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De Leacy R, Bageac DV, Manna S, Gershon BS, Kirke D, Shigematsu T, Sinclair C, Chada D, Som P, Doshi A, Nael K, Berenstein A. A Radiologic Grading System for Assessing the Radiographic Outcome of Treatment in Lymphatic and Lymphatic-Venous Malformations of the Head and Neck. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:1859-1864. [PMID: 34446456 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Two-thirds of lymphatic malformations in children are found in the head and neck. Although conventionally managed through surgical resection, percutaneous sclerotherapy has gained popularity. No reproducible grading system has been designed to compare sclerotherapy outcomes on the basis of radiologic findings. We propose an MR imaging-based grading scale to assess the response to sclerotherapy and present an evaluation of its interrater reliability. MATERIALS AND METHODS A grading system was developed to stratify treatment outcomes on the basis of interval changes observed on MR imaging. By means of this system, 56 consecutive cases from our institution with formally diagnosed head and neck lymphatic malformations treated by sclerotherapy were retrospectively graded. Each patient underwent pre- and posttreatment MR imaging. Each study was evaluated by 3 experienced neuroradiologists. Interrater reliability was assessed using the Krippendorff α statistic, intraclass coefficient, and 2-way Spearman ρ correlation. RESULTS The overall Krippendorff α statistic was 0.93 (95% CI, 0.89-0.95), denoting excellent agreement among raters. Intraclass coefficients with respect to consistency and absolute agreements were both 0.97 (95% CI, 0.96-0.98), illustrating low variability. Every combination of individual rater pairs demonstrated statistically significant (P < .01) linear Spearman ρ correlations, with values ranging from 0.90 to 0.95. CONCLUSIONS The proposed radiographic grading scale demonstrates excellent interrater reliability. Adoption of this new scale can standardize reported outcomes following sclerotherapy for head and neck lymphatic malformation and may aid in the investigation of future questions regarding optimal management of these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R De Leacy
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D.L., D.V.B., S.M., B.S.G., T.S., D.C., A.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - D V Bageac
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D.L., D.V.B., S.M., B.S.G., T.S., D.C., A.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - S Manna
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D.L., D.V.B., S.M., B.S.G., T.S., D.C., A.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (S.M., D.K., C.S., P.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Radiology (S.M., P.S., A.D., K.N.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | - B S Gershon
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D.L., D.V.B., S.M., B.S.G., T.S., D.C., A.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- College of Medicine (B.S.G.), SUNY Downstate, Brooklyn, New York, New York
| | - D Kirke
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (S.M., D.K., C.S., P.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - T Shigematsu
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D.L., D.V.B., S.M., B.S.G., T.S., D.C., A.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - C Sinclair
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (S.M., D.K., C.S., P.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - D Chada
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D.L., D.V.B., S.M., B.S.G., T.S., D.C., A.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - P Som
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (S.M., D.K., C.S., P.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Radiology (S.M., P.S., A.D., K.N.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | - A Doshi
- Department of Radiology (S.M., P.S., A.D., K.N.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | - K Nael
- Department of Radiology (S.M., P.S., A.D., K.N.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | - A Berenstein
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D.L., D.V.B., S.M., B.S.G., T.S., D.C., A.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Cro S, Cornelius V, Pink A, Wilson R, Pushpa‐Rajah A, Patel P, Abdul‐Wahab A, August S, Azad J, Becher G, Chapman A, Dunnill G, Ferguson A, Fogo A, Ghaffar S, Ingram J, Kavakleiva S, Ladoyanni E, Leman J, Macbeth A, Makrygeorgou A, Parslew R, Ryan A, Sharma A, Shipman A, Sinclair C, Wachsmuth R, Woolf R, Wright A, McAteer H, Barker J, Burden A, Griffiths C, Reynolds N, Warren R, Lachmann H, Capon F, Smith C. Anakinra for palmoplantar pustulosis: results from a randomized, double-blind, multicentre, two-staged, adaptive placebo-controlled trial (APRICOT). Br J Dermatol 2021; 186:245-256. [PMID: 34411292 PMCID: PMC9255857 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is a rare, debilitating, chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects the hands and feet. Clinical, immunological and genetic findings suggest a pathogenic role for interleukin (IL)-1. OBJECTIVES To determine whether anakinra (an IL-1 receptor antagonist) delivers therapeutic benefit in PPP. METHODS This was a randomized (1 : 1), double-blind, two-staged, adaptive, UK multicentre, placebo-controlled trial [ISCRTN13127147 (registered 1 August 2016); EudraCT number: 2015-003600-23 (registered 1 April 2016)]. Participants had a diagnosis of PPP (> 6 months) requiring systemic therapy. Treatment was 8 weeks of anakinra or placebo via daily, self-administered subcutaneous injections. Primary outcome was the Palmoplantar Pustulosis Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PPPASI) at 8 weeks. RESULTS A total of 374 patients were screened; 64 were enrolled (31 in the anakinra arm and 33 in the placebo arm) with a mean (SD) baseline PPPASI of 17·8 (10·5) and a PPP investigator's global assessment of severe (50%) or moderate (50%). The baseline adjusted mean difference in PPPASI favoured anakinra but did not demonstrate superiority in the intention-to-treat analysis [-1·65, 95% confidence interval (CI) -4·77 to 1·47; P = 0·30]. Similarly, secondary objective measures, including fresh pustule count (2·94, 95% CI -26·44 to 32·33; favouring anakinra), total pustule count (-30·08, 95% CI -83·20 to 23·05; favouring placebo) and patient-reported outcomes, did not show superiority of anakinra. When modelling the impact of adherence, the PPPASI complier average causal effect for an individual who received ≥ 90% of the total treatment (48% in the anakinra group) was -3·80 (95% CI -10·76 to 3·16; P = 0·285). No serious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS No evidence for the superiority of anakinra was found. IL-1 blockade is not a useful intervention for the treatment of PPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Cro
- Imperial Clinical Trials UnitImperial College LondonLondonW12 7RHUK
| | - V.R. Cornelius
- Imperial Clinical Trials UnitImperial College LondonLondonW12 7RHUK
| | - A.E. Pink
- St John’s Institute of DermatologyGuy’s HospitalGuy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation TrustLondonSE1 9RTUK
| | - R. Wilson
- St John’s Institute of DermatologyGuy’s HospitalGuy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation TrustLondonSE1 9RTUK
