1
|
Chua K, Tan A, Saw S, Lai G, Tan W, Jain A, Rajasekaran T, Chia B, Li Y, Fong K, Siow T, Ng Q, Thiagarajan A, Kanesvaran R, Ng W, Yap S, Kalashnikova E, Aleshin A, Skanderup A, Lim WT, Yip C, Tan S, Tan D, Ang MK. P2.13-02 Dynamic Tracking of Bespoke Circulating Tumour DNA During Multi-Modality Therapy for Locally Advanced NSCLC (LA-NSCLC). J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
2
|
Lim J, Huang D, Tang T, Cai Q, Tan D, Laurensia Y, Chia B, Rou-Jun P, Pang W, Cheah D, Ng C, Hong H, Tan J, Feng L, Chen J, Han B, Guo Y, Goh Y, Rötzschke O, Cheng C, Au-Yeung R, Chan T, Ng S, Kwong Y, Hwang W, Chng W, Tousseyn T, Tan P, Teh B, Khor C, Rozen S, Bei J, Lin T, Lim S, Ong C. WHOLE-GENOME SEQUENCING REVEALS IMMUNOTHERAPEUTIC OPTIONS FOR NATURAL-KILLER/T CELL LYMPHOMA PATIENTS. Hematol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.19_2630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
3
|
Khee Ming T, Chia B, Lim J, Khoo L, Cheng C, Tan L, Chan J, Poon E, Somasundaram N, Farid M, Tang T, Tao M, Cheah D, Laurensia Y, Pang J, Kim S, Kim W, Ong C, Lim S, Song T. Peripheral blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in NK/T-cell lymphoma - prognostic significance and correlation with tumor transcriptomic profiles. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy437.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
4
|
Lee C, Chua G, Zheng H, Soon Y, Foo L, Thiagarajan A, Yap S, Siow T, Ng W, Chua K, Yip C, Chia B, Ng Y, Master Z, Tan P, Tan Y, Leong Y, Loria J, Vellayappan B, Koh W, Leong C, Tey J, Tham I, Fong K. P2.01-63 Are Heart Doses Associated with Survival in NSCLC Treated with Post-Operative Radiotherapy? A National Population-Based Study. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
5
|
Chia B, Ng W, Yap S, Chua K, Yip C, Thiagarajan A, Siow T, Fong K. P3.08-07 An Institution Review of Outcomes of Lung Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in Various Oligometastatic Disease States. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.1757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
6
|
Symonds EL, Peiris M, Page AJ, Chia B, Dogra H, Masding A, Galanakis V, Atiba M, Bulmer D, Young RL, Blackshaw LA. Mechanisms of activation of mouse and human enteroendocrine cells by nutrients. Gut 2015; 64:618-26. [PMID: 25015642 PMCID: PMC4392230 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-306834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inhibition of food intake and glucose homeostasis are both promoted when nutrients stimulate enteroendocrine cells (EEC) to release gut hormones. Several specific nutrient receptors may be located on EEC that respond to dietary sugars, amino acids and fatty acids. Bypass surgery for obesity and type II diabetes works by shunting nutrients to the distal gut, where it increases activation of nutrient receptors and mediator release, but cellular mechanisms of activation are largely unknown. We determined which nutrient receptors are expressed in which gut regions and in which cells in mouse and human, how they are associated with different types of EEC, how they are activated leading to hormone and 5-HT release. DESIGN AND RESULTS mRNA expression of 17 nutrient receptors and EEC mediators was assessed by quantitative PCR and found throughout mouse and human gut epithelium. Many species similarities emerged, in particular the dense expression of several receptors in the distal gut. Immunolabelling showed specific colocalisation of receptors with EEC mediators PYY and GLP-1 (L-cells) or 5-HT (enterochromaffin cells). We exposed isolated proximal colonic mucosa to specific nutrients, which recruited signalling pathways within specific EEC extracellular receptor-regulated kinase (p-ERK) and calmodulin kinase II (pCAMKII), as shown by subsequent immunolabelling, and activated release of these mediators. Aromatic amino acids activated both pathways in mouse, but in humans they induced only pCAMKII, which was colocalised mainly with 5-HT expression. Activation was pertussis toxin-sensitive. Fatty acid (C12) potently activated p-ERK in human in all EEC types and evoked potent release of all three mediators. CONCLUSIONS Specific nutrient receptors associate with distinct activation pathways within EEC. These may provide discrete, complementary pharmacological targets for intervention in obesity and type II diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Symonds
- Nerve-Gut Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Madusha Peiris
- Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Amanda J Page
- Nerve-Gut Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bridgette Chia
- Nerve-Gut Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Harween Dogra
- Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Abigail Masding
- Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Vasileios Galanakis
- Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Michael Atiba
- Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - David Bulmer
- Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Richard L Young
- Nerve-Gut Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - L Ashley Blackshaw
- Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK,Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nguyen NQ, Debreceni TL, Bambrick JE, Chia B, Wishart J, Deane AM, Rayner CK, Horowitz M, Young RL. Accelerated intestinal glucose absorption in morbidly obese humans: relationship to glucose transporters, incretin hormones, and glycemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:968-76. [PMID: 25423571 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-3144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Intestinal glucose absorption is mediated by sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT-1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), which are linked to sweet taste receptor (STR) signaling and incretin responses. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine intestinal glucose absorption in morbidly obese humans and its relationship to the expression of STR and glucose transporters, glycemia, and incretin responses. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Seventeen nondiabetic, morbidly obese subjects (body mass index [BMI], 48 ± 4 kg/m(2)) and 11 lean controls (BMI, 25 ± 1 kg/m(2)) underwent endoscopic duodenal biopsies before and after a 30-minute intraduodenal glucose infusion (30 g glucose and 3 g 3-O-methylglucose [3-OMG]). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Blood glucose and plasma concentrations of 3-OMG, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), insulin, and glucagon were measured over 270 minutes. Expression of duodenal SGLT-1, GLUT2, and STR (T1R2) was quantified by PCR. RESULTS The increase in plasma 3-OMG (P < .001) and blood glucose (P < .0001) were greater in obese than lean subjects. Plasma 3-OMG correlated directly with blood glucose (r = 0.78, P < .01). In response to intraduodenal glucose, plasma GIP (P < .001), glucagon (P < .001), and insulin (P < .001) were higher, but GLP-1 (P < .001) was less in the obese compared with lean. Expression of SGLT-1 (P = .035), but not GLUT2 or T1R2, was higher in the obese, and related to peak plasma 3-OMG (r = 0.60, P = .01), GIP (r = 0.67, P = .003), and insulin (r = 0.58, P = .02). CONCLUSIONS In morbid obesity, proximal intestine glucose absorption is accelerated and related to increased SGLT-1 expression, leading to an incretin-glucagon profile promoting hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia. These findings are consistent with the concept that accelerated glucose absorption in the proximal gut underlies the foregut theory of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nam Q Nguyen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (N.Q.N., T.L.D., J.E.B., C.K.R.), Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia; Discipline of Medicine (N.Q.N., J.W., A.M.D., C.K.R., M.H., R.L.Y.), University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia; Nerve-Gut Research Laboratory (B.C., R.L.Y.), Hanson Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia; and Intensive Care Unit (A.M.D.), Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nguyen NQ, Debreceni TL, Bambrick JE, Chia B, Deane AM, Wittert G, Rayner CK, Horowitz M, Young RL. Upregulation of intestinal glucose transporters after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass to prevent carbohydrate malabsorption. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:2164-71. [PMID: 24990218 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on the expression of intestinal sweet taste receptors (STRs), glucose transporters (GTs), glucose absorption, and glycemia. METHODS Intestinal biopsies were collected for mRNA expression of STR (T1R2) and GTs (SGLT-1 and GLUT2) from 11 non-diabetic RYGB, 13 non-diabetic obese, and 11 healthy subjects, at baseline and following a 30 min small intestinal (SI) glucose infusion (30 g/150 ml water with 3 g 3-O-methyl-d-glucopyranose (3-OMG)). Blood glucose, plasma 3-OMG, and insulin were measured for 270 min. RESULTS In RYGB patients, expression of both GTs was ∼2-fold higher at baseline and after glucose infusion than those of morbidly obese or healthy subjects (P < 0.001). STR expressions were comparable amongst the groups. Peak plasma 3-OMG in both RYGB (r = 0.69, P = 0.01) and obese (r = 0.72, P = 0.005) correlated with baseline expression of SGLT-1, as was the case with peak blood glucose in RYGB subjects (r = 0.69, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The upregulated intestinal GTs in RYGB patients are associated with increased glucose absorption when glucose is delivered at a physiological rate, suggesting a molecular adaptation to prevent carbohydrate malabsorption from rapid intestinal transit after RYGB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nam Q Nguyen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia; Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Deane AM, Rayner CK, Keeshan A, Cvijanovic N, Marino Z, Nguyen NQ, Chia B, Summers MJ, Sim JA, van Beek T, Chapman MJ, Horowitz M, Young RL. The effects of critical illness on intestinal glucose sensing, transporters, and absorption. Crit Care Med 2014; 42:57-65. [PMID: 23963126 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e318298a8af] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Providing effective enteral nutrition is important during critical illness. In health, glucose is absorbed from the small intestine via sodium-dependent glucose transporter-1 and glucose transporter-2, which may both be regulated by intestinal sweet taste receptors. We evaluated the effect of critical illness on glucose absorption and expression of intestinal sodium-dependent glucose transporter-1, glucose transporter-2, and sweet taste receptors in humans and mice. DESIGN Prospective observational study in humans and mice. SETTING ICU and university-affiliated research laboratory. SUBJECTS Human subjects were 12 critically ill patients and 12 healthy controls. In the laboratory 16-week-old mice were studied. INTERVENTIONS Human subjects underwent endoscopy. Glucose (30 g) and 3-O-methylglucose (3 g), used to estimate glucose absorption, were infused intraduodenally over 30 minutes. Duodenal mucosa was biopsied before and after infusion. Mice were randomized to cecal ligation and puncture to model critical illness (n = 16) or sham laparotomy (control) (n = 8). At day 5, mice received glucose (100 mg) and 3-O-methylglucose (10 mg) infused intraduodenally prior to mucosal tissue collection. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure absolute (human) and relative levels of sodium-dependent glucose transporter-1, glucose transporter-2, and taste receptor type 1 member 2 (T1R2) transcripts. Blood samples were assayed for 3-O-methylglucose to estimate glucose absorption. Glucose absorption was three-fold lower in critically ill humans than in controls (p = 0.002) and reduced by a similar proportion in cecal ligation and puncture mice (p = 0.004). In critically ill patients, duodenal levels of sodium-dependent glucose transporter-1, glucose transporter-2, and T1R2 transcript were reduced 49% (p < 0.001), 50% (p = 0.009), and 85% (p = 0.007), whereas in the jejunum of cecal ligation and puncture mice sodium-dependent glucose transporter-1, glucose transporter-2, and T1R2 transcripts were reduced by 55% (p < 0.001), 50% (p = 0.002), and 69% (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Critical illness is characterized by markedly diminished glucose absorption, associated with reduced intestinal expression of glucose transporters (sodium-dependent glucose transporter-1 and glucose transporter-2) and sweet taste receptor transcripts. These changes are paralleled in cecal ligation and puncture mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Deane
- 1Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. 2Intensive Care Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. 3Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. 4Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. 5Discipline of Medicine, Nerve-Gut Research Laboratory, Level-1 Hanson Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Young RL, Chia B, Isaacs NJ, Ma J, Khoo J, Wu T, Horowitz M, Rayner CK. Disordered control of intestinal sweet taste receptor expression and glucose absorption in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2013; 62:3532-41. [PMID: 23761104 PMCID: PMC3781477 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We previously established that the intestinal sweet taste receptors (STRs), T1R2 and T1R3, were expressed in distinct epithelial cells in the human proximal intestine and that their transcript levels varied with glycemic status in patients with type 2 diabetes. Here we determined whether STR expression was 1) acutely regulated by changes in luminal and systemic glucose levels, 2) disordered in type 2 diabetes, and 3) linked to glucose absorption. Fourteen healthy subjects and 13 patients with type 2 diabetes were studied twice, at euglycemia (5.2 ± 0.2 mmol/L) or hyperglycemia (12.3 ± 0.2 mmol/L). Endoscopic biopsy specimens were collected from the duodenum at baseline and after a 30-min intraduodenal glucose infusion of 30 g/150 mL water plus 3 g 3-O-methylglucose (3-OMG). STR transcripts were quantified by RT-PCR, and plasma was assayed for 3-OMG concentration. Intestinal STR transcript levels at baseline were unaffected by acute variations in glycemia in healthy subjects and in type 2 diabetic patients. T1R2 transcript levels increased after luminal glucose infusion in both groups during euglycemia (+5.8 × 10(4) and +5.8 × 10(4) copies, respectively) but decreased in healthy subjects during hyperglycemia (-1.4 × 10(4) copies). T1R2 levels increased significantly in type 2 diabetic patients under the same conditions (+6.9 × 10(5) copies). Plasma 3-OMG concentrations were significantly higher in type 2 diabetic patients than in healthy control subjects during acute hyperglycemia. Intestinal T1R2 expression is reciprocally regulated by luminal glucose in health according to glycemic status but is disordered in type 2 diabetes during acute hyperglycemia. This defect may enhance glucose absorption in type 2 diabetic patients and exacerbate postprandial hyperglycemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard L. Young
- Nerve-Gut Research Laboratory, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Corresponding author: Richard L. Young,
| | - Bridgette Chia
- Nerve-Gut Research Laboratory, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nicole J. Isaacs
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jing Ma
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Joan Khoo
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Tongzhi Wu
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Horowitz
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher K. Rayner
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chia B, Tan A, Tey H. Primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis: association with atopic dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013; 28:810-3. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Chia
- Internal Medicine; Tan Tock Seng Hospital; Singapore Singapore
| | - A. Tan
- Annenberg School for Communication; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - H.L. Tey
- Dermatology; National Skin Centre; Singapore Singapore
| |
Collapse
|