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Janca A, Burke JD, Isaac M, Burke KC, Costa JA, Silva E, Acuda SW, Altamura AC, Chandrashekar CR, Miranda CT, Tacchini G. The World Health Organization somatoform disorders schedule. A preliminary report on design and reliability. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 10:373-8. [DOI: 10.1016/0924-9338(96)80340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/1995] [Accepted: 04/18/1995] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SummaryThe World Health Organization (WHO) Somatoform Disorders Schedule (SDS) is a highly standardized instrument for the assessment of somatoform disorders according to the tenth revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) and the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV). The SDS was produced in the framework of the WHO International Study of Somatoform Disorders and tested for its reliability in Brazil, India, Italy, the USA and Zimbabwe. A sample of 180 patients from general psychiatry, primary care and general medical settings were interviewed with the SDS within a three-day interval by nonclinician and clinician interviewers. The agreement between the two interviews was tested using the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and kappa statistic. The test-retest reliability of the SDS was found to be very good (the ICC for all the centres was 0.76; overall kappa value for SDS questions was 0.58; one-third of SDS questions had a kappa value of 0.60 or higher). The field test results of the SDS indicated that the instrument may be administered in larger studies by non-clinician interviewers without compromising the ability to document the prevalence of somatoform disorders in different cultures.
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Felício LP, Silva EM, Ribeiro V, Miranda CT, Vieira ILBF, Passos DCS, Ferreira AKS, Vale CR, Lima DCS, Carvalho S, Nunes WB. Mutagenic potential and modulatory effects of the medicinal plant Luehea divaricata (Malvaceae) in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster: SMART/wing. Genet Mol Res 2011; 10:16-24. [PMID: 21218382 DOI: 10.4238/vol10-1gmr982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Luehea divaricata is a native plant of the Brazilian Cerrado, known as "açoita-cavalo". It is used as a popular herbal medicine in the treatment of dysentery, bleeding, arthritis, tumors, ulcers, and gangrenous wounds. Considering that herbal medicines sometimes provoke tumors and/or may prevent mutational events, it is important to study the action of these natural drugs on DNA. Aqueous extract of the bark of L. divaricata was evaluated at three different concentrations (0.10, 0.30, 0.50 mg/mL), individually and in combination with the neoplastic drug doxorubicin (DXR), by the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART/wing) in Drosophila melanogaster. Distilled water was included as a negative control. The mutation frequency in the treatments with L. divaricata extract alone was not significantly higher than in the negative control for standard (ST) and high bioactivation (HB) crosses. When L. divaricata extract was combined with DXR, there was a significant reduction in the frequency of spots when compared to DXR alone, in both crosses. Further studies with other experimental models would be useful to confirm that L. divaricata extract is not harmful and that it could be used in the prevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Felício
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brasil.
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Danis B, Debacker V, Miranda CT, Dubois P. Levels and effects of PCDD/Fs and co-PCBs in sediments, mussels, and sea stars of the intertidal zone in the southern North Sea and the English Channel. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2006; 65:188-200. [PMID: 16125238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2005.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2004] [Revised: 05/31/2005] [Accepted: 07/09/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable concern regarding dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) in the marine environment. These ubiquitous contaminants are highly resistant to degradation, highly accumulated by marine organisms, and extremely toxic. Concentrations of DLCs, including 7 polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins, 10 polychlorodibenzofurans, and 4 coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls, were determined in sediments, mussels (Mytilus edulis), and sea stars (Asterias rubens) from five intertidal stations distributed along the Belgian coast and the English Channel. The induction of a biomarker, cytochrome P450 immunopositive protein (CYP1A IPP), was also measured in sea star pyloric caeca. Although no significant differences were found between the considered stations, DLC levels were found to be relatively high in biota, especially when the toxicity of these compounds is considered. Particular concern arises from TEQ values determined in mussels from all locations. Sea stars were found to be more discriminant between the stations. CYP1A IPP induction was found to be significantly related to DLC levels measured in sea stars and allowed significant discrimination between the considered stations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Danis
- Marine Biology Laboratory (CP 160/15), Free University of Brussels, 50 avenue F.D. Roosevelt, B-1050, Belgium, Bruxelles.
