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Hoffman JI, Bauer E, Paijmans AJ, Humble E, Beckmann LM, Kubetschek C, Christaller F, Kröcker N, Fuchs B, Moreras A, Shihlomule YD, Bester MN, Cleary AC, De Bruyn PJN, Forcada J, Goebel ME, Goldsworthy SD, Guinet C, Hoelzel AR, Lydersen C, Kovacs KM, Lowther A. A global cline in a colour polymorphism suggests a limited contribution of gene flow towards the recovery of a heavily exploited marine mammal. R Soc Open Sci 2018; 5:181227. [PMID: 30473858 PMCID: PMC6227926 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating how populations are connected by migration is important for understanding species resilience because gene flow can facilitate recovery from demographic declines. We therefore investigated the extent to which migration may have contributed to the global recovery of the Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella), a circumpolar distributed marine mammal that was brought to the brink of extinction by the sealing industry in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It is widely believed that animals emigrating from South Georgia, where a relict population escaped sealing, contributed to the re-establishment of formerly occupied breeding colonies across the geographical range of the species. To investigate this, we interrogated a genetic polymorphism (S291F) in the melanocortin 1 receptor gene, which is responsible for a cream-coloured phenotype that is relatively abundant at South Georgia and which appears to have recently spread to localities as far afield as Marion Island in the sub-Antarctic Indian Ocean. By sequencing a short region of this gene in 1492 pups from eight breeding colonies, we showed that S291F frequency rapidly declines with increasing geographical distance from South Georgia, consistent with locally restricted gene flow from South Georgia mainly to the South Shetland Islands and Bouvetøya. The S291F allele was not detected farther afield, suggesting that although emigrants from South Georgia may have been locally important, they are unlikely to have played a major role in the recovery of geographically more distant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. I. Hoffman
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK
| | - E. Bauer
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - A. J. Paijmans
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - E. Humble
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - L. M. Beckmann
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - C. Kubetschek
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - F. Christaller
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - N. Kröcker
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - B. Fuchs
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - A. Moreras
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Y. D. Shihlomule
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - M. N. Bester
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - A. C. Cleary
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - P. J. N. De Bruyn
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - J. Forcada
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK
| | - M. E. Goebel
- Antarctic Ecosystem Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - S. D. Goldsworthy
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, 2 Hamra Avenue, West Beach, South Australia 5024, Australia
| | - C. Guinet
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), CNRS and Université de La Rochelle - UMR 7372, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
| | - A. R. Hoelzel
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - C. Lydersen
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - K. M. Kovacs
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - A. Lowther
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
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Fournel L, Janet-Vendroux A, Canny-Hamelin E, Mansuet-Lupo A, Guinet C, Bobbio A, Damotte D, Alifano M. [Malignant pleural mesothelioma: The role of surgery]. Rev Pneumol Clin 2018; 74:351-358. [PMID: 30316650 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneumo.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and highly aggressive disease, whose incidence is increasing. Asbestos is the primary causal agent. STATE OF KNOWLEDGE Knowledge about MPM has evolved. Thoracoscopy is essential for diagnosis of MPM. It allows performing pleural biopsies, to study the extent of the disease and to relieve dyspnea. The pathological diagnosis is also better codified with immunohistochemistry and with analysis by expert of Mesopath group. Curative surgical treatments are pleurectomy decortication and extended pneumonectomy in combination with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Those heavy treatments improve survival in highly selected patients. For the other patients, supportive measures will be considered to reduce pain and dyspnea. PROSPECT Radical surgical treatment is only offered in therapeutic trials or multimodal treatment. Its place is not formally established. New therapies associated to surgical treatment are being studied. CONCLUSIONS Surgical management of MPM has to be operated in specialized teams where the survival benefit and quality of life is discussed case by case.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fournel
- Service de chirurgie thoracique, université Paris Descartes, hôpital Cochin, hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Centre, AP-HP, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - A Janet-Vendroux
- Service de chirurgie thoracique, université Paris Descartes, hôpital Cochin, hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Centre, AP-HP, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - E Canny-Hamelin
- Service de chirurgie thoracique, université Paris Descartes, hôpital Cochin, hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Centre, AP-HP, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - A Mansuet-Lupo
- Service d'anatomopathologie, université Paris Descartes, hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Centre, AP-HP, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - C Guinet
- Service de radiologie, université Paris Descartes, hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Centre, AP-HP, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - A Bobbio
- Service de chirurgie thoracique, université Paris Descartes, hôpital Cochin, hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Centre, AP-HP, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - D Damotte
- Service d'anatomopathologie, université Paris Descartes, hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Centre, AP-HP, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - M Alifano
- Service de chirurgie thoracique, université Paris Descartes, hôpital Cochin, hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Centre, AP-HP, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
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Schenck N, Saurat C, Guinet C, Fourrier-Jeandel C, Roche L, Bouvet A, Husson C, Saintonge FX, Contal C, Ioos R. First Report of Phytophthora ramorum Causing Japanese Larch Dieback in France. Plant Dis 2018; 102:PDIS02180288PDN. [PMID: 30088960 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-18-0288-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Schenck
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety, Plant Health Laboratory, Mycology Unit, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - C Saurat
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety, Plant Health Laboratory, Mycology Unit, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - C Guinet
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety, Plant Health Laboratory, Mycology Unit, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - C Fourrier-Jeandel
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety, Plant Health Laboratory, Mycology Unit, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - L Roche
- Office National des Forêts, 29560 Argol, France
| | - A Bouvet
- Ministère de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, DGAL, SDQPV, Département de la santé des forêts, 75015, Paris, France
| | - C Husson
- Ministère de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, DGAL, SDQPV, Département de la santé des forêts, 75015, Paris, France
| | - F-X Saintonge
- Ministère de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, DGAL, SDQPV, Département de la santé des forêts, 75015, Paris, France
| | - C Contal
- Laboratoire Départemental d'Analyses du Bas-Rhin, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - R Ioos
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety, Plant Health Laboratory, Mycology Unit, 54220 Malzéville, France
