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Brooks BD, Dangel TJ, Kaniuka AR, Jaszczak E, Limdi A, Webb JR, Hirsch JK. Thwarted Belongingness and Suicide Risk in Primary Care: Perceived Burdensomeness and Psychache as Mediators. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2024; 31:122-129. [PMID: 37129832 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-023-09960-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is a significant public health concern, particularly among primary care patients, given that many individuals who die by suicide visit their primary care provider in the months prior to their death. We examined constructs from two prominent theories of suicide, the interpersonal and psychache theories, including thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and psychache. Among our sample (n = 224) of patients, perceived burdensomeness and psychache, individually and in serial, mediated the relation between thwarted belongingness and suicidal behavior. Thwarted belongingness was associated with greater perceived burdensomeness and, in turn, with more psychache and increased suicide risk. Our results elucidate the associations between the interpersonal and psychache theories of suicide. Clinical strategies that may reduce thwarted interpersonal needs and psychache, and which are appropriate for medical settings, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron D Brooks
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 West Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA.
- Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Trever J Dangel
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Andréa R Kaniuka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Emma Jaszczak
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 West Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Anusha Limdi
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 West Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Jon R Webb
- Department of Community, Family, and Addiction Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jameson K Hirsch
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
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2
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Motley DN, Victorian J, Denis K, Brooks BD. Applying an intersectionality framework to health services research. Fam Syst Health 2023; 41:417-424. [PMID: 38284973 DOI: 10.1037/fsh0000859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Intersectionality is a transformative analytic tool for identifying and challenging how intersecting, systemic power relations generate differential outcomes in quality of life (P. Collins, 2019; Crenshaw, 1989). Intersectionality identifies how varied forms of power relations are interconnected and mutually constituted: simultaneously influencing and influenced by one another. As these power relations interact to shape social experiences, they result in social inequalities including unequal distributions of harm, violence, and neglect. Too often, social problems are approached through singular categories of experience (e.g., class, race, or gender) under the assumption that these categories are not mutually constituted. Intersectionality instead highlights the intersection and interactions between such categories, with close attention to the social power conferred or limited given inclusion in a given constellation of categories. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kaylah Denis
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago
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3
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Brooks BD, Kaniuka A, Job SA, Hodgkinson N, Kelliher Rabon J, Williams SL, Hirsch JK. Anticipated Sexual Minority Stress and Mental Health after the 2016 Presidential Election: Examining a Psychological Mediation Framework. J Homosex 2023; 70:3125-3148. [PMID: 35759638 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2022.2087481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sexual minorities are at an increased risk for psychopathology, compared to heterosexual counterparts, in part due to stressors unique to their sexual minority identity. The greater socio-political climate may exacerbate sexual minority stress, and the context of the 2016 United States presidential election infringed upon the rights and well-being of LGBQ individuals. In our sample of sexual minorities (n = 253), we examined the association between anticipated stigma in response to the 2016 presidential election and symptoms of anxiety and depression, and the potential mediating role of self-compassion, hopelessness and social support. Greater anticipated stigma was associated with less self-compassion, less perceived social support, and greater hopelessness, and, in turn, greater symptoms of anxiety and depression. Anticipated stigma may erode feelings of environmental support and may be internalized as negative views of the self and future. From a public health perspective, policy-makers should be aware that the discussion and/or enactment of policies which discriminate against LGBQ persons may negatively impact mental health. Clinically, bolstering self-compassion and interpersonal functioning, and targeting hopelessness, through strategies such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Compassion-Focused Therapy, may buffer the impact of minority stress among sexual minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron D Brooks
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinios, USA
- Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrea Kaniuka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah A Job
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Nicole Hodgkinson
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinios, USA
| | - Jessica Kelliher Rabon
- Division of Pediatric Psychology, Prisma Health - Upstate, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| | - Stacey L Williams
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jameson K Hirsch
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
