (615) 322-7236, E-mail:
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Wang Y, Flemming BP, Martin CC, Allen SR, Walters J, Oeser JK, Hutton JC, O'Brien RM. Long-range enhancers are required to maintain expression of the autoantigen islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein in adult mouse islets in vivo. Diabetes 2008; 57:133-41. [PMID: 17942825 DOI: 10.2337/db07-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein (IGRP) is selectively expressed in islet beta-cells and is a major autoantigen in both mouse and human type 1 diabetes. This study describes the use of a combination of transgenic and transfection approaches to characterize the gene regions that confer the islet-specific expression of IGRP. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Transgenic mice were generated containing the IGRP promoter sequence from -306, -911, or -3911 to +3 ligated to a LacZ reporter gene. Transgene expression was monitored by 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside staining of pancreatic tissue. RESULTS In all the transgenic mice, robust LacZ expression was detected in newborn mouse islets, but expression became mosaic as animals aged, suggesting that additional elements are required for the maintenance of IGRP gene expression. VISTA analyses identified two conserved regions in the distal IGRP promoter and one in the third intron. Transfection experiments demonstrated that all three regions confer enhanced luciferase reporter gene expression in beta TC-3 cells when ligated to a minimal IGRP promoter. A transgene containing all three conserved regions was generated by using a bacterial recombination strategy to insert a LacZ cassette into exon 5 of the IGRP gene. Transgenic mice containing a 15-kbp fragment of the IGRP gene were then generated. This transgene conferred LacZ expression in newborn mouse islets; however, expression was still suppressed as animals aged. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that long-range enhancers 5' or 3' of the IGRP gene are required for the maintenance of IGRP gene expression in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingda Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, 761 PRB, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN 37232-0615, USA
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