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Leroux-Roels I, Van Ranst M, Vandermeulen C, Abeele CV, De Schrevel N, Salaun B, Verheust C, David MP, Kotb S, Hulstrøm V. Safety and Immunogenicity of a Revaccination With a Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Vaccine in Older Adults: A Phase 2b Study. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:355-366. [PMID: 37699064 PMCID: PMC10873183 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the previous (parent) study, 2 doses of different formulations of an investigational vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSVPreF3 OA) were well tolerated and immunogenic in older adults. This multicenter phase 2b extension study assessed safety and immunogenicity of a revaccination (third) dose of the 120 μg RSVPreF3-AS01E formulation. METHODS In total, 122 older adults (60-80 years), previously vaccinated with 2 doses of RSVPreF3-AS01E formulations (containing 30, 60, or 120 μg RSVPreF3 antigen), received an additional 120 μg RSVPreF3-AS01E dose 18 months after dose 2. Vaccine safety was evaluated in all participants up to 6 months and immunogenicity in participants who received 120 μg RSVPreF3-AS01E doses until 1 month after dose 3. RESULTS Similar to the parent study, mostly mild-to-moderate solicited adverse events and no vaccine-related serious adverse events or potential immune-mediated disorders were reported. Neutralizing titers and cell-mediated immune responses persisted for 18 months after 2-dose vaccination. Dose 3 increased RSV-specific neutralizing titers against RSV-A and RSV-B and median CD4+ T-cell frequencies. After dose 3, RSV-specific neutralizing titers but not CD4+ T-cell frequencies were below levels detected 1 month after dose 1. CONCLUSIONS Revaccination with 120 μg RSVPreF3-AS01E 18 months after dose 2 is well tolerated and immunogenic in older adults. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT04657198; EudraCT, 2020-000692-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Leroux-Roels
- Centre for Vaccinology, Ghent University and Ghent University HospitalGhent, Belgium
| | - Marc Van Ranst
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Corinne Vandermeulen
- Leuven University Vaccinology Centre, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Ison MG, Papi A, Athan E, Feldman RG, Langley JM, Lee DG, Leroux-Roels I, Martinon-Torres F, Schwarz TF, van Zyl-Smit RN, Verheust C, Dezutter N, Gruselle O, Fissette L, David MP, Kostanyan L, Hulstrøm V, Olivier A, Van der Wielen M, Descamps D. Efficacy and safety of respiratory syncytial virus prefusion F protein vaccine (RSVPreF3 OA) in older adults over 2 RSV seasons. Clin Infect Dis 2024:ciae010. [PMID: 38253338 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adjuvanted RSV prefusion F protein-based vaccine (RSVPreF3 OA) was efficacious against RSV-related lower respiratory tract disease (RSV-LRTD) in ≥60-year-olds over 1 RSV season. We evaluated efficacy and safety of 1 RSVPreF3 OA dose and of 2 RSVPreF3 OA doses given 1 year apart against RSV-LRTD over 2 RSV seasons post-dose 1. METHODS In this phase 3, blinded trial, ≥60-year-olds were randomized (1:1) to receive RSVPreF3 OA or placebo pre-season 1. RSVPreF3 OA recipients were re-randomized (1:1) to receive a second RSVPreF3 OA dose (RSV_revaccination group) or placebo (RSV_1dose group) pre-season 2; participants who received placebo pre-season 1 received placebo pre-season 2 (placebo group). Efficacy of both vaccine regimens against RSV-LRTD was evaluated over 2 seasons combined (confirmatory secondary objective, success criterion: lower limits of 2-sided confidence intervals [CIs] around efficacy estimates >20%). RESULTS The efficacy analysis comprised 24,967 participants (RSV_1dose: 6227, RSV_revaccination: 6242, placebo: 12,498). Median efficacy follow-up was 17.8 months. Efficacy over 2 seasons of 1 RSVPreF3 OA dose was 67.2% (97.5% CI: 48.2-80.0) against RSV-LRTD and 78.8% (95% CI: 52.6-92.0) against severe RSV-LRTD. Efficacy over 2 seasons of a first dose followed by revaccination was 67.1% (97.5% CI: 48.1-80.0) against RSV-LRTD and 78.8% (95% CI: 52.5-92.0) against severe RSV-LRTD. Reactogenicity/safety of the revaccination dose were similar to dose 1. CONCLUSION One RSVPreF3 OA dose was efficacious against RSV-LRTD over 2 RSV seasons in ≥60-year-olds. Revaccination 1 year post-dose 1 was well tolerated but did not seem to provide additional efficacy benefit in the overall study population. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT04886596.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Papi