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Brooks BD, Job SA, Kaniuka AR, Kolb R, Unda Charvel P, Araújo F. Healthcare discrimination and treatment adherence among sexual and gender minority individuals living with chronic illness: the mediating effects of anticipated discrimination and depressive symptoms. Psychol Health 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37339152 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2023.2220008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals are at increased risk for an array of chronic illness due to minority stress. Up to 70% of SGM individuals report healthcare discrimination, which may cause additional challenges for SGM people living with chronic illness including avoiding necessary healthcare. The extant literature highlights how healthcare discrimination is associated with depressive symptoms and treatment nonadherence. However, there is limited evidence on the underlying mechanisms between healthcare discrimination and treatment adherence among SGM people living with chronic illness.Methods: Among a sample of SGM individuals living with chronic illness (n = 149) recruited from social media, the current study examined the mediating roles of anticipated discrimination and depressive symptoms on the relation between healthcare discrimination and treatment adherence in a serial mediation model.Results: We found that healthcare discrimination was associated with greater anticipated discrimination, increased depressive symptoms, and, in turn, poorer treatment adherence. Conclusion: These findings highlight the association between minority stress and both depressive symptoms and treatment adherence among SGM individuals living with chronic illness. Addressing institutional discrimination and the consequences of minority stress may improve treatment adherence among SGM individuals living with chronic illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron D Brooks
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah A Job
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Andréa R Kaniuka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Rachel Kolb
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Fabiana Araújo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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5
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Job SA, Kaniuka AR, Reeves KM, Brooks BD. Interactions of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity with Race/Ethnicity in Prevalence of Lifetime and Current Asthma Diagnosis. LGBT Health 2023. [PMID: 36946646 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2022.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The current study explored how sexual orientation and gender identity interact with race/ethnicity to predict self-reported lifetime and current diagnosis of asthma. Methods: Using the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey, we conducted logistic regression analyses, weighted for complex samples, stratified by sexual orientation and gender identity, and controlling for race/ethnicity, age, smoking, population density, and body mass index. Results: Analyses showed that there were significantly higher adjusted odds of lifetime asthma among gay men and bisexual men in comparison to heterosexual men, gay/lesbian women and bisexual women in comparison to heterosexual women, and transgender men in comparison to cisgender individuals. In addition, analyses showed that there were significantly higher odds of current asthma among women with other minority sexual orientations in comparison to heterosexual women. Finally, there was a significant interaction between race/ethnicity and sexual orientation among men. Conclusions: Sexual minority men of color might be particularly vulnerable to chronic asthma. Future research should examine asthma prevalence in sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals of specific marginalized racial/ethnic groups. Future responses to SGM asthma inequities should include low-cost screening and treatment targeting SGM individuals, and policies improving air quality in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Job
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Andréa R Kaniuka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Karli M Reeves
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Byron D Brooks
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Brooks BD, Smith ZR. Participant compensation in health equity research: How equitable is it? Fam Syst Health 2022; 40:415-417. [PMID: 36095227 DOI: 10.1037/fsh0000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this article, the authors highlight their experience in navigating outdated, inequitable policies at institutions and in advocating for changes that support health equity research with a focus on participant compensation. As two new assistant professors establishing their programs of health equity research, they call on colleagues to examine their practices of participant compensation while consider an intersectional and systems-level framework. Their goals are to develop culturally responsive interventions that bolster well-being and ameliorate harm caused by continuous exclusion or poor research methods. They highly recommend health equity researchers evaluate their institutions' research and financial practices to promote equitable payment options that are inclusive of everyone. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoe R Smith
- Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, University of Chicago
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7
