1
|
Krug C, Chazelle E, Tarantola A, Noël H, Spaccaferri G, Parent du Châtelet I, Zanetti L, Lahbib H, Fayad M, Lot F, De Valk H, Che D, Coignard B, Mailles A, Barret AS. History of smallpox vaccination and marked clinical expression of mpox among cases notified in France from May to July 2022. Clin Microbiol Infect 2024:S1198-743X(24)00169-1. [PMID: 38588877 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2024.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to estimate the effect of reported history of smallpox vaccination prior to 1980 on clinical expression of mpox. METHODS We included all confirmed mpox cases identified by the national mpox surveillance system in France between May and July 2022. Cases tested positive for monkeypox virus or orthopoxviruses by PCR. Cases were interviewed by phone using a questionnaire documenting demographics, symptoms and exposures. To estimate the effect of smallpox vaccination on the presence of marked mpox symptoms (association of fever, lymphadenopathy and extensive mucocutaneous lesions), we estimated prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CIs using Poisson regression models with robust standard errors. RESULTS There were 1888 confirmed mpox cases with date of symptom onset between 7 May and 31 July 2022. Overall, 7% (93/1394) presented marked mpox symptoms. Among patients who provided information about their vaccination status, 14% (207/1469) reported smallpox vaccination prior to 1980. The proportion of cases with marked symptoms was 2% (3/170) among those reporting smallpox vaccination prior to 1980 and 8% (76/974) among those who reported no vaccination. The proportion of marked symptoms was four times lower among cases reporting previous smallpox vaccination than in cases reporting no vaccination (PR, 0.24; 95% CI: 0.08-0.76). There was no evidence of an effect of smallpox vaccination on development of complications (PR, 0.65; 95% CI: 0.35-1.22) or hospitalization due to mpox (PR, 0.64; 95% CI: 0.23-1.80). DISCUSSION Our results suggest that smallpox vaccination during childhood attenuated the clinical expression of monkeypox virus infection, but there was no evidence of an effect on complications or hospitalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Krug
- Santé Publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France; ECDC Fellowship Program, Field Epidemiology Path (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden.
| | - Emilie Chazelle
- Santé Publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Arnaud Tarantola
- Santé Publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Harold Noël
- Santé Publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | | | | | - Laura Zanetti
- Santé Publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Hana Lahbib
- Santé Publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Myriam Fayad
- Santé Publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Florence Lot
- Santé Publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Henriette De Valk
- Santé Publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Didier Che
- Santé Publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Bruno Coignard
- Santé Publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Alexandra Mailles
- Santé Publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Barret
- Santé Publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Krug C, Tarantola A, Chazelle E, Fougère E, Velter A, Guinard A, Souares Y, Mercier A, François C, Hamdad K, Tan-Lhernould L, Balestier A, Lahbib H, Etien N, Bernillon P, De Lauzun V, Durand J, Fayad M, De Valk H, Beck F, Che D, Coignard B, Lot F, Mailles A. Mpox outbreak in France: epidemiological characteristics and sexual behaviour of cases aged 15 years or older, 2022. Euro Surveill 2023; 28:2200923. [PMID: 38099346 PMCID: PMC10831416 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2023.28.50.2200923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundLocally-acquired mpox cases were rarely reported outside Africa until May 2022, when locally-acquired-mpox cases occurred in various European countries.AimWe describe the mpox epidemic in France, including demographic and behavioural changes among a subset of cases, during its course.MethodsData were retrieved from the enhanced national surveillance system until 30 September 2022. Laboratory-confirmed cases tested positive for monkeypox virus or orthopoxviruses by PCR; non-laboratory-confirmed cases had clinical symptoms and an epidemiological link to a laboratory-confirmed case. A subset of ≥ 15-year-old male cases, notified until 1 August, was interviewed for epidemiological, clinical and sexual behaviour information. Association of symptom-onset month with quantitative outcomes was evaluated by t- or Wilcoxon tests, and with binary outcomes, by Pearson's chi-squared or Fisher exact tests.ResultsA total of 4,856 mpox cases were notified, mostly in Île-de-France region (62%; 3,025/4,855). Cases aged ≥ 15 years were predominantly male (97%; 4,668/4,812), with 37 years (range: 15-81) as mean age. Between May and July, among the subset interviewed, mpox cases increased in regions other than Île-de-France, and mean age rose from 35 (range: 21-64) to 38 years (range: 16-75; p = 0.007). Proportions of cases attending men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) meeting venues declined from 60% (55/91) to 46% (164/359; p = 0.012); median number of sexual partners decreased from four (interquartile range (IQR): 1-10) to two (IQR: 1-4; p < 0.001).ConclusionChanges in cases' characteristics during the epidemic, could reflect virus spread from people who were more to less behaviourally vulnerable to mpox between May and July, or MSM reducing numbers of sexual partners as recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Krug
- Santé publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
- ECDC Fellowship Program, Field Epidemiology path (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden
- These first authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Arnaud Tarantola
- Santé publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
- These first authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Emilie Chazelle
- Santé publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
- These first authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Erica Fougère
- Santé publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Annie Velter
- Santé publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM), Marseille, France
| | - Anne Guinard
- Santé publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Yvan Souares
- Santé publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Anna Mercier
- Santé publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Céline François
- Santé publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Katia Hamdad
- Santé publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | | | - Anita Balestier
- Santé publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Hana Lahbib
- Santé publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Nicolas Etien
- Santé publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Pascale Bernillon
- Santé publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Virginie De Lauzun
- Santé publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Julien Durand
- Santé publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Myriam Fayad
- Santé publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Henriette De Valk
- Santé publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - François Beck
- Santé publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
- Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Inserm U1018, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin (UVSQ), Villejuif, France
| | - Didier Che
- Santé publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Bruno Coignard
- Santé publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Florence Lot
- Santé publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
- These authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Alexandra Mailles
- Santé publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
- These authors contributed equally to this article
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Padget M, Adam P, Dorfmuller M, Blondel C, Campos-Matos I, Fayad M, Mateo-Urdiales A, Mesher D, Pistol A, Rebolledo J, Riccardo F, Riess M, Rusu LC, Che D, Coignard B. A comparison of COVID-19 incidence rates across six European countries in 2021. Euro Surveill 2023; 28:2300088. [PMID: 37796443 PMCID: PMC10557383 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2023.28.40.2300088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
International comparisons of COVID-19 incidence rates have helped gain insights into the characteristics of the disease, benchmark disease impact, shape public health measures and inform potential travel restrictions and border control measures. However, these comparisons may be biased by differences in COVID-19 surveillance systems and approaches to reporting in each country. To better understand these differences and their impact on incidence comparisons, we collected data on surveillance systems from six European countries: Belgium, England, France, Italy, Romania and Sweden. Data collected included: target testing populations, access to testing, case definitions, data entry and management and statistical approaches to incidence calculation. Average testing, incidence and contextual data were also collected. Data represented the surveillance systems as they were in mid-May 2021. Overall, important differences between surveillance systems were detected. Results showed wide variations in testing rates, access to free testing and the types of tests recorded in national databases, which may substantially limit incidence comparability. By systematically including testing information when comparing incidence rates, these comparisons may be greatly improved. New indicators incorporating testing or existing indicators such as death or hospitalisation will be important to improving international comparisons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ines Campos-Matos
- COVID Vaccines and Epidemiology, UK Health Security Agency, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - David Mesher
- International COVID Team, UK Health Security Agency, United Kingdom
| | - Adriana Pistol
- National Institute of Public Health Bucharest, Romania
- University of Medicine "Carol Davila" Bucharest, Romania
| | - Javiera Rebolledo
- Department of epidemiology and infectious diseases, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Flavia Riccardo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Didier Che
- Santé Publique France, Saint Maurice, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rondinaud E, Clermont O, Petitjean M, Ruppé E, Esposito-Farèse M, Nazimoudine A, Coignard B, Matheron S, Andremont A, Denamur E, Armand-Lefevre L. Acquisition of Enterobacterales carrying the colistin resistance gene mcr following travel to the tropics. J Travel Med 2023; 30:6851135. [PMID: 36444951 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taac141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colistin is an antibiotic of last resort in the management of highly drug-resistant Enterobacterales infections. Travel to some destinations presents a high risk of acquiring multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales, but little data are available on the risk of acquiring colistin-resistant strains. Here, we use the VOYAG-R sample collection (2012-2013) in order to evaluate the rate of acquisition of colistin-resistant Enterobacterales, excluding species with intrinsic resistance (CRE), following travel to tropical regions. METHODS A total of 574 frozen stool samples of travellers returning from tropical regions were screened for colistin-resistant strains using ChromID Colistin R agar (bioMerieux®) after pre-enrichment culture with 1 mg/L of colistin. Genomes were obtained by Illumina sequencing and genetic determinants of colistin resistance (mutational events and mcr genes) were searched. RESULTS A total of 22 travellers (3.8%) acquired colistin-resistant Enterobacterales carrying an mcr gene. Acquisition rates varied between visited regions: 9.2% (18/195) for Asia (southeast Asia: 17/18), 2.2% (4/184) for Latin America (Peru: 4/4) and 0% from Africa (0/195). Acquired strains were predominantly Escherichia coli (92%) and carried mostly the mcr-1 variant (83%). Escherichia coli strains belonged mainly to commensal phylogroups A and B1, and were genetically highly diverse (5 non-clonal sequence type (ST)10 and 17 ST singletons). Only four non mcr colistin-resistant strains (two E. coli and two Enterobacter cloacae complex) were identified. Among all the strains, two also carried extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes. CONCLUSIONS Travel to tropical regions, and particularly to Southeast Asia, is a risk factor for the acquisition of mcr-carrying Enterobacterales. This study highlights the community dissemination of mcr in humans as early as 2012, 4 years prior to its first published description.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Rondinaud