- Pulmonary Division, University of Ferrara, St. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eugene Athan
- Barwon Health, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, Victoria; Centre for Innovation in Infectious Diseases and Immunology Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Joanne M Langley
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, IWK Health and Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Canada
| | - Dong-Gun Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Isabel Leroux-Roels
- Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Federico Martinon-Torres
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela; Genetics, Vaccines, Infectious Diseases, and Pediatrics Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela; Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tino F Schwarz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Vaccination Center, Klinikum Würzburg Mitte, Campus Juliusspital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Richard N van Zyl-Smit
- Division of Pulmonology and University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
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Kotb S, Haranaka M, Folschweiller N, Nakanwagi P, Verheust C, De Schrevel N, David MP, Mesaros N, Hulstrøm V. Safety and immunogenicity of a respiratory syncytial virus prefusion F protein (RSVPreF3) candidate vaccine in older Japanese adults: A phase I, randomized, observer-blind clinical trial. Respir Investig 2023; 61:261-269. [PMID: 36641341 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes lower respiratory tract infection, with a high burden of disease among adults ≥60 years. This study assessed the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of an investigational adjuvanted RSV vaccine (RSVPreF3/AS01B) in Japanese adults aged 60-80 years. METHODS Forty participants were randomized to receive two doses of RSVPreF3/AS01B or the placebo, in a 1:1 ratio, two months apart, in this placebo-controlled study. Solicited administration-site and systemic adverse events (AEs) were collected within 7 days and unsolicited AEs within 30 days post-vaccination. Serious AEs (SAEs) and potential immune-mediated diseases (pIMDs) were collected throughout the study (12 months post-dose 2). RSVPreF3-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody concentrations and neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers against RSV-A were evaluated on day (D)1, D31, D61, D91 and those against RSV-B on D1, D31, D91. RESULTS Solicited AEs were reported more frequently in RSVPreF3/AS01B recipients (80.0%-90.0%) than in placebo recipients (10.0%-20.0%). Two RSVPreF3/AS01B recipients experienced grade 3 solicited AEs. Rate of unsolicited AEs were similar (30.0%-35.0%) in both groups. No RSVPreF3/AS01B recipient reported SAEs/pIMDs, while one placebo recipient reported two SAEs that were unrelated to vaccination. Baseline RSVPreF3-specific IgG and RSV-A/-B nAb levels were above the assay cut-off values. In the RSVPreF3/AS01B group, RSVPreF3-specific IgG concentrations increased 12.8-fold on D31 and 9.2-fold on D91 versus baseline while nAb titers increased 7.3-fold (RSV-A) and 8.4-fold (RSV-B) on D31 and 6.3-fold (RSV-A) and 9.9-fold (RSV-B) on D91. CONCLUSIONS The RSVPreF3/AS01B vaccine was well tolerated and immunogenic in older Japanese adults. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04090658.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shady Kotb
- GSK, Avenue Flemming 20, 1300 Wavre, Belgium.