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Guinet C, Fourrier-Jeandel C, Cerf-Wendling I, Ioos R. One-Step Detection of Monilinia fructicola, M. fructigena, and M. laxa on Prunus and Malus by a Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay. Plant Dis 2016; 100:2465-2474. [PMID: 30686173 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-16-0655-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Brown rot is an economically important fungal disease affecting stone and pome fruit orchards, as well as harvested fruit during storage and on the market. Monilinia fructicola, M. laxa, and M. fructigena are the main causal agents of this disease and each have a different regulatory status depending on regional regulations. In this study, a new multiplex tool based on real-time polymerase chain reaction was developed to detect the three pathogenic fungi in a single reaction on fruit, twigs, and flowers of Prunus and Malus spp. Species-specific primer-hydrolysis probe combinations were designed to amplify a region located in a previously described MO368 sequenced characterized amplified region marker, and used in a quadruplex format coupled with the 18S Uni universal primer-probe test in order to check the quality of the DNA template. The assay was designed and optimized with the objective to provide high performance values. Experimental data supported its sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and robustness. In addition, a set of quality controls was implemented to minimize the risk of false-positive and false-negative results, thus making this new test fit for use in serial analyses and reliable in the framework of official controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Guinet
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail (ANSES) Laboratoire de la Santé des Végétaux, Unité de Mycologie, Domaine de Pixérécourt, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - C Fourrier-Jeandel
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail (ANSES) Laboratoire de la Santé des Végétaux, Unité de Mycologie, Domaine de Pixérécourt, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - I Cerf-Wendling
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail (ANSES) Laboratoire de la Santé des Végétaux, Unité de Mycologie, Domaine de Pixérécourt, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - R Ioos
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail (ANSES) Laboratoire de la Santé des Végétaux, Unité de Mycologie, Domaine de Pixérécourt, 54220 Malzéville, France
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Kernaléguen L, Cherel Y, Guinet C, Arnould JPY. Mating success and body condition not related to foraging specializations in male fur seals. R Soc Open Sci 2016; 3:160143. [PMID: 27493771 PMCID: PMC4968463 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Individual specialization is widespread among wild populations. While its fitness consequences are central in predicting the ecological and evolutionary trajectories of populations, they remain poorly understood. Long-term individual foraging specializations occur in male Antarctic (Arctocephalus gazella) and Australian (A. pusillus doriferus) fur seals. Strong selective pressure is expected in these highly dimorphic and polygynous species, raising the question of the fitness payoffs associated with different foraging strategies. We investigated the relationship between individual isotopic niche (a proxy of foraging specialization), body size and condition, and an index of reproductive success (harem size) in territorial males. Individuals varied greatly in their skin and fur isotopic values reflecting a range of foraging strategies within the two populations. However, in both species, isotopic niche was not correlated to body size, condition or mating success (R (2)/ρ < 0.06). Furthermore, no foraging niche was predominant in either species, which would have indicated a substantial long-term fitness benefit of a particular strategy via a higher survival rate. These results suggest that the fitness consequences of a foraging strategy depend not only on the quality of prey and feeding habitat but also on an individual's hunting efficiency and skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Kernaléguen
- Geelong, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372 du CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, BP 14, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Y. Cherel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372 du CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, BP 14, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - C. Guinet
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372 du CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, BP 14, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - J. P. Y. Arnould
- Geelong, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Tixier
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC); UMR 7372; CNRS-Université de la Rochelle; Villiers en Bois France
| | - M. Authier
- Observatoire PELAGIS, UMS 3462 du CNRS; Université de La Rochelle; La Rochelle France
| | - N. Gasco
- Département des Milieux et Peuplements Aquatiques; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Paris France
| | - C. Guinet
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC); UMR 7372; CNRS-Université de la Rochelle; Villiers en Bois France
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Lococo F, Charpentier MC, Guinet C, Brandolini J, Alifano M, Regnard JF. Mediastinal recurrence from ovarian cystadenocarcinoma presenting as pleuro-pericardial cyst. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2014; 18:2094-2096. [PMID: 25070811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A 56 year-old woman (treated for ovarian cystadenocarcinoma 9-yrs before) presented a slowly increasing dyspnea. CT-scan revealed a mediastinal cyst with typical radiological pattern compatible with benign pleuro-pericardial cyst. The cyst was removed via right thoracoscopy. Surprisingly, the pathology were indicative of cystic mediastinal recurrence from ovarian adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lococo
- Unit of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS-Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
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Samama M, Contant G, Spiro T, Perzborn E, Le Flem L, Guinet C, Gourmelin Y, Martinoli J. Evaluation of the prothrombin time for measuring rivaroxaban plasma concentrations using calibrators and controls. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2012-000074.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Samama M, Contant G, Spiro T, Perzborn E, Guinet C, Gourmelin Y, Le Flem L, Rohde G, Martinoli J. Evaluation of the antifactor XA chromogenic assay for measuring rivaroxaban plasma concentrations using calibrators and controls. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2012-000074.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Tripodi A, Chantarangkul V, Guinet C, Samama MM. The International Normalized Ratio calibrated for rivaroxaban has the potential to normalize prothrombin time results for rivaroxaban-treated patients: results of an in vitro study. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:226-8. [PMID: 20942848 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04106.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
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Cotté C, Guinet C, Taupier-Letage I, Petiau E. Habitat use and abundance of striped dolphins in the western Mediterranean Sea prior to the morbillivirus epizootic resurgence. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2010. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Samaran F, Adam O, Guinet C. Discovery of a mid-latitude sympatric area for two Southern Hemisphere blue whale subspecies. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2010. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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14
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Kerbrat M, Goriot-Raynaud N, Hauchecorne S, Leguillon C, Fezaa H, Recroix B, Guinet C, Joachim H. Assessment of the proposed training for community nurses in different French CF centres, to carry out home based antibiotic treatment. J Cyst Fibros 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(10)60412-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cherel Y, Kernaléguen L, Richard P, Guinet C. Whisker isotopic signature depicts migration patterns and multi-year intra- and inter-individual foraging strategies in fur seals. Biol Lett 2009; 5:830-2. [PMID: 19793740 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2009.0552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The movement and dietary history of individuals can be studied using stable isotope records in archival keratinous tissues. Here, we present a chronology of temporally fine-scale data on the trophic niche of otariid seals by measuring the isotopic signature of serially sampled whiskers. Whiskers of male Antarctic fur seals breeding at the Crozet Islands showed synchronous and regular oscillations in both their delta(13)C and delta(15)N values that are likely to represent their annual migrations over the long term (mean 4.8 years). At the population level, male Antarctic fur seals showed substantial variation in both delta(13)C and delta(15)N values, occupying nearly all the 'isotopic space' created by the diversity of potential oceanic habitats (from high Antarctica to the subtropics) and prey (from Antarctic krill to subantarctic and subtropical mesopelagic fishes). At the individual level, whisker isotopic signatures depict a large diversity of foraging strategies. Some seals remained in either subantarctic or Antarctic waters, while the migratory cycle of most animals encompassed a wide latitudinal gradient where they fed on different prey. The isotopic signature of whiskers, therefore, revealed new multi-year foraging strategies of male Antarctic fur seals and is a powerful tool for investigating the ecological niche during cryptic stages of mammals' life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Cherel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UPR 1934 du CNRS, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France.
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de Stephanis R, Verborgh P, Pérez S, Esteban R, Minvielle-Sebastia L, Guinet C. Long-term social structure of long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) in the Strait of Gibraltar. Acta Ethol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10211-008-0045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Samama MM, Le Flem L, Guinet C, Gerotziafas G, Depasse F. Three different patterns of calibrated automated thrombogram obtained with six different anticoagulants. J Thromb Haemost 2007; 5:2554-6. [PMID: 18034769 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02753.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Biuw M, Boehme L, Guinet C, Hindell M, Costa D, Charrassin JB, Roquet F, Bailleul F, Meredith M, Thorpe S, Tremblay Y, McDonald B, Park YH, Rintoul SR, Bindoff N, Goebel M, Crocker D, Lovell P, Nicholson J, Monks F, Fedak MA. Variations in behavior and condition of a Southern Ocean top predator in relation to in situ oceanographic conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:13705-10. [PMID: 17693555 PMCID: PMC1959446 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0701121104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Responses by marine top predators to environmental variability have previously been almost impossible to observe directly. By using animal-mounted instruments simultaneously recording movements, diving behavior, and in situ oceanographic properties, we studied the behavioral and physiological responses of southern elephant seals to spatial environmental variability throughout their circumpolar range. Improved body condition of seals in the Atlantic sector was associated with Circumpolar Deep Water upwelling regions within the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, whereas High-Salinity Shelf Waters or temperature/salinity gradients under winter pack ice were important in the Indian and Pacific sectors. Energetic consequences of these variations could help explain recently observed population trends, showing the usefulness of this approach in examining the sensitivity of top predators to global and regional-scale climate variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Biuw
- Natural Environment Research Council Sea Mammal Research Unit, Gatty Marine Laboratory, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, United Kingdom.
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Monestiez P, Dubroca L, Bonnin E, Durbec JP, Guinet C. Geostatistical modelling of spatial distribution of Balaenoptera physalus in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea from sparse count data and heterogeneous observation efforts. Ecol Modell 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Guinet C, Servera N, Deville T, Beauplet G. Changes in subantarctic fur seal pups' activity budget and diving behaviours throughout the rearing period. CAN J ZOOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1139/z05-087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Time spent in the water and diving behaviour of subantarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus tropicalis (Gray, 1872)) at Amsterdam Island in the southern Indian Ocean were investigated using time–depth recorders throughout the pup-rearing period. The main finding of this study, contrary to the findings of previous studies conducted on other fur seal species, was the decrease in the mean daily amount of time spent in the water throughout the pup-rearing period. The decrease in the amount of time spent in the water by older individuals compared with younger ones is likely to be related to the reduction of the pups' energy expenditure with a decreasing provisioning rate by their mothers. No change in the number of dives or the amount of time dedicated to diving relative to the time spent in the water could be detected throughout the pup-rearing period. The mean maximum dive depth increased with pup age and decreased with pup mass, and maximum dive duration was also found to increase with pup age. The positive effect of pup size on dive rates was the only relationship suggesting that pups' growth performance may act positively on the ontogeny of their diving capabilities. The large interindividual variation in the amount of time spent in the water and in dive rates, and the absence of any clear relationship with pup mass and pup growth performance, suggest the existence of alternative strategies: either pups invest more energy in developing their swimming and diving abilities, to the detriment of the body fat stores, or reduce their activity level to enhance body fat stores to increase their postweaning survival rate.
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Guinet C, Servera N, Mangin S, Georges JY, Lacroix A. Change in plasma cortisol and metabolites during the attendance period ashore in fasting lactating subantarctic fur seals. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2004; 137:523-31. [PMID: 15123189 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2003.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2003] [Revised: 11/10/2003] [Accepted: 11/11/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lactating fur seals (Arctocephalus tropicalis) alternate foraging trips at sea and pup attendance periods ashore. During the onshore nursing periods, lactating females do not have access to food and meet both their own metabolic requirements and milk production from their body reserve. Blood and milk samples were collected from females captured soon after their arrival ashore from a foraging trip and before their departure. Milk lipid but not milk protein content was positively related to the body condition index (BCI) of the female. During the 4-day attendance period ashore, females lost body mass, and plasma cortisol levels increased, whereas plasma urea concentration decreased and beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-OHB) remained unchanged. The increase in cortisol level took place while blood urea concentration decreased and beta-OHB remained at a low level suggesting that it was independent from the transition from phase II to phase III that is indicative of the depletion of lipid body store as described in penguins. Thus, our results suggest that the increase in cortisol level in relation to decreasing BCI may either contribute to the mobilization of protein stores to ensure milk production when easily mobilized stores are used and/or could act as a re-feeding signal which is triggered well before females have depleted their body store.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Guinet
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 1934, 79 360 Villiers en Bois, France.
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Arnould JPY, Luque SP, Guinet C, Costa DP, Kingston J, Shaffer SA. The comparative energetics and growth strategies of sympatric Antarctic and subantarctic fur seal pups at Îles Crozet. J Exp Biol 2003; 206:4497-506. [PMID: 14610034 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
The period of maternal dependence is a time during which mammalian infants must optimise both their growth and the development of behavioural skills in order to successfully meet the demands of independent living. The rate and duration of maternal provisioning, post-weaning food availability and climatic conditions are all factors likely to influence the growth strategies of infants. While numerous studies have documented differences in growth strategies at high taxonomic levels, few have investigated those of closely related species inhabiting similar environments. The present study examined the body composition, metabolism and indices of physiological development in pups of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) and subantarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus tropicalis), congeneric species with different weaning ages (4 months and 10 months, respectively), during their overlap in lactation at a sympatric breeding site in the Iles Crozet. Body lipid reserves in pre-moult pups were significantly greater(t28=2.73, P<0.01) in subantarctic (26%) than Antarctic fur seals (22%). Antarctic fur seal pups, however, had significantly higher (t26=3.82, P<0.001) in-air resting metabolic rates (RMR; 17.1±0.6 ml O2 kg-1min-1) than subantarctic fur seal pups (14.1±0.5 ml O2 kg-1 min-1). While in-water standard metabolic rate (SMR; 22.9±2.5 ml O2 kg-1min-1) was greater than in-air RMR for Antarctic fur seal pups(t9=2.59, P<0.03), there were no significant differences between in-air RMR and in-water SMR for subantarctic fur seal pups(t12=0.82, P>0.4), although this is unlikely to reflect a greater ability for pre-moult pups of the latter species to thermoregulate in water. Pup daily energy expenditure was also significantly greater (t27=2.36, P<0.03) in Antarctic fur seals (638±33 kJ kg-1 day-1) than in subantarctic fur seals (533±33 kJ kg-1 day-1), which corroborates observations that pups of the former species spend considerably more time actively learning to swim and dive. Consistent with this observation is the finding that blood oxygen storage capacity was significantly greater(t9=2.81, P<0.03) in Antarctic (11.5%) than subantarctic fur seal (8.9%) pups. These results suggest that, compared with subantarctic fur seals, Antarctic fur seal pups adopt a strategy of faster lean growth and physiological development, coupled with greater amounts of metabolically expensive behavioural activity, in order to acquire the necessary foraging skills in time for their younger weaning age.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Y Arnould
- Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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23
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Georges JY, Groscolas R, Guinet C, Robin JP. Milking strategy in subantarctic fur seals Arctocephalus tropicalis breeding on Amsterdam Island: evidence from changes in milk composition. Physiol Biochem Zool 2001; 74:548-59. [PMID: 11436139 DOI: 10.1086/322164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2001] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Milk composition was investigated throughout the 10-mo pup-rearing period in subantarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus tropicalis) breeding on Amsterdam Island. The mean milk composition was 42.8% +/- 5.7% lipid, 12.1% +/- 1.5% protein, and 42.6% +/- 7.3% water. Subantarctic fur seals breeding on Amsterdam Island produced one of the richest milks ever reported in otariids (20.4 +/- 2.9 kJ/g), with lipid content contributing 85% of total gross energy. The high lipid levels measured in the milk of subantarctic fur seals breeding on Amsterdam Island is consistent (i) with the relatively long time lactating females spend at sea, due to the relatively poor local trophic conditions near the colony that necessitate that they travel long distances to reach the foraging grounds, and (ii) with the consequently short time mothers spend with their pups ashore. Milk composition changed according to the time mothers were fasting ashore: milk produced during the first 2 d spent ashore, when more than 80% of milk transfer occurred, had higher levels of lipids, proteins, and gross energy than milk produced later during the visit ashore, suggesting that the pups were fed with two types of milk during a suckling period. Throughout the year, mothers in good condition produced milk of higher lipid content than others, suggesting that individual foraging skills contribute to enhance milk quality. Milk lipid and gross energy content varied with pup age, according to quadratic relationships, increasing during the earlier stages of lactation before reaching asymptotic values when pups were 180 d old. The stage of lactation appears to be a better predictor of milk lipid content than the duration of the preceding foraging trip, suggesting that either changes in the nutritional requirements of the pup and/or seasonal changes in trophic conditions act on milk composition. These changes in milk quality may also be related to changes in maternal care; lactating subantarctic fur seals apparently reallocate their body reserves toward gestation rather than lactation at the end of the pup-rearing period.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Georges
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UPR 1934, 79360 Villiers en bois, France.
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24
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Garcia-Meunier P, Pastout L, Chevalier G, Guinet C. [Rapid determination of sex in Myocastor coypus embryos in the first stage of gestation]. C R Acad Sci III 2001; 324:321-5. [PMID: 11386079 DOI: 10.1016/s0764-4469(00)01305-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The early knowledge of the sex may be crucial for the understanding of many features of ecological and evolutive biology, including offspring sex-ratio adjustment and evolution of breeding systems. In coypu (Myocastor coypus), significant variation in birth sex-ratios can be observed and selective abortion of entire litters is one of the cited mechanisms. In order to determine the sex of coypu embryos in the earlier stages of gestation (second week), we developed a molecular technique based on PCR amplification of a region of the Sry gene. These method used the combination of two sets of primers: one specific of the Y-chromosome; the other one, autosomal, is a positive control for amplification. Because of the direct amplification of embryo lysate without DNA extraction, the present sexing technique is rapid, relatively simple and inexpensive, and presents numerous advantages for the study at population scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Garcia-Meunier
- Laboratoire de biologie et environnement marins, institut de la mer et du littoral, avenue Lazaret, port des Minimes, 17000 La Rochelle, France.
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25
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26
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27
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Mohty M, Peyriere H, Guinet C, Hillaire-Buys D, Blayac JP, Rossi JF. Carboxypeptidase G2 rescue in delayed methotrexate elimination in renal failure. Leuk Lymphoma 2000; 37:441-3. [PMID: 10752997 DOI: 10.3109/10428190009089446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We report here the case of a 68-year-old woman who presented severe renal failure following the first cycle of high dose methotrexate (HDMTX) for the treatment of a cerebral malignant lymphoma. Before HDMTX administration, serum creatinine value was normal and three days after HDMTX, it reached 457 micromol/L. Leucovorin rescue, hemodialysis and cholestyramine did not increase MTX clearance. Because of the persistence of renal failure, and the high risk of important hematological side-effects associated with high MTX plasma levels, the patient received carboxypeptidase G2 (CPDG2). This allowed MTX plasma levels to decrease by 80% in 15 minutes. No side effects were observed and renal function normalized rapidly. In some patients, when high-dose leucovorin associated with hemodialysis and cholestyramine are unable to restore normal MTX clearance, CPDG2 should be considered because it may represent a safe and efficient alternative for the management of MTX intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mohty
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Department, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France
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28
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Wynen LP, Goldsworthy SD, Guinet C, Bester MN, Boyd IL, Gjertz I, Hofmeyr GJ, White RW, Slade R. Postsealing genetic variation and population structure of two species of fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella and A. tropicalis). Mol Ecol 2000; 9:299-314. [PMID: 10736028 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00856.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Commercial sealing in the 18th and 19th centuries had a major impact on the Antarctic and subantarctic fur seal populations (Arctocephalus gazella and A. tropicalis) in the Southern Ocean. The intensive and unrestricted nature of the industry ensured substantial reductions in population sizes and resulted in both species becoming locally extinct at some sites. However, both species are continuing to recover, through the recolonization of islands across their former range and increasing population size. This study investigated the extent and pattern of genetic variation in each species to examine the hypothesis that higher levels of historic sealing in A. gazella have resulted in a greater loss of genetic variability and population structure compared with A. tropicalis. A 316-bp section of the mitochondrial control region was sequenced and revealed nucleotide diversities of 3.2% and 4.8% for A. gazella and A. tropicalis, respectively. There was no geographical distribution of lineages observed within either species, although the respective PhiST values of 0.074 and 0.19 were significantly greater than zero. These data indicate low levels of population structure in A. gazella and relatively high levels in A. tropicalis. Additional samples screened with restriction endonucleases were incorporated, and the distribution of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequence haplotypes were examined to identify the main source populations of newly recolonized islands. For A. tropicalis, the data suggest that Macquarie Island and Iles Crozet were probably recolonized by females from Marion Island, and to a lesser extent Ile Amsterdam. Although there was less population structure within A. gazella, there were two geographical regions identified: a western region containing the populations of South Georgia and Bouvetoya, which were the probable sources for populations at Marion, the South Shetland and Heard Islands; and an eastern region containing the panmictic populations of Iles Kerguelen and Macquarie Island. The latter region may be a result of a pronounced founder effect, or represent a remnant population that survived sealing at Iles Kerguelen.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Wynen
- School of Zoology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
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29
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Mugel T, Ghossain MA, Guinet C, Buy J, Bethoux J, Texier P, Vadrot D. MR and CT findings in a case of hibernoma of the thigh extending into the pelvis. Eur Radiol 1998; 8:476-8. [PMID: 9510590 DOI: 10.1007/s003300050419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Review of the literature shows no report of hibernoma of the thigh extending into the pelvis. Herein we report a case of hibernoma which appeared on CT and MR as a well-defined pelvic mass with contrast enhancement extending through the obturator foramen into the thigh. Fat was demonstrated by CT, whereas MR, using multiplanar sections, better analyzes the extension of the mass. This case demonstrates that hibernoma as liposarcoma can extend through the obturator foramen. However, no definite diagnosis could be made by CT or MR and the tumor must be considered as a "potential" malignant liposarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mugel
- Department of Radiology, Hôtel-Dieu de Paris, Cedex 04, France
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30
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To correlate CT and MR patterns of ovarian mature cystic teratomas (MCT). SUBJECTS AND METHODS CT and MR findings in 25 histologically proven ovarian MCT were retrospectively reviewed. MCT characterization at CT and MR was based on detection of fat and/or a Rokitansky protuberance. MR signal intensity and CT density numbers of fat were correlated. RESULTS At pathology, 24/25 tumors contained fat, 1/25 a water content, and 23/25 a Rokitansky protuberance. Twenty one MCT contained fat with a density number less than-20 HU (mean density: -95 HU) and a signal intensity superior or equal to sub-cutaneous fat on T1 images, however, only six of these had a signal intensity equal to sub-cutaneous fat on T1 and T2 images and 12 had a reversed chemical shift artifact. Three contained fat with a density number ranging from -13 to +8 HU and a signal intensity inferior to subcutaneous fat on T1 images. CT showed a Rokitansky protuberance in 21/23, containing adipose tissue in 16 and calcified structures in 21. Standard MR showed a Rokitansky protuberance in 14/23 and characterized adipose tissue in eight cases, and calcified material in six cases. Finally, CT characterized 24/25 (96%) MCT. Standard MR characterized 22/25 (88%) MCT, and standard MR with fat-suppression sequences characterized 23/25 (92%) MCT. CONCLUSION Standard MR is less effective than CT in characterizing fat and has the same difficulty as CT in characterizing fat mixed with hair when its density is high. When fat cannot be identified by either technique, diagnosis of a Rokitansky protuberance is more easily made at CT than at MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Guinet
- Department of Radiology, Hôtel-Dieu de Paris, France
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31
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Ghossain MA, Buy JN, Bazot M, Haddad S, Guinet C, Malbec L, Hugol D, Truc JB, Poitout P, Vadrot D. CT in adnexal torsion with emphasis on tubal findings: correlation with US. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1994; 18:619-25. [PMID: 8040449 DOI: 10.1097/00004728-199407000-00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our goal was to determine the CT and US aspects of the fallopian tube in adnexal torsion. MATERIALS AND METHODS The CT scans and US studies of 10 patients with surgically proven unilateral torsion of the adnexa were reviewed. RESULTS On CT the fallopian tube on the involved side was identified in eight cases as an almost tubular or comma-shaped structure extending from the uterine cornua and covering partially the adnexal mass. This tube was significantly thickened and measured 20-40 mm. Hemorrhage (density > or = 50 HU on precontrast CT scans) was present in the tube in six patients. A heterogeneous contrast agent uptake was detected in the tube in five patients. An adnexal mass was visualized on the involved side in all patients, with hemorrhage in the mass in four patients. Peritoneal fluid and/or ileus were present in six patients. On US an echogenic structure that corresponded to the enlarged tube visualized on CT was detected in three cases and an adnexal mass in all cases. CONCLUSION Thickening of the fallopian tube with hemorrhage could be detected by CT and is suggestive of torsion especially if associated with an adnexal mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Ghossain