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP Nord-Université Paris Cité, F-75018 Paris, France
- University of Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1137 IAME, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Clermont
- University of Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1137 IAME, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Marie Petitjean
- University of Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1137 IAME, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Etienne Ruppé
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP Nord-Université Paris Cité, F-75018 Paris, France
- University of Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1137 IAME, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Marina Esposito-Farèse
- URC HUPNVS, Paris, France; INSERM CIC 1425-EC, UMR1123, Clinical Investigation Center, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP Nord-Université Paris Cité, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Anissa Nazimoudine
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP Nord-Université Paris Cité, F-75018 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Sophie Matheron
- University of Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1137 IAME, F-75018 Paris, France
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP Nord-Paris Cité University, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Antoine Andremont
- University of Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1137 IAME, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Erick Denamur
- University of Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1137 IAME, F-75018 Paris, France
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP Nord-Université Paris Cité, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Armand-Lefevre
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP Nord-Université Paris Cité, F-75018 Paris, France
- University of Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1137 IAME, F-75018 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pulcini C, Berger-Carbonne A, Coignard B, Salomon J, Salomon J. National Antibiotic Resistance Strategy for Human Health in France. China CDC Wkly 2022; 4:1097-1100. [PMID: 36751661 PMCID: PMC9889227 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2022.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Pulcini
- The Ministerial Mission for the Prevention of Infections and Antibiotic Resistance, Ministry of Health and Prevention, Paris, France
| | - Anne Berger-Carbonne
- Infectious Diseases Division, French National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Bruno Coignard
- Infectious Diseases Division, French National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Jérôme Salomon
- French Chief Medical Officer, General Director for Health, WHO EB Member, HERA Board Member, Ministry of Health and Prevention, Paris, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Auvigne V, Vaux S, Strat YL, Schaeffer J, Fournier L, Tamandjou C, Montagnat C, Coignard B, Levy-Bruhl D, Parent du Châtelet I. Severe hospital events following symptomatic infection with Sars-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variants in France, December 2021-January 2022: A retrospective, population-based, matched cohort study. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 48:101455. [PMID: 35611065 PMCID: PMC9121907 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A rapid increase in incidence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (sub-lineage BA.1) occurred in France in December 2021, while the Delta variant was prevailing since July 2021. We aimed to determine whether the risk of a severe hospital event following symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection differs for Omicron versus Delta. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study to compare severe hospital events (admission to intensive care unit or death) between Omicron and Delta symptomatic cases matched according to week of virological diagnosis and age. The analysis was adjusted for age, sex, vaccination status, presence of comorbidities and region of residence, using Cox proportional hazards model. Findings Between 06/12/2021-28/01/2022, 184 364 cases were included, of which 931 had a severe hospital event (822 Delta, 109 Omicron). The risk of severe event was lower among Omicron versus Delta cases; the difference in severity between the two variants decreased with age (adjusted Hazard Ratio (aHR)=0·13 95%CI: 0·08-0·20 among 40-64 years, aHR=0·50 95%CI: 0·26-0.98 among 80+ years). The risk of severe event increased with the presence of comorbidities (for very-high-risk comorbidity, aHR=4·15 95%CI: 2·86-6·01 among 40-64 years) and in males (aHR=2·28 95%CI: 1·82-2·85among 40-64 years) and was higher in unvaccinated compared to primo-vaccinated (aHR=7·29 95%CI: 5·58-9·54 among 40-64 years). A booster dose reduced the risk of severe hospital event in 80+ years infected with Omicron (aHR=0·29; 95%CI: 0·12-0·69). Interpretation This study confirms the lower severity of Omicron compared to Delta. However, the difference in disease severity is less marked in the elderly. Further studies are needed to better understand the interactions between age and severity of variants. Funding The study was performed as part of routine work at Public Health France.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Auvigne
- Santé publique France, 12 rue du Val d'Osne, Saint-Maurice 94415 France
| | - Sophie Vaux
- Santé publique France, 12 rue du Val d'Osne, Saint-Maurice 94415 France
| | - Yann Le Strat
- Santé publique France, 12 rue du Val d'Osne, Saint-Maurice 94415 France
| | - Justine Schaeffer
- Santé publique France, 12 rue du Val d'Osne, Saint-Maurice 94415 France
| | - Lucie Fournier
- Santé publique France, 12 rue du Val d'Osne, Saint-Maurice 94415 France
| | - Cynthia Tamandjou
- Santé publique France, 12 rue du Val d'Osne, Saint-Maurice 94415 France
| | | | - Bruno Coignard
- Santé publique France, 12 rue du Val d'Osne, Saint-Maurice 94415 France
| | - Daniel Levy-Bruhl
- Santé publique France, 12 rue du Val d'Osne, Saint-Maurice 94415 France
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Maisa A, Spaccaferri G, Fournier L, Schaeffer J, Deniau J, Rolland P, Coignard B. First cases of Omicron in France are exhibiting mild symptoms, November 2021-January 2022. Infect Dis Now 2022; 52:160-164. [PMID: 35167979 PMCID: PMC9194534 DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
8
|
Gaymard A, Bosetti P, Feri A, Destras G, Enouf V, Andronico A, Burrel S, Behillil S, Sauvage C, Bal A, Morfin F, Van Der Werf S, Josset L, Blanquart F, Coignard B, Cauchemez S, Lina B. Early assessment of diffusion and possible expansion of SARS-CoV-2 Lineage 20I/501Y.V1 (B.1.1.7, variant of concern 202012/01) in France, January to March 2021. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26. [PMID: 33663644 PMCID: PMC7934223 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2021.26.9.2100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variant 20I/501Y.V1 (VOC-202012/1 or GR/501Y.V1) is concerning given its increased transmissibility. We reanalysed 11,916 PCR-positive tests (41% of all positive tests) performed on 7-8 January 2021 in France. The prevalence of 20I/501Y.V1 was 3.3% among positive tests nationwide and 6.9% in the Paris region. Analysing the recent rise in the prevalence of 20I/501Y.V1, we estimate that, in the French context, 20I/501Y.V1 is 52-69% more transmissible than the previously circulating lineages, depending on modelling assumptions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Gaymard
- These authors contributed equally.,Centre International de recherche en infectiologie (CIRI), Virpath Team, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNR des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la Grippe), Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hopital de la Croix Rousse, HCL, Lyon, France
| | - Paolo Bosetti
- Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR 2000, CNRS, Paris, France.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Adeline Feri
- Santé Publique France, Direction des maladies infectieuses, Saint-Maurice, France.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Gregory Destras
- Centre International de recherche en infectiologie (CIRI), Virpath Team, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNR des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la Grippe), Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hopital de la Croix Rousse, HCL, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Enouf
- CNR des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la Grippe), Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alessio Andronico
- Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR 2000, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Sonia Burrel
- GHU Pitié-Salpêtrière APHP, 83, boulevard de l'hôpital & SU-INSERM UMR_S 1136 Team 3 THERAVIR IPLESP, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Behillil
- CNR des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la Grippe), Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Claire Sauvage
- Santé Publique France, Direction des maladies infectieuses, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Antonin Bal
- Centre International de recherche en infectiologie (CIRI), Virpath Team, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNR des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la Grippe), Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hopital de la Croix Rousse, HCL, Lyon, France
| | - Florence Morfin
- Centre International de recherche en infectiologie (CIRI), Virpath Team, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNR des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la Grippe), Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hopital de la Croix Rousse, HCL, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie Van Der Werf
- CNR des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la Grippe), Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Josset
- Centre International de recherche en infectiologie (CIRI), Virpath Team, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNR des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la Grippe), Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hopital de la Croix Rousse, HCL, Lyon, France
| | -
- The members of the group are listed under Investigators
| | -
- The members of the group are listed under Investigators
| | - François Blanquart
- Infection Antimicrobials Modelling Evolution, UMR 1137, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Coignard
- These senior authors contributed equally.,Santé Publique France, Direction des maladies infectieuses, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Simon Cauchemez
- These senior authors contributed equally.,Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR 2000, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Lina
- These senior authors contributed equally.,Centre International de recherche en infectiologie (CIRI), Virpath Team, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNR des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la Grippe), Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hopital de la Croix Rousse, HCL, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lévy-Bruhl D, Fonteneau L, Vaux S, Barret AS, Antona D, Bonmarin I, Che D, Quelet S, Coignard B. Assessment of the impact of the extension of vaccination mandates on vaccine coverage after 1 year, France, 2019. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 24. [PMID: 31266592 PMCID: PMC6607743 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.26.1900301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
One year after the extension of the childhood vaccination mandates to the 11 routine vaccinations for children under 2 years old, we estimated vaccination coverage through vaccine reimbursement data. Coverage for children born in 2018 has notably increased. Moreover, vaccine coverage for children and for vaccines not concerned by the law have also shown an increasing trend, supporting a positive impact of the ongoing communication strategy on vaccination, beyond the extension of vaccination mandates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sophie Vaux
- Santé publique France, Saint Maurice, France
| | | | | | | | - Didier Che
