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Caldés A, Colom H, Armendariz Y, Garrido MJ, Troconiz IF, Gil-Vernet S, Lloberas N, Pou L, Peraire C, Grinyó JM. Population pharmacokinetics of ganciclovir after intravenous ganciclovir and oral valganciclovir administration in solid organ transplant patients infected with cytomegalovirus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:4816-24. [PMID: 19738014 PMCID: PMC2772326 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00085-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A population pharmacokinetics analysis was performed after intravenous ganciclovir and oral valganciclovir in solid organ transplant patients with cytomegalovirus. Patients received ganciclovir at 5 mg/kg of body weight (5 days) and then 900 mg of valganciclovir (16 days), both twice daily with dose adjustment for renal function. A total of 382 serum concentrations from days 5 and 15 were analyzed with NONMEM VI. Renal function given by creatinine clearance (CL(CR)) was the most influential covariate in CL. The final pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: ganciclovir clearance (CL) was 7.49.(CL(CR)/57) liter/h (57 was the mean population value of CL(CR)); the central and peripheral distribution volumes were 31.9 liters and 32.0 liters, respectively; intercompartmental clearance was 10.2 liter/h; the first-order absorption rate constant was 0.895 h(-1); bioavailability was 0.825; and lag time was 0.382 h. The CL(CR) was the best predictor of CL, making dose adjustment by this covariate important to achieve the most efficacious ganciclovir exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Caldés
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Biochemistry Service, Hospital Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H. Colom
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Biochemistry Service, Hospital Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Y. Armendariz
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Biochemistry Service, Hospital Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. J. Garrido
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Biochemistry Service, Hospital Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I. F. Troconiz
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Biochemistry Service, Hospital Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S. Gil-Vernet
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Biochemistry Service, Hospital Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N. Lloberas
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Biochemistry Service, Hospital Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L. Pou
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Biochemistry Service, Hospital Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C. Peraire
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Biochemistry Service, Hospital Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. M. Grinyó
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Biochemistry Service, Hospital Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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Solà J, Pruñonosa J, Colom H, Peraire C, Obach R. Determination of Ketorolac in Human Plasma by High Performance Liquid Chromatography After Automated On-Line Solid Phase Extraction. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079608006291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Solà
- a S. A. Lasa Laboratorios Department of Pharmacokinetics Crta. , Laurà Miró , 395 08980-Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Pruñonosa
- a S. A. Lasa Laboratorios Department of Pharmacokinetics Crta. , Laurà Miró , 395 08980-Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H. Colom
- a S. A. Lasa Laboratorios Department of Pharmacokinetics Crta. , Laurà Miró , 395 08980-Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C. Peraire
- a S. A. Lasa Laboratorios Department of Pharmacokinetics Crta. , Laurà Miró , 395 08980-Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R. Obach
- a S. A. Lasa Laboratorios Department of Pharmacokinetics Crta. , Laurà Miró , 395 08980-Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Peraire C, Arias JL, Bernal D, Pou J, León B, Arañó A, Roth W. Biological stability and osteoconductivity in rabbit tibia of pulsed laser deposited hydroxylapatite coatings. J Biomed Mater Res A 2006; 77:370-9. [PMID: 16425242 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A comparative study of the biological stability and the osteoconductivity of hydroxylapatite (HA) coatings produced by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and plasma spraying (PS) was conducted. Three different implant groups were used: grit-blasted titanium rods coated with HA-PLD (2-microm-thick), grit-blasted titanium rods coated with HA-PS (50-microm-thick), and uncoated. Implantation took place into the proximal tibia of 12 mature New Zealand White rabbits for 24 weeks. Samples were evaluated using descriptive histology and histomorphometry. While HA-PS implants showed considerable instability and reduction in thickness after 24 weeks, but no statistical difference to the titanium group, the HA-PLD group showed a significant higher amount of bone apposition (Scheffé test, p<0.05) than the other two groups, without signs of degradation or dissolution. Remarkably, after 6 months, the almost intact thin pulsed laser deposited coating could be observed by electron microscopy in extended areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Peraire