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Cramer RJ, Kaniuka AR, Lange TM, Brooks BD, Feinstein BA, Hilgeman MM. A pilot evaluation of sexual and gender minority identity measures in a treatment-engaged military veteran sample. Am J Orthopsychiatry 2022; 92:442-451. [PMID: 35653719 PMCID: PMC10071515 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sexual and gender minority (SGM) military veterans have endured a history of discriminatory policies and hetero- and cis-sexist-related military culture that can negatively impact identity and mental health. The present pilot evaluation examined measure characteristics of the Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS) and lesbian, gay, and bisexual positive identity measure (LGB-PIM) in a clinical sample of SGM military veterans in order to assess the potential use of these instruments in understanding identity and mental health in the context of program implementation. A cross-sectional pilot survey of 83 SGM veterans was conducted in 10 veterans affairs sites. Self-report data were collected as part of a quality improvement project across 2018 and 2019. Results showed that the sample was characterized by low internalized prejudice and identity uncertainty, as well as generally high positive aspects of identity (e.g., identity affirmation, authenticity, social justice beliefs). LGB-PIM subscale internal consistency values were acceptable (α range = .89-.92), whereas LGBIS subscale values varied (α range = .51-.87). Acceptance concerns, identity uncertainty, and social justice beliefs distinguished mental health symptom severity levels. Higher identity uncertainty and social justice beliefs were associated with worse symptoms of depression, anxiety, and suicide risk. Preliminary results support further application and study of the LGB-PIM and some LGBIS subscales as possible tools in program development and improvement within military veteran samples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Brian A. Feinstein
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL
| | - Michelle M. Hilgeman
- Research & Development Service, Tuscaloosa VA Medical Center
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham
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Brooks BD, Kaniuka AR, Motley DN, Job SA, Williams SL. "We are just magic": A qualitative examination of self-love among Black same-gender loving men. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol 2022; 28:280-289. [PMID: 35201796 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Black same-gender loving men (BSGLM) represent a population with understudied lived experiences as both racial and sexual minority individuals. Most existing research among BSGLM focuses on sexual health outcomes in the context of minority stress, without consideration of the full experiences of BSGLM or strengths-based approaches. The present study aimed to address this gap in the literature by examining self-love among BSGLM using a phenomenological qualitative approach. METHOD Adult BSGLM in the U.S. (n = 19; Mage = 31.79 years [SD = 8.88]) were recruited online and completed interviews via phone and video conferencing. Data were coded independently by two trained coders via an iterative approach that included in vivo coding and line-by-line comparative coding. Codes were grouped thematically, guided by sexual minority identity and positive psychology literature. RESULTS Three major themes related to self-love among BSGLM emerged: (a) Freedom of identity, meaning participants' ability to construct an identity outside of societal expectations; (b) Community connection and pride, or participants' connection to and pride derived from the BSGLM community; and (c) Adversarial growth and resilience, or ways that adversity related to BSGLM identity generated personal growth. CONCLUSIONS Current findings may have clinical implications. Using narrative therapy approach, facilitating connectedness to the BSGLM community, and implementing gratitude interventions in therapeutic settings may enhance self-love and positive self-regard among BSGLM. Future research should continue to give voice to the full lived experience of BSGLM. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Kaniuka AR, Job SA, Brooks BD, Guo Y, Bowling J. Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Initiation and Completion Among Heterosexual and Sexual Minority U.S. Adults. LGBT Health 2022; 9:177-185. [PMID: 35180364 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2021.0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The current study examined the relationship between sexual orientation and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination status (no vaccination vs. vaccination initiation [one to two doses] or completion [three or more doses]) among a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. Methods: Pooled Integrated Public Use Microdata Series-National Health Interview Survey data from 2013 to 2017 were used. The analysis sample (N = 35,266) reported on HPV vaccination status, sexual orientation, and demographic covariates. Multinomial logistic regression, stratified by sex, was conducted to assess the relationship between sexual orientation and HPV vaccination status. Results: Most of the sample (80.37%) had not received any HPV vaccination dose, and only ∼10% reported vaccine completion (three or more doses). After adjusting for demographic covariates, gay and bisexual males were more likely than heterosexual males to initiate (gay: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.67-3.62; bisexual: AOR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.28-4.12) and complete (gay: AOR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.45-4.65; bisexual: AOR = 3.20, 95% CI = 1.56-6.55) HPV vaccination. Bisexual females were more likely than heterosexual females to initiate (AOR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.55-2.54) and complete (AOR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.23-1.86) HPV vaccination. Females of another sexual orientation were less likely than heterosexual females to complete HPV vaccination (AOR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.26-0.92). Conclusions: HPV vaccination remains low across sexual orientation groups. Sexual minority status may be a promotive factor in HPV vaccination for specific subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea R Kaniuka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah A Job
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Byron D Brooks
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yuqi Guo
- School of Social Work, College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA.,School of Data Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jessamyn Bowling
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
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10