- Department of Radiology, Hôtel Dieu de Paris, France
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32
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Guinet C, Buy JN, Ghossain MA, Malbec L, Hugol D, Truc JB, Poitout P, Vadrot D. Fat suppression techniques in MR imaging of mature ovarian teratomas: comparison with CT. Eur J Radiol 1993; 17:117-21. [PMID: 8223679 DOI: 10.1016/0720-048x(93)90047-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to analyze the ability of MR fat suppression techniques to characterize fat components of ovarian mature cystic teratomas (MCT) shown by CT. SUBJECTS AND METHODS MR images of eight MCTs of the ovary were obtained using standard sequences followed by a SPIR (spectral presaturation with inversion recovery) sequence in six cases and by Dixon sequences in two cases. In all cases correlation with CT and pathologic findings was achieved. RESULTS MR fat suppression sequences showed to be as accurate as CT in detecting fat inside the cystic part of the teratomas (8/8). CONCLUSION MR fat suppression sequences should be performed when presence of fat is suspected on images of ovarian tumors produced by standard MR sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Guinet
- Department of Radiology, Hôtel-Dieu de Paris, France
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33
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Guinet C, Buy JN, Ghossain MA, Mark AS, Jardin M, Fourmestraux J, Dimaria G, Vadrot D. Aortic anastomotic pseudoaneurysms: US, CT, MR, and angiography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1992; 16:182-8. [PMID: 1545014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Correlation of imaging and anatomic findings in seven men with abdominal aortic graft prostheses (four "end-to-end" anastomoses and three "end-to-side" anastomoses) was done to compare the value of different imaging modalities in detecting postoperative complications, especially aortic anastomotic pseudoaneurysms (AAPs). In all cases, angiographic and CT studies were carried out. In six patients ultrasound and MR examinations were also performed. Anatomic verification was obtained by surgery in six patients and autopsy in one case. Five patients had an AAP (four at surgery and one at autopsy), one had a true abdominal aortic aneurysm above the anastomosis, and one a nondetectable abnormality of the aortic suture line. Digital subtraction angiography diagnosed one of five AAPs, missed the true aneurysm in the sixth patient, and was normal in the patient without any aneurysm. Computed tomography correctly diagnosed the five AAPs and the true aneurysm and was normal in the last patient. Ultrasound correctly diagnosed the AAPs in three of four patients, incorrectly diagnosed an AAP in the patient who had the true aneurysm, and was normal in the patient without any aneurysm. Magnetic resonance diagnosed four of four AAPs and the true aneurysm and was normal in the last patient. Computed tomography seems to be the best imaging modality with which to diagnose and evaluate an aortic AAP in patients with aortoiliofemoral graft prosthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Guinet
- Department of Radiology, Hôtel Dieu de Paris, France
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34
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Buy JN, Ghossain MA, Sciot C, Bazot M, Guinet C, Prévot S, Hugol D, Laromiguiere M, Truc JB, Poitout P. Epithelial tumors of the ovary: CT findings and correlation with US. Radiology 1991; 178:811-8. [PMID: 1994423 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.178.3.1994423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
One hundred thirty patients with 170 epithelial ovarian tumors were prospectively studied with computed tomography (CT) before surgery. Ultrasound (US) was performed in 108 patients with 138 tumors. At pathologic examination, 78 tumors (46%) were benign, 14 (8%) borderline, and 78 (46%) malignant. CT results were compared with surgical and pathologic findings in all patients. CT enabled detection of 148 of 170 tumors (87%), and US enabled detection of 118 of 138 tumors (86%). Benign serous cystadenomas (n = 42) were correctly characterized with a sensitivity of 69% at CT and 70% at US. Benign mucinous cystadenomas (n = 21) were correctly characterized with a sensitivity of 62% at CT and 50% at US. Malignancy was suggested in nine of 14 patients (64%) with borderline tumors at CT and in five of 14 (36%) at US. The overall accuracy of characterization of benign versus malignant tumors (including borderline tumors) was 94% with CT and 80% with US. In the 108 patients studied with both CT and US, the sensitivity of CT was significantly superior to that of US (P less than .03), whereas there was no significant difference in specificity (P = .125).
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Buy
- Department of Radiology, Hôtel Dieu de Paris, France
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36
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Guinet C, Ghossain M, Buy JN, Sézeur A, Mallet A, Bigot JM, Malbec L, Vadrot D, Ecoiffier J. [Comparative study of MRI and x-ray computed tomography in the preoperative evaluation of rectal carcinoma]. J Radiol 1990; 71:357-63. [PMID: 2213699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-one patients with middle and low rectal carcinomas have been operated by abdominoperineal resection (APR) in 11 patients, and low anterior resection (LAR) with coloanal anastomosis in 7 and colorectal anastomosis in 3. The distance of the lower margin of the tumor to insertion of the levator ani on the rectal wall was correctly evaluated by CT in 15 of 21 cases (71%) and by MR in 14 of 21 (67%) while digital examination correctly assessed the distance in 17 of 21 (81%). CT and MR were unable to assess extension through the rectal wall. No significant discordance was observed between CT and MR in assessing extension to the perivesical fat, adjacent organs, pelvic side wall or lymphnodes. According to the TNM classification, MR correctly staged 76% (16 of 21) of patients while CT correctly staged 71% (15 of 21).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Guinet
- Service de Radiologie, Hôtel-Dieu de Paris
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37
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Davy-Miallou C, Guinet C, Bellin MF, Curet P, Grellet J. [MRI of the normal portal system: the artefacts. Apropos of 45 cases]. J Radiol 1990; 71:339-43. [PMID: 2213696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The protal system of 45 normal patients have been retrospectively studied on spin echo MRI sequences (interleaved cuts): multiple artifacts have been evaluated and 24% of them were visualized at the portal system level. Thus, partial volume effect responsible for almost 25% of the artifacts is not always easily seen on a single sequence. Respiratory and aortic artifacts can deteriorate the visualization of the vascular lumen but cannot be confused with a thrombosis. Well-known artifacts, as slice entry phenomenon and even echo rephasing, represent more than 60% of the artifacts: they are readily recognized when they are typical and indicate flowing blood. On the contrary, an other artifact, representing less than 5% of the total and seen at the level of the left portal vein, simulates a thrombus, on T2 weighed images. We conclude that the frequency and polymorphism of the artifacts are limiting factors of MRI value in the diagnosis of portal vein thrombosis.