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Quintana MI, Andreoli SB, Jorge MR, Gastal FL, Miranda CT. The reliability of the Brazilian version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 2.1). Braz J Med Biol Res 2004; 37:1739-45. [PMID: 15517091 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2004001100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine the reliability of the Brazilian version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 2.1 (CIDI 2.1) in clinical psychiatry. The CIDI 2.1 was translated into Portuguese using WHO guidelines and reliability was studied using the inter-rater reliability method. The study sample consisted of 186 subjects from psychiatric hospitals and clinics, primary care centers and community services. The interviewers consisted of a group of 13 lay and three non-lay interviewers submitted to the CIDI training. The average interview time was 2 h and 30 min. General reliability ranged from kappa 0.50 to 1. For lifetime diagnoses the reliability ranged from kappa 0.77 (Bipolar Affective Disorder) to 1 (Substance-Related Disorder, Alcohol-Related Disorder, Eating Disorders). Previous year reliability ranged from kappa 0.66 (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder) to 1 (Dissociative Disorders, Maniac Disorders, Eating Disorders). The poorest reliability rate was found for Mild Depressive Episode (kappa = 0.50) during the previous year. Training proved to be a fundamental factor for maintaining good reliability. Technical knowledge of the questionnaire compensated for the lack of psychiatric knowledge of the lay personnel. Inter-rater reliability was good to excellent for persons in psychiatric practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Quintana
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
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Moreno P, Saravanan Y, Levav I, Kohn R, Miranda CT. Evaluation of the PAHO/WHO training program on the detection and treatment of depression for primary care nurses in Panama. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2003; 108:61-5. [PMID: 12807378 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0447.2003.00133.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the efficacy of a training program developed by Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) for primary care nurses aimed at improving their capacity to detect and manage depression. METHOD Changes in knowledge and clinical practice were assessed in a group of primary care nurses in Panama who underwent the program. They were compared with a group of controls. RESULTS Nurses who underwent the training program showed a statistically significant improvement in knowledge and detection of depressive disorders. In addition, they increased their notification of patients with depression to the primary care physician. No change was noted in the control group. CONCLUSION The results point to the benefit of the PAHO/WHO training program for primary care nurses in the care of major depression. Further studies are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Moreno
- Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, Division of Health Promotion and Protection, Mental Health Program, Washington, DC, USA
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Isaac M, Janca A, Burke KC, Costa e Silva JA, Acuda SW, Altamura AC, Burke JD, Chandrashekar CR, Miranda CT, Tacchini G. Medically unexplained somatic symptoms in different cultures. A preliminary report from phase I of the World Health Organization International Study of Somatoform Disorders. Psychother Psychosom 2001; 64:88-93. [PMID: 8559958 DOI: 10.1159/000288996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization has recently launched an international study of somatoform disorders in different cultures. Five centres representing distinct cultures participated in phase I of the project, the main objective of which was to test the cross-cultural applicability and reliability of instruments for the assessment of somatoform disorders. The analysis of the assessed somatic symptoms showed that various aches and pains in different parts of the body represented cross-culturally the most frequent symptoms for which there was no medical explanation. Such symptoms may indicate the presence of an underlying mental disorder but can also represent a means for culture-specific expression of psychosocial distress. This bears particular significance for health professionals in primary and general medical care, who are most likely to encounter patients presenting with multiple, persistent and medically unexplained somatic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Isaac
- Division of Mental Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Miranda CT, Paula CS, Santos L, Nobrega FJ, Hundeide K, Orley J. Association between mother-child interaction and mental health among mothers of malnourished children. J Trop Pediatr 2000; 46:314. [PMID: 11077946 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/46.5.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Silva EM, Miranda CT, Puccini RF, Nóbrega FJ. Day care centres as an institution for health promotion among needy children: an analytical study in São Paulo, Brazil. Public Health 2000; 114:385-8. [PMID: 11035461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of day care centres in the nutritional state of children belonging to a low-income population, comparing the nutritional state of the children in the day care centres with children in the same population who were given other types of day care. DESIGN Analytical cross-sectional study. SETTING Public day care centres/primary health care. PARTICIPANTS Children aged 0-6 yr attending in 4 public day care centres (n=446) and sample of population obtained during vaccination campaign (n=1626). MEASUREMENT Nutritional evaluation was conducted through weight and height measurements, using as a standard the NCHS (USA) table and Gomez and Waterlow methodology. The type of daily care received by the children was assessed through a questionnaire answered by the responsible persons during the vaccination campaign. RESULTS The nutritional status of children attended in the day care centers was better than children of the same community receiving other types of daily care (OR=0.48; CI 95%=0.36-0.65;P>0.0001). The improvement was related to more than 1 year of enrollment in the day care (OR=0.74; CI 95%=0.57-0.96;P=0.02).