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Aplicado (CIDAsal), Polígono Industrial Santiga, Argenters, 6, E-08130 Sta. Perpetua de Mogoda, Barcelona, Spain
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Boix A, Peraire C, Obach R, Domenech J. Estimation of Transdermal Permeation Parameters in Non-stationary Diffusion Experiments. Application to Pre-treatment Studies with Terpenes. Pharm Res 2005; 22:94-102. [PMID: 15771235 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-004-9014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate the applicability of transdermal drug permeation parameters in a finite-dose model for skin pre-treated with terpenes and to evaluate the enhancing effect of some terpene formulations on alprazolam permeation. METHODS In vitro enhancement of alprazolam human skin permeation was investigated using a pretreatment with different terpene solutions. Vertical diffusion, Franz-type cells were used. Intrinsic drug permeation was also investigated. Transdermal permeation parameters were estimated from the permeation tabulates using different theoretical approaches for their calculation. Two groups of permeation parameters were calculated: modelistic (diffusion of a finite-dose of drug model) and parameters nondependent of a diffusional model. RESULTS In control experiments, all approaches of data treatment satisfactorily described the experimental permeation profiles. When skin pre-treatment was investigated, the fitting of a mathematical sigmoid function was much better than the diffusional approach. Pre-treatment of the skin with Limonene dissolved in ethanol / propylene glycol and Menthol dissolved in propylene glycol increased 15 and 10 times respectively the permeation parameters of alprazolam. CONCLUSIONS Using enhancers that are rapidly cleared from the skin, skin permeability does not remain constant during the permeation experiment and therefore it is not possible to calculate parameters that are usually true coefficients or definite values. In this case, non-modelistic parameters can be used to estimate an enhancing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Boix
- Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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5
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Lesimple T, Egreteau J, Fumoleau P, Campone M, Lortholary A, Soulié P, Peraire C, Principe P, Le Mosquet B, Granger C. Oral absorption of diflomotecan, a new E-ring modified camptothecin analogue, administered as soft-gel capsule. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.2045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. Lesimple
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France; Centre René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Centre Paul Papin, Angers, France; Ipsen Group, Barcelona, Spain; Ipsen Group, Paris, France
| | - J. Egreteau
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France; Centre René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Centre Paul Papin, Angers, France; Ipsen Group, Barcelona, Spain; Ipsen Group, Paris, France
| | - P. Fumoleau
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France; Centre René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Centre Paul Papin, Angers, France; Ipsen Group, Barcelona, Spain; Ipsen Group, Paris, France
| | - M. Campone
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France; Centre René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Centre Paul Papin, Angers, France; Ipsen Group, Barcelona, Spain; Ipsen Group, Paris, France
| | - A. Lortholary
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France; Centre René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Centre Paul Papin, Angers, France; Ipsen Group, Barcelona, Spain; Ipsen Group, Paris, France
| | - P. Soulié
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France; Centre René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Centre Paul Papin, Angers, France; Ipsen Group, Barcelona, Spain; Ipsen Group, Paris, France
| | - C. Peraire
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France; Centre René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Centre Paul Papin, Angers, France; Ipsen Group, Barcelona, Spain; Ipsen Group, Paris, France
| | - P. Principe
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France; Centre René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Centre Paul Papin, Angers, France; Ipsen Group, Barcelona, Spain; Ipsen Group, Paris, France
| | - B. Le Mosquet
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France; Centre René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Centre Paul Papin, Angers, France; Ipsen Group, Barcelona, Spain; Ipsen Group, Paris, France
| | - C. Granger
