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Farooqui N, Mohan A, Isik B, Goksu BB, Thaler R, Zhu XY, Krier JD, Saadiq IM, Ferguson CM, Jordan KL, Tang H, Textor SC, Hickson LTJ, van Wijnen AJ, Eirin A, Lerman LO, Herrmann SM. Effect of Hypoxia Preconditioning on the Regenerative Capacity of Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Model of Renal Artery Stenosis. Stem Cells 2023; 41:50-63. [PMID: 36250949 PMCID: PMC9887092 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) is associated with irreversible parenchymal renal disease and regenerative stem cell therapies may improve renal outcomes. Hypoxia preconditioning (HPC) may improve the regenerative functions of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSC) by affecting DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) marks in angiogenic genes. Here, we investigated using a porcine ARAS model, whether growth of ARAS AMSCs in hypoxia (Hx) versus normoxia (Nx) would enhance renal tissue repair, and comprehensively analyze how HPC modifies DNA hydroxymethylation compared to untreated ARAS and healthy/normal pigs (n=5 each). ARAS pigs exhibited elevated serum cholesterol, serum creatinine and renal artery stenosis, with a concomitant decrease in renal blood flow (RBF) and increased blood pressure (BP) compared to healthy pigs. Renal artery injection of either autologous Nx or Hx AMSCs improved diastolic BP, reduced kidney tissue fibrosis, and inflammation (CD3+ T-cells) in ARAS pigs. In addition, renal medullary hypoxia significantly lowered with Nx but not Hx AMSC treatment. Mechanistically, levels of epigenetic 5hmC marks (which reflect gene activation) estimated using DNA immunoprecipitation technique were elevated in profibrotic and inflammatory genes in ARAS compared with normal AMSCs. HPC significantly reduced 5hmC levels in cholesterol biosynthesis and oxidative stress response pathways in ARAS AMSCs. Thus, autologous AMSCs improve key renovascular parameters and inflammation in ARAS pigs, with HPC mitigating pathological molecular effects on inflammatory and profibrotic genes which may play a role in augmenting regenerative capacity of AMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naba Farooqui
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Arjunmohan Mohan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Busra Isik
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Busra B Goksu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xiang Yang Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James D Krier
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ishran M Saadiq
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Kyra L Jordan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hui Tang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stephen C Textor
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - La Tonya J Hickson
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Alfonso Eirin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sandra M Herrmann
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Goksu SY, Ozer M, Goksu BB, Wang R, Khatib J, Patel PA, Vusirikala M, Cole S, Seyhanli A, Collins RH, Chung S, Zeidan AM, Madanat YF. The impact of race and ethnicity on outcomes of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: a population-based analysis. Leuk Lymphoma 2022; 63:1651-1659. [PMID: 35133215 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2022.2032034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Race and ethnic backgrounds affect the disease characteristics and clinical outcomes in many cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia; however, the association of race/ethnicity on myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is still controversial. Therefore, we aimed to study the impact of race/ethnicity on the disease characteristics and survival outcomes in patients with MDS. Adult patients with MDS diagnosed in 2004-2016 were selected using the SEER database. Race/ethnicity was categorized as non-Hispanic White (NHW), non-Hispanic Black (NHB), and Hispanic. Hispanic and NHB patients had significantly lower incidence rate ratio (IRR) in age group ≥01 years (p < .001) compared to NHW; however, in the age group <50 years, NHB patients had significantly higher IRR with an increased incidence rate of 49%. NHB patients had better overall survival than Hispanic and NHW patients (p < .001), even after adjusting for confounding variables. MDS have significant differences in age at diagnosis, disease risk, and survival outcomes based on racial/ethnic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleyman Yasin Goksu
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Muhammet Ozer
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Capital Health Regional Medical Center, Trenton, NJ, USA
| | - Busra B Goksu
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jude Khatib
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Prapti A Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Madhuri Vusirikala
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Suzanne Cole
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ahmet Seyhanli
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Robert H Collins
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Stephen Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Amer M Zeidan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology, Yale Cancer Center and Smilow Cancer Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yazan F Madanat
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Isik B, Thaler R, Goksu BB, Conley SM, Al-Khafaji H, Mohan A, Afarideh M, Abumoawad AM, Zhu XY, Krier JD, Saadiq IM, Tang H, Eirin A, Hickson LJ, van Wijnen AJ, Textor SC, Lerman LO, Herrmann SM. Hypoxic preconditioning induces epigenetic changes and modifies swine mesenchymal stem cell angiogenesis and senescence in experimental atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:240. [PMID: 33853680 PMCID: PMC8048283 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02310-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) is a risk factor for ischemic and hypertensive kidney disease (HKD) for which autologous mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) appears to be a promising therapy. However, MSCs from ARAS patients exhibit impaired function, senescence, and DNA damage, possibly due to epigenetic mechanisms. Hypoxia preconditioning (HPC) exerts beneficial effects on cellular proliferation, differentiation, and gene and protein expression. We hypothesized that HPC could influence MSC function and senescence in ARAS by epigenetic mechanisms and modulating gene expression of chromatin-modifying enzymes. Methods Adipose-derived MSC harvested from healthy control (N = 8) and ARAS (N = 8) pigs were cultured under normoxia (20%O2) or hypoxia (1%O2) conditions. MSC function was assessed by migration, proliferation, and cytokine