- Santé publique France, Saint Maurice, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Danis K, Epaulard O, Bénet T, Gaymard A, Campoy S, Botelho-Nevers E, Bouscambert-Duchamp M, Spaccaferri G, Ader F, Mailles A, Boudalaa Z, Tolsma V, Berra J, Vaux S, Forestier E, Landelle C, Fougere E, Thabuis A, Berthelot P, Veil R, Levy-Bruhl D, Chidiac C, Lina B, Coignard B, Saura C. Cluster of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the French Alps, February 2020. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 71:825-832. [PMID: 32277759 PMCID: PMC7184384 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background On 07/02/2020, French Health authorities were informed of a confirmed case of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in an Englishman infected in Singapore who had recently stayed in a chalet in the French Alps. We conducted an investigation to identify secondary cases and interrupt transmission. Methods We defined as a confirmed case a person linked to the chalet with a positive RT-PCR sample for SARS-CoV-2. Results The index case stayed 4 days in the chalet with 10 English tourists and a family of 5 French residents; SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 5 individuals in France, 6 in England (including the index case), and 1 in Spain (overall attack rate in the chalet: 75%). One pediatric case, with picornavirus and influenza A coinfection, visited 3 different schools while symptomatic. One case was asymptomatic, with similar viral load as that of a symptomatic case. Seven days after the first cases were diagnosed, one tertiary case was detected in a symptomatic patient with a positive endotracheal aspirate; all previous and concurrent nasopharyngeal specimens were negative. Additionally, 172 contacts were monitored, including 73 tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions The occurrence in this cluster of one asymptomatic case with similar viral load as a symptomatic patient, suggests transmission potential of asymptomatic individuals. The fact that an infected child did not transmit the disease despite close interactions within schools suggests potential different transmission dynamics in children. Finally, the dissociation between upper and lower respiratory tract results underscores the need for close monitoring of the clinical evolution of suspect Covid-19 cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Danis
- French National Public Health Agency, Department of Infectious Diseases, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Olivier Epaulard
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Fédération d'infectiologie multidisciplinaire de l'Arc Alpin, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche 5075 (UMR 5075), Institut de biologie structurale, Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Bénet
- French National Public Health Agency, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Regional Office, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Gaymard
- Department of Virology, Infective Agents Institute, National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses North Hospital Network, Lyon, France
| | - Séphora Campoy
- Regional Health Agency of Auvergne Rhône Alpes, Lyon, France
| | - Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Lyon, France.,Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, St-Etienne, France
| | - Maude Bouscambert-Duchamp
- Department of Virology, Infective Agents Institute, National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses North Hospital Network, Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Spaccaferri
- French National Public Health Agency, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Regional Office, Lyon, France
| | - Florence Ader
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Department, Croix-Rousse Hospital, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandra Mailles
- French National Public Health Agency, Department of Infectious Diseases, Saint-Maurice, France
| | | | - Violaine Tolsma
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Centre Hospitalier Annecy Genevois, Annecy, France
| | - Julien Berra
- Regional Health Agency of Auvergne Rhône Alpes, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Vaux
- French National Public Health Agency, Department of Infectious Diseases, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Emmanuel Forestier
- Infectious Disease Department, Centre Hospitalier Metropole Savoie, Chambery, France
| | - Caroline Landelle
- Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière et de Gestion des Risques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques, Applications, Grenoble, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5525 (TIMC-IMAG UMR5525), CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Erica Fougere
- French National Public Health Agency, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Regional Office, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandra Thabuis
- French National Public Health Agency, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Regional Office, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Berthelot
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Lyon, France.,Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, St-Etienne, France
| | - Raphael Veil
- Public Health Emergency Operations Center, French Ministry of Health, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Levy-Bruhl
- French National Public Health Agency, Department of Infectious Diseases, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Christian Chidiac
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Department, Croix-Rousse Hospital, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France.,Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), Unité de formation et de recherche (UFR) Lyon Sud-Charles Mérieux, Lyon, France
| | - Bruno Lina
- Department of Virology, Infective Agents Institute, National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses North Hospital Network, Lyon, France
| | - Bruno Coignard
- French National Public Health Agency, Department of Infectious Diseases, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Christine Saura
- French National Public Health Agency, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Regional Office, Lyon, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bernard Stoecklin S, Rolland P, Silue Y, Mailles A, Campese C, Simondon A, Mechain M, Meurice L, Nguyen M, Bassi C, Yamani E, Behillil S, Ismael S, Nguyen D, Malvy D, Lescure FX, Georges S, Lazarus C, Tabaï A, Stempfelet M, Enouf V, Coignard B, Levy-Bruhl D. First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in France: surveillance, investigations and control measures, January 2020. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25. [PMID: 32070465 PMCID: PMC7029452 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.6.2000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2) causing a cluster of respiratory infections (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, was identified on 7 January 2020. The epidemic quickly disseminated from Wuhan and as at 12 February 2020, 45,179 cases have been confirmed in 25 countries, including 1,116 deaths. Strengthened surveillance was implemented in France on 10 January 2020 in order to identify imported cases early and prevent secondary transmission. Three categories of risk exposure and follow-up procedure were defined for contacts. Three cases of COVID-19 were confirmed on 24 January, the first cases in Europe. Contact tracing was immediately initiated. Five contacts were evaluated as at low risk of exposure and 18 at moderate/high risk. As at 12 February 2020, two cases have been discharged and the third one remains symptomatic with a persistent cough, and no secondary transmission has been identified. Effective collaboration between all parties involved in the surveillance and response to emerging threats is required to detect imported cases early and to implement adequate control measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Rolland
- Santé publique France, Direction des régions, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Yassoungo Silue
- Santé publique France, Direction des régions, Cellule Régionale Ile-de-France, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Mailles
- Santé publique France, Direction des maladies infectieuses, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Christine Campese
- Santé publique France, Direction des maladies infectieuses, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Anne Simondon
- Agence Régionale de Santé Ile-de-France, Paris, France
| | | | - Laure Meurice
- Santé publique France, Direction des régions, Cellule Régionale Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathieu Nguyen
- Agence Régionale de Santé Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France
| | - Clément Bassi
- Santé publique France, Direction des régions, Cellule Régionale Ile-de-France, Paris, France
| | | | - Sylvie Behillil
- Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, dont la grippe, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Ismael
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Paris, France
| | - Duc Nguyen
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Bordeaux GeoSentinel Site, Bordeaux, France
| | - Denis Malvy
- UMR 1219, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Bordeaux GeoSentinel Site, Bordeaux, France
| | - François Xavier Lescure
- Université de Paris, IAME, INSERM, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Paris, France
| | - Scarlett Georges
- Santé publique France, Direction des maladies infectieuses, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Clément Lazarus
- Direction Générale de la Santé, Ministère des solidarités et de la santé, Centre opérationnel de réception et de régulation des urgences sanitaires et sociales, Paris, France
| | - Anouk Tabaï
- Santé publique France, Direction alerte et crise, Saint-Maurice, France
| | | | - Vincent Enouf
- Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, dont la grippe, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Coignard
- Santé publique France, Direction des maladies infectieuses, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Daniel Levy-Bruhl
- Santé publique France, Direction des maladies infectieuses, Saint-Maurice, France
| | -
- The members of the investigation team are listed at the end of the article
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Spiteri G, Fielding J, Diercke M, Campese C, Enouf V, Gaymard A, Bella A, Sognamiglio P, Sierra Moros MJ, Riutort AN, Demina YV, Mahieu R, Broas M, Bengnér M, Buda S, Schilling J, Filleul L, Lepoutre A, Saura C, Mailles A, Levy-Bruhl D, Coignard B, Bernard-Stoecklin S, Behillil S, van der Werf S, Valette M, Lina B, Riccardo F, Nicastri E, Casas I, Larrauri A, Salom Castell M, Pozo F, Maksyutov RA, Martin C, Van Ranst M, Bossuyt N, Siira L, Sane J, Tegmark-Wisell K, Palmérus M, Broberg EK, Beauté J, Jorgensen P, Bundle N, Pereyaslov D, Adlhoch C, Pukkila J, Pebody R, Olsen S, Ciancio BC. First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the WHO European Region, 24 January to 21 February 2020. Euro Surveill 2020; 25:2000178. [PMID: 32156327 PMCID: PMC7068164 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.9.2000178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the WHO European Region, COVID-19 surveillance was implemented 27 January 2020. We detail the first European cases. As at 21 February, nine European countries reported 47 cases. Among 38 cases studied, 21 were linked to two clusters in Germany and France, 14 were infected in China. Median case age was 42 years; 25 were male. Late detection of the clusters' index cases delayed isolation of further local cases. As at 5 March, there were 4,250 cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - James Fielding
- World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Christine Campese
- Santé Publique France - Direction des maladies infectieuses, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Vincent Enouf
- Centre national de référence Virus des infections respiratoires, dont la grippe, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Gaymard
- Centre national de référence Virus des infections respiratoires, dont la grippe, Hospices civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Paola Sognamiglio
- Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria José Sierra Moros
- Coordination Centre for Health Alerts and Emergencies. Spanish Ministry of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Yulia V Demina
- Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being (Rospotrebnadzor), Moscow, Russia
| | - Romain Mahieu
- Department of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Common Community Commission, Brussels-Capital Region, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Markku Broas
- Chief Physician, Infection control unit, Lapland Hospital District, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Malin Bengnér
- County Medical Officer, Jönköping Region, Jönköping, Sweden
| | | | | | - Laurent Filleul
- Santé publique France - Direction des régions, Cellule régionale Nouvelle Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France
| | - Agnès Lepoutre
- Santé publique France - Direction des régions, Cellule régionale Ile-de-France, Paris, France