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France; Centre René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Centre Paul Papin, Angers, France; Ipsen Group, Barcelona, Spain; Ipsen Group, Paris, France
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Principe P, Troconiz IF, Segura C, Garrido MJ, Cendros JM, Peraire C, Obach R. Population PK/PD model for diflomotecan, a new E-ring modified camptothecin analogue, in patients of a phase I study. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.2046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P. Principe
- Ipsen Group, Paris, France; University of Nararra, Pamplona, Spain; Ipsen Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I. F. Troconiz
- Ipsen Group, Paris, France; University of Nararra, Pamplona, Spain; Ipsen Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C. Segura
- Ipsen Group, Paris, France; University of Nararra, Pamplona, Spain; Ipsen Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. J. Garrido
- Ipsen Group, Paris, France; University of Nararra, Pamplona, Spain; Ipsen Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. M. Cendros
- Ipsen Group, Paris, France; University of Nararra, Pamplona, Spain; Ipsen Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C. Peraire
- Ipsen Group, Paris, France; University of Nararra, Pamplona, Spain; Ipsen Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R. Obach
- Ipsen Group, Paris, France; University of Nararra, Pamplona, Spain; Ipsen Group, Barcelona, Spain
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Antonijoan RM, Barbanoj MJ, Cordero JA, Peraire C, Obach R, Vallès J, Chérif-Cheikh R, Torres ML, Bismuth F, Montes M. Pharmacokinetics of a new Autogel formulation of the somatostatin analogue lanreotide after a single subcutaneous dose in healthy volunteers. J Pharm Pharmacol 2004; 56:471-6. [PMID: 15099442 DOI: 10.1211/0022357023123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics/tolerability of lanreotide Autogel have been evaluated. Healthy volunteers (n = 24) first received immediate-release lanreotide as a single subcutaneous (s.c.) injection. After two days, 40 or 60 mg lanreotide Autogel was injected subcutaneously. Blood was sampled at various intervals for 56 days. Systemic/local adverse events and changes in biological profile/vital signs were recorded. Lanreotide Autogel produced a prolonged-release pharmacokinetic profile: mean area under the serum concentration-time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC) was 53.73 +/- 8.99 and 79.48 +/- 13.06 ng mL(-1) day for 40 and 60 mg, respectively, mean peak serum concentration (C(max)) was 4.38 +/- 2.91 and 5.71 +/- 3.52 ng mL(-1), respectively, median time to reach C (minimum-maximum) was 0.50 (0.083-18.0) and 0.38 (0.083-9.01) days, respectively, mean apparent elimination half-life was 21.63 +/- 9.42 and 22.01 +/- 9.87 days, respectively, and relative bioavailability was 0.93 +/- 0.12 and 0.82 +/- 0.15, respectively. Thus, lanreotide Autogel exhibited linear pharmacokinetics for the doses studied. Pharmacokinetic profiles were similar in both genders, apart from statistically significant differences in C(max) and C(max)/AUC. The Autogel formulation of lanreotide was well tolerated, with systemic adverse events being mild/moderate. Erythema and a painless subcutaneous induration were the most common local adverse events. Lanreotide Autogel provided a prolonged dosing interval and good tolerability for treating acromegaly and carcinoid syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Antonijoan
- Centre d'Investigació de Medicaments, Institute of Research, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital of Santa Creu and Sant Pau, Departament de Farmacologia i Terapèutica, UAB Barcelona, Spain
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Celma C, Allué JA, Pruñonosa J, Peraire C, Obach R. Determination of N-acetylcysteine in human plasma by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2000; 870:13-22. [PMID: 10722057 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)01078-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method for the determination of total N-acetylcysteine in human plasma has been developed, validated and applied to the analysis of samples from a phase I clinical trial. The analytical method consists of plasma digestion with dithiothreitol in order to reduce all the oxidized forms of N-acetylcysteine, and extraction with ethyl acetate followed by determination of levels by an LC-MS-MS method. The intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy of this technique were good and the limit of quantitation was 50 ng/ml of plasma. The concentration working range was established between 50 ng/ml and 1000 ng/ml. This method has been used in the analysis of approximately 800 human plasma samples from a clinical study with 24 volunteers; the precision of the quality controls was in the range 8.7 to 13.4% and the accuracy was in the range -5.9 to 8.5%, expressed as the RSD and the relative error, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Celma
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, Ipsen Pharma, Sant Feliu de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain.
