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Hernaez B, Muñoz-Gómez A, Sanchiz A, Orviz E, Valls-Carbo A, Sagastagoitia I, Ayerdi O, Martín R, Puerta T, Vera M, Cabello N, Vergas J, Prieto C, Pardo-Figuerez M, Negredo A, Lagarón JM, del Romero J, Estrada V, Alcamí A. Monitoring monkeypox virus in saliva and air samples in Spain: a cross-sectional study. Lancet Microbe 2023; 4:e21-e28. [PMID: 36436538 PMCID: PMC9691259 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transmission of monkeypox virus occurs through direct contact, but transmission through saliva or exhaled droplets and aerosols has not yet been investigated. We aimed to assess the presence of monkeypox virus DNA and infectious virus in saliva samples and droplets and aerosols exhaled from patients infected with monkeypox virus. METHODS We did a cross-sectional study in patients with monkeypox confirmed by PCR who attended two health centres in Madrid, Spain. For each patient, we collected samples of saliva, exhaled droplets within a mask, and aerosols captured by air filtration through newly developed nanofiber filters. We evaluated the presence of monkeypox virus in the samples by viral DNA detection by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and isolation of infectious viruses in cell cultures. FINDINGS Between May 18 and July 15, 2022, 44 patients with symptomatic monkeypox attended two health centres in Madrid and were included in the study. All were cisgender men, with a median age of 35·0 years (IQR 11·3). We identified high loads of monkeypox virus DNA by qPCR in 35 (85%) of 41 saliva samples. Infectious monkeypox virus was recovered from 22 (67%) of 33 saliva samples positive for monkeypox virus DNA. We also found a significant association between the number of affected cutaneous areas or general symptoms and the viral load present in saliva samples. Droplets exhaled from patients with monkeypox, detected inside a mask, contained monkeypox virus DNA in 32 (71%) of 45 samples, with two of the 32 positive samples showing the presence of the infectious virus. Monkeypox virus DNA in aerosols, collected from the medical consultation room, were detected in 27 (64%) of 42 samples, despite patients wearing an FFP2 mask during the visit. Infectious virus was not recovered from aerosol samples. High levels of monkeypox virus DNA were identified in aerosols collected from a hospital isolation room housing a patient with monkeypox. INTERPRETATION The identification of high viable monkeypox virus loads in saliva in most patients with monkeypox and the finding of monkeypox virus DNA in droplets and aerosols warrants further epidemiological studies to evaluate the potential relevance of the respiratory route of infection in the 2022 monkeypox virus outbreak. FUNDING EU, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and Ciberinfec.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Hernaez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Muñoz-Gómez
- Centro Sandoval and Hospital Universitario Clínico de San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Africa Sanchiz
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Orviz
- Centro Sandoval and Hospital Universitario Clínico de San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Iñigo Sagastagoitia
- Centro Sandoval and Hospital Universitario Clínico de San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain,Ciber de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oskar Ayerdi
- Centro Sandoval and Hospital Universitario Clínico de San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Martín
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Puerta
- Centro Sandoval and Hospital Universitario Clínico de San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Vera
- Centro Sandoval and Hospital Universitario Clínico de San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemi Cabello
- Centro Sandoval and Hospital Universitario Clínico de San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain,Ciber de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Vergas
- Centro Sandoval and Hospital Universitario Clínico de San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Prieto
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Anabel Negredo
- Ciber de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain,Laboratorio de Arbovirus y Enfermedades Víricas Importadas, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jorge del Romero
- Centro Sandoval and Hospital Universitario Clínico de San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Estrada
- Centro Sandoval and Hospital Universitario Clínico de San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain; Ciber de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Alcamí
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Hernaez B, Alcamí A. Detection of Chemokine Binding Proteins Association to Cell Surface Glycosaminoglycans by Flow Cell Cytometry and Indirect Immunofluorescence. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2597:121-129. [PMID: 36374418 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2835-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Viruses encode secreted proteins that bind chemokines to modulate their activity. Viral proteins may simultaneously interact with glycosaminoglycans allowing these proteins to be anchored at the cell surface to increase their anti-chemokine activity in the proximity of infection. Here we describe methodology to evaluate the interaction of viral secreted proteins with cell-surface glycosaminoglycans by immunofluorescence and detection by flow cytometry or microscopy. These methods could be equally applied to other chemokine binding proteins that do not have viral origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Hernaez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Alcamí
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
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3
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Alvarez-de Miranda FJ, Alonso-Sánchez I, Alcamí A, Hernaez B. TNF Decoy Receptors Encoded by Poxviruses. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10081065. [PMID: 34451529 PMCID: PMC8401223 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10081065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is an inflammatory cytokine produced in response to viral infections that promotes the recruitment and activation of leukocytes to sites of infection. This TNF-based host response is essential to limit virus spreading, thus poxviruses have evolutionarily adopted diverse molecular mechanisms to counteract TNF antiviral action. These include the expression of poxvirus-encoded soluble receptors or proteins able to bind and neutralize TNF and other members of the TNF ligand superfamily, acting as decoy receptors. This article reviews in detail the various TNF decoy receptors identified to date in the genomes from different poxvirus species, with a special focus on their impact on poxvirus pathogenesis and their potential use as therapeutic molecules.