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Brooks BD, Kaniuka AR, Rabon JK, Sirois FM, Hirsch JK. Social Support and Subjective Health in Fibromyalgia: Self-Compassion as a Mediator. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2022; 29:375-383. [PMID: 35001253 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-021-09832-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with fibromyalgia report lower levels of health-related quality of life (HRQL) compared to other chronically ill populations and interpersonal factors (i.e., social support) may influence risk. What is less understood is how intrapersonal factors (i.e., self-compassion) may impact the social support-HRQL linkage. We examined the association between social support and HRQL in a sample of persons with fibromyalgia and tested the potential mediating role of self-compassion. Self-identified adults in the United States with fibromyalgia (N = 508) were recruited from state, regional, and national organizations and support groups and completed an online battery of self-report questionnaires including: Multidimensional Health Profile-Psychosocial Functioning Index, Short-Form 36 Health Survey, and Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form. Individuals with greater subjective social support reported higher levels of self-compassion and, in turn, higher mental HRQL. These findings provide greater information about psychosocial constructs and HRQL and extend our understanding of self-compassion among individuals living with fibromyalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron D Brooks
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 West Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA. .,Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Andrea R Kaniuka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | - Fuschia M Sirois
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jameson K Hirsch
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
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Kaniuka AR, Kelliher Rabon J, Brooks BD, Sirois F, Kleiman E, Hirsch JK. Gratitude and suicide risk among college students: Substantiating the protective benefits of being thankful. J Am Coll Health 2021; 69:660-667. [PMID: 31944902 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1705838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gratitude, or thankfulness for positive aspects of life, is related to psychosocial well-being and decreased psychopathology, and may reduce suicide risk. We explored four potential hypotheses purported to explain the beneficial outcomes of gratitude (schematic, positive affect, broaden-and-build, and coping), hypothesizing that hopelessness (schematic), depression (positive affect), social support (broaden-and-build), and substance use (coping) would mediate the gratitude-suicide linkage. Participants: 913 undergraduate students from a mid-size, southeastern U.S. university. Methods: Respondents completed online self-report questionnaires including the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised, Gratitude Questionnaire, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Duke Social Support Index, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, and Drug Abuse Screening Test. Results: Supporting theory and hypotheses, gratitude was related to less suicide risk via beneficial associations with hopelessness, depression, social support, and substance misuse. Conclusions: The linkage between gratitude and suicide risk appears to be predicated on the beneficial association of gratitude to negative mood and interpersonal functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea R Kaniuka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, USA
| | | | - Byron D Brooks
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, USA
| | - Fuschia Sirois
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Evan Kleiman
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Jameson K Hirsch
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, USA
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12
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Hirsch JK, Hall BB, Wise HA, Brooks BD, Chang EC, Sirois FM. Negative life events and suicide risk in college students: Conditional indirect effects of hopelessness and self-compassion. J Am Coll Health 2021; 69:546-553. [PMID: 31765290 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1692023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Suicide risk is a significant public health concern for college students and may be exacerbated by hopelessness resulting from negative life events (NLE), yet may be ameliorated by self-compassion. We examined the mediating role of hopelessness in the relation between NLE and suicidal behavior, and the moderating influence of self-compassion on all model paths. Participants: Participants were 338 undergraduates (89% white; 67% female). Data were collected from December 2014 to December 2015. Methods: Participants completed the Life Events Checklist for College Students, Beck Hopelessness Inventory, Self-Compassion Scale, and Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire - Revised. Results: Negative life events were related to greater hopelessness and, in turn, to more suicidal behavior, yet self-compassion attenuated this effect. Conclusions: Self-compassion may buffer the NLE-hopelessness linkage, thereby reducing suicide risk among college students. Therapeutic promotion of self-compassion, and reduction of hopelessness, may be important suicide prevention strategies on college campuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameson K Hirsch
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Benjamin B Hall
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Haley A Wise
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Byron D Brooks
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Edward C Chang
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fuschia M Sirois
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK, USA
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13
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Kaniuka AR, Job SA, Brooks BD, Williams SL. Gratitude and lower suicidal ideation among sexual minority individuals: theoretical mechanisms of the protective role of attention to the positive. The Journal of Positive Psychology 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2020.1818814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea R. Kaniuka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Sarah A. Job