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9
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Celma C, Allué JA, Pruñonosa J, Peraire C, Obach R. Simultaneous determination of paracetamol and chlorpheniramine in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2000; 870:77-86. [PMID: 10722064 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)01252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method for the determination of paracetamol and chlorpheniramine in human plasma has been developed, validated and applied to the analysis of samples from a phase I clinical trial. The analytical method consists in the extraction of paracetamol and chlorpheniramine with diethyl ether, followed by the determination of both drugs by an LC-MS-MS method, using 2-acetamidophenol as internal standard. The intra-assay and inter-assay precision and accuracy of this technique were good and the limit of quantitation was 0.5 microg/ml of plasma for paracetamol and 0.2 ng/ml for chlorpheniramine. The concentration working range was established between 0.5 microg/ml and 25 microg/ml for paracetamol and between 0.2 ng/ml and 50 ng/ml for chlorpheniramine. This method has been used for analyzing more than 1200 human plasma samples from a clinical study with 24 volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Celma
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, Ipsen Pharma, Sant Feliu de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain.
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Barbanoj M, Antonijoan R, Morte A, Grinyó JM, Solà R, Vallès J, Peraire C, Cordero JA, Muñoz A, Jané F, Obach R. Pharmacokinetics of the somatostatin analog lanreotide in patients with severe chronic renal insufficiency. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999; 66:485-91. [PMID: 10579475 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9236(99)70011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the pharmacokinetic profile of the somatostatin analog lanreotide in patients with severe chronic renal insufficiency. METHODS Lanreotide was administered by intravenous bolus (7 microg/kg) to 12 patients with severe chronic renal insufficiency and to 12 healthy subjects. Lanreotide serum levels were determined by a radioimmunoassay procedure from time 0 until 24 hours after the administration. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by a noncompartmental treatment of data. RESULTS The total serum clearance of lanreotide was found to be significantly lower in patients with severe chronic renal insufficiency than in healthy subjects (mean +/- SEM values of 0.138 +/- 0.017 L/hr/kg versus 0.244 +/- 0.027 L/hr/kg; P < .005). The initial lanreotide concentration, the elimination half-life, the area under the curve from time zero to 24 hours, and the area under the curve from time zero to infinity were significantly greater in patients with severe chronic renal insufficiency than in healthy subjects (307.45 +/- 79.19 ng/mL versus 127.18 +/- 22.65 ng/mL [P < .05]; 2.39 +/- 0.33 hours versus 1.32 +/- 0.20 hours [P < .005]; 62.55 +/- 9.73 ng/mL x hr versus 32.09 +/- 3.23 ng/mL x hr [P < .005]; and 62.95 +/- 9.78 ng/mL x hr versus 32.30 +/- 3.23 ng/mL x hr [P < .005], respectively). The initial volume of distribution, but not the volume of distribution at steady state, was significantly lower in patients with severe chronic renal insufficiency (0.040 +/- 0.008 L/kg versus 0.092 +/- 0.020 L/kg [P < .05] and 0.110 +/- 0.018 L/kg versus 0.172 +/- 0.046 L/kg [difference not statistically significant], respectively). The mean residence time was similar in both groups (0.77 +/- 0.06 hours versus 0.65 +/- 0.14 hours [difference not statistically significant]). CONCLUSIONS A reduction in the total serum clearance and a decrease in the initial volume of distribution of lanreotide were observed in patients with severe chronic renal insufficiency treated with one intravenous bolus dose of 7 microg/kg lanreotide.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barbanoj
- Pharmacological Research Area, Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Crue i Sant Pau-U.A.B., Barcelona, Spain