| | - Christine Saura
- Santé publique France - Direction des régions, Cellule régionale Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandra Mailles
- Santé Publique France - Direction des maladies infectieuses, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Daniel Levy-Bruhl
- Santé Publique France - Direction des maladies infectieuses, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Bruno Coignard
- Santé Publique France - Direction des maladies infectieuses, Saint-Maurice, France
| | | | - Sylvie Behillil
- Centre national de référence Virus des infections respiratoires, dont la grippe, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie van der Werf
- Centre national de référence Virus des infections respiratoires, dont la grippe, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Martine Valette
- Centre national de référence Virus des infections respiratoires, dont la grippe, Hospices civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Bruno Lina
- Centre national de référence Virus des infections respiratoires, dont la grippe, Hospices civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Emanuele Nicastri
- Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Inmaculada Casas
- National Centre for Microbiology, WHO-National Influenza Centre, Institute of Health Carlos III. Madrid, Spain
| | - Amparo Larrauri
- National Centre of Epidemiology, CIBERESP, Institute of Health Carlos III. Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Pozo
- National Centre for Microbiology, WHO-National Influenza Centre, Institute of Health Carlos III. Madrid, Spain
| | - Rinat A Maksyutov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Rospotrebnadzor, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Marc Van Ranst
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Bossuyt
- Epidemiology of infectious diseases, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lotta Siira
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Sane
- Infectious Disease Control and Vaccinations Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Eeva K Broberg
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julien Beauté
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pernille Jorgensen
- World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nick Bundle
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dmitriy Pereyaslov
- World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cornelia Adlhoch
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jukka Pukkila
- World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Richard Pebody
- World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sonja Olsen
- World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
- These authors have contributed equally to the manuscript
| | - Bruno Christian Ciancio
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
- These authors have contributed equally to the manuscript
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pillonel J, Pelat C, Tiberghien P, Sauvage C, Danic B, Martinaud C, Barin F, Sainte-Marie I, Coignard B, Gross S, Laperche S, Lot F. The evolving blood donor deferral policy for men who have sex with men: impact on the risk of HIV transmission by transfusion in France. Transfusion 2020; 60:525-534. [PMID: 32027031 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood donation deferral for men who have sex with men (MSM) in France was reduced from permanent to 12 months in July 2016. To inform a further reduction of the deferral period, an HIV risk assessment was conducted with two scenarios: S1, 4-month deferral; S2, 4-month deferral only in the case of more than one sexual partner (i.e., similar to other blood donors). METHODS Baseline HIV residual risk (RR) was calculated from July 2016 to December 2017, using the Incidence Rate-Window Period method. The impact of both scenarios on RR was assessed using data from surveys on MSM and blood donors, to estimate 1) the number of additional MSM expected to donate in each scenario and 2) HIV incidence among these donors. RESULTS Baseline HIV RR was estimated at 1 in 6,380,000 donations. For S1, an additional 733 MSM donors, and an additional 0.09 HIV-positive donations were estimated, yielding an unchanged RR of 1 in 6,300,000. For S2, these numbers were estimated at 3102 and 3.92, respectively, yielding an RR of 1 in 4,300,000. Sensitivity analyses showed that, under worst-case assumptions, the RR would equal 1 in 6,225,000 donations for S1 and 1 in 3,000,000 for S2. CONCLUSION For both scenarios, the HIV RR remains very low. For S1, the risk is identical to the baseline RR. For S2, it is 1.5 times higher, and sensitivity analysis shows that this estimate is less robust than for S1. The French Minister of Health announced that S1 will be implemented in April 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Pillonel
- Santé publique France, Direction des Maladies Infectieuses, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Camille Pelat
- Santé publique France, Direction Appui, Traitements et Analyses de données, Saint-Maurice, France
| | | | - Claire Sauvage
- Santé publique France, Direction des Maladies Infectieuses, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Bruno Danic
- Etablissement Français du Sang de Bretagne, Rennes, France
| | | | - Francis Barin
- CHU Bretonneau & Université François Rabelais, Centre National de Référence du VIH-Laboratoire associé, Inserm U1259, Tours, France
| | - Isabelle Sainte-Marie
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité du Médicament et des produits de santé, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Bruno Coignard
- Santé publique France, Direction des Maladies Infectieuses, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Sylvie Gross
- Etablissement Français du Sang, La Plaine Saint-Denis, France
| | - Syria Laperche
- Centre National de Référence Risques Infectieux Transfusionnels, Institut National de Transfusion Sanguine (INTS), Paris, France
| | - Florence Lot
- Santé publique France, Direction des Maladies Infectieuses, Saint-Maurice, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pillonel J, Pelat C, Sauvage C, Danic B, Martinaud C, Barin F, Sainte-Marie I, Coignard B, Gross S, Tiberghien P, Laperche S, Lot F. Évolution des critères d’ajournement au don du sang pour les hommes ayant des relations sexuelles avec des hommes (HSH) en France : impact sur le risque résiduel VIH. Transfus Clin Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2019.06.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
15
|
Abstract
Defined daily doses (DDD) are the gold standard indicator for quantifying prescriptions. Since 2014, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) has also been using the number of packages per 1,000 inhabitants per day (ipd), as a surrogate for prescriptions, to report antibiotic consumption in the community and to perform comparisons between European Union (EU) countries participating in the European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption Network (ESAC-Net). In 2015, consumption was reported to range across Europe from 1.0 to 4.7 packages per 1,000 ipd. Our analysis showed that consumption of antibiotics for systemic use per 1,000 ipd was on average 1.3 times greater in France than in Belgium when considering prescriptions in the numerator, 2.5 times greater when considering packages and 1.2 times greater when considering DDD. As long as the same metrics are used over time, antibiotic consumption data aggregated and disseminated by ECDC are useful for assessing temporal trends at the European level and within individual countries; these data may also be used for benchmarking across EU countries. While DDD - although imperfect - are the most widely accepted metric for this purpose, antibiotic packages do not appear suitable for comparisons between countries and may be misleading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Watier
- Biostatistics, Biomathematics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Infectious Diseases (B2PHI), Inserm, UVSQ, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Cavalié
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité du Médicament (ANSM), Surveillance Division, Saint Denis, France
| | | | - Christian Brun-Buisson
- Ministère de la Santé, Paris, France.,Biostatistics, Biomathematics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Infectious Diseases (B2PHI), Inserm, UVSQ, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kola A, Wiuff C, Akerlund T, van Benthem BH, Coignard B, Lyytikäinen O, Weitzel-Kage D, Suetens C, Wilcox MH, Kuijper EJ, Gastmeier P. Survey of Clostridium difficile infection surveillance systems in Europe, 2011. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 21:30291. [PMID: 27469420 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2016.21.29.30291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
To develop a European surveillance protocol for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), existing national CDI surveillance systems were assessed in 2011. A web-based electronic form was provided for all national coordinators of the European CDI Surveillance Network (ECDIS-Net). Of 35 national coordinators approached, 33 from 31 European countries replied. Surveillance of CDI was in place in 14 of the 31 countries, comprising 18 different nationwide systems. Three of 14 countries with CDI surveillance used public health notification of cases as the route of reporting, and in another three, reporting was limited to public health notification of cases of severe CDI. The CDI definitions published by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) were widely used, but there were differing definitions to distinguish between community- and healthcare-associated cases. All CDI surveillance systems except one reported annual national CDI rates (calculated as number of cases per patient-days). Only four surveillance systems regularly integrated microbiological data (typing and susceptibility testing results). Surveillance methods varied considerably between countries, which emphasises the need for a harmonised European protocol to allow consistent monitoring of the CDI epidemiology at European level. The results of this survey were used to develop a harmonised EU-wide hospital-based CDI surveillance protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Kola
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
François M, Hanslik T, Dervaux B, Le Strat Y, Souty C, Vaux S, Maugat S, Rondet C, Sarazin M, Heym B, Coignard B, Rossignol L. The economic burden of urinary tract infections in women visiting general practices in France: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Health Serv Res 2016; 16:365. [PMID: 27507292 PMCID: PMC4977873 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-016-1620-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections. Despite this burden, there are few studies of the costs of UTIs. The objective of this study was to determine the costs of UTIs in women over 18 years of age who visit general practitioners in France. Methods The direct and indirect costs of clinical UTIs were estimated from societal, French National Health Insurance and patient perspectives. The study population was derived from a national cross-sectional survey entitled the Drug-Resistant Urinary Tract Infection (Druti). The Druti included every woman over 18 years of age who presented with symptoms of UTI and was conducted in France in 2012 and 2013 to estimate the annual incidence of UTIs due to antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in women visiting general practitioners (GPs) for suspected UTIs. Results Of the 538 women included in Druti, 460 were followed over 8 weeks and included in the cost analysis. The mean age of the women was 46 years old. The median cost of care for one episode of a suspected UTI was €38, and the mean cost was €70. The annual societal cost was €58 million, and €29 million of this was reimbursed by the French National Health Insurance system. In 25 % of the cases, the suspected UTIs were associated with negative urine cultures. The societal cost of these suspected UTIs with negative urine cultures was €13.5 million. No significant difference was found between the costs of the UTIs due to antibiotic-resistant E. coli and those due to wild E. coli (p = 0.63). Conclusion In the current context in which the care costs are continually increasing, the results of this study suggests that it is possible to decrease the cost of UTIs by reducing the costs of suspected UTIs and unnecessary treatments, as well as limiting the use of non-recommended tests. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12913-016-1620-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M François
- Département de médecine générale, Faculté des sciences de la santé Simone Veille, Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78180, Montigny le Bretonneux, France. .,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), F75012, Paris, France.