release in conditioned media. MSC senescence was evaluated by SA-β-gal activity. Specific pro-angiogenic and senescence genes were assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Dot blotting was used to measure global genome 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) levels on DNA and Western blotting of modified histone 3 (H3) proteins to quantify tri-methylated lysine-4 (H3K4me3), lysine-9 (H3K9me3), and lysine-27 (H3K27me3) residues. Results Specific pro-angiogenic genes in ARAS assessed by RT-PCR were lower at baseline but increased under HPC, while pro-senescence genes were higher in ARAS at baseline as compared healthy MSCs. ARAS MSCs under basal conditions, displayed higher H3K4me3, H3K27me3, and 5hmC levels compared to healthy MSCs. During HPC, global 5hmC levels were decreased while no appreciable changes occurred in histone H3 tri-methylation. ARAS MSCs cultured under HPC had higher migratory and proliferative capacity as well as increased vascular endothelial growth factor and epidermal growth factor expression compared to normoxia, and SA-β-gal activity decreased in both animal groups. Conclusions These data demonstrate that swine ARAS MSCs have decreased angiogenesis and increased senescence compared to healthy MSCs and that HPC mitigates MSC dysfunction, senescence, and DNA hydroxymethylation in ARAS MSC. Thus, HPC for MSCs may be considered for their optimization to improve autologous cell therapy in patients with nephropathies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02310-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra Isik
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200, First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rochester, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Rochester, USA
| | - Busra B Goksu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200, First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Sabena M Conley
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Hayder Al-Khafaji
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200, First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Arjunmohan Mohan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200, First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Mohsen Afarideh
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200, First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Abdelrhman M Abumoawad
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200, First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Xiang Y Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200, First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - James D Krier
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200, First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Ishran M Saadiq
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200, First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Hui Tang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200, First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200, First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - LaTonya J Hickson
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rochester, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Rochester, USA
| | - Stephen C Textor
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200, First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200, First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Sandra M Herrmann
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200, First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA.
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Goksu SY, Ozer M, Beg MS, Sanford NN, Ahn C, Fangman BD, Goksu BB, Verma U, Sanjeevaiah A, Hsiehchen D, Jones AL, Kainthla R, Kazmi SM. Racial/Ethnic Disparities and Survival Characteristics in Non-Pancreatic Gastrointestinal Tract Neuroendocrine Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102990. [PMID: 33076486 PMCID: PMC7602558 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The impact of race and ethnicity on survival characteristics in non-pancreatic gastrointestinal tract neuroendocrine tumors is understudied. We evaluated the survival outcomes and racial/ethnic disparities in the gastrointestinal tract neuroendocrine tumors, including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum, and appendix. Survival trends were determined among three groups: Hispanic, non-Hispanic White, and non-Hispanic Black. We analyzed a large national database and found that race/ethnicity is an independent prognostic factor in patients with gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. Hispanic patients had better overall survival than non-Hispanic White patients, whereas non-Hispanic Black patients had favorable cause-specific survival compared to non-Hispanic White patients. This survival disparity can be attributed to differences in the site of origin, age, and stage at presentation between various race/ethnicity. Understanding these differences between race and ethnicity is needed to reduce disparities in cancer outcomes. Abstract Background: We studied the effect of race and ethnicity on disease characteristics and survival in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to select patients with non-pancreatic gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors diagnosed between 2004 and 2015. Trends in survival were evaluated among three groups: Hispanic, non-Hispanic White, and non-Hispanic Black. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression methods were performed to calculate overall survival and cause-specific survival after adjusting for patient and tumor characteristics. Results: A total of 26,399 patients were included in the study: 65.1% were non-Hispanic White, 19.9% were non-Hispanic Black, and 15% were Hispanic. Non-Hispanic White patients were more likely to be male (50.0%, p < 0.001), older than 60 years (48.0%, p < 0.001), and present with metastatic disease (17.7%, p < 0.001). Non-Hispanic White patients had small intestine neuroendocrine tumors, while Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black patients had rectum neuroendocrine tumors as the most common primary site. Hispanic patients had better overall survival, while non-Hispanic Black patients had better cause-specific survival versus non-Hispanic White patients. This finding was confirmed on multivariable analysis where Hispanic patients had improved overall survival compared to non-Hispanic White patients (Hazard ratio (HR): 0.89 (0.81–0.97)), whereas non-Hispanic Black patients had better cause-specific survival compared to non-Hispanic White patients (HR: 0.89 (0.80–0.98)). Conclusions: Race/ethnicity is an independent prognostic factor in patients with gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleyman Yasin Goksu
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (S.Y.G.); (M.S.B.); (B.D.F.); (B.B.G.); (U.V.); (A.S.); (D.H.); (A.L.J.); (R.K.)