| | - A. Pushpa‐Rajah
- St John’s Institute of DermatologyGuy’s HospitalGuy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation TrustLondonSE1 9RTUK
| | - P. Patel
- St John’s Institute of DermatologyGuy’s HospitalGuy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation TrustLondonSE1 9RTUK
| | - A. Abdul‐Wahab
- St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonSW17 0QTUK
| | - S. August
- Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust University Hospitals DorsetPooleBH15 2JBUK
| | - J. Azad
- South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustMiddlesbroughTS4 3BWUK
| | - G. Becher
- West Glasgow Ambulatory Care HospitalGlasgowG3 8SJUK
| | - A. Chapman
- Homerton University HospitalLondonE9 6SRUK
| | | | - A.D. Ferguson
- University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation TrustDerbyDE22 3NEUK
| | - A. Fogo
- Kingston HospitalKingston upon ThamesKT2 7QBUK
| | - S.A. Ghaffar
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical SchoolDundeeDD1 9SYUK
| | - J.R. Ingram
- Division of Infection and ImmunitySchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityUniversity Hospital of WalesCardiffCF14 4XNUK
| | | | | | | | - A.E. Macbeth
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNorwichNR4 7UYUK
| | | | - R. Parslew
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLiverpoolL9 7ALUK
| | - A.J. Ryan
- King’s College HospitalLondonSE5 9RSUK
| | - A. Sharma
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamNG7 2UHUK
| | - A.R. Shipman
- Portsmouth Hospitals Universities NHS TrustSt Mary’s Community Health CampusPortsmouthPO3 6ADUK
| | | | - R. Wachsmuth
- Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation TrustExeterEX2 5DWUK
| | - R.T. Woolf
- St John’s Institute of DermatologyGuy’s HospitalGuy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation TrustLondonSE1 9RTUK
| | - A. Wright
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustBradfordBD9 6RJUK
| | - H. McAteer
- The Psoriasis AssociationNorthamptonNN4 7BFUK
| | - J.N.W.N. Barker
- St John’s Institute of DermatologySchool of Basic and Medical BiosciencesFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing’s College LondonLondonSE1 9RTUK
| | - A.D. Burden
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and InflammationUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8TAUK
| | - C.E.M. Griffiths
- Dermatology CentreSalford Royal NHS Foundation TrustUniversity of ManchesterNIHR Manchester Biomedical Research CentreManchesterM6 8HDUK
| | - N.J. Reynolds
- Institute of Translational and Clinical MedicineMedical SchoolUniversity of NewcastleDepartment of DermatologyRoyal Victoria Infirmary and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research CentreNewcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNewcastle upon TyneNE2 4HHUK
| | - R.B. Warren
- National Amyloidosis CentreUniversity College LondonLondonNW3 2PFUK
| | - H.J. Lachmann
- National Amyloidosis CentreUniversity College LondonLondonNW3 2PFUK
| | - F. Capon
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsKing’s College LondonLondonSE1 9RTUK
| | - C.H. Smith
- St John’s Institute of DermatologyGuy’s HospitalGuy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation TrustLondonSE1 9RTUK
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Sinclair C, Schnobrich M, Stevenson J, Kouba J. 108 A preliminary investigation of anti-Müllerian hormone as a biomarker for fertility in mares. J Equine Vet Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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van Gerwen M, Alsen M, Lee E, Sinclair C, Genden E, Taioli E. Recurrence-free survival after total thyroidectomy and lobectomy in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:725-734. [PMID: 32651895 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01342-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The incidence of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma is increasing. We evaluated the recurrence-free survival following total thyroidectomy and lobectomy to identify the optimal surgical choice. METHODS A meta-analysis was performed using the National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health PubMed database to identify eligible studies. Summary 5- and 10-year RFS estimates after TT versus LT were calculated using random effects models. RESULTS The literature search yielded 1117 studies (1990-2019). Nine studies met the inclusion criteria comprising 10,186 total thyroidectomy and 11,408 lobectomy patients. The 5-year recurrence-free survival was 98% [95% confidence interval (CI) 97-99%] after total thyroidectomy and 97% (95% CI 96-99%) after lobectomy, based on eight studies (9421 total thyroidectomy and 11,283 lobectomy patients); the 10-year recurrence-free survival was 95% (95% CI 92-98%) after total thyroidectomy and 92% (95% CI 86-96%) after lobectomy, based on eight studies (total thyroidectomy = 10,100, lobectomy = 11,389 patients). CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis demonstrates excellent, long-term recurrence-free survival following both total thyroidectomy and lobectomy surgery in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. The analysis also suggests that patients undergoing total thyroidectomy trended toward a slightly better long-term 10-year recurrence-free survival in comparison to patients undergoing lobectomy, a finding of potential, clinical significance in the management decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M van Gerwen
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, P. O. Box 1133, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - M Alsen
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Sinclair
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Genden
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Taioli
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, P. O. Box 1133, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Rodriguez-Acevedo AJ, Green AC, Sinclair C, van Deventer E, Gordon LG. Indoor tanning prevalence after the International Agency for Research on Cancer statement on carcinogenicity of artificial tanning devices: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Dermatol 2019; 182:849-859. [PMID: 31381131 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to artificial tanning devices is carcinogenic to humans, and government regulations to restrict or ban indoor tanning appear to be increasing. OBJECTIVES We evaluated changes in the international prevalence of indoor tanning among adolescents and adults after artificial tanning devices were classified as carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 2009. METHODS Systematic searches in PubMed and Web of Science databases were undertaken. Overall, 43 studies reporting 'ever' or 'past-year' indoor tanning exposure after 2009 were identified. We used metaregression analysis to evaluate the prevalence of indoor tanning over time. Random effects meta-analysis was used to summarize the prevalence of indoor tanning in adolescents and adults according to sex, region and presence of age prohibitions. RESULTS Global prevalence of indoor tanning in adolescents for 2013-2018 was 6·5% [95% confidence interval (CI) 3·3-10·6], 70% lower than the 22·0% (95% CI 17·2-26·8) prevalence for 2007-2012. Among adults, the prevalence was 10·4% (95% CI 5·7-16·3) for 2013-2018, a decrease of 35% from 18·2% for 2007-2012. Since 2009, the overall past-year prevalence among adolescents was 6·7% (95% CI 4·4-9·6) and 12·5% (95% CI 9·5-15·6) among adults. The prevalence of tanning indoors in the past year was similar in North America (adults, 12·5%; adolescents, 7·6%) and Europe (adults, 11·1%; adolescents, 5·1%). In 2009, three countries had regulations restricting indoor tanning, compared with 26 countries today. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of indoor tanning has declined substantially and significantly in adolescents and adults since the 2009 IARC statement, reflecting the rise in regulations that limit this source of unnecessary exposure to carcinogenic ultraviolet radiation. What is already known about this topic? Indoor tanning is associated with an increased risk of melanoma. A meta-analysis of worldwide indoor tanning prevalence for 1986-2012 found a past-year prevalence of 18% in adolescents and 14% in adults, with higher prevalences during the period 2007-2012. Policies to regulate indoor tanning began to be implemented across the globe in 2009. Only one study carried out in the U.S.A. has evaluated the efficacy of such policies in reducing indoor tanning prevalence. What does this study add? For the period 2013-2018, we found indoor tanning prevalences of 6·7% in adolescents and 11·9% in adults. This implies a reduction in indoor tanning use of 70% in adolescents and 35% in adults during the last 10 years. Our study encourages policy makers to strengthen indoor tanning regulations that reduce sunbed use among the general population in order to produce maximum public health benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A C Green
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia.,CRUK Manchester Institute and University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - C Sinclair
- Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - E van Deventer
- Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health (PHE), CH1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - L G Gordon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia.,Queensland University of Technology, School of Nursing, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Q4059, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Myles PS, Smith JA, Kasza J, Silbert B, Jayarajah M, Painter T, Cooper DJ, Marasco S, McNeil J, Bussières JS, McGuinness S, Byrne K, Chan MT, Landoni G, Wallace S, Forbes A, Myles P, Smith J, Cooper DJ, Silbert B, McNeil J, Marasco S, Esmore D, Krum H, Tonkin A, Buxton B, Heritier S, Merry A, Liew D, McNeil J, Forbes A, Cooper D, Wallace S, Meehan A, Myles P, Wallace S, Galagher W, Farrington C, Ditoro A, Wutzlhofer L, Story D, Peyton P, Baulch S, Sidiropoulos S, Potgieter D, Baker R, Pesudovs B, O'Loughlin J Wells E, Coutts P, Bolsin S, Osborne C, Ives K, Smith J, Hulley A, Christie-Taylor G, Painter T, Lang S, Mackay H, Cokis C, March S, Bannon P, Wong C, Turner L, Scott D, Silbert B, Said S, Corcoran P, Painter T, de Prinse L, Bussières J, Gagné N, Lamy A, Semelhago L, Chan M, Underwood M, Choi G, Fung B, Landoni G, Lembo R, Monaco F, Simeone F, Marianello D, Alvaro G, De Vuono G, van Dijk D, Dieleman J, Numan S, McGuinness S, Parke R, Raudkivi P, Gilder E, Byrne K, Dunning J, Termaat J, Mans G, Jayarajah M, Alderton J, Waugh D, Platt M, Pai A, Sevillano A, Lal A, Sinclair C, Kunst G, Knighton A, Cubas G, Saravanan P, Millner R, Vasudevan V, Patteril M, Lopez E, Basu R, Lu J. Tranexamic acid in coronary artery surgery: One-year results of the Aspirin and Tranexamic Acid for Coronary Artery Surgery (ATACAS) trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 157:644-652.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.09.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shih S, Carter R, Heward S, Sinclair C. Costs Related to Skin Cancer Prevention in Victoria and Australia. J Glob Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jgo.18.10800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this presentation is to provide an update on the economic evaluation of the Australian SunSmart program as well as outline the cost of skin cancer treatment to the Victorian public hospital system. This follows the publication of two recently released published economic evaluations that discusses the potential effects of skin cancer prevention inventions. Aim: 1. To highlight the cost effectiveness of skin cancer prevention in Australia 2. To highlight the costs of skin cancer treatment in the Victorian public hospital system 3. To provide strong evidence to inform governments of the value of skin cancer prevention to reduce the costs of treatment in future years. Methods: Program cost was compared with cost savings to determine the investment return of the program. In a separate study, a prevalence-based cost approach was undertaken in public hospitals in Victoria. Costs were estimated for inpatient admissions, using state service statistics, and outpatient services based on attendance at three hospitals in 2012-13. Cost-effectiveness for prevention was estimated from 'observed vs expected' analysis, together with program expenditure data. Results: With additional $AUD 0.16 ($USD 0.12) per capita investment into skin cancer prevention across Australia from 2011 to 2030, an upgraded SunSmart Program would prevent 45,000 melanoma and 95,000 NMSC cases. Potential savings in future healthcare costs were estimated at $200 million, while productivity gains were significant. A future upgraded SunSmart Program was predicted to be cost-saving from the funder perspective, with an investment return of $3.20 for every additional dollar the Australian governments/funding bodies invested into the program. In relation to the costs to the Victorian public hospital system, total annual costs were $48 million to $56 million. Skin cancer treatment in public hospitals ($9.20∼$10.39 per head/year) was 30-times current public funding in skin cancer prevention ($0.37 per head/year). Conclusion: The study demonstrates the strong economic credentials of the SunSmart Program, with a strong economic rationale for increased investment. Increased funding for skin cancer prevention must be kept high on the public health agenda. This would also have the dual benefit of enabling hospitals to redirect resources to nonpreventable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Shih
- Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - R. Carter
- Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S. Heward
- Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - C. Sinclair
- Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
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Hohn AA, Thomas L, Carmichael RH, Litz J, Clemons-Chevis C, Shippee SF, Sinclair C, Smith S, Speakman TR, Tumlin MC, Zolman ES. Assigning stranded bottlenose dolphins to source stocks using stable isotope ratios following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2017. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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McDonald TL, Hornsby FE, Speakman TR, Zolman ES, Mullin KD, Sinclair C, Rosel PE, Thomas L, Schwacke LH. Survival, density, and abundance of common bottlenose dolphins in Barataria Bay (USA) following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2017. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Rosel PE, Wilcox LA, Sinclair C, Speakman TR, Tumlin MC, Litz JA, Zolman ES. Genetic assignment to stock of stranded common bottlenose dolphins in southeastern Louisiana after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2017. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Sinclair C, Cleaves N, Dunstone K, Makin J, Zouzounis S. Impact of an outright ban on the availability of commercial tanning services in Victoria, Australia. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:387-90. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Sinclair