| | - T Hanslik
- Hopital universitaire Ambroise Paré AP-HP, 9, avenue Charles-de-Gaulle, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 55 Avenue de Paris, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - B Dervaux
- Faculté de médecine, CHRU, Lille, France
| | - Y Le Strat
- Institut de Veille Sanitaire, 12, rue du Val d'Osne, 94415, Saint-Maurice cedex, France
| | - C Souty
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), F75012, Paris, France
| | - S Vaux
- Institut de Veille Sanitaire, 12, rue du Val d'Osne, 94415, Saint-Maurice cedex, France
| | - S Maugat
- Institut de Veille Sanitaire, 12, rue du Val d'Osne, 94415, Saint-Maurice cedex, France
| | - C Rondet
- Département de médecine générale, Faculté de médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - M Sarazin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), F75012, Paris, France
| | - B Heym
- Hopital universitaire Ambroise Paré AP-HP, 9, avenue Charles-de-Gaulle, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - B Coignard
- Institut de Veille Sanitaire, 12, rue du Val d'Osne, 94415, Saint-Maurice cedex, France
| | - L Rossignol
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), F75012, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rossignol L, Vaux S, Maugat S, Blake A, Barlier R, Heym B, Le Strat Y, Blanchon T, Hanslik T, Coignard B. Incidence of urinary tract infections and antibiotic resistance in the outpatient setting: a cross-sectional study. Infection 2016; 45:33-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s15010-016-0910-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
19
|
Price L, Reilly J, Godwin J, Cairns S, Hopkins S, Cookson B, Malcolm W, Hughes G, Lyytikäinen O, Coignard B, Hansen S. A cross-sectional survey of the acceptability of data collection processes for validation of a European point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use. J Infect Prev 2016; 17:122-126. [PMID: 28989467 PMCID: PMC5074206 DOI: 10.1177/1757177416637131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statistical measurements alone are insufficient to ensure robust data for point prevalence surveys (PPS) of healthcare-associated infections (HAI). Data quality is determined by the type of data, data collection methods and available resources. Data collectors' views regarding the acceptability of data collection process for validation studies are also important to consider. AIM To explore data collectors' views on the acceptability of data collection processes used for a European validation PPS of HAI and antimicrobial use (AMU). METHODS An anonymous online survey was conducted with 67 data collectors from 10 European countries involved in the study. FINDINGS Twenty-five (64.1%) participants viewed AMU data collection as easy/quite easy whereas only five (12.8%) thought HAI data collection was easy/quite easy. Six (17%) participants indicated that incentives and 21 (56.8%) that disincentives were possibly/definitely present for reporting cases of HAI. Engagement of staff was not thought to have adversely affected data collection as only one (2.6%) and five (15.4%) participants thought involvement of hospital PPS teams and administration was low/very low, respectively. DISCUSSION Participants believed the approaches used were appropriate but that more training was required prior to data collection, some case definitions should be reviewed and the number of variables reduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Price
- Institute for Applied Health Research, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jacqui Reilly
- Institute for Applied Health Research, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jon Godwin
- Institute for Applied Health Research, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Shona Cairns
- Health Protection Scotland, National Services Scotland, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - William Malcolm
- Health Protection Scotland, National Services Scotland, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Bruno Coignard
- Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Saint-Maurice cedex, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Reilly JS, Coignard B, Price L, Godwin J, Cairns S, Hopkins S, Lyytikäinen O, Hansen S, Malcolm W, Hughes GJ. The reliability of the McCabe score as a marker of co-morbidity in healthcare-associated infection point prevalence studies. J Infect Prev 2015; 17:127-129. [PMID: 28989468 DOI: 10.1177/1757177415617245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to ascertain the reliability of the McCabe score in a healthcare-associated infection point prevalence survey. A 10 European Union Member States survey in 20 hospitals (n = 1912) indicated that there was a moderate level of agreement (κ = 0.57) with the score. The reliability of the application of the score could be increased by training data collectors, particularly with reference to the ultimately fatal criteria. This is important if the score is to be used to risk adjust data to drive infection prevention and control interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Reilly
- Institute for Applied Health Research, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - L Price
- Institute for Applied Health Research, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Godwin
- Institute for Applied Health Research, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - S Cairns
- Health Protection Scotland, National Services Scotland, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - S Hansen
- Charité Universitätsmedizin, Germany
| | - W Malcolm
- Health Protection Scotland, National Services Scotland, Glasgow, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rossignol L, Maugat S, Blake A, Vaux S, Heym B, Le Strat Y, Kernéis S, Blanchon T, Coignard B, Hanslik T. Risk factors for resistance in urinary tract infections in women in general practice: A cross-sectional survey. J Infect 2015; 71:302-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
22
|
Ruppé E, Armand-Lefèvre L, Estellat C, Coignard B, Lucet JC, Andremont A, Matheron S. Reply to Collignon and Kennedy. Clin Infect Dis 2015; 61:1767. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
23
|
Ruppé E, Armand-Lefèvre L, Estellat C, Consigny PH, El Mniai A, Boussadia Y, Goujon C, Ralaimazava P, Campa P, Girard PM, Wyplosz B, Vittecoq D, Bouchaud O, Le Loup G, Pialoux G, Perrier M, Wieder I, Moussa N, Esposito-Farèse M, Hoffmann I, Coignard B, Lucet JC, Andremont A, Matheron S. High Rate of Acquisition but Short Duration of Carriage of Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae After Travel to the Tropics. Clin Infect Dis 2015; 61:593-600. [PMID: 25904368 DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (MRE) are widespread in the community, especially in tropical regions. Travelers are at risk of acquiring MRE in these regions, but the precise extent of the problem is not known. METHODS From February 2012 to April 2013, travelers attending 6 international vaccination centers in the Paris area prior to traveling to tropical regions were asked to provide a fecal sample before and after their trip. Those found to have acquired MRE were asked to send fecal samples 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months after their return, or until MRE was no longer detected. The fecal relative abundance of MRE among all Enterobacteriaceae was determined in each carrier. RESULTS Among 824 participating travelers, 574 provided fecal samples before and after travel and were not MRE carriers before departure. Of these, 292 (50.9%) acquired an average of 1.8 MRE. Three travelers (0.5%) acquired carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. The acquisition rate was higher in Asia (142/196 [72.4%]) than in sub-Saharan Africa (93/195 [47.7%]) or Latin America (57/183 [31.1%]). MRE acquisition was associated with the type of travel, diarrhea, and exposure to β-lactams during the travel. Three months after return, 4.7% of the travelers carried MRE. Carriage lasted longer in travelers returning from Asia and in travelers with a high relative abundance of MRE at return. CONCLUSIONS MRE acquisition is very frequent among travelers to tropical regions. Travel to these regions should be considered a risk factor of MRE carriage during the first 3 months after return, but not beyond. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT01526187.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Ruppé
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bichat, Laboratoire de Bactériologie Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Infection, Antimicrobiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1137 Université Paris Diderot, IAME, UMR 1137, Sorbonne Paris Cité
| | - Laurence Armand-Lefèvre
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bichat, Laboratoire de Bactériologie Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Infection, Antimicrobiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1137 Université Paris Diderot, IAME, UMR 1137, Sorbonne Paris Cité
| | - Candice Estellat
- Département d'Epidémiologie et Recherche Clinique, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, URC Paris-Nord INSERM, CIC 1425-EC, UMR 1123 Université Paris Diderot, UMR 1123, Sorbonne Paris Cité
| | | | - Assiya El Mniai
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bichat, Laboratoire de Bactériologie
| | - Yacine Boussadia
- Département d'Epidémiologie et Recherche Clinique, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, URC Paris-Nord INSERM, CIC 1425-EC, UMR 1123
| | - Catherine Goujon
- Institut Pasteur, Centre Médical, Centre d'Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur
| | | | - Pauline Campa
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Paris
| | | | - Benjamin Wyplosz
- AP-HP, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre
| | - Daniel Vittecoq
- AP-HP, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre
| | - Olivier Bouchaud
- AP-HP, Hôpital Avicenne, Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Bobigny
| | | | - Gilles Pialoux
- AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Paris
| | - Marion Perrier
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bichat, Laboratoire de Bactériologie
| | - Ingrid Wieder
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bichat, Laboratoire de Bactériologie
| | - Nabila Moussa
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bichat, Laboratoire de Bactériologie
| | - Marina Esposito-Farèse
- Département d'Epidémiologie et Recherche Clinique, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, URC Paris-Nord INSERM, CIC 1425-EC, UMR 1123
| | - Isabelle Hoffmann
- Département d'Epidémiologie et Recherche Clinique, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, URC Paris-Nord
| | | | - Jean-Christophe Lucet
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Infection, Antimicrobiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1137 Université Paris Diderot, IAME, UMR 1137, Sorbonne Paris Cité AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Unité d'Hygiène et de Lutte contre les Infections Nosocomiales, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Andremont
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bichat, Laboratoire de Bactériologie Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Infection, Antimicrobiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1137 Université Paris Diderot, IAME, UMR 1137, Sorbonne Paris Cité
| | - Sophie Matheron
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Infection, Antimicrobiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1137 Université Paris Diderot, IAME, UMR 1137, Sorbonne Paris Cité AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bitar D, Lortholary O, Le Strat Y, Nicolau J, Coignard B, Tattevin P, Che D, Dromer F. Population-based analysis of invasive fungal infections, France, 2001-2010. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 20:1149-55. [PMID: 24960557 PMCID: PMC4073874 DOI: 10.3201/eid2007.140087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
These infections are underrecognized as a cause of death in the general population and high-risk groups. To determine the epidemiology and trends of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in France, we analyzed incidence, risk factors, and in-hospital death rates related to the most frequent IFIs registered in the national hospital discharge database during 2001–2010. The identified 35,876 IFI cases included candidemia (43.4%), Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (26.1%), invasive aspergillosis (IA, 23.9%), cryptococcosis (5.2%), and mucormycosis (1.5%). The overall incidence was 5.9/100,000 cases/year and the mortality rate was 27.6%; both increased over the period (+1.5%, +2.9%/year, respectively). Incidences substantially increased for candidemia, IA, and mucormycosis. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia incidence decreased among AIDS patients (−14.3%/year) but increased in non-HIV–infected patients (+13.3%/year). Candidemia and IA incidence was increased among patients with hematologic malignancies (>+4%/year) and those with chronic renal failure (>+10%/year). In-hospital deaths substantially increased in some groups, e.g., in those with hematologic malignancies. IFIs occur among a broad spectrum of non–HIV-infected patients and should be a major public health priority.