| | - Miwa Haranaka
- SOUSEIKAI PS Clinic, Random Square 8th Fl, 6-18, Tenyamachi, Hakata-Ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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Leroux-Roels I, Davis MG, Steenackers K, Essink B, Vandermeulen C, Fogarty C, Andrews CP, Kerwin E, David MP, Fissette L, Abeele CV, Collete D, de Heusch M, Salaun B, De Schrevel N, Koch J, Verheust C, Dezutter N, Struyf F, Mesaros N, Tica J, Hulstrøm V. Safety and immunogenicity of a respiratory syncytial virus prefusion F (RSVPreF3) candidate vaccine in older adults: phase I/II randomized clinical trial. J Infect Dis 2022; 227:761-772. [PMID: 35904987 PMCID: PMC10044090 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to investigate safety and immunogenicity of vaccine formulations against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) containing the stabilized prefusion conformation of RSV fusion protein (RSVPreF3). METHODS This phase I/II, randomized, controlled, observer-blind study enrolled 48 young adults (YA; 18-40 years) and 1005 older adults (OA; 60-80 years) between January and August 2019. Participants were randomized into equally sized groups to receive two doses of unadjuvanted (YA and OA) or AS01-adjuvanted (OA) vaccine or placebo two months apart. Vaccine safety and immunogenicity were assessed until one (YA) or 12 months (OA) after second vaccination. RESULTS The RSVPreF3 vaccines boosted humoral (RSVPreF3-specific IgG and RSV-A neutralizing antibody) responses, which increased in an antigen-concentration-dependent manner and were highest post-dose one. Compared to pre-vaccination, the geometric mean frequencies of polyfunctional CD4+ T-cells increased after each dose and were significantly higher in adjuvanted than unadjuvanted vaccinees. Post-vaccination immune responses persisted until end of follow-up. Solicited adverse events (AEs) were mostly mild-to-moderate and transient. Despite a higher observed reactogenicity of AS01-containing vaccines, no safety concerns were identified for any assessed formulation. CONCLUSIONS Based on safety and immunogenicity profiles, the AS01E-adjuvanted vaccine containing 120 μg of RSVPreF3 was selected for further clinical development. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03814590; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03814590.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Leroux-Roels
- Center for Vaccinology (CEVAC), Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthew G Davis
- Rochester Clinical Research, Rochester, NY 14609, United States
| | - Katie Steenackers
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Brandon Essink
- Meridian Clinical Research Omaha, Omaha, NE 68134, United States
| | - Corinne Vandermeulen
- Leuven University Vaccinology Center, Department of Public Health & Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charles Fogarty
- Lung and Chest Medical Associates, Spartanburg Medical Research, Spartanburg, SC 29303, United States
| | | | - Edward Kerwin
- Crisor, LLC c/o Clinical Research Institute of Southern Oregon, Medford, OR 97504, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Juliane Koch
- UCB Pharma GmbH, Alfred-Nobel-Strasse 10, 40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | | | | | - Frank Struyf
- Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Narcisa Mesaros
- Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Jelena Tica
- Janssen-Cilag GmbH, Johnson & Johnson Platz 1, 41470 Neuss, Germany
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Folschweiller N, Vanden Abeele C, Chu L, Van Damme P, García-Sastre A, Krammer F, Nachbagauer R, Palese P, Solórzano A, Bi D, David MP, Friel D, Innis BL, Koch J, Mallett CP, Rouxel RN, Salaun B, Vantomme V, Verheust C, Struyf F. Reactogenicity, safety, and immunogenicity of chimeric haemagglutinin influenza split-virion vaccines, adjuvanted with AS01 or AS03 or non-adjuvanted: a phase 1–2 randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2022; 22:1062-1075. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Puente Gómez I, Verheust C, Hanssens L, Dolhain J. Safety profile of Infanrix hexa – 17 years of GSK’s passive post-marketing surveillance. Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 19:771-779. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1800458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Linda Hanssens
- GSK, Wavre, Belgium
- Miltenyi Biomedicine, Bergisch Gladbach, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
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Verheust C, Goossens M, Pauwels K, Breyer D. Biosafety aspects of modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)-based vectors used for gene therapy or vaccination. Vaccine 2012; 30:2623-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katia Pauwels
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