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4
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Olagnier D, Farahani E, Thyrsted J, Blay-Cadanet J, Herengt A, Idorn M, Hait A, Hernaez B, Knudsen A, Iversen MB, Schilling M, Jørgensen SE, Thomsen M, Reinert LS, Lappe M, Hoang HD, Gilchrist VH, Hansen AL, Ottosen R, Nielsen CG, Møller C, van der Horst D, Peri S, Balachandran S, Huang J, Jakobsen M, Svenningsen EB, Poulsen TB, Bartsch L, Thielke AL, Luo Y, Alain T, Rehwinkel J, Alcamí A, Hiscott J, Mogensen TH, Paludan SR, Holm CK. Author Correction: SARS-CoV2-mediated suppression of NRF2-signaling reveals potent antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity of 4-octyl-itaconate and dimethyl fumarate. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5419. [PMID: 33087717 PMCID: PMC7578803 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19363-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Olagnier
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Ensieh Farahani
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jacob Thyrsted
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julia Blay-Cadanet
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Angela Herengt
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Manja Idorn
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alon Hait
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bruno Hernaez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alice Knudsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie Beck Iversen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mirjam Schilling
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Sofie E Jørgensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michelle Thomsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Line S Reinert
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Huy-Dung Hoang
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Victoria H Gilchrist
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Anne Louise Hansen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Ottosen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Camilla G Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Møller
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Demi van der Horst
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Suraj Peri
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philidelphia, PA, 19111-2497, USA
| | | | - Jinrong Huang
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Jakobsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Lydia Bartsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anne L Thielke
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yonglun Luo
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Tommy Alain
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Jan Rehwinkel
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Antonio Alcamí
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - John Hiscott
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Trine H Mogensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren R Paludan
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christian K Holm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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5
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Olagnier D, Farahani E, Thyrsted J, Blay-Cadanet J, Herengt A, Idorn M, Hait A, Hernaez B, Knudsen A, Iversen MB, Schilling M, Jørgensen SE, Thomsen M, Reinert LS, Lappe M, Hoang HD, Gilchrist VH, Hansen AL, Ottosen R, Nielsen CG, Møller C, van der Horst D, Peri S, Balachandran S, Huang J, Jakobsen M, Svenningsen EB, Poulsen TB, Bartsch L, Thielke AL, Luo Y, Alain T, Rehwinkel J, Alcamí A, Hiscott J, Mogensen TH, Paludan SR, Holm CK. SARS-CoV2-mediated suppression of NRF2-signaling reveals potent antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity of 4-octyl-itaconate and dimethyl fumarate. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4938. [PMID: 33009401 PMCID: PMC7532469 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18764-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiviral strategies to inhibit Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) and the pathogenic consequences of COVID-19 are urgently required. Here, we demonstrate that the NRF2 antioxidant gene expression pathway is suppressed in biopsies obtained from COVID-19 patients. Further, we uncover that NRF2 agonists 4-octyl-itaconate (4-OI) and the clinically approved dimethyl fumarate (DMF) induce a cellular antiviral program that potently inhibits replication of SARS-CoV2 across cell lines. The inhibitory effect of 4-OI and DMF extends to the replication of several other pathogenic viruses including Herpes Simplex Virus-1 and-2, Vaccinia virus, and Zika virus through a type I interferon (IFN)-independent mechanism. In addition, 4-OI and DMF limit host inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV2 infection associated with airway COVID-19 pathology. In conclusion, NRF2 agonists 4-OI and DMF induce a distinct IFN-independent antiviral program that is broadly effective in limiting virus replication and in suppressing the pro-inflammatory responses of human pathogenic viruses, including SARS-CoV2.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Olagnier
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Ensieh Farahani
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jacob Thyrsted
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julia Blay-Cadanet
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Angela Herengt
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Manja Idorn
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alon Hait
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bruno Hernaez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alice Knudsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie Beck Iversen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mirjam Schilling
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Sofie E Jørgensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michelle Thomsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Line S Reinert
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Huy-Dung Hoang
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Victoria H Gilchrist
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Anne Louise Hansen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Ottosen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Camilla G Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Møller
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Demi van der Horst
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Suraj Peri