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Silva
- Federal University of São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Silva EMK, Miranda CT, Puccini RF, Nóbrega FJ. Day care centres as an institution for health promotion among needy children. Public Health 2000. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.ph.1900650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Grob CS, McKenna DJ, Callaway JC, Brito GS, Neves ES, Oberlaender G, Saide OL, Labigalini E, Tacla C, Miranda CT, Strassman RJ, Boone KB. Human psychopharmacology of hoasca, a plant hallucinogen used in ritual context in Brazil. J Nerv Ment Dis 1996; 184:86-94. [PMID: 8596116 DOI: 10.1097/00005053-199602000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A multinational, collaborative, biomedical investigation of the effects of hoasca (ayahuasca), a potent concoction of plant hallucinogens, was conducted in the Brazilian Amazon during the summer of 1993. This report describes the psychological assessment of 15 long-term members of a syncretic church that utilizes hoasca as a legal, psychoactive sacrament as well as 15 matched controls with no prior history of hoasca ingestion. Measures administered to both groups included structured psychiatric diagnostic interviews, personality testing, and neuropsychological evaluation. Phenomenological assessment of the altered state experience as well as semistructured and open-ended life story interviews were conducted with the long-term use hoasca group, but not the hoasca-naive control group. Salient findings included the remission of psychopathology following the initiation of hoasca use along with no evidence of personality or cognitive deterioration. Overall assessment revealed high functional status. Implications of this unusual phenomenon and need for further investigation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Grob
- Department of Psychiatry, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, 90509, USA
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Miranda CT, Labigalini E, Tacla C. Alternative religion and outcome of alcohol dependence in Brazil. Addiction 1995; 90:847. [PMID: 7633304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Abstract
This is a cross-sectional community study conducted to assess the one-year prevalence of psychotropic use in the city of São Paulo. A representative stratified sample of the city was drawn from three sub-districts selected on the basis of their health indicators (Ramos & Goihman, 1989). The probability of a psychiatric disorder was estimated by means of the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Questionnaire (QMPA) developed by Santana (1982). The total sample comprised 1742 subjects: 11.7% of males and 24.6% of females were probable cases in the QMPA, at the cut-off point 7/8. The overall psychotropic consumption was 101.6 persons/1000 inhabitants. The rate of psychotropic use was higher for females (142.3 persons/1000 inhabitants) than males (50.0 persons/1000), a difference statistically significant (chi(2) = 18.0, 1 df, P < 0.001). The highest rate of consumption was for tranquillizers (80.4/1000 inhabitants) and the general physician was found to be the leading prescriber (46.9%), being followed by cardiologists (15.3%). A log-linear model was constructed to study the combined effect of sociodemographic factors on the probability of being a tranquillizer user. Women were found to take more tranquillizers than men, consumption increased with age, and the positives in the QMPA were more likely to be users than were the negatives. The higher the family income per capita the higher the risk of being a tranquillizer user. These findings applied regardless of the sub-district, marital status, and migration status of the subjects. These results are discussed in the light of the alternative possible interventions by general practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Mari
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Department of Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil
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