- Prevention Division; Cancer Council Victoria; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - N. Cleaves
- Department of Health & Human Services; Health Protection Branch; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - K. Dunstone
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer; Cancer Council Victoria; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - J. Makin
- University of Tasmania; Menzies Institute for Medical Research; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - S. Zouzounis
- Department of Health & Human Services; Health Protection Branch; Melbourne Victoria Australia
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Auret K, Sinclair C, Thomas J, Porritt F. When paperwork does not represent the patient's wishes for surrogate decision-making. Intern Med J 2015; 45:1200. [PMID: 26563697 DOI: 10.1111/imj.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Auret
- Rural Clinical School of WA, University of Western Australia, Albany, Western Australia, Australia
| | - C Sinclair
- Rural Clinical School of WA, University of Western Australia, Albany, Western Australia, Australia
| | - J Thomas
- Rural Clinical School of WA, University of Western Australia, Albany, Western Australia, Australia.,WA Country Health Service, Albany Health Campus, Albany, Western Australia, Australia
| | - F Porritt
- WA Country Health Service, Albany Health Campus, Albany, Western Australia, Australia
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Blake M, Sinclair C, Auret K, Carroll R, Wilkinson A. O-27 Promoting autonomy? Bringing legal analysis to bear on the practical issues associated with ACP implementation. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2015-000978.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Tremblay M, Sinclair C, Baydala L, Currie C. 107: A Systematic Review of Primary Substance Abuse Prevention Programs For School-Age Children and Youth. Paediatr Child Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/20.5.e72b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Williams K, Sinclair C, McEwan R, Fleet K, Balasegaram S, Manuel R. Impact of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games on demand for microbiology gastrointestinal diagnostic services at the Public Health Laboratory London. J Med Microbiol 2014; 63:968-974. [PMID: 24809387 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.070821-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Planning for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games at the Public Health Laboratory London was based on the requirement to meet potential increased demand with scalable capacity. The aim of this study was to determine the impact on demand for microbiology gastrointestinal diagnostic services during the Games period. Retrospective cross-sectional time-series data analysis was used to assess the number of gastrointestinal specimens received in the laboratory and the number of positive results. There was no increase in the number of gastrointestinal specimens received during the Games period, thus the Games had no impact on demand for microbiology gastrointestinal diagnostic services at the laboratory. There was a decrease in the number of public health specimens received for culture [incidence rate ratio = 0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.13-0.86, P = 0.02] and a decrease in the number of culture positive community specimens (odds ratio = 0.59, 95 % CI = 0.40-0.85, P = 0.005), suggesting a decrease in gastrointestinal illness during the Games period. As previous planning assumptions were not based on actual specimen activity, the results of this study may modify the extent of additional planning for microbiological services required for mass gatherings.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Williams
- Public Health Laboratory London, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - C Sinclair
- Field Epidemiology Services Victoria, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - R McEwan
- Public Health Laboratory London, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - K Fleet
- North East and North Central London Health Protection Team, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - S Balasegaram
- Field Epidemiology Services Victoria, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - R Manuel
- Public Health Laboratory London, Public Health England, London, UK
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16
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Sinclair C, Gaunt E, Simmonds P, Broomfield D, Nwafor N, Wellington L, Templeton K, Willocks L, Schofield O, Harvala H. Atypical hand, foot, and mouth disease associated with coxsackievirus A6 infection, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, January to February 2014. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19:20745. [PMID: 24698138 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.12.20745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In January to February 2014, 16 hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) cases were identified in Edinburgh, United Kingdom. All presented with atypical features, with most (n=13) resembling eczema herpeticum or chickenpox. Coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) was identified in all the typed cases (n=11). As atypical forms of HFMD associated with CV-A6 are likely to emerge throughout Europe, clinicians should be alert to unusual clinical presentations of HFMD and virologists aware of effective diagnostic testing and enterovirus typing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sinclair
- Department of Dermatology, Lauriston Building, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Auret K, Sinclair C, Averill B, Evans SF. DOES ADVANCE CARE PLANNING TRANSLATE INTO IMPROVED CARE IN A RURAL WESTERN AUSTRALIAN HOSPITAL SETTING? BMJ Support Palliat Care 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2013-000491.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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18
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Smith J, Sinclair C, Touissant Y, Auret K. MORE THAN JUST LANGUAGE: OLDER DUTCH AND ITALIAN MIGRANTS' VIEWS ON ADVANCE CARE PLANNING. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2013-000491.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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19