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Verheust C, Fornelos N, Mahillon J. GIL16, a new gram-positive tectiviral phage related to the Bacillus thuringiensis GIL01 and the Bacillus cereus pBClin15 elements. J Bacteriol 2005; 187:1966-73. [PMID: 15743944 PMCID: PMC1064052 DOI: 10.1128/jb.187.6.1966-1973.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most notable characteristics of Tectiviridae resides in their double-layer coats: the double-stranded DNA is located within a flexible lipoprotein vesicle covered by a rigid protein capsid. Despite their apparent rarity, tectiviruses have an extremely wide distribution compared to other phage groups. Members of this family have been found to infect gram-negative (PRD1 and relatives) as well as gram-positive (Bam35, GIL01, AP50, and phiNS11) hosts. Several reports have shown that tectiviruses infecting gram-negative bacteria are closely related, whereas no information is currently available on the genetic relationship among those infecting gram-positive bacteria. The present study reports the sequence of GIL16, a new isolate originating from Bacillus thuringiensis, and a genetic comparison of this isolate with the tectiviral bacteriophages Bam35 and GIL01, which originated from B. thuringiensis serovars Alesti and Israelensis, respectively. In contrast to PRD1 and its relatives, these are temperate bacteriophages existing as autonomous linear prophages within the host cell. Mutations in a particular motif in both the GIL01 and GIL16 phages are also shown to correlate with a switch to the lytic cycle. Interestingly, both bacterial viruses displayed narrow, yet slightly different, host spectrums. We also explore the hypothesis that pBClin15, a linear plasmid hosted by the Bacillus cereus reference strain ATCC 14579, is also a prophage. Sequencing of its inverted repeats at both extremities and a comparison with GIL01 and GIL16 emphasize its relationship to the Tectiviridae.
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Verheust C, Fornelos N, Mahillon J. The Bacillus thuringiensis phage GIL01 encodes two enzymes with peptidoglycan hydrolase activity. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2004; 237:289-95. [PMID: 15321675 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsle.2004.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2004] [Revised: 06/28/2004] [Accepted: 06/28/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage GIL01, infecting Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis, possesses a linear dsDNA genome of 14,931 bp with proteins attached to its 5' extremities and terminal inverted repeats at both ends. Viral particles are sensitive to organic solvents, suggesting that a lipid membrane is present in the capsid. All these characteristics are reminiscent of those found in members of the Tectiviridae family. Sequence analysis of GIL01 revealed the presence of two open reading frames (ORF25 and ORF30) encoding potential lytic enzymes, which were cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The muralytic activity of these two proteins, designated Mur1 and Mur2 respectively, was confirmed in situ using renaturing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gels containing bacterial cell wall preparations. While Mur2 degrading activity is limited to B. thuringiensis israelensis, Mur1 has a broader cleavage spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Verheust
- Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud, 2/12, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Verheust C, Jensen G, Mahillon J. pGIL01, a linear tectiviral plasmid prophage originating from Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis. Microbiology (Reading) 2003; 149:2083-2092. [PMID: 12904548 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.26307-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis harbours, in addition to several circular plasmids, a small linear molecule of about 15 kb. Sequence analysis of this molecule, named pGIL01, showed the presence of at least 30 ORFs, five of which displayed similarity with proteins involved in phage systems: a B-type family DNA polymerase, a LexA-like repressor, two potential muramidases and a DNA-packaging protein (distantly related to the P9 protein of the tectiviral phage PRD1). Experimental evidence confirmed that pGIL01 indeed corresponds to the linear prophage of a temperate phage. This bacteriophage, named GIL01, produces small turbid plaques and is sensitive to organic solvents, which suggests the presence of lipid components in its capsid. Experiments using proteases and exonucleases also revealed that proteins are linked to the genomes of both pGIL01 prophage and GIL01 phage at their 5' extremities. Altogether, these features are reminiscent of those of phages found in the Tectiviridae family, and more specifically of those of PRD1, a broad-host-range phage of Gram-negative bacteria. Dot-blot hybridization, PFGE, PCR and RFLP analyses also showed the presence of pGIL01 variants in the Bacillus cereus group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Verheust
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud, 2/12, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Gert Jensen
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Lersø Parkallé, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacques Mahillon
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud, 2/12, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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