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philidelphia, PA, 19111-2497, USA
| | | | - Jinrong Huang
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Jakobsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Lydia Bartsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anne L Thielke
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yonglun Luo
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Tommy Alain
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Jan Rehwinkel
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Antonio Alcamí
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - John Hiscott
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Trine H Mogensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren R Paludan
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christian K Holm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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6
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Desdín-Micó G, Soto-Heredero G, Aranda JF, Oller J, Carrasco E, Gabandé-Rodríguez E, Blanco EM, Alfranca A, Cussó L, Desco M, Ibañez B, Gortazar AR, Fernández-Marcos P, Navarro MN, Hernaez B, Alcamí A, Baixauli F, Mittelbrunn M. T cells with dysfunctional mitochondria induce multimorbidity and premature senescence. Science 2020; 368:1371-1376. [PMID: 32439659 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax0860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The effect of immunometabolism on age-associated diseases remains uncertain. In this work, we show that T cells with dysfunctional mitochondria owing to mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) deficiency act as accelerators of senescence. In mice, these cells instigate multiple aging-related features, including metabolic, cognitive, physical, and cardiovascular alterations, which together result in premature death. T cell metabolic failure induces the accumulation of circulating cytokines, which resembles the chronic inflammation that is characteristic of aging ("inflammaging"). This cytokine storm itself acts as a systemic inducer of senescence. Blocking tumor necrosis factor-α signaling or preventing senescence with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide precursors partially rescues premature aging in mice with Tfam-deficient T cells. Thus, T cells can regulate organismal fitness and life span, which highlights the importance of tight immunometabolic control in both aging and the onset of age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Desdín-Micó
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Soto-Heredero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Aranda
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Oller
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Carrasco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Gabandé-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Maria Blanco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lorena Cussó
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Ibañez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Arancha R Gortazar
- Bone Physiopathology Laboratory, Applied Molecular Medicine Institute (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Fernández-Marcos
- Metabolic Syndrome Group - BIOPROMET, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria N Navarro
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bruno Hernaez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Alcamí
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Baixauli
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - María Mittelbrunn
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain. .,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
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7
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Abstract
Poxviruses encode a set of secreted proteins that bind cytokines and chemokines as a strategy to modulate host defense mechanisms. These viral proteins mimic the activity of host cytokine decoy receptors but have unique properties that may enhance their activity. Here, we describe the ability of poxvirus cytokine receptors to attach to the cell surface after secretion from infected cells, and we discuss the advantages that this property may confer to these viral immunomodulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Hernaez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049 , Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Alcami
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049 , Madrid, Spain
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8
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Hernaez B, Cabezas M, Muñoz-Moreno R, Galindo I, Cuesta-Geijo MA, Alonso C. A179L, a new viral Bcl2 homolog targeting Beclin 1 autophagy related protein. Curr Mol Med 2013; 13:305-316. [PMID: 23228131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a relevant cellular defense mechanism that directly eliminates intracellular pathogens and has a crucial role for innate and adaptive immune responses. Some viruses have developed tools to counteract this cellular response. A179L, the viral Bcl2 homolog of African swine fever virus, interacts with proapoptotic Bcl2 family proteins to inhibit apoptosis. Here we report that this gene manipulates autophagy by interacting with Beclin 1 through its BH3 homology domain. At subcellular level, A179L colocalized with Beclin 1 at mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. Virus infection inhibited autophagosome formation in cells; however, when autophagy was induced prior to or at the time of infection the number of infected cells was severely decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hernaez