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Gunning P, Smith A, Fox V, Bolt DM, Lowe J, Sinclair C, Witte TH, Weller R. Development and validation of an equine nerve block simulator to supplement practical skills training in undergraduate veterinary students. Vet Rec 2013; 172:450. [PMID: 23486507 DOI: 10.1136/vr.101335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Lameness is the most common presenting complaint in equine practice. Performing diagnostic nerve blocks is an integral part of any lameness work-up, and is therefore an essential skill for equine practitioners. However, the opportunities for veterinary students to practice this skill are limited. The aim of this study was to design and validate an equine nerve block simulator. It was hypothesised that the simulator would improve students' ability and enhance their confidence in performing nerve blocks. A simulator was built using an equine forelimb skeleton and building foam. Wire wool targets were placed under the foam in the positions corresponding to the anatomical location of the most palmar digital, abaxial and low four-point nerve blocks and attached to an electrical circuit. The circuit became complete when the operator placed a needle in the correct position and immediate audible feedback with a buzzer was provided. To validate the simulator, it was compared with two established teaching methods: cadaver training and theoretical training with a hand-out. Cadaver-trained students achieved the best results (73 per cent correct blocks), compared with simulator-trained students (71 per cent correct blocks), and a hand-out trained group (58 per cent correct blocks). Feedback obtained with a questionnaire showed that students enjoyed simulator training more, and that they felt more confident in performing diagnostic nerve blocks than the other two groups. The equine nerve block simulator provides a safe, cost-effective method to supplement the teaching of diagnostic analgesia to undergraduate veterinary students.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gunning
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Herts, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
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20
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Bolt DM, Read RM, Weller R, Sinclair C, David FH. Standing low-field magnetic resonance imaging of a comminuted central tarsal bone fracture in a horse. EQUINE VET EDUC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. M. Bolt
- Equine Referral Hospital; Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield UK
| | - R. M. Read
- Equine Referral Hospital; Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield UK
| | - R. Weller
- Equine Referral Hospital; Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield UK
| | - C. Sinclair
- Equine Referral Hospital; Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield UK
| | - F. H. David
- Equine Referral Hospital; Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield UK
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Abstract
The most important risk factor in the development of skin cancer is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Cumulative lifetime UV radiation exposure has been shown to be most important in the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma, whereas intermittent high-dose UV radiation exposure in childhood and adolescence may be more important in the aetiology of basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous malignant melanoma. Using established methodology and best available estimates on UV-related mortality and morbidity, it has been estimated that annually around 1·5 million disability-adjusted life years are lost through excessive exposure to UV radiation. Skin cancer is a significant health problem and its burden is such that it causes the health system more to treat than any other forms of cancer. Prevention is the key action in managing skin cancer at a population level. Investment in prevention programmes such as SunSmart encourages protective behaviours that will reduce the human and financial costs of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tan
- Skin and Cancer Foundation, 80 Drummond Street, Carlton, Vic. 3053, Australia
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22
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Sinclair C, Auret K, Forrester L, Knight A, Burgess A, Bulsara C. Utilisation of the advance health directive among older Australian rural adults: a qualitative study. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2012-000250.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Sinclair C, Saini M, Schim van der Loeff I, Sakaguchi S, Seddon B. The Long-Term Survival Potential of Mature T Lymphocytes Is Programmed During Development in the Thymus. Sci Signal 2011; 4:ra77. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2002246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
Retropharyngeal haematoma is a rare and potentially fatal cause of airway obstruction. The treatment of retropharyngeal haematoma is contentious. We report a case of an 84 year old woman on aspirin and warfarin who developed a retropharyngeal haematoma following minor blunt head and neck trauma. The patient presented insidiously with Capp’s triad and developed delayed airway obstruction necessitating emergency fibreoptic endoscopic intubation. Both tracheostomy and surgical drainage were avoided and she recovered well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mj Lin
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - C Sinclair
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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Sinclair C, Kirkland S, Asbridge M, Martin F. P5-S6.23 Barriers to accessing hepatitis C treatment for individuals who have experience with injection drug use. Br J Vener Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050108.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
Fossil worm tubes of Cretaceous age preserved in the Bayda massive sulfide deposit of the Samail ophiolite, Oman, are apparently the first documented examples of fossils embedded in massive sulfide deposits from the geologic record. The geologic setting of the Bayda deposit and the distinctive mineralogic and textural features of the fossiliferous samples suggest that the Bayda sulfide deposit and fossil fauna are remnants of a Cretaceous sea-floor hydrothermal vent similar to modern hot springs on the East Pacific Rise and the Juan de Fuca Ridge.
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Abstract
Australia has one of the highest skin cancer incidence and mortality rates in the world. The reason for these high rates is due in part to the high ambient UV radiation levels, combined with a predominantly susceptible fair-skinned population. To address this problem, since 1980 Australians have been exposed to social marketing campaigns to raise awareness of skin cancer prevention. These campaigns have used mass media alongside interventions in schools, workplaces, and in community and leisure settings to motivate sun protective behaviour. As a result of these interventions it can be demonstrated that social marketing campaigns can be a very effective method to not only motivate behaviour change, reduce sunburn, and increase awareness but more importantly, reduce melanoma rates and bring positive economic returns to government. However long term investment in this area is required otherwise any population gains in behaviour are very likely to be quickly eroded.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sinclair
- Cancer Prevention Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Vic., Australia.