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Colom H, Pruñonosa J, Peraire C, Domenech J, Azcona O, Torrent J, Obach R. Absolute bioavailability and absorption profile of cyanamide in man. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 1999; 27:421-36. [PMID: 10826131 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020969106163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A pharmacokinetic study of cyanamide, an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC1.2.1.3) used as an adjuvant in the aversive therapy of chronic alcoholism, has been carried out in healthy male volunteers following intravenous and oral administration. Cyanamide plasma levels were determined by a sensitive HPLC assay, specific for cyanamide. After intravenous administration cyanamide displayed a disposition profile according to a two-compartmental open model. Elimination half-life and total plasma clearance values ranged from 42.2 to 61.3 min and from 0.0123 to 0.0190 L.kg-1.min-1, respectively. After oral administration of 0.3, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/kg x +/- SEM values of Cmax, tmax (median) and AUC were 0.18 +/- 0.03, 0.91 +/- 0.11, and 1.65 +/- 0.27 micrograms.ml-1; 13.5, 13.5, and 12 min; and 8.59 +/- 1.32, 45.39 +/- 1.62, and 77.86 +/- 17.49 micrograms.ml-1.min, respectively. Absorption was not complete and the oral bioavailability, 45.55 +/- 9.22, 70.12 +/- 4.73, and 80.78 +/- 8.19% for the 0.3, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/kg doses, respectively, increased with the dose administered. The models that consider a first-order absorption process alone (whether with a fixed or variable bioavailability value as a function of dose) or with loss of drug due to presystemic metabolism (with zero-order or Michaelis-Menten kinetics) were simultaneously fitted to plasma level data obtained following 1 mg/kg i.v. and 0.3, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/kg oral administrations. The model that best fit the data was that with a first-order absorption process plus a loss by presystemic metabolism with Michaelis-Menten kinetics, suggesting the presence of a saturable first-pass effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Colom
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Felodipine is a calcium antagonist, one of the dihydropyridines, with potential application in transdermal therapeutic systems (TTS). Earlier studies reported that the high lag time of this drug limited its potential development in a TTS. The present study analyzes the effect of d-limonene at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 5 and 10% on the transdermal penetration of this drug. The study was performed using a diffusion technique in vitro, with the skin of the hairless rat. d-Limonene significantly reduced the lag time (Tl) to 1.4 h at a concentration of 1% (compared with 9.8 h in its absence). Higher concentrations did not produce a significant decrease in the value of this parameter. The presence of d-limonene in the formulae produces an increase in the permeability constant (Kp) and the flux (J). The relation between this increase and the percentage of d-limonene was non-linear. An asymptotic value was obtained at a concentration of 5%, with increases of 993% and 1570% for Kp and J, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Diez
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Spain
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Pruñonosa J, Solà J, Peraire C, Pla F, Lavergne O, Obach R. Determination of the anti-platelet-activating factor BN-50727 and metabolites in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography using solid-phase extraction. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl 1996; 677:388-92. [PMID: 8704947 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00481-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and selective HPLC solid-phase extraction procedure was developed for the determination of platelet-activating factor antagonist BN-50727 and its metabolites in human urine. The procedure consisted in a double solid-phase extraction of the urine samples on cyanopropyl and silica cartridges, followed by an automated solid-phase extraction of the drug and metabolites on CBA cartridges and posterior elution on-line to the chromatographic system for its separation. The method allowed quantitation in the concentration range 10-2400 ng/ml urine for both BN-50727 and the main metabolite, the O-demethylated BN-50727 product. The limit of quantitation for both compounds was 10 ng/ml. The inter-assay precision of the method, expressed as relative standard deviation, ranged from 1.9 to 4.5% for BN-50727 and from 2.5 to 9.0% for the metabolite. The accuracy, expressed as relative error, ranged from -2.4 to 4.2% and from 0.2 to 6.2%, respectively. This paper describes the validation of the analytical methodology for the determination of BN-50727 in human urine and also for its metabolites. The method has been used to follow the time course of BN-50727 and its metabolites in human urine after single-dose administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pruñonosa
- S.A. Lasa Laboratorios, Pharmacokinetic Department, Barcelona, Spain
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Pruñonosa J, Parera L, Peraire C, Pla F, Lavergne O, Obach R. Determination of the anti-platelet-activating factor BN-50727 and its metabolites in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography-solid-phase extraction. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl 1995; 668:281-90. [PMID: 7581863 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00085-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and selective HPLC-solid-phase extraction procedure was developed for the determination of platelet-activating factor antagonist BN-50727 and its metabolites in human plasma. The procedure consisted of an automated solid-phase extraction of the drug and metabolites on disposable propylcarboxylic acid cartridges, followed by on-line chromatographic separation. The method was linear from 3.75 to 2400 ng/ml and the limit of quantitation for BN-50727 in plasma samples was 3.75 ng/ml. The within-run precision of the method, expressed as relative standard deviation, ranged from 2.1 to 8.1%. The accuracy, expressed as relative error, ranged from -3.5 to 4.0%. For the main metabolite, the O-demethylated BN-50727 product, the method was linear from 7.5 to 2400 ng/ml and the limit of quantitation in plasma was 7.5 ng/ml. The within-run precision ranged from 2.1 to 11.0% and the accuracy from -5.3 to 1.1%. This paper describes the validation of the analytical methodology for the determination of BN-50727 in human plasma and also of its metabolites. The method has been used to follow the time course of BN-50727 and its metabolites in human plasma after administration of single and multiple doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pruñonosa
- Pharmacokinetic Department, S.A. Lasa Laboratorios, Sant Felíu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Pruñonosa J, Peraire C, Torrent J, Obach R. Pharmacokinetic study of cicletanine in healthy volunteers. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1992; 30:265-70. [PMID: 1526688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A pharmacokinetic study of cicletanine, a new class of antihypertensive drugs was performed in ten healthy volunteers after administration of 50 mg single oral dose. Cicletanine plasma and urine concentrations were measured using the HPLC technique. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated applying a non-compartmental approach. The half-life ranged between 4.76 to 17.76 h; the mean oral and renal clearance were 7.3 +/- 2.5 l/h and 0.026 +/- 0.012 l/h, respectively. The urinary excretion of the product ranged between 37.5 and 64.6% of the administered dose, the amount of unchanged drug being negligible (0.4 +/- 0.3%). Both metabolic conjugation pathways glucuronidation and sulphation occurred in a similar extent 23.7 +/- 6.7% and 23.0 +/- 7% respectively. The overall pharmacokinetic parameters obtained in this study agree with those previously reported after the administration of higher doses (75-300 mg) and is in favour of a linear pharmacokinetic behaviour of cicletanine over the dose range of 50 mg to 300 mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pruñonosa
- Pharmacokinetic Department, S. A. Lasa Laboratorios, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain
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Diez I, Colom H, Moreno J, Obach R, Peraire C, Domenech J. A comparative in vitro study of transdermal absorption of a series of calcium channel antagonists. J Pharm Sci 1991; 80:931-4. [PMID: 1784001 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600801006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro transdermal absorption of five calcium channel antagonists (nifedipine, nitrendipine, nicardipine, felodipine, and nimodipine) was studied using the skin of hairless rats as a membrane. The aim of this study was to determine the penetration parameters [permeability constant (Kp), lag time (T1, and flux (J)] as measures of the intrinsic transdermal permeabilities of these drugs, in order to predict the potential capacity of these drugs to be formulated in a therapeutical transdermal system (TTS). Reliable prediction of Kp values, using K'w (extrapolated capacity factor in 100% water) and P (n-octanol-water partition coefficient) values as independent variables in the parabolic, bilinear, and hyperbolic functions, were assayed. Nicardipine showed a higher mean transdermal penetration (Kp; 4.9 x 10(-3) cm.h-1) value than the other dihydropyridines. Nifedipine showed the shortest mean T1 value (5.1 h). The permeability rate constants of the calcium channel antagonists assayed can be predicted from their n-octanol-water partition coefficients, using the parabolic function (r = 0.984, p less than 0.01). Nicardipine would be the most suitable candidate for formulation in a TTS design.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Diez
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
A pharmacokinetic study of carbimide, an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase, used as an adjuvant in the aversive therapy of chronic alcoholism, has been carried out in male human volunteers for intravenous and oral administration. Carbimide plasma concentrations were determined by a sensitive and specific high performance liquid chromatographic method. The intravenous doses administered were 0.1, 0.3, 0.6, and 1 mg kg-1 and linear pharmacokinetics were observed for this dose range. Elimination half-life and total plasma clearance values ranged from 42 to 52 min and from 14.4 to 20.5 ml kg-1 min-1, respectively. After oral administration of 1 and 1.5 mg kg-1 of carbimide, elimination half-life values were 75 and 61 min, respectively, being higher than the corresponding value obtained after 0.3 mg kg-1 doses, i.e. 39 min. In all cases, rapid absorption was indicated by tmax values ranging from 10.5 to 15.5 min. Absorption was not complete, the oral bioavailability being 53 per cent and 70 per cent for the 0.3 and 1 mg kg-1 carbimide dose, respectively. The data indicate that there is a first-pass effect for carbimide.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Obach
- Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Núcleo Universitario de Pedralbes, Spain
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Lauroba J, Diez I, Rius M, Peraire C, Domenech J. Study of the release process of drugs: suppositories of paracetamol. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1990; 28:118-22. [PMID: 2318548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The release process of paracetamol, formulated in suppositories, prepared with four different Suppocire masses (AM, AML, AS2X and AP), having different hydrophilia, supplied by Gattefossé, was investigated. The release study of paracetamol was carried out "in vitro" by means of the Dissotest apparatus (Sotax), built on the base of the flow-through method. The assay conditions were: pH 7.4 and flow rate of 20 ml/min. The release process was evaluated using the following amodelistic parameters: the mean dissolution time (MDT), the variance of dissolution time (VDT), the dissolution efficiency (DE) and the maximum amount dissolved determined experimentally (Qmax). The amodelistic parameters, after their statistical analysis by the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the comparison between data pairs by the Mann-Whitney "U" test, proved that there are significant differences (p less than 0.05), with the exception of Qmax, between the four masses tested. This study shows that the masses which have a surfactant in their composition (AS2X and AP) offer a better release of paracetamol than those which have no surfactant (AM and AML).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lauroba
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
A pharmacokinetic study of cyanamide, an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.2.1.3) has been made in the beagle dog and Sprague-Dawley rat. Cyanamide plasma levels were determined by a sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic assay, specific for cyanamide. In the dog, i.v. administration of cyanamide at 1, 2 and 4 mg kg-1, produced a dose-dependent pharmacokinetic behaviour. Statistically significant changes were observed in plasma clearance values (12.6 to 19.7 mL kg-1 min-1), half life values (39 to 61 min) and mean residence times (50 to 79 min). Peak plasma concentrations, after oral administration of 4 mg kg-1 were achieved at 30 min and oral bioavailability was about 65%. In the rat after i.v. or oral administration, cyanamide (2 mg kg-1) had a half life of 30 min, a total plasma clearance of 117 mL kg-1 min-1 and a mean residence time of 26 min. Oral bioavailability was about 69%.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Obach
- Department of Pharmacology, S.A. LASA Laboratorios, Barcelona, Spain
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