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Byron D. Brooks
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Stacey L. Williams
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
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14
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Brooks BD, Job SA, Clark EA, Todd EA, Williams SL. Concealment as a moderator of anticipated stigma and psychiatric symptoms. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19359705.2020.1721037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Byron D. Brooks
- Social Issues and Relations Lab, Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sarah A. Job
- Social Issues and Relations Lab, Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Emily A. Clark
- Social Issues and Relations Lab, Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Emerson A. Todd
- Social Issues and Relations Lab, Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stacey L. Williams
- Social Issues and Relations Lab, Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
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15
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Hirsch JK, Treaster MK, Kaniuka AR, Brooks BD, Sirois FM, Kohls N, Nöfer E, Toussaint LL, Offenbächer M. Fibromyalgia impact and depressive symptoms: Can perceiving a silver lining make a difference? Scand J Psychol 2019; 61:543-548. [PMID: 31828799 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with fibromyalgia are at greater risk for depressive symptoms than the general population, and this may be partially attributable to physical symptoms that impair day-to-day functioning. However, individual-level protective characteristics may buffer risk for psychopathology. For instance, the ability to perceive a "silver lining" in one's illness may be related to better mental and physical health. We examined perceived silver lining as a potential moderator of the relation between fibromyalgia impact and depressive symptoms. Our sample of persons with fibromyalgia (N = 401) completed self-report measures including the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire-Revised, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, and the Silver Lining Questionnaire. Moderation analyses covaried age, sex, and ethnicity. Supporting hypotheses, increasing impact of disease was related to greater depressive symptoms, and perceptions of a silver lining attenuated that association. Despite the linkage between impairment and depressive symptoms, identifying positive aspects or outcomes of illness may reduce risk for psychopathology. Therapeutically promoting perception of a silver lining, perhaps via signature strengths exercises or a blessings journal, and encouraging cognitive reframing of the illness experience, perhaps via Motivational Interviewing or Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, may reduce depressive symptoms in persons with fibromyalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameson K Hirsch
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, USA
| | - Morgan K Treaster
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, USA
| | - Andrea R Kaniuka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, USA
| | - Byron D Brooks
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, USA
| | - Fuschia M Sirois
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Niko Kohls
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Eberhard Nöfer
- Division of Integrative Health Promotion, Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Coburg, Germany
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Hirsch JK, Sirois FM, Visser PL, Brooks BD, Kohls N, Offenbächer M, Toussaint L. Perceived stigma and health-related quality of life in the working uninsured: Does thwarted belongingness play a role? Stigma and Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1037/sah0000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Daller JR, Wong J, Brooks BD, McKee JS. An inexpensive system for evaluating the tussive and anti-tussive properties of chemicals in conscious, unrestrained guinea pigs. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2012; 66:232-7. [PMID: 22796572 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Commercial whole-body plethysmography systems used to evaluate the anti-tussive potential of drugs employ sophisticated technology, but these systems may be cost prohibitive for some laboratories. The present study describes an alternative, inexpensive system for evaluating the tussive and anti-tussive potential of drugs in conscious, unrestrained guinea pigs. METHODS The system is composed of a transparent small animal anesthesia induction box fitted with a microphone, a camera and a pneumotachometer to simultaneously capture audio, video, air flow and air pressure in real time. Data acquisition and analysis was performed using free software for audio and video, and a research pneumotach system for flow and pressure. System suitability testing was performed by exposing conscious, unrestrained guinea pigs to nebulized aqueous solutions of a selective agonist for TRPV1 (citric acid) or a selective agonist for TRPA1 (AITC), with or without pre-treatment with a selective antagonist for TRPV1 (BCTC) or a selective antagonist for TRPA1 (HC-030031). RESULTS The system easily discerned coughs from other respiratory events like sneezes. System suitability test results are as follows: AITC caused 10.7 (SEM=1.4592) coughs vs. 5.8 (SEM=1.6553) when pre-treated with HC-030031 (P<0.05). Citric acid caused 12.4 (SEM=1.4697) coughs vs. 3.2 (SEM=1.3928) when pre-treated with BCTC (P<0.002). DISCUSSION We have described in detail an inexpensive system for evaluating the tussive and anti-tussive potential of chemicals in conscious, unrestrained guinea pigs. Suitability testing indicates that the system is comparable to a commercial whole-body plethysmography system for detecting and differentiating between coughs and sneezes. This system may provide some investigators a cost-conscious alternative to more expensive commercial whole-body plethysmography systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Daller
- Technology Resources, Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Round Lake, IL 60073, USA.
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Patt DA, Espirito JL, Turnwald B, Hoverman JR, Neubauer MA, Busby LT, Brooks BD, Kolodziej MA, Anderson RW, Beveridge RA. PD06-05: Primary and Secondary Pegfilgrastim Utilization in Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer in the Community. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs11-pd06-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Various factors are taken into consideration in the selection of adjuvant breast cancer (BC) chemotherapy (CT) regimens for patients. Choice of CT, schedule, duration, and supportive care affects costs and toxicity. Understanding clinical practice utilization patterns are important when making cost estimates of adjuvant therapy. Because pegfilgrastim is a large driver of cost it is important to understand the utilization characteristics. We aimed to characterize primary and secondary pegfilgrastim use during neoadjuvant/adjuvant (N/Ad) chemotherapy by regimen type. While initial data suggests the incidence of febrile neutropenia (FN) is low among some docetaxel containing regimens, we wanted to further characterize pegfilgrastim utilization, as previous utilization studies suggested it was higher than expected.
Methods: Using the US Oncology iKnowMed™ EHR database, we retrospectively identified female BC patients (pts) diagnosed with stage I-III BC, between 7/2006 and 11/2010. Secondary diagnoses were excluded. Pts were characterized by age, ER and HER2 status, tumor size, grade, and nodes. CT utilization was determined by the number of pts assigned an N/Ad line of therapy (LOT) during the study period. Regimens were categorized by CT title and drugs. Clinical trial pts were included. Pegfilgrastim utilization was characterized if administered within 6 months of being assigned to an N/Ad CT regimen, and was captured as primary prophylaxis if the first dose was administered <5 days of C1D1 of a regimen, and secondary prophylaxis if >5days.
Results: General chemotherapy and pegfilgrastim utilization characteristics were previously reported. This report captures primary vs. secondary pegfilgrastim use. During the time period, 40,881 BC pts were identified. Of these, 15,328 pts (37%) were assigned an N/Ad CT regimen and 72% (11, 022 pts) received pegfilgrastim at any time within 6 months of their N/Ad regimen. Docetaxel containing regimens (TC, TAC, TCH) and dose-dense regimens accounted for the majority of all pegfilgrastim use. Pegfilgrastim utilization with the TC regimen was 70%, and represented 25% of all N/Ad pegfilgrastim utilization. The vast majority of utilization for TC and TCH was primary prophylaxis as detailed below:
Conclusions: While primary prophylaxis in regimens like dose-dense AC and TAC are expected, the primary utilization of pegfilgrastim in TC and TCH is higher than expected based on published clinical trial experience. The incidence of FN has been reported at 5% in the clinical trial by Jones et al with TC, however subsequent reports suggest the incidence of FN may be higher than expected. Our results demonstrate high primary prophylaxis utilization adoption in clinical practice. With the availability of generic docetaxel, commonly used drugs in adjuvant BC except trastuzumab have generic equivalents. Pegfilgrastim will be the largest cost driver in women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and should be considered among cost estimates. This study may underestimate utilization of pegfilgrastim if it was administered outside of the cancer center.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD06-05.
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Affiliation(s)
- DA Patt
- 1Texas Oncology, TX; US Oncology, TX; Kansas City Cancer Center, KS; Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, CO; New York Oncology Hematology, NY
| | - JL Espirito
- 1Texas Oncology, TX; US Oncology, TX; Kansas City Cancer Center, KS; Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, CO; New York Oncology Hematology, NY
| | - B Turnwald
- 1Texas Oncology, TX; US Oncology, TX; Kansas City Cancer Center, KS; Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, CO; New York Oncology Hematology, NY
| | - JR Hoverman
- 1Texas Oncology, TX; US Oncology, TX; Kansas City Cancer Center, KS; Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, CO; New York Oncology Hematology, NY
| | - MA Neubauer
- 1Texas Oncology, TX; US Oncology, TX; Kansas City Cancer Center, KS; Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, CO; New York Oncology Hematology, NY
| | - LT Busby
- 1Texas Oncology, TX; US Oncology, TX; Kansas City Cancer Center, KS; Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, CO; New York Oncology Hematology, NY
| | - BD Brooks
- 1Texas Oncology, TX; US Oncology, TX; Kansas City Cancer Center, KS; Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, CO; New York Oncology Hematology, NY
| | - MA Kolodziej
- 1Texas Oncology, TX; US Oncology, TX; Kansas City Cancer Center, KS; Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, CO; New York Oncology Hematology, NY
| | - RW Anderson
- 1Texas Oncology, TX; US Oncology, TX; Kansas City Cancer Center, KS; Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, CO; New York Oncology Hematology, NY