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Mitchell B, Verrills P, Vivian D, Sinclair C, Barnard A. Radiofrequency neurotomy for sacroilliac joint pain—Prospective study. J Sci Med Sport 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sinclair C, O’Toole E, Paige D, El Bashir H, Robinson J, Dobson R, Lench N, Stevens H, Hitman G, Booy R, Mein C, Kelsell D. Filaggrin mutations are associated with ichthyosis vulgaris in the Bangladeshi population. Br J Dermatol 2009; 160:1113-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09050.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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31
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Mitchell B, Verrills P, Vivian D, Sinclair C, Barnard A. Peripheral nerve stimulation: A novel treatment for chronic low back pain and failed back surgery syndrome. J Sci Med Sport 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2008.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Sinclair C, Hammond G. Reduced intracortical inhibition during the foreperiod of a warned Go/NoGo task. Brain Stimul 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2008.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Nelson J, Handelsmann C, Sinclair C, Claireaux G. Intraspecific variation in genotype, morphology and performance: Contribution to ecological performance and mortality selection in cultured and wild European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.04.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Thomas A, Sinclair C, Mahmud N, Cullup T, Mellerio J, Harper J, Dale B, Turc-Carel C, Hohl D, McGrath J, Vahlquist A, Hellstrom-Pigg M, Ganemo A, Metcalfe K, Mein C, O’Toole E, Kelsell D. Novel and recurring ABCA12 mutations associated with harlequin ichthyosis: implications for prenatal diagnosis. Br J Dermatol 2007; 158:611-3. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08277.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Marsden JT, Day P, Ellis R, Marwah S, Savage G, Sinclair C. A sample distribution programme for erythropoietin. Clin Lab Haematol 2006; 28:228-32. [PMID: 16898959 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2257.2006.00786.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A survey was sent to laboratories participating in the United Kingdom External Quality Assessment Service (UKNEQAS) Haematinics Scheme about the measurement of serum erythropoietin (EPO). Six laboratories, from a total of 120 that returned the survey, were measuring serum EPO concentrations by commercially available immunoassays on site in the United Kingdom. The workload of the laboratories varied from up to 100 specimens per month to more than 100 specimens analysed per week. All laboratories included control material in the assays and none of the laboratories was participating in an external quality assessment scheme for serum EPO. Four laboratories agreed to take part in the first sample distribution programme, with five and six laboratories participating in distributions 2 and 3 respectively. The results from eight kits were compared from the three distributions over a 2-year period. The serum EPO concentrations for the methods showed some variation across the range of 2.9-200 U/l when the serum EPO concentrations for each method were compared with the whole method mean. The results from this scheme have identified a role for an external quality assessment scheme for serum EPO measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Marsden
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King's College Hospital, London, UK.
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36
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Sinclair C. Emerging issues in skin cancer control. EJC Suppl 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(06)80497-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Sinclair C, Mirakhur M, Kirk J, Farrell M, McQuaid S. Up-regulation of osteopontin and alphaBeta-crystallin in the normal-appearing white matter of multiple sclerosis: an immunohistochemical study utilizing tissue microarrays. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2005; 31:292-303. [PMID: 15885066 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2004.00638.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tissue microarrays assembled from control and multiple sclerosis (MS) brain tissue have been used to assess the expression patterns and cellular distribution of two antigens, the proinflammatory cytokine osteopontin and the inducible heat shock protein alphaBeta-crystallin, which have previously been implicated in MS pathogenesis. Tissue cores were taken from paraffin-embedded donor blocks containing chronic active or chronic inactive plaques and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) in seven MS cases, and white matter (WM) in five control cases. Expression patterns of both proteins were assessed against myelin density and microglial activation in the different tissue categories. Both proteins showed increased expression in all categories of MS tissue compared with control WM. The results indicate progressive up-regulation of expression of osteopontin with increased plaque activity, while elevation of alphaBeta-crystallin expression in MS tissue was independent of demyelination. In MS NAWM a significant correlation was observed between high levels of expression of osteopontin and alphaBeta-crystallin. Osteopontin expression was predominantly confined to astrocytes throughout MS tissues. alphaBeta-crystallin was expressed on astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and occasionally on demyelinated axons. Taken together, these data indicate a wider distribution of osteopontin and alphaBeta-crystallin in MS tissues than previously described and support their proposed role in MS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sinclair
- Neuropathology Laboratory, Institute of Pathology, Royal Group of Hospitals Trust, Belfast BT12 6BL, UK
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Craig WR, Hanlon-Dearman A, Sinclair C, Taback S, Moffatt M. Metoclopramide, thickened feedings, and positioning for gastro-oesophageal reflux in children under two years. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004:CD003502. [PMID: 15495056 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd003502.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastro-esophageal reflux (GER) is the refluxing of gastric contents into the esophagus. Fifty per cent of all infants 0 to 3 months regurgitate at least once a day. This drops to 5% once infants are 10 to 12 months old. Three per cent of parents of 10 to 12 month old infants view this as a problem. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effectiveness of thickened feeds, positioning, and metoclopramide as compared to placebo in improving the outcome of GER in developmentally normal infants aged one month to two years. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library 2003), MEDLINE (January 1966 to 23 January 2003), EMBASE (January 1985 to 27 January 2003), and reference lists of articles. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised studies (parallel or cross over) which evaluated thickened feeds, positional alternations or metoclopramide for the treatment of GER in children between the age of one month and two years who were developmentally normal. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS All three reviewers independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Study authors were contacted for additional information. Adverse effects information was collected from the trials. MAIN RESULTS Twenty trials involving 771 children met the inclusion criteria: eight dealt with thickened feeds, five with positioning, and seven with metoclopramide. Few comparisons could be made, and so summary measures were often made with two or three studies. Thickened feeds reduce the regurgitation severity score (standardized mean difference (SMD) -0.94;95% confidence interval -1.35 to -0.52), as well as the frequency of emesis (SMD -0.91; confidence interval -1.22 to -0.61). The reflux index was not reduced (weighted mean difference (WMD) 0.48%; 95% confidence interval-3.27 to 4.23). All five positioning studies utilized esophageal pH monitoring as their outcome measure. Elevating the head of the crib for treating reflux in the supine position is not justifiable. The seven metoclopramide studies used a variety of outcomes. Compared to placebo, metoclopramide appears to reduce daily symptoms ( SMD -0.73; 95% confidence interval -1.16 to -0.30), and reduce the reflux index (WMD -2.80%; 95% confidence interval -5.58 to -0.01). It does increase side effects. REVIEWERS' CONCLUSIONS Thickened feeds are helpful in reducing the symptoms of GER. Elevating the head of the crib in the supine position does not have any effect. Metoclopramide may have some benefit in comparison to placebo in the symptomatic treatment for GER, but that must be weighed against possible side effects. .
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Craig
- Pediatrics, University of Alberta, 2C3.00 Walter Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, 8440 - 112 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2R7.
