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Lee J, Zhao T, Yang S, Muduli M, Murray CB, Kagan CR. One-pot heat-up synthesis of short-wavelength infrared, colloidal InAs quantum dots. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:071103. [PMID: 38380752 DOI: 10.1063/5.0187162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
III-V colloidal quantum dots (QDs) promise Pb and Hg-free QD compositions with which to build short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) optoelectronic devices. However, their synthesis is limited by the availability of group-V precursors with controllable reactivities to prepare monodisperse, SWIR-absorbing III-V QDs. Here, we report a one-pot heat-up method to synthesize ∼8 nm edge length (∼6.5 nm in height) tetrahedral, SWIR-absorbing InAs QDs by increasing the [In3+]:[As3+] ratio introduced using commercially available InCl3 and AsCl3 precursors and by decreasing the concentration and optimizing the volume of the reducing reagent superhydride to control the concentration of In(0) and As(0) intermediates through QD nucleation and growth. InAs QDs are treated with NOBF4, and their deposited films are exchanged with Na2S to yield n-type InAs QD films. We realize the only colloidal InAs QD photoconductors with responsivity at the technologically important wavelength of 1.55 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - T Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - S Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - M Muduli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - C B Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - C R Kagan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Leake HB, Moseley GL, Murphy LK, Murray CB, Palermo TM, Heathcote LC. How does pain work? A qualitative analysis of how young adults with chronic pain conceptualize the biology of pain. Eur J Pain 2023; 27:424-437. [PMID: 36527324 PMCID: PMC10947129 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.2069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain science education (PSE) is commonly integrated into treatments for childhood-onset chronic pain. A core component of PSE is learning about, and often reconceptualizing, the biology of chronic pain. Yet, few interventions have been developed specifically for young adults and little is known about how young adults conceptualize the biology of pain. This study used a qualitative methodology to examine how young adults with childhood-onset chronic pain understand the biology of pain, and the language they use in this meaning-making process, which may inform future interventions tailored to this age group. METHODS We identified a cohort of young adults with childhood onset chronic pain, and a subset of 17 young adults with continuing chronic pain completed individual, semi-structured interviews. Telephone interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS We generated four themes that capture participants' conceptualizations of the biology of pain: (1) Something is wrong with the body, (2) An injury has not healed, (3) Nerves fire when they should not, (4) An overactive stress system. CONCLUSION These conceptualizations, and the language used by young adults with childhood-onset chronic pain to describe them are discussed. Recommendations are provided for how PSE interventions can be tailored for young adults. SIGNIFICANCE This study provides new qualitative insights reflecting a variety of ways that young adults with childhood-onset chronic pain conceptualize pain. Some conceptualizations of pain align with modern pain science principles (altered function of nervous and endocrine systems) while others conflict (unhealed injury). Health professionals can use these findings to tailor their pain education interventions by leveraging concepts that 'stick' for youth, being aware of, and interrogating, common misconceptions, and offering language and metaphors familiar to youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley B. Leake
- IIMPACT in HealthUniversity of South Australia, Kaurna CountryAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Centre for IMPACTNeuroscience Research AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - G. Lorimer Moseley
- IIMPACT in HealthUniversity of South Australia, Kaurna CountryAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Lexa K. Murphy
- Department of PsychologySeattle UniversitySeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Caitlin B. Murray
- Center for Child Health, Behavior & DevelopmentSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Tonya M. Palermo
- Center for Child Health, Behavior & DevelopmentSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Lauren C. Heathcote
- Health Psychology Section, Department of PsychologyInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
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Wan Tham S, Murray CB, Law EF, Slack KE, Palermo TM. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pain and psychological functioning in young adults with chronic pain. Pain 2022; 163:e1095-e1101. [PMID: 35413028 PMCID: PMC9470785 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Data are equivocal on the consequences of COVID-19 pandemic on pain and well-being for individuals with chronic pain. Furthermore, little is known regarding its impact on the health of young adults with chronic pain. We conducted a longitudinal study to compare pain, psychological functioning, and substance use before and during the pandemic of 196 young adults with chronic pain. Participants aged 18 to 24 years (M = 21.1 years; 79.6% females) reported on pain, anxiety, depression, and substance use before (October 2018-August 2019) and during the pandemic (October 2020-November 2020), in addition to the assessment of COVID-19 exposure and its impact. Before the pandemic, young adults experienced mild-to-moderate pain intensity (M = 3.75, SD = 2.33) and pain interference (M = 3.44, SD = 2.69). Findings were that pain intensity, pain interference, and depression symptoms remained stable during the pandemic. In contrast, anxiety symptoms increased significantly (M = 8.21, SD = 5.84 vs M = 8.89, SD = 5.95, P = 0.04). Tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use were unchanged. Mixed linear models revealed that COVID-19 exposure and impact were not associated with changes in pain intensity or interference, with female sex associated with increased pain intensity (β = 0.86, P = 0.02) and pain interference (β = 0.87, P = 0.02). Our findings indicated relative stability of pain symptoms experienced by young adults with chronic pain. However, the increases in anxiety highlight the need to facilitate treatment access for mental health services to mitigate downstream impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- See Wan Tham
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Caitlin B. Murray
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Emily F. Law
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Katherine E. Slack
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Tonya M. Palermo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States
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Murray CB, Murphy LK, Jordan A, Owens MT, McLeod D, Palermo TM. Healthcare Transition Among Young Adults With Childhood-Onset Chronic Pain: A Mixed Methods Study and Proposed Framework. J Pain 2022; 23:1358-1370. [PMID: 35301116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain extends from childhood to adulthood for many young people. The transition from pediatric to adult care is a critical, yet understudied, healthcare task facing young adults with chronic pain. The aims of this observational, sequential mixed methods study were to 1) document the healthcare transition status of young adults with chronic pain (Stage 1, quantitative aim), 2) examine young adults' perspectives of barriers and facilitators of healthcare transition (Stage 2, qualitative aim), and 3) integrate findings to construct a theoretical framework of healthcare transition. A cohort was identified with childhood chronic pain and prior care in one of 15 multidisciplinary pediatric pain clinics across the United States and Canada. Approximately 6 years later, 189 young adults (M age = 21.0; age range = 18-24; 81.5% female) from this cohort with continuing chronic pain completed surveys for Stage 1, and a subsample (n = 17) completed qualitative interviews for Stage 2. Quantitative findings demonstrated that young adults may experience lapses in care, with 41.8% indicating they had not transitioned to adult pain services. Qualitative analysis revealed young adults experienced significant barriers (eg, abrupt departure from pediatric care) as well as facilitators (eg, acceptance of pain prognosis) of healthcare transition. Quantitative and qualitative findings were integrated to construct a healthcare transition framework for chronic pain, which highlights transition as a complex process involving multiple pathways, outcomes, and stakeholders. Advancements in research and practice are needed to develop transition services to bridge gaps in care and optimize health outcomes for young people with chronic pain. PERSPECTIVE: This mixed-methods study demonstrated that 41.8% of young adults with chronic pain experience lapses in adult-centered pain care and identified key barriers and facilitators to successful healthcare transition. Findings were integrated to construct the first healthcare transition framework for youth with chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin B Murray
- Center for Child Health, Behavior & Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
| | - Lexa K Murphy
- Center for Child Health, Behavior & Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Abbie Jordan
- Department of Psychology & Centre for Pain Research, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Michele Tsai Owens
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Dorothy McLeod
- Center for Child Health, Behavior & Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Tonya M Palermo
- Center for Child Health, Behavior & Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Abstract
This cross-sectional study estimates the prevalence of opioid and nonopioid pain management techniques used by US adults with chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius B. Groenewald
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Caitlin B. Murray
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Marco Battaglia
- Department of Psychiatry, the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Child, Youth, and Emerging Adults Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Patrick D. Quinn
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington
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6
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Murray CB, Bartlett A, Meyyappan A, Palermo TM, Aaron R, Rabbitts J. A pilot feasibility and acceptability study of an internet-delivered psychosocial intervention to reduce postoperative pain in adolescents undergoing spinal fusion. Can J Pain 2021; 6:12-23. [PMID: 35434455 PMCID: PMC9009921 DOI: 10.1080/24740527.2021.2009334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal fusion surgery is a common and painful musculoskeletal surgery performed in the adolescent population. Despite the known risk for developing chronic postsurgical pain, few perioperative psychosocial interventions have been evaluated in this population, and none have been delivered remotely (via the Internet) to improve accessibility. Aims The aim of this single-arm pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the first Internet-based psychological intervention delivered during the perioperative period to adolescents