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38
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Guinet C, Buy JN, Ghossain MA, Sézeur A, Mallet A, Bigot JM, Vadrot D, Ecoiffier J. Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in the preoperative staging of rectal cancer. Arch Surg 1990; 125:385-8. [PMID: 2306185 DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.1990.01410150107019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nineteen patients with middle and lower rectal carcinomas were operated on, with abdominoperineal resection in 10 patients, lower anterior resection with coloanal anastomosis in 6 patients, and colorectal anastomosis in 3 patients. The distance of the lower margin of the tumor to insertion of the levator ani on the rectal wall was correctly evaluated by computed tomography in 12 (63%) of 19 patients and by magnetic resonance imaging in 13 (68%) of 19 patients, while digital examination correctly assessed the distance in 15 (79%) of 19 patients. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were unable to assess extension through the rectal wall. No significant difference was observed between computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in assessing extension to the perivesical fat, adjacent organs, pelvic side wall, or lymph nodes. According to the TNM classification, magnetic resonance imaging correctly staged 74% (14/19) of carcinomas, while computed tomography correctly staged 68% (13/19).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Guinet
- Department of Radiology, Hôtel-Dieu de Paris, France
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39
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Davy-Miallou C, Bousquet JC, Bellin MF, Guinet C, Grellet J. [False image of portal thrombosis in MRI: pitfalls in portal hypertension. Apropos of Budd-Chiari syndrome]. J Radiol 1990; 71:27-31. [PMID: 2179537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This observation illustrates how difficult it is to interpret the intravascular signal observed with MRI in cases of portal hypertension. A signal occupying the entire lumen of the portal trunk and branches can be seen, which is constantly observed in the axial as well as coronal planes in the 3 series studied. It is hypointense relative to the liver on T1-weighted images, hyperintense on T2-weighted images: this appearance therefore perfectly mimicks portal thrombosis. Ultrasound combined with pulsed Doppler demonstrates the stagnant blood within the patent portal system. This kind of artifact, which is produced by a very slow flow or even by the standstill of flow, is much more difficult to recognize than the common flow artifacts; the criteria put forward by various authors to distinguish between artifacts and thrombosis are of no avail in this case. Examinations must able to confirm or rule out portal thrombosis in the case of portal hypertension with deceleration of flow. In practice, ultrasound studies, combined with pulsed Doppler in the best cases, is therefore indicated as a first-intension technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Davy-Miallou
- Service de Radiologie Centrale, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris
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Buy JN, Malbec L, Ghossain MA, Guinet C, Ecoiffier J. Magnetic resonance imaging of pseudomyxoma peritonei. Eur J Radiol 1989; 9:115-8. [PMID: 2663488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
MRI findings in three cases of pseudomyxoma peritonei, in two cases associated with visceral invasion, are described. MR imaging using the same morphologic criteria as described in ultrasonography and CT suggested the diagnosis in all three cases. In T 1 weighted images (SE 400/28 ms) the hypointensity of signals of both implants and mucoid ascites was found to approach that of muscle tissue. In T 2 weighted images (SE 1600/40, 80, 120 ms), however, there was general hyperintensity of signals, which was more pronounced in mucoid ascites than in implants, and which approached signal intensities of water. Invasion of the viscera was very well depicted in all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Buy
- Department of Radiology, Hôtel Dieu de Paris
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41
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Buy JN, Ghossain M, Guinet C, Richard F, Doucet M, Bigot JM, Vadrot D, Laval-Jeantet M, Ecoiffier J. [Contribution of MRI in the staging of cancer of the bladder. Apropos of 40 cases]. J Radiol 1989; 70:85-94. [PMID: 2654385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
56 patients with bladder carcinoma were examined by magnetic resonance in the pre-operative staging. In 40 patients where total cystectomy with enterocystoplasty and pelvic node dissection were performed, a good correlation with surgical and pathologic findings was obtained. MR examination using T1 (TR 400 ms, TE 28 ms) and T2 (TR 1,200-1,600 ms, TE 40 80 120 ms) weighted images in different planes where performed after biopsy of the bladder tumor through endoscopy and within 1 or 2 weeks before surgery. Neoplasms were characterized by site, size and growth pattern. Extension through the deep muscle of the bladder wall was correctly identified in 95% with a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 95%. Extension through perivesical fat was assessed accurately in 85% with a sensitivity of 66% and a specificity of 100%. Accuracy in evaluating invasion of adjacent organs was 85%, sensitivity 44%, specificity 96%. Lymphadenopathy has been accurately assessed in 97.5% with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 100%. MR correctly staged the tumor according to TNM classification in 24/40 (60%) patients, overestimated the extension in 3/40 (7.5%) and underestimated the extension in 13/40 (32.5%).