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Campiani G, Morelli E, Nacci V, Fattorusso C, Ramunno A, Novellino E, Greenwood J, Liljefors T, Griffiths R, Sinclair C, Reavy H, Kristensen AS, Pickering DS, Schousboe A, Cagnotto A, Fumagalli E, Mennini T. Characterization of the 1H-cyclopentapyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione derivative (S)-CPW399 as a novel, potent, and subtype-selective AMPA receptor full agonist with partial desensitization properties. J Med Chem 2001; 44:4501-4. [PMID: 11741469 DOI: 10.1021/jm015552m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
(S)-CPW399 (2b) is a novel, potent, and subtype-selective AMPA receptor full agonist that, unlike (S)-willardiine and related compounds, in mouse cerebellar granule cells, stimulated an increase in [Ca(2+)](i), and induced neuronal cell death in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Compound 2b appears to be a weakly desensitizing, full agonist at AMPA receptors and therefore represents a new pharmacological tool to investigate the role of AMPA receptors in excitotoxicity and their molecular mechanisms of desensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Campiani
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico (DFCT), Universita' degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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Fazzalari NL, Costi JJ, Hearn TC, Fraser RD, Vernon-Roberts B, Hutchinson J, Manthey BA, Parkinson IH, Sinclair C. Mechanical and pathologic consequences of induced concentric anular tears in an ovine model. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2001; 26:2575-81. [PMID: 11725238 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-200112010-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Relations between induced concentric tears in the sheep disc and the mechanics of the intervertebral joint and vertebral body bone were analyzed. OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of concentric disc tears on the mechanics of the spine. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Degeneration of the intervertebral disc results in changes to the mechanics and morphology of the spine, but the effect of concentric disc tears is unknown. METHODS In this study, 48 merino wethers were subjected to surgery, and discs were randomly selected for either a needlestick injury or induction of a concentric tear in the anterior and left anterolateral anulus. Sheep were randomly assigned to groups for killing at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. From each sheep, two spine segments were mechanically tested: one with a needlestick injury and one with a concentric tear. Macroscopic disc morphology was assessed by three axial slices of the disc. Sagittal bone slices were taken from cranial and caudal vertebral bodies for histologic analysis. RESULTS Induced concentric tears decrease the stiffness of intact spine segments in left bending and the disc alone in flexion. In all other mechanical tests, the needlestick injury had the same effect as the induced concentric tear. In the isolated disc, the disc stiffness at 6 months was increased for right bending, as compared with the response at 1 month. This was associated with increased anterior lamellar thickening and increased vertebral body bone volume fraction. CONCLUSIONS Concentric tears and needlestick injury in the anterior anulus lead to mechanical changes in the disc and both anular lamellar thickness and vertebral body bone volume fraction. A needlestick injury through the anulus parallel to the lamellae produces progressive damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Fazzalari
- Division of Tissue Pathology, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Frome Road, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
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Campiani G, De Angelis M, Armaroli S, Fattorusso C, Catalanotti B, Ramunno A, Nacci V, Novellino E, Grewer C, Ionescu D, Rauen T, Griffiths R, Sinclair C, Fumagalli E, Mennini T. A rational approach to the design of selective substrates and potent nontransportable inhibitors of the excitatory amino acid transporter EAAC1 (EAAT3). new glutamate and aspartate analogues as potential neuroprotective agents. J Med Chem 2001; 44:2507-10. [PMID: 11472204 DOI: 10.1021/jm015509z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Hoffmann AA, Hallas R, Sinclair C, Mitrovski P. Levels of variation in stress resistance in drosophila among strains, local populations, and geographic regions: patterns for desiccation, starvation, cold resistance, and associated traits. Evolution 2001; 55:1621-30. [PMID: 11580021 DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb00681.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stress resistance traits in Drosophila often show clinal variation. Although these patterns suggest selection, there is generally no attempt to test how large differences at the geographical level are relative to levels of variation within and between local populations. Here we compare these levels in D. melanogaster from temperate Tasmania versus tropical northern Queensland by focusing on adult resistance to desiccation, cold and starvation stress, as well as associated traits (size, lipid content). For starvation and desiccation resistance, levels of variation were highest among strains from the same population. whereas there was little differentiation among local populations and a low level of differentiation at the geographic level. For adult cold resistance, there was local differentiation and strain variation but no geographic variation. For size (thorax length), geographic differentiation was higher despite some overlap among strains from the tropical and temperate locations. Finally, for lipid levels there was only evidence for variation among strains. The low level of differentiation among geographic locations for stress resistance was further verified with the characterization of isofemale strains from 18 locations along a coastal transect extending from Tasmania to northern Queensland. Crosses among some of the isofemale strains showed that results were not confounded by inbreeding effects. Strains derived from a cross between a tropical and temperate strain differed for all traits, and variation among strains for body size was higher than strain variation within the geographic regions. Unlike in previous studies, lipid content and starvation resistance were not correlated in any set of strains, but there was a correlation between cold resistance and lipid content. There was also a correlation between desiccation resistance and size but only in the geographic cross strains. These findings suggest a large amount of variation in stress resistance at the population level and inconsistent correlation patterns across experimental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Hoffmann
- Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
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Wu G, Sinclair C, Hinson S, Ingle JN, Roche PC, Couch FJ. Structural analysis of the 17q22-23 amplicon identifies several independent targets of amplification in breast cancer cell lines and tumors. Cancer Res 2001; 61:4951-5. [PMID: 11431322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
A novel region of amplification in breast tumors has recently been identified on chromosome 17q22-23. In an effort to identify the oncogenes in the region that are targeted by the amplification process, we determined the structure of the amplicon in breast cancer cell lines and tumors. Physical and transcription maps of the approximately 3.5-Mb region were established and used as the basis for copy number analysis within the region by Southern blot and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Seven specific and independent amplification maxima were identified in breast cancer cell lines and breast tumors. We present correlative amplification and overexpression studies for the FLJ21316 and Hs.6649 genes suggesting a role for these candidates as amplification-dependent oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Abstract
The Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria has been running sun protection programs for more than 20 years: Slip! Slop! Slap! from 1980 to 1988 and SunSmart from 1988 to the present. The Victorian Health Promotion Foundation has provided funding for the SunSmart program for the past 13 years. These programs have played an important role in changing the whole society's approach to the sun and have resulted in marked reductions in sun exposure. This article describes the social, political, economic, and organizational context within which these programs developed. Then 10 areas are discussed that illustrate a critical aspect of the development and implementation of this successful systemwide health promotion program. These areas focus on key aspects of the context within which the program operates and on issues that derive from the experience of implementing program strategies. In summary, the success of the two programs is described as having been built on two key foundations: the vital integration of research and evaluation, on one hand, and a strong basis of consistency and continuity, on the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Montague
- VicHealth Centre for Tobacco Control at the Cancer Control Research Institute, Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
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Abstract
We investigate changes in resistance to desiccation and starvation during adaptation of Drosophila melanogaster to laboratory culture. We test the hypothesis that resistance to environmental stresses is lost under laboratory adaptation. For both traits, there was a rapid loss of resistance over a three-year period. The rapidity of the response suggested that mutation accumulation could not account for it. Rather, resistance to environmental stresses appeared to be lost as a correlated response to selection on another trait, such as early fertility, with which stress resistance is negatively genetically correlated. These results suggest that caution is needed when extrapolating from evolution of stress resistance in long-established laboratory stocks to patterns of responses and correlated responses in natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Hoffmann
- Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
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Hoffmann AA, Hallas R, Sinclair C, Mitrovski P. LEVELS OF VARIATION IN STRESS RESISTANCE IN DROSOPHILA AMONG STRAINS, LOCAL POPULATIONS, AND GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS: PATTERNS FOR DESICCATION, STARVATION, COLD RESISTANCE, AND ASSOCIATED TRAITS. Evolution 2001. [DOI: 10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[1621:lovisr]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sinclair C. "Who among us will listen?". J Midwifery Womens Health 2001; 46:45. [PMID: 11300309 DOI: 10.1016/s1526-9523(00)00104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sinclair C, Borchers C, Parker C, Tomer K, Charbonneau H, Rossie S. The tetratricopeptide repeat domain and a C-terminal region control the activity of Ser/Thr protein phosphatase 5. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:23666-72. [PMID: 10438550 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.33.23666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein Ser/Thr phosphatase 5 is a 58-kDa protein containing a catalytic domain structurally related to the catalytic subunits of protein phosphatases 1, 2A, and 2B and an extended N-terminal domain with three tetratricopeptide repeats. The activity of this enzyme is stimulated 4-14-fold in vitro by polyunsaturated fatty acids and anionic phospholipids. The structural basis for lipid activation of protein phosphatase 5 was examined by limited proteolysis and site-directed mutagenesis. Trypsinolysis removed the tetratricopeptide repeat domain and increased activity to approximately half that of lipid-stimulated, full-length enzyme. Subtilisin removed the tetratricopeptide repeat domain and 10 residues from the C terminus, creating a catalytic fragment with activity that was equal to or greater than that of lipid-stimulated, full-length enzyme. Catalytic fragments generated by proteolysis were no longer stimulated by lipid, and degradation of the tetratricopeptide repeat domain was decreased by association with lipid. A truncated mutant missing 13 C-terminal residues was also insensitive to lipid and was as active as full-length, lipid-stimulated enzyme. These results suggest that the C-terminal and N-terminal domain act in a coordinated manner to suppress the activity of protein phosphatase 5 and mediate its activation by lipid. These regions may be targets for the regulation of protein phosphatase 5 activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sinclair
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Abstract
1. This study has examined the ability of dichloropropanols, haloalcohols and their putative metabolites to deplete glutathione when incubated with liver fractions obtained from untreated and differentially induced rats. 2. 1,3-Dichloropropan-2-ol and 2,3-dichloropropan-1-ol (0-1000 microM) both depleted glutathione in a dose-dependent manner when incubated with cofactors (NADPH generating system) and liver microsomes from the untreated rat. 3. The extent of GSH depletion was significantly enhanced when liver microsomes from the isoniazid- or isosafrole-treated rat were used. 4. Epichlorohydrin produced a moderate, dose-dependent depletion of GSH. By contrast, 1,3-dichloroacetone (identified by TLC as a metabolite of 1,3-dichloropropanol) was a potent depletor of glutathione. 5. N-acetylcysteine was less efficient than glutathione as a nucleophile trap for epichlorohydrin, 1,3-dichloroacetone or reactive metabolites derived from 1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol. 6. 1,3-Dibromopropan-2-ol and 1,4-dibromobutan-2-ol were potent depletors of GSH but 1-bromopropan-2-ol produced less GSH depletion. Both dibromoalcohols depleted GSH when incubated with dialysed cytosol derived from the livers of untreated rats. 7. The GSH depletion mediated by 1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol, 1,3-dibromopropan-2-ol, 1,4-dibromobutan-2-ol and 1-bromopropan-2-ol was inhibited by inclusion of pyridine (1 mM) or cofactor omission. 1,3-Difluoropropanol did not deplete GSH under any of the conditions examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Garle
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
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Sabbattini P, Georgiou A, Sinclair C, Dillon N. Analysis of mice with single and multiple copies of transgenes reveals a novel arrangement for the lambda5-VpreB1 locus control region. Mol Cell Biol 1999; 19:671-9. [PMID: 9858590 PMCID: PMC83924 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.19.1.671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/1998] [Accepted: 10/19/1998] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The murine lambda5-VpreB1 locus encodes two proteins that form part of the pre-B-cell receptor and play a key role in B-lymphocyte development. We have identified a locus control region (LCR) which is responsible for coordinate activation of both genes in pre-B cells. Analysis of mice with single and multiple copies of transgenes shows a clear difference in the expression behavior of the genes depending on the transgene copy number. While expression of both lambda5 and VpreB1 in single- and two-copy integrations requires the presence of a set of DNase I hypersensitive sites located 3' of the lambda5 gene, small fragments containing the genes have LCR activity when arranged in multiple-copy tandem arrays, indicating that additional components of the LCR are located within or close to the genes. The complete LCR is capable of driving efficient copy-dependent expression of a lambda5 gene in pre-B cells even when it is integrated into centomeric gamma-satellite DNA. The finding that activation of expression of the locus by positively acting factors is fully dominant over the silencing effect of heterochromatin has implications for models for chromatin-mediated gene silencing during B-cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sabbattini
- Gene Regulation and Chromatin Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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