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Muhammet Ozer
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Capital Health Regional Medical Center, Trenton, NJ 08638, USA
| | - Muhammad S. Beg
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (S.Y.G.); (M.S.B.); (B.D.F.); (B.B.G.); (U.V.); (A.S.); (D.H.); (A.L.J.); (R.K.)
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Nina Niu Sanford
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Chul Ahn
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Benjamin D. Fangman
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (S.Y.G.); (M.S.B.); (B.D.F.); (B.B.G.); (U.V.); (A.S.); (D.H.); (A.L.J.); (R.K.)
| | - Busra B. Goksu
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (S.Y.G.); (M.S.B.); (B.D.F.); (B.B.G.); (U.V.); (A.S.); (D.H.); (A.L.J.); (R.K.)
| | - Udit Verma
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (S.Y.G.); (M.S.B.); (B.D.F.); (B.B.G.); (U.V.); (A.S.); (D.H.); (A.L.J.); (R.K.)
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Aravind Sanjeevaiah
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (S.Y.G.); (M.S.B.); (B.D.F.); (B.B.G.); (U.V.); (A.S.); (D.H.); (A.L.J.); (R.K.)
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - David Hsiehchen
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (S.Y.G.); (M.S.B.); (B.D.F.); (B.B.G.); (U.V.); (A.S.); (D.H.); (A.L.J.); (R.K.)
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Amy L. Jones
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (S.Y.G.); (M.S.B.); (B.D.F.); (B.B.G.); (U.V.); (A.S.); (D.H.); (A.L.J.); (R.K.)
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Radhika Kainthla
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (S.Y.G.); (M.S.B.); (B.D.F.); (B.B.G.); (U.V.); (A.S.); (D.H.); (A.L.J.); (R.K.)
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Syed M. Kazmi
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (S.Y.G.); (M.S.B.); (B.D.F.); (B.B.G.); (U.V.); (A.S.); (D.H.); (A.L.J.); (R.K.)
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-214-648-4180
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Abumoawad A, Saad A, Ferguson CM, Eirin A, Herrmann SM, Hickson LJ, Goksu BB, Bendel E, Misra S, Glockner J, Dietz AB, Lerman LO, Textor SC. In a Phase 1a escalating clinical trial, autologous mesenchymal stem cell infusion for renovascular disease increases blood flow and the glomerular filtration rate while reducing inflammatory biomarkers and blood pressure. Kidney Int 2020; 97:793-804. [PMID: 32093917 PMCID: PMC7284953 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic renovascular disease (ARVD) reduces tissue perfusion and eventually leads to loss of kidney function with limited therapeutic options. Here we describe results of Phase 1a escalating dose clinical trial of autologous mesenchymal stem cell infusion for ARVD. Thirty-nine patients with ARVD were studied on two occasions separated by three months. Autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were infused through the renal artery in 21 patients at three different dose levels (1, 2.5 and 5.0 × 105 cells/kg) in seven patients each. We measured renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (iothalamate and estimated GFR), renal vein cytokine levels, blood pressure, and tissue oxygenation before and three months after stem cell delivery. These indices were compared to those of 18 patients with ARVD matched for age, kidney function and blood pressure receiving medical therapy alone that underwent an identical study protocol. Cultured mesenchymal stem cells were also studied in vitro. For the entire stem cell treated-cohort, mean renal blood flow in the treated stenotic kidney significantly increased after stem cell infusion from (164 to 190 ml/min). Hypoxia, renal vein inflammatory cytokines, and angiogenic biomarkers significantly decreased following stem cell infusion. Mean systolic blood pressure significantly fell (144 to 136 mmHg) and the mean two-kidney GFR (Iothalamate) modestly but significantly increased from (53 to 56 ml/min). Changes in GFR and blood pressure were largest in the high dose stem cell treated individuals. No such changes were observed in the cohort receiving medical treatment alone. Thus, our data demonstrate the potential for autologous mesenchymal stem cell to increase blood flow, GFR and attenuate inflammatory injury in post-stenotic kidneys. The observation that some effects are dose-dependent and related to in-vitro properties of mesenchymal stem cell may direct efforts to maximize potential therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Saad
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Department of Family Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | | | - Alfonso Eirin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sandra M Herrmann
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - LaTonya J Hickson
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Busra B Goksu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Emily Bendel
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sanjay Misra
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - James Glockner
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Allan B Dietz
- Transfusion Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephen C Textor
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
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