Collapse
|
25
|
Reilly JS, Price L, Godwin J, Cairns S, Hopkins S, Cookson B, Malcolm W, Hughes G, Lyytikaïnen O, Coignard B, Hansen S, Suetens C, National Participants in the ECDC pilot validation study C. A pilot validation in 10 European Union Member States of a point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in acute hospitals in Europe, 2011. Euro Surveill 2015; 20. [DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.8.21045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Reilly
- Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - L Price
- Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - J Godwin
- Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - S Cairns
- Health Protection Scotland, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - S Hopkins
- Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - B Cookson
- Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
- University College London, United Kingdom (current affiliation)
| | - W Malcolm
- Health Protection Scotland, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - G Hughes
- Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - O Lyytikaïnen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - B Coignard
- Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - S Hansen
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - C Suetens
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Venier AG, Vincent A, L'heriteau F, Floret N, Senechal H, Abiteboul D, Reyreaud E, Coignard B, Parneix P. Surveillance of Occupational Blood and Body Fluid Exposures Among French Healthcare Workers in 2004. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015; 28:1196-201. [PMID: 17828699 DOI: 10.1086/520742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2007] [Accepted: 05/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective.To estimate the incidence rate of reported occupational blood and body fluid exposures among French healthcare workers (HCWs).Design.Prospective national follow-up of HCWs from January 1 to December 31, 2004.Setting.University hospitals, hospitals, clinics, local medical centers, and specialized psychiatric centers were included in the study on a voluntary basis.Participants.At participating medical centers, every reported blood and body fluid exposure was documented by the occupational practitioner in charge of the exposed HCW by use of an anonymous, standardized questionnaire.Results.A total of 375 medical centers (15% of French medical centers, accounting for 29% of hospital beds) reported 13,041 blood and body fluid exposures; of these, 9,396 (72.0%) were needlestick injuries. Blood and body fluid exposures were avoidable in 39.1% of cases (5,091 of 13,020), and 52.2% of percutaneous injuries (4,986 of 9,552) were avoidable (5.9% due to needle recapping). Of 10,656 percutaneous injuries, 22.6% occurred during an injection, 17.9% during blood sampling, and 16.6% during surgery. Of 2,065 splashes, 22.6% occurred during nursing activities, 19.1% during surgery, 14.1% during placement or removal of an intravenous line, and 12.0% during manipulation of a tracheotomy tube. The incidence rates of exposures were 8.9 per 100 hospital beds (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.7-9.0 exposures), 2.2 per 100 full-time—equivalent physicians (95% CI, 2.4-2.6 exposures), and 7.0 per 100 full-time—equivalent nurses (95% CI, 6.8-7.2 exposures). Human immunodeficiency virus serological status was unknown for 2,789 (21.4%) of 13,041 patients who were the source of the blood and body fluid exposures.Conclusion.National surveillance networks for blood and body fluid exposures help to better document their characteristics and risk factors and can enhance prevention at participating medical centers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A G Venier
- Southwestern France Infection Control Coordinating Center, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Grammatico-Guillon L, Thiolet JM, Bernillon P, Coignard B, Khoshnood B, Desenclos JC. Relationship between the Prevalence of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusInfection and Indicators of Nosocomial Infection Control Measures A Population-Based Study in French Hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015; 30:861-9. [DOI: 10.1086/599774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective.To assess whether infection control indicators are associated with the prevalence of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) infection in French hospitals.Methods.We linked the database for the 2006 national prevalence survey of nosocomial infection with the database of infection control indicators (comprised of ICALIN, an indicator of infection control organization, resources, and action, and ICSHA, an indicator of alcohol-based handrub consumption) recorded from hospitals by the Ministry of Health. Data on MRSA infection were obtained from the national prevalence survey database and included the site and origin of infection, the microorganism responsible, and its drug resistance profile. Because the prevalence of MRSA infection was low and often nil, especially in small hospitals, we restricted our analysis to hospitals with at least 300 Patients. We used a multilevel logistic regression model to assess the joint effects of patient-level variables (eg, age, sex, or infection) and hospital-level variables (infection control indicators).Results.Two hundred two hospitals had at least 300 patients, for a total of 128,631 Patients. The overall prevalence of MRSA infection was 0.34% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29%-0.39%). The mean value for ICSHA was 7.8 L per 1,000 patient-days (median, 6.1 L per 1,000 patient-days; range, 0-33 L per 1,000 patient-days). The mean value for ICALIN was 92 of a possible 100 points (median, 94.5;range, 67-100). Multilevel analyses showed that ICALIN scores were associated with the prevalence of MRSA infection (odds ratio for a score change of 1 standard deviation, 0.80;95% CI, 0.69-0.93). We found no association between prevalence of MRSA infection and ICSHA. Other variables significantly associated with the prevalence of MRSA infection were sex, vascular or urinary catheter, previous surgery, and the McCabe score.Conclusions.We found a significant association between the prevalence of MRSA infection and ICALIN that suggested that a higher ICALIN score may be predictive of a lower prevalence of MRSA infection.
Collapse
|
28
|
Jeannot K, Diancourt L, Vaux S, Thouverez M, Ribeiro A, Coignard B, Courvalin P, Brisse S. Molecular epidemiology of carbapenem non-susceptible Acinetobacter baumannii in France. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115452. [PMID: 25517732 PMCID: PMC4269441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii have emerged globally. The objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiology, clonal diversity and resistance mechanisms of imipenem non-susceptible A. baumannii isolates in France. Between December 2010 and August 2011, 132 notifications were collected, including 37 outbreaks corresponding to 242 cases (2 to 55 per cluster). Multilocus sequence typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and characterisation of carbapenemase-encoding genes were performed on 110 non-repetitive isolates. Gene blaOXA-23 was the most frequently detected (82%), followed by blaOXA-24 (11%) and blaOXA-58 (7%). Eleven sequence types (ST) were distinguished, among which sequence types ST1, ST2 (64%), ST20, ST25, ST85 and ST107. Isolates from epidemiological clusters had the same ST and resistance genes, indicating probable transmission within centres. In contrast, PFGE types of isolates differed among centres, arguing against transmission among centers. This study provides the first epidemiological snapshot of the population of A. baumannii with reduced susceptibility to carbapenems from France, and further underlines the predominance of international clones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katy Jeannot
- Institut Pasteur, Centre National de Référence de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, Unité des Agents Antibactériens, Paris, France
| | - Laure Diancourt
- Institut Pasteur, Genotyping of Pathogens and Public Health, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Vaux
- French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (InVS), Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Michelle Thouverez
- Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie et d'Hygiène Hospitalière, CHRU Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France
| | - Amandina Ribeiro
- Institut Pasteur, Centre National de Référence de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, Unité des Agents Antibactériens, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Coignard
- French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (InVS), Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Patrice Courvalin
- Institut Pasteur, Centre National de Référence de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, Unité des Agents Antibactériens, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- Institut Pasteur, Genotyping of Pathogens and Public Health, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR3525, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Paty MC, Six C, Charlet F, Heuzé G, Cochet A, Wiegandt A, Chappert JL, Dejour-Salamanca D, Guinard A, Soler P, Servas V, Vivier-Darrigol M, Ledrans M, Debruyne M, Schaal O, Jeannin C, Helynck B, Leparc-Goffart I, Coignard B. Large number of imported chikungunya cases in mainland France, 2014: a challenge for surveillance and response. Euro Surveill 2014; 19:20856. [DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.28.20856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During the summer of 2014, all the pre-requisites for autochthonous transmission of chikungunya virus are present in southern France: a competent vector, Aedes albopictus, and a large number of travellers returning from the French Caribbean islands where an outbreak is occurring. We describe the system implemented for the surveillance of chikungunya and dengue in mainland France. From 2 May to 4 July 2014, there were 126 laboratory-confirmed imported chikungunya cases in mainland France.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Paty
- French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (Institut de Veille Sanitaire, InVS), Saint-Maurice, France
| | - C Six
- Regional office of the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (Cire Sud), Marseille, France
| | - F Charlet
- Regional Health Agency (ARS) of Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, Marseille, France
| | - G Heuzé
- Regional Health Agency (ARS) of Corsica, Ajaccio, France
| | - A Cochet
- Regional office of the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (Cire Languedoc Roussillon), Montpellier, France
| | - A Wiegandt
- Regional Health Agency (ARS) of Languedoc Roussillon, Montpellier, France
| | - J L Chappert
- Regional office of the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (Cire Rhône Alpes), Lyon, France
| | | | - A Guinard
- Regional office of the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (Cire Midi Pyrénées), Toulouse, France
| | - P Soler
- Regional Health Agency (ARS) of Midi Pyrénées, Toulouse, France
| | - V Servas
- Regional office of the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (Cire Aquitaine), Bordeaux, France
| | | | - M Ledrans
- Regional office of the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (Cire Antilles Guyane), Fort-de-France, France
| | - M Debruyne
- Laboratoire Cerba, Saint-Ouen l’Aumône, France
| | - O Schaal
- Laboratoire Biomnis, Lyon, France
| | - C Jeannin
- EID: Public mosquito control agency, Montpellier, France
| | - B Helynck
- French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (Institut de Veille Sanitaire, InVS), Saint-Maurice, France
| | - I Leparc-Goffart
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, National Reference Laboratory for arboviruses, Marseille, France
| | - B Coignard
- French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (Institut de Veille Sanitaire, InVS), Saint-Maurice, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ruppé E, Armand-Lefèvre L, Estellat C, El-Mniai A, Boussadia Y, Consigny PH, Girard PM, Vittecoq D, Bouchaud O, Pialoux G, Esposito-Farèse M, Coignard B, Lucet JC, Andremont A, Matheron S. Acquisition of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae by healthy travellers to India, France, February 2012 to March 2013. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19. [PMID: 24739981 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.14.20768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Healthy travellers to countries where carbapenemases-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are endemic might be at risk for their acquisition, even without contact with the local healthcare system. Here, we report the acquisition of CPE (two OXA-181, one New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1 (NDM-1)) in three healthy travellers returning from India. The duration of CPE intestinal carriage was less than one month. The results indicate that healthy travellers recently returning from India might be considered as at risk for CPE carriage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Ruppé