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Buy
- Hôtel-Dieu de Paris, Service de Radiologie
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42
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Abstract
Forty patients with bladder carcinoma were examined preoperatively by means of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. In all patients, total cystectomy with enterocystoplasty and pelvic node dissection was performed. The surgical and pathologic findings were correlated with the MR findings. Extension through the deep muscle of the bladder wall was present in 20 of the 40 patients and was diagnosed with a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 95%. Extension to perivesical fat was present in 18 of 40 patients and was diagnosed with a sensitivity of 66% and a specificity of 100%. Invasion of the adjacent organs was present in nine of 40 patients and was diagnosed with a sensitivity of 44% and a specificity of 96%. On the basis of the MR findings, the tumor was correctly staged, according to the TNM classification, in 24 of 40 (60%) patients, tumor extension was overestimated in three of 40 (7.5%) patients, and tumor extension was underestimated in 13 of 40 (32.5%) patients. MR imaging has been shown to be accurate in identification of macroscopic lymph node involvement and deep muscle involvement. It appears to be at least as useful as computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of perivesical fat involvement and to be superior to CT in the detection of invasion of adjacent organs. One limitation of MR imaging is in the evaluation of tumor extension into the periurethral glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Buy
- Department of Radiology, Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France
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Abstract
A retrospective review of the dynamic computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound scans from examinations of 134 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma was undertaken with emphasis on evaluation of hepatic vein involvement. Hepatic veins were involved in 8 patients (5.9%). Portal vein obstruction was associated in 7 of these cases. Sonography demonstrated hepatic vein involvement in 6 cases was considered within normal limits in 1 and failed to display hepatic veins in another. Dynamic CT was superior in depicting venous obstruction in all the cases by different signs including (a) hypodensity and enlargement of the vessel, (b) perivenous arterial hypervascularization surrounding the hypodense intraluminal region, and (c) hemokinetic changes in relation to the outflow obstruction. The frequency and significance of these CT signs are discussed and correlated in 2 patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mathieu
- Department of Radiology, CHU Henri Mondor, Creteil, France
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44
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Guinet C, Buy JN. [Magnetic resonance imaging of cancer of the rectum]. Ann Gastroenterol Hepatol (Paris) 1988; 24:159-64. [PMID: 3048195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) has become a major diagnostic method, in many fields. Its results, in the pre-operative evaluation of rectal cancers, are presented here. The possibilities of determining by MRI, parietal extension, peri-rectal fat invasion, extension to adjoining organs and nodes, are specified. Then, the contribution of MRI to the measurement of the distance between the lower pole of the tumor and the levator muscles plane, is evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Guinet
- Service de Radiologie, Hôtel-Dieu de Paris
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45
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Meary E, Buy JN, Bazot M, Malbec L, Vadrot D, Ecoiffier J, Guinet C. [Castleman's disease. X-ray computed tomographic aspect. Apropos of 2 mediastinal forms and a multicentric form]. J Radiol 1988; 69:323-7. [PMID: 3042996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A multicentric form of Castleman's disease is described, this being a rare affection for which CT image characteristics have not, to our knowledge, been reported. Two cases of localized and one case of multicentric Castleman's disease are reported, and differential characters of these two forms with common histology: angio-follicular lymphoid hyperplasia, outlined. The localized form is found mainly in the mediastinum in young patients and follows a favorable course with recovery after exeresis. The diffuse form develops in later life and presents with severe systemic signs and a marked biological inflammatory syndrome Glands and viscera are affected and its course is grave, with mostly fatal relapses. Angiography suggests diagnosis when images show hypervascular lesions in lymph glands. CT scan imaging with contrast is very suggestive when glandular lesions are present that take up contrast strongly. This appearance should always raise the possibility of Castleman's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Meary
- Hôtel-Dieu de Paris, Service de Radiologie
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46
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Guinet C, Buy JN, Sezeur A, Mosnier H, Ghossain M, Malafosse M, Guivarc'h M, Vadrot D, Ecoiffier J. Preoperative assessment of the extension of rectal carcinoma: correlation of MR, surgical, and histopathologic findings. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1988; 12:209-14. [PMID: 3351032 DOI: 10.1097/00004728-198803000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nineteen patients with rectal carcinoma were evaluated prospectively. The extent of tumor and the relationship of the tumor to the levator ani muscle were studied as this determines the choice of the surgical procedure (abdominoperineal resection versus low anterior resection). Peroperative assessment and detailed evaluation of the pathologic specimens were correlated with magnetic resonance (MR) features. Magnetic resonance staging and surgical findings were at variance in four of 15 cases (27%). Magnetic resonance had sensitivities and specificities of 75 and 100% in the detection of perirectal growth. Magnetic resonance demonstrated invasion of adjacent pelvic side wall and sacrum in two of two cases. The comparison with TNM classification demonstrated that MR correctly staged 15 of 19 cases (79%). This study shows that MR is a good examination to evaluate the involvement of perirectal fatty tissues and adjacent structures. The low prevalence of involved lymph nodes in our cases prevents significant positive predictive values. Nevertheless, MR can help to select patients for local excision or for preoperative radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Guinet
- Service de Radiologie, Hotel Dieu de Paris, France
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Guinet C, Mathieu D, Métreau JM, Dhumeaux D, Vasile N. Unusual hepatic venous drainage in inferior vena cava obstruction: demonstration by MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1986; 147:635-6. [PMID: 3488666 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.147.3.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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48
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Arrivé L, Guinet C, Buy JN, Malbec L, Vadrot D, Laval-Jeantet M. [Magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis. Methodological aspects]. J Radiol 1985; 66:763-9. [PMID: 3831352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiparametric choice is needed in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). In addition to matrix definition, section thickness, accumulation number, the repetition time TR, the echo time TE (for the spin echo technique) and the plane selection are of great importance. In pelvic examination, information supplied by T1 and by T2 weighted images is complementary. So, comparison between the three dimensional sections is of great interest. Although long acquisition times could, in theory, provide better images and therefore more clinical information, the patient comfort must be considered in choosing a reasonable examination time. We believe that it is possible, without great loss of information, not to make inversion recovery sequences. Using a 0.5 T superconducting magnet, sequences were done with TR of 1,200 ms for T2 weighted images and two echoes with TE of 40 or 50 ms. Twice repeated sequences (for averaging purpose) and 256(2) matrix (with a 42 cm field diameter) seem to be well adapted to MRI clinical applications.
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Arrivé L, Guinet C, Buy JN, Malbec L, Vadrot D, Laval-Jeantet M. [Magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvic area. Preliminary results]. J Radiol 1985; 66:771-7. [PMID: 3913766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is chiefly characterized by its natural contrast and by its capability of producing images in the three spatial directions. Although nearly all pathological tumors have prolonged T1 and T2 relaxation times and therefore it seems to be difficult to distinguish them one from another, significant pathological particularities can be obtained by comparing T1 and T2 weighted images. MRI is of particular interest to provide morphologic data and to demonstrate the relationship of tumors to vascular axes. Furthermore information in three dimensions (scans along transaxial, sagittal and coronal planes) is compared to produce a detailed morphological analysis of the tumor and of the adjacent structures. 0,5 T imaging was performed in 25 patients with pathologic pelvis and in 5 normal volunteers.
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50
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Ecoiffier J, Tonnelier M, Guinet C, Baudron J, René E, Zabiolle L, Quemeneur P. [Digital radiography in general radiodiagnostic (author's transl)]. Ann Radiol (Paris) 1981; 24:561-71. [PMID: 7305249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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