| | - RA Beveridge
- 1Texas Oncology, TX; US Oncology, TX; Kansas City Cancer Center, KS; Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, CO; New York Oncology Hematology, NY
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Gonda T, Daniel EE, McDonald TJ, Fox JE, Brooks BD, Oki M. Distribution and function of enteric GAL-IR nerves in dogs: comparison with VIP. Am J Physiol 1989; 256:G884-96. [PMID: 2470259 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.1989.256.5.g884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of nerves containing galanin-immunoreactive (GAL-IR) material was compared to the distribution of neurons containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) immunoreactivity in the canine gastrointestinal tract. The actions of intra-arterially administered galanin and VIP on motility in the gastric antrum and corpus and the intestines were also studied. All sphincter muscles contained galanin- and VIP-immunoreactive nerve profiles. VIP-immunoreactive nerve profiles were present in all layers of the stomach, small intestine, and colon. GAL-IR nerve somata were common in the submucous plexus of ileum and colon and in the myenteric plexus of the terminal antrum, as were nerve processes in various layers. In the small intestine, galanin inhibited contractile responses to field stimulation of intrinsic nerves and also reduced the contractions after nerve blockade with tetrodotoxin (TTX). VIP often enhanced field-stimulated contractions at low doses but inhibited these and the contractions after TTX at higher doses. In the stomach and colon, both peptides inhibited responses to field stimulation; whether these effects were due to actions on smooth muscle was not tested. The distribution and actions of galanin in gut are consistent with the hypothesis that it acts at smooth muscle sites and possibly at prejunctional sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gonda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University Health Sciences Center, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Jones SE, Mennel RG, Peters GN, Westrick MA, Brooks BD, Knox SM, McGuffey P. Phase I trial of adjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, epirubicin and 5-fluorouracil (CEF) for stage II breast cancer. Invest New Drugs 1988; 6:195-8. [PMID: 2847991 DOI: 10.1007/bf00175397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Epirubicin is a new anthracycline with a potentially more favorable toxicity profile than the parent compound, doxorubicin. Accordingly, the feasibility and toxicity of 6 courses of adjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide (C), epirubicin (E), and 5-fluorouracil (F) were assessed in 10 patients with Stage 2 (node positive) breast cancer. Doses of C and F were 600 mg/m2 and E was 75 mg/m2. Moderate granulocytopenia (median count = 610/mm3) occurred on day 14 of the first 21 day treatment course and was the main toxicity encountered with treatment, although there were no episodes of granulocytopenic fever. Grade 3 or 4 vomiting occurred in 40% and significant alopecia in 30% of patients. Four patients experienced transient asymptomatic decreases in calculated radionuclide cardiac ejection fraction of greater than or equal to 10% but no signs or symptoms of cardiac failure were observed. If epirubicin proves to be less cardiotoxic than doxorubicin, this combination would merit further evaluation as potential adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Jones
- Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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McDonald TJ, Christofi FL, Brooks BD, Barnett W, Cook MA. Characterization of content and chromatographic forms of neuropeptides in purified nerve varicosities prepared from guinea pig myenteric plexus. Regul Pept 1988; 21:69-83. [PMID: 2455923 DOI: 10.1016/0167-0115(88)90092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Partially purified nerve varicosities (PV) prepared from guinea pig ileal myenteric plexus were found to contain, by radioimmunoassay, gastrin-releasing polypeptide (GRP), substance P (SP), galanin, Leu-enkephalin (LE), Met-enkephalin (ME), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). SP was present in the highest concentration followed by, in descending order, ME, LE, VIP, GRP and galanin. On reverse-phase HPLC, SP-, LE- and ME-like immunoreactivity in the PV preparation eluted at retention times similar to their synthetic analogues, galanin-like immunoreactivity eluted at a retention time different from that of synthetic porcine galanin and VIP-like immunoreactivity eluted at the retention time of synthetic guinea pig VIP. GRP-like immunoreactivity, on reverse-phase HPLC, eluted at retention times close to that of synthetic porcine GRP-(1-27) and its major oxidized form. Evidence was obtained for the presence of an alpha-neurokinin-like immunoreactive entity and an unidentified SP-like immunoreactive entity in guinea pig myenteric plexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J McDonald
- Department of Medicine, Robarts Research Institute University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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