- AP-HP, Hopital Bichat, Laboratoire de Bacteriologie, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chen YT, Rabilloud M, Thiolet JM, Coignard B, Metzger MH. Benchmarking French regions according to their prevalence of healthcare-associated infections. Int J Qual Health Care 2013; 25:555-63. [PMID: 23929913 DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzt050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To propose an original method of benchmarking regions based on their prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and to identify regions with unusual results. DESIGN To study between-region variability with a three-level hierarchical logistic regression model and a Bayesian non-parametric method. SETTING French 2006 national HAIs point prevalence survey. PARTICIPANTS A total of 336 858 patients from 2289 healthcare facilities in 27 regions. Patients with an imported HAI (1% of the data, 20.7% of infected patients), facilities with <5 patients and patients who had at least one missing value for the variables taken into account were excluded (5.0% of patients). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Binary outcome variable indicates whether a given patient was infected. RESULTS Two clusters of regions were identified: one cluster of five regions had a lower adjusted prevalence than the other one of 22 regions, while no region with unusually high prevalence could be identified. Nevertheless, the degree of heterogeneity of odds ratios between facilities for facility-specific effects of use of invasive devices was more important in some regions than in others. CONCLUSIONS The adjusted regional prevalence of HAIs can serve as an adequate benchmark to identify regions with concerning results. Although no outlier regions were identified, the proposed approach could be applied to the data of the 2012 national survey to benchmark regional healthcare policies. The estimation of facility-specific effects of use of invasive devices may orient future regional action plans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y T Chen
- Applied Mathematics and Systems Department, École Centrale Paris, 92295 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mailles A, Blanckaert K, Chaud P, van der Werf S, Lina B, Caro V, Campese C, Guéry B, Prouvost H, Lemaire X, Paty MC, Haeghebaert S, Antoine D, Ettahar N, Noel H, Behillil S, Hendricx S, Manuguerra JC, Enouf V, La Ruche G, Semaille C, Coignard B, Lévy-Bruhl D, Weber F, Saura C, Che D. First cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections in France, investigations and implications for the prevention of human-to-human transmission, France, May 2013. Euro Surveill 2013; 18:20502. [PMID: 23787161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In May 2013, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection was diagnosed in an adult male in France with severe respiratory illness, who had travelled to the United Arab Emirates before symptom onset. Contact tracing identified a secondary case in a patient hospitalised in the same hospital room. No other cases of MERS-CoV infection were identified among the index case’s 123 contacts, nor among 39 contacts of the secondary case, during the 10-day follow-up period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Mailles
- Institut de veille sanitaire (InVS), Saint Maurice, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mailles A, Blanckaert K, Chaud P, van der Werf S, Lina B, Caro V, Campese C, Guéry B, Prouvost H, Lemaire X, Paty MC, Haeghebaert S, Antoine D, Ettahar N, Noel H, Behillil S, Hendricx S, Manuguerra JC, Enouf V, La Ruche G, Semaille C, Coignard B, Lévy-Bruhl D, Weber F, Saura C, Che D, The investigation team C. First cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections in France, investigations and implications for the prevention of human-to-human transmission, France, May 2013. Euro Surveill 2013. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.18.24.20502-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Mailles
- Institut de veille sanitaire (InVS), Saint Maurice, France
| | - K Blanckaert
- These authors contributed equally to this work
- Antenne Régionale de Lutte contre les Infections Nosocomiales (ARLIN), Lille, France
| | - P Chaud
- Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Lille, France
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - S van der Werf
- National Reference Center for influenza viruses (coordinating center) and Unit of Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, coordinating center, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - B Lina
- National Reference Center for influenza viruses, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Virpath, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - V Caro
- Cellule d'Intervention Biologique d'Urgence (CIBU), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - C Campese
- Institut de veille sanitaire (InVS), Saint Maurice, France
| | - B Guéry
- Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire, Université de Lille 2, Lille, France
| | - H Prouvost
- Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Lille, France
| | | | - M C Paty
- Institut de veille sanitaire (InVS), Saint Maurice, France
| | | | - D Antoine
- Institut de veille sanitaire (InVS), Saint Maurice, France
| | - N Ettahar
- Centre Hospitalier, Valenciennes, France
| | - H Noel
- Institut de veille sanitaire (InVS), Saint Maurice, France
| | - S Behillil
- National Reference Center for influenza viruses (coordinating center) and Unit of Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, coordinating center, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - J C Manuguerra
- Cellule d'Intervention Biologique d'Urgence (CIBU), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - V Enouf
- National Reference Center for influenza viruses, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Virpath, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - G La Ruche
- Institut de veille sanitaire (InVS), Saint Maurice, France
| | - C Semaille
- Institut de veille sanitaire (InVS), Saint Maurice, France
| | - B Coignard
- Institut de veille sanitaire (InVS), Saint Maurice, France
| | - D Lévy-Bruhl
- Institut de veille sanitaire (InVS), Saint Maurice, France
| | - F Weber
- Institut de veille sanitaire (InVS), Saint Maurice, France
| | - C Saura
- Institut de veille sanitaire (InVS), Saint Maurice, France
| | - D Che
- Institut de veille sanitaire (InVS), Saint Maurice, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Arnaud I, Bajolet O, Bertrand X, Blanchard H, Caillat-Vallet E, Dumartin C, Eveillard M, Fosse T, Garreau N, Hoff O, Marty N, Maugat S, Reyreaud E, Savey A, Sénéchal H, Simon L, Sousa E, Trystram D, Coignard B, Jarlier V, Astagneau P. O034: Regional trends in enterobacteriaceae extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing (ESBLE) and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) between 2007 and 2011. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2013. [PMCID: PMC3687780 DOI: 10.1186/2047-2994-2-s1-o34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
35
|
Eckert C, Coignard B, Hebert M, Tarnaud C, Tessier C, Lemire A, Burghoffer B, Noel D, Barbut F. Clinical and microbiological features of Clostridium difficile infections in France: The ICD-RAISIN 2009 national survey. Med Mal Infect 2013; 43:67-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
36
|
Carbonne A, Arnaud I, Maugat S, Marty N, Dumartin C, Bertrand X, Bajolet O, Savey A, Fosse T, Eveillard M, Sénéchal H, Coignard B, Astagneau P, Jarlier V. National multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) surveillance in France through the RAISIN network: a 9 year experience. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012. [PMID: 23194721 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dks464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the mid-1990s, the prevalence rate of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) in French hospitals was high and control of MDRB spread then became a major priority in the national infection control programme (ICP). METHODS To evaluate the impact of the ICP, a national coordination of MDRB surveillance was set up in 2002. Data were collected 3 months a year in healthcare facilities (HCFs) on a voluntary basis. All clinical specimens of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBLE) were prospectively included. Incidences per 1000 patient days (PDs) were calculated and trends in incidence from 2003 to 2010 were assessed. RESULTS Participation in the surveillance increased from 478 HCFs in 2002 to 933 in 2010. In 2010, MRSA incidence was 0.40/1000 PDs: 1.14 in intensive care units (ICUs), 0.48 in acute care facilities (ACFs) and 0.27 in rehabilitation and long-term care facilities (RLTCFs). ESBLE incidence was 0.39/1000 PDs: 1.63 in ICUs, 0.46 in ACFs and 0.23 in RLTCFs. MRSA incidence significantly decreased from 0.72/1000 PDs in 2003 to 0.41/1000 PDs in 2010 (P<10(-3)); in contrast, ESBLE incidence significantly increased from 0.17/1000 PDs to 0.48/1000 PDs (P<10(-3)). The most prevalent ESBLE were Enterobacter aerogenes (34%) and Escherichia coli (25%) in 2003 and E. coli (60%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (18%) in 2010. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the positive impact of the national ICP on MRSA rates. In contrast, ESBLE incidence, especially ESBL-producing E. coli, is increasing dramatically and represents a serious threat for hospitals and for the community that deserves specific control actions.
Collapse
|
37
|
Zarb P, Coignard B, Griskeviciene J, Muller A, Vankerckhoven V, Weist K, Goossens M, Vaerenberg S, Hopkins S, Catry B, Monnet D, Goossens H, Suetens C. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) pilot point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use. Euro Surveill 2012; 17. [PMID: 23171822 DOI: 10.2807/ese.17.46.20316-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A standardised methodology for a combined point prevalence survey (PPS) on healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial use in European acute care hospitals developed by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control was piloted across Europe. Variables were collected at national, hospital and patient level in 66 hospitals from 23 countries. A patient-based and a unit-based protocol were available. Feasibility was assessed via national and hospital questionnaires. Of 19,888 surveyed patients, 7.1% had an HAI and 34.6% were receiving at least one antimicrobial agent. Prevalence results were highest in intensive care units, with 28.1% patients with HAI, and 61.4% patients with antimicrobial use. Pneumonia and other lower respiratory tract infections (2.0% of patients; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.8–2.2%) represented the most common type (25.7%) of HAI. Surgical prophylaxis was the indication for 17.3% of used antimicrobials and exceeded one day in 60.7% of cases. Risk factors in the patient-based protocol were provided for 98% or more of the included patients and all were independently associated with both presence of HAI and receiving an antimicrobial agent. The patient-based protocol required more work than the unit-based protocol, but allowed collecting detailed data and analysis of risk factors for HAI and antimicrobial use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Zarb
- Infection Control Unit, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Timsit JF, L‘Hériteau F, Lepape A, Francais A, Ruckly S, Venier AG, Jarno P, Boussat S, Coignard B, Savey A. A multicentre analysis of catheter-related infection based on a hierarchical model. Intensive Care Med 2012; 38:1662-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00134-012-2645-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
39
|
Venier AG, Lavigne T, Jarno P, L'heriteau F, Coignard B, Savey A, Rogues AM. Nosocomial urinary tract infection in the intensive care unit: when should Pseudomonas aeruginosa be suspected? Experience of the French national surveillance of nosocomial infections in the intensive care unit, Rea-Raisin. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18:E13-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03686.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
40
|
Amadeo B, Dumartin C, Venier AG, Fourrier-Réglat A, Coignard B, Rogues AM. Factors associated with the prevalence of antibiotic use for the treatment of hospital-acquired infections at 393 French hospitals: a regional variation analysis. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2011; 32:155-62. [PMID: 21460470 DOI: 10.1086/657909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigated regional variations in antibiotic use for the treatment of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) in France by means of a multilevel analysis, to identify targets for quality improvement. METHODS Data were obtained from the 2001 and 2006 French national point-prevalence surveys of HAIs and antibiotic use. The present study was conducted using data from 393 nonteaching public hospitals. Data included patient characteristics calculated at the hospital level (mean age and proportion of patients with the following: HAI, presence of a vascular catheter, presence of a urinary catheter, surgical procedure, and immunodeficiency) and hospital characteristics (size and presence of an intensive care unit). The regional effect was measured using a random intercept on a regional variable. RESULTS Overall, the prevalence of antibiotic use was 5.35% for both study years. The most commonly used antibiotics for HAIs were fluoroquinolones (2001, 1.33%; 2006, 1.35%) and combinations of penicillins with a β-lactamase inhibitor (2001, 0.92%; 2006, 1.02%). Mapping of antibiotic use showed wide variation between regions. The regional effect explained 3% of antibiotic variation in the unadjusted analysis. In the multivariable analysis, hospital size, high prevalence of patients with immunodeficiency, and infection characteristics explained 45% of the variability in antibiotic use. The regional effect was not retained in the final model. CONCLUSION The pattern of antibiotic use for HAIs differed over time, and regional variations were mostly explained by patient characteristics; there was no regional effect. Models that take data hierarchy into account are essential to better approach antibiotic use and develop relevant strategies for improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Amadeo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 657, Université de Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lietard C, Lejeune B, Metzger MH, Thiolet JM, Coignard B. National point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections: results for people aged 65 and older, France, 2006. J Am Geriatr Soc 2011; 59:763-5. [PMID: 21492109 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03328.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
42
|
Lortholary O, Gangneux JP, Sitbon K, Lebeau B, de Monbrison F, Le Strat Y, Coignard B, Dromer F, Bretagne S. Epidemiological trends in invasive aspergillosis in France: the SAIF network (2005-2007). Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 17:1882-9. [PMID: 21668573 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03548.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A prospective (2005-2007) hospital-based multicentre surveillance of EORTC/MSG-proven or probable invasive aspergillosis (IA) cases whatever the underlying diseases was implemented in 12 French academic hospitals. Admissions per hospital and transplantation procedures were obtained. Cox regression models were used to determine risk factors associated with the 12-week overall mortality. With 424 case-patients included, the median incidence/hospital was 0.271/10(3) admissions (range 0.072-0.910) without significant alteration of incidence and seasonality over time. Among the 393 adults (62% men, 56 years (16-84 years)), 15% had proven IA, 78% haematological conditions, and 92.9% had lung involvement. Acute leukaemia (34.6%) and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (21.4%) were major host factors, together with chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (21.6%), which emerged as a new high-risk group. The other risk host factors consisted of solid organ transplantation (8.7%), solid tumours (4.3%), systemic inflammatory diseases (4.6%) and chronic respiratory diseases (2.3%). Serum galactomannan tests were more often positive (≥69%) for acute leukaemia and allogeneic stem cell transplantation than for the others (<42%; p <10(-3)). When positive (n = 245), cultures mainly yielded Aspergillus fumigatus (79.7%). First-line antifungal therapy consisted of voriconazole, caspofungin, lipid formulations of amphotericin, or any combination therapy (52%, 14%, 8% and 19.9%, respectively). Twelve-week overall mortality was 44.8% (95% CI, 39.8-50.0); it was 41% when first-line therapy included voriconazole and 60% otherwise (p <0.001). Independent factors for 12-week mortality were older age, positivity for both culture and galactomannan and central nervous system or pleural involvement, while any strategy containing voriconazole was protective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Lortholary
- Institut Pasteur, Centre National de Référence Mycologie et Antifongiques, Unité de Mycologie Moléculaire, Paris CNRS URA3012, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Vaux S, Carbonne A, Thiolet JM, Jarlier V, Coignard B, RAISIN and Expert Laboratories Groups C. Emergence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in France, 2004 to 2011. Euro Surveill 2011; 16. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.16.22.19880-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Emergence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) is currently a major public health concern worldwide. This study showed that 53 episodes of CPE infection or colonisation have been notified by French healthcare facilities since 2004. A sharp increase in the number of notifications was observed in the last three years. Oxacillinase (OXA)-48 and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) beta-lactamases were the most frequent enzymes reported in these episodes. The index cases in most episodes were patients with a history of hospitalisation abroad within the previous year. Around a third of the episodes (n=18) led to secondary transmission in hospitals but most of them were controlled due to reinforced measures. Reinforcement of screening and control measures at national level when there is cross-border transfer of patients, along with overall reinforcement of infection control and antimicrobial stewardship worldwide, is urgently needed to contain the spread of CPE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Vaux
- French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (Institut de Veille Sanitaire, InVS), Saint-Maurice, France
| | - A Carbonne
- Centre de coordination de la lutte contre les infections nosocomiales (CClin) Nord, Paris, France
| | - J M Thiolet
- French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (Institut de Veille Sanitaire, InVS), Saint-Maurice, France
| | - V Jarlier
- Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6) University (EA1541), Paris, France
| | - B Coignard
- French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (Institut de Veille Sanitaire, InVS), Saint-Maurice, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Henard S, Gendrin V, Simon L, Jouzeau N, Vernier N, Thiolet JM, Coignard B, Rabaud C. Control of a regional outbreak of vanA glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium, Eastern France, 2004–2009. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2011; 214:265-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2010] [Revised: 01/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
45
|
Thiolet J, Jourdan-Da Silva N, Reggiani A, De Valk H, Coignard B, Weill F. Nationwide pseudo-outbreak of Salmonella enterica ssp. diarizonae, France. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 17:915-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
46
|
Slekovec C, Gbaguidi-Haore H, Coignard B, Bertrand X, Talon D. Relationship between prevalence of device-associated infections and alcohol-based hand-rub consumption: a multi-level approach. J Hosp Infect 2011; 78:133-7. [PMID: 21501895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Using a multi-level logistic regression model, we determined whether there was any relationship between alcohol-based hand-rub consumption and prevalence of device-associated infections (DAIs) in French healthcare facilities (HCFs). Two national databases were used: the 2006 French prevalence survey of nosocomial infections, and the 2006 French infection control indicator database which includes alcohol-based hand-rub consumption as an indicator (ICSHA: indicateur de consommation de solution hydro-alcoolique). Only patients with at least one medical device (urinary catheter, vascular catheter or tracheal tube) who were present in an HCF for at least two days were included in the analysis. A multi-level statistical analysis was performed to assess the joint effect of patient-level and hospital-level variables. In all, 814 HCFs, each with a minimum of 15 study patients, were included, giving a total of 53,459 patients. The overall prevalence of DAI was 6.7% (95% confidence interval: 6.4-6.9). The median value of ICSHA was 37.2%. There was no association between DAI prevalence and ICSHA, but all patient-level variables were associated with DAI prevalence. Patient-level variables explain 25% of the hospital-level variation in DAI prevalence, although 60% of this variation remains unexplained when both patient and hospital variables are included in the model. To further assess any association between DAI prevalence and hand hygiene, additional studies on hand hygiene practices specifically associated with invasive medical device manipulation are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Slekovec
- Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Besançon, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Henard S, Rahib D, Léon L, Amadéo B, Dumartin C, Cavalié P, Coignard B. Consommation des antibiotiques rapportée via les bilans standardisés de lutte contre les infections nosocomiales et relation avec l’ICATB. Med Mal Infect 2011; 41:197-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2010.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2010] [Revised: 10/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
48
|
Bourdon N, Fines-Guyon M, Thiolet JM, Maugat S, Coignard B, Leclercq R, Cattoir V. Changing trends in vancomycin-resistant enterococci in French hospitals, 2001-08. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66:713-21. [PMID: 21393182 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkq524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Unprecedented outbreaks of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have occurred in French hospitals since 2004. The aim of this study was to provide a picture of the spread and control of VRE in France and to characterize the isolates. METHODS Notification of VRE cases to Institut de Veille Sanitaire has been mandatory since 2001. Isolates of VRE were sent to the National Reference Centre for species and vancomycin-resistance gene identification. Isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and typed by PFGE and multilocus sequence typing. RESULTS Five hundred and four VRE notifications from 195 hospitals were recorded, corresponding to 2475 cases of infection (n=243) or colonization (n=2232) and 74 episodes of clustered cases. Outbreaks were controlled by implementation of infection control measures, although the number of new hospitals reporting isolation of VRE was increasing. The majority of 902 VRE isolated from 2006 to 2008 were Enterococcus faecium (94.8%) with the vanA or vanB gene. No isolate was resistant to linezolid, tigecycline or fusidic acid. PFGE analysis showed 161 different patterns. Generally a few predominant clones and several minor clones spread in a single hospital. In a subset of 46 representatives of PFGE clones, 13 different sequence types were characterized, all belonging to clonal complex CC17, while the esp and hyl genes were inconsistently detected. CONCLUSIONS The national mandatory notification of unusual nosocomial events allowed rapid identification of VRE outbreaks and early implementation of control measures that have proved effective. However, VRE continue to emerge in a growing number of hospitals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Bourdon
- Equipe EA2128 Interactions Hôtes et Microorganismes des Epithéliums, Faculté de Médecine de Caen, Université Caen Basse Normandie, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Carbonne A, Thiolet JM, Fournier S, Fortineau N, Kassis-Chikhani N, Boytchev I, Aggoune M, Seguier JC, Senechal H, Tavolacci MP, Coignard B, Astagneau P, Jarlier V. Control of a multi-hospital outbreak of KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae type 2 in France, September to October 2009. Euro Surveill 2010; 15. [PMID: 21144448 DOI: 10.2807/ese.15.48.19734-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An outbreak of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae type 2 was detected in September 2009 in two hospitals in a suburb south of Paris, France. In total, 13 KPC-producing K. pneumoniae type 2 cases (four with infections and nine with digestive-tract colonisations) were identified, including a source case transferred from a Greek hospital. Of the 13 cases, seven were secondary cases associated with use of a contaminated duodenoscope used to examine the source case (attack rate: 41%) and five were secondary cases associated with patient-to-patient transmission in hospital. All isolated strains from the 13 patients: (i) exhibited resistance to all antibiotics except gentamicin and colistin, (ii) were more resistant to ertapenem (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) always greater than 4 mg/L) than to imipenem (MIC: 1–8 mg/L, depending on the isolate), (iii) carried the blaKPC-2 and blaSHV12 genes and (iv) had an indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern. These cases occurred in three hospitals: some were transferred to four other hospitals. Extended infection control measures implemented in the seven hospitals included: (i) limiting transfer of cases and contact patients to other wards, (ii) cohorting separately cases and contact patients, (iii) reinforcing hand hygiene and contact precautions and (iv) systematic screening of contact patients. Overall, 341 contact patients were screened. A year after the outbreak, no additional case has been identified in these seven hospitals. This outbreak emphasises the importance of rapid identification and notification of emerging highly resistant K. pneumoniae strains in order to implement reinforced control measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Carbonne
- Centre de coordination de la lutte contre les infections nosocomiales (CCLIN, Regional Coordinating Centre for Nosocomial Infection Control), Paris-Nord, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Birgand G, Blanckaert K, Carbonne A, Coignard B, Barbut F, Eckert C, Grandbastien B, Kadi Z, Astagneau P. Investigation of a large outbreak of Clostridium difficile PCR-ribotype 027 infections in northern France, 2006-2007 and associated clusters in 2008-2009. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 15. [PMID: 20587362 DOI: 10.2807/ese.15.25.19597-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In 2006 and 2007, a large outbreak of Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs) with PCR-ribotype 027 was identified in northern France. Overall, 38 healthcare facilities notified 529 CDIs over a 22-month period, including 281 laboratory-confirmed CDI 027 and 248 non-confirmed CDI 027 cases (incidence rate per 10,000 elective bed days: 1.63, range: 0.07 to 7.94). The cases occurred mainly in long-term care hospital facilities and nursing homes, near the border between France and Belgium. An active surveillance and prevention campaign was launched at the first epidemic peak including hygiene precautions for healthcare professionals, which supported healthcare facilities to improve care organisation. The outbreak was controlled at the end of 2007, but sporadic cases were identified until the end of 2009. A bundle of appropriate control measures may halt the spread of such outbreaks, provided that substantial human resources and financial support are available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Birgand
- Regional coordinating centre for nosocomial infection control, Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|