- Department of Biotecnologia, Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Hernaez B, Cabezas M, Munoz-Moreno R, Galindo I, A. Cuesta-Geijo M, Alonso C. A179L, a New Viral Bcl2 Homolog Targeting Beclin 1 Autophagy Related Protein. Curr Mol Med 2013. [DOI: 10.2174/156652413804810736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Hernaez B, Cabezas M, Munoz-Moreno R, Galindo I, Cuesta-Geijo M, Alonso C. A179L, a New Viral Bcl2 Homolog Targeting Beclin 1 Autophagy Related Protein. Curr Mol Med 2012. [DOI: 10.2174/15665240113130200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Alonso C, Galindo I, Cuesta-Geijo MA, Cabezas M, Hernaez B, Muñoz-Moreno R. African swine fever virus-cell interactions: from virus entry to cell survival. Virus Res 2012; 173:42-57. [PMID: 23262167 PMCID: PMC7114420 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Viruses have adapted to evolve complex and dynamic interactions with their host cell. The viral entry mechanism determines viral tropism and pathogenesis. The entry of African swine fever virus (ASFV) is dynamin-dependent and clathrin-mediated, but other pathways have been described such as macropinocytosis. During endocytosis, ASFV viral particles undergo disassembly in various compartments that the virus passes through en route to the site of replication. This disassembly relies on the acid pH of late endosomes and on microtubule cytoskeleton transport. ASFV interacts with several regulatory pathways to establish an optimal environment for replication. Examples of these pathways include small GTPases, actin-related signaling, and lipid signaling. Cellular cholesterol, the entire cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, and phosphoinositides are central molecular networks required for successful infection. Here we report new data on the conformation of the viral replication site or viral factory and the remodeling of the subcellular structures. We review the virus-induced regulation of ER stress, apoptosis and autophagy as key mechanisms of cell survival and determinants of infection outcome. Finally, future challenges for the development of new preventive strategies against this virus are proposed on the basis of current knowledge about ASFV-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Covadonga Alonso
- Dpto. de Biotecnología, INIA, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Ctra. de Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Hernaez B, Cabezas M, Munoz-Moreno R, Galindo I, Cuesta-Geijo M, Alonso C. A179L, a New Viral Bcl2 Homolog Targeting Beclin 1 Autophagy Related Protein. Curr Mol Med 2012. [DOI: 10.2174/1566524011313020007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Hernaez B, Escribano JM, Alonso C. African swine fever virus protein p30 interaction with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP-K) during infection. FEBS Lett 2008; 582:3275-80. [PMID: 18775702 PMCID: PMC2577129 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2008] [Revised: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP-K) was identified as interacting cellular protein with the abundant immediate early protein p30 from African swine fever virus (ASFV) in a macrophage cDNA library screening. The interacting regions of hnRNP-K with p30 were established within residues 35-197, which represent KH1 and KH2 domains responsible for RNA binding. Colocalization of hnRNP-K and p30 was observed mainly in the nucleus, but not in the cytoplasm of infected cells and infection modified hnRNP-K subcellular distribution and decreased the incorporation of 5-fluorouridine into nascent RNA. Since similar effects were observed in cells transiently expressing p30, this interaction provides new insights into p30 function and could represent a possible additional mechanism by which ASFV downregulates host cell mRNA translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Hernaez
- Departamento de Biotecnología, INIA, Carretera de la Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Galindo I, Hernaez B, Díaz-Gil G, Escribano JM, Alonso C. A179L, a viral Bcl-2 homologue, targets the core Bcl-2 apoptotic machinery and its upstream BH3 activators with selective binding restrictions for Bid and Noxa. Virology 2008; 375:561-72. [PMID: 18329683 PMCID: PMC2572728 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Revised: 01/07/2008] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Several large DNA viruses encode Bcl-2 protein homologues involved in the regulation of the cellular apoptosis cascade. This regulation often involves the interaction of these viral proteins with diverse cellular Bcl-2 family members. We have identified the specific interactions of A179L, an African swine fever virus (ASFV) Bcl-2 homologue, with the active forms of the porcine BH3-only Bid protein (truncated Bid p13 and p15). Transient expression of ASFV A179L gene in Vero cells prevented apoptosis induced by these active forms of Bid protein. Interestingly, A179L protein was able to interact, also with the main core Bcl-2 proapoptotic proteins Bax and Bak, and with several BH3-only proteins with selective binding restrictions for full length Bid and Noxa. These results suggest a fine regulation for A179L action in the suppression of apoptosis in infected cells which is essential for efficient virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Galindo
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
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15
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Hernaez B, Escribano JM, Alonso C. Visualization of the African swine fever virus infection in living cells by incorporation into the virus particle of green fluorescent protein-p54 membrane protein chimera. Virology 2006; 350:1-14. [PMID: 16490226 PMCID: PMC7111804 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2005] [Revised: 12/17/2005] [Accepted: 01/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Many stages of African swine fever virus infection have not yet been studied in detail. To track the behavior of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in the infected cells in real time, we produced an infectious recombinant ASFV (B54GFP-2) that expresses and incorporates into the virus particle a chimera of the p54 envelope protein fused to the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). The incorporation of the fusion protein into the virus particle was confirmed immunologically and it was determined that p54-EGFP was fully functional by confirmation that the recombinant virus made normal-sized plaques and presented similar growth curves to the wild-type virus. The tagged virus was visualized as individual fluorescent particles during the first stages of infection and allowed to visualize the infection progression in living cells through the viral life cycle by confocal microscopy. In this work, diverse potential applications of B54GFP-2 to study different aspects of ASFV infection are shown. By using this recombinant virus it was possible to determine the trajectory and speed of intracellular virus movement. Additionally, we have been able to visualize for first time the ASFV factory formation dynamics and the cytophatic effect of the virus in live infected cells. Finally, we have analyzed virus progression along the infection cycle and infected cell death as time-lapse animations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Hernaez
- Departamento de Biotecnología, INIA, Carretera de la Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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