undergoing major spinal fusion surgery and their parents. Methods Thirteen adolescents (M age = 14.3; 69.2% female) scheduled for spine fusion surgery and their parents were provided access to the online psychosocial intervention program. The program included six lessons delivering cognitive-behavioral therapy skills targeting anxiety, sleep, and acute pain management during the month prior to and the month following surgery. Feasibility indicators included recruitment rate, intervention engagement, and measure completion. Acceptability was assessed via quantitative ratings and qualitative interviews. Results Our recruitment rate was 81.2% of families approached for screening. Among participating adolescent–parent dyads, high levels of engagement were demonstrated (100% completed all six lessons). All participants completed outcome measures. High treatment acceptability was demonstrated via survey ratings and qualitative feedback, with families highlighting numerous strengths of the program as well as areas for improvement. Conclusions These findings suggest that this online psychosocial intervention delivered during the perioperative period is feasible and acceptable to adolescents and their parents. Given favorable feasibility outcomes, an important next step is to evaluate the intervention in a full-scale randomized controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin B. Murray
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anthea Bartlett
- School of Social and Political Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Tonya M. Palermo
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rachel Aaron
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Rabbitts
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research
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7
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Rabbitts JA, Zhou C, de la Vega R, Aalfs H, Murray CB, Palermo TM. Correction to: A digital health peri-operative cognitive-behavioral intervention to prevent transition from acute to chronic postsurgical pain in adolescents undergoing spinal fusion (SurgeryPal TM): study protocol for a multisite randomized controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:646. [PMID: 34548100 PMCID: PMC8454081 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05596-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Rabbitts
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research (CCTR), Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way NE MB.11.500.3, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA. .,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Chuan Zhou
- Center for Child Health Behavior and Development (CHBD), Seattle Children's Hospital, 1920 Terry Avenue, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Rocio de la Vega
- Department of Psychology, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Homer Aalfs
- Center for Child Health Behavior and Development (CHBD), Seattle Children's Hospital, 1920 Terry Avenue, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Caitlin B Murray
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Center for Child Health Behavior and Development (CHBD), Seattle Children's Hospital, 1920 Terry Avenue, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tonya M Palermo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Center for Child Health Behavior and Development (CHBD), Seattle Children's Hospital, 1920 Terry Avenue, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
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8
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Rabbitts JA, Zhou C, de la Vega R, Aalfs H, Murray CB, Palermo TM. A digital health peri-operative cognitive-behavioral intervention to prevent transition from acute to chronic postsurgical pain in adolescents undergoing spinal fusion (SurgeryPal TM): study protocol for a multisite randomized controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:506. [PMID: 34330321 PMCID: PMC8325315 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05421-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal fusion surgery is associated with severe acute postsurgical pain and high rates of chronic postsurgical pain in adolescents. Psychological distress, sleep disturbance, and low pain self-efficacy predict higher acute pain and likelihood of developing chronic postsurgical pain. Interventions targeting baseline psychosocial risk factors have potential to interrupt a negative trajectory of continued pain and poor health-related quality of life (HRQL) over time but have not yet been developed and evaluated. This randomized controlled trial will test effectiveness of a digital peri-operative cognitive-behavioral intervention (SurgeryPalTM) vs. education-control delivered to adolescents and their parents to improve acute and chronic pain and health outcomes in adolescents undergoing spine surgery. METHODS Adolescents 12-18 years of age undergoing spinal fusion for idiopathic conditions, and their parent, will be recruited from pediatric centers across the USA, for a target complete sample of 400 dyads. Adolescents will be randomized into 4 study arms using a factorial design to SurgeryPalTM or education control during 2 phases of treatment: (1) pre-operative phase (one-month before surgery) and (2) post-operative phase (1 month after surgery). Acute pain severity and interference (primary acute outcomes) and opioid use will be assessed daily for 14 days following hospital discharge. Chronic pain severity and interference (primary acute outcomes), as well as HRQL, parent and adolescent distress, sleep quality, and opioid use/misuse (secondary outcomes), will be assessed at 3 months and 6 months post-surgery. DISCUSSION Demonstration of effectiveness and understanding optimal timing of perioperative intervention will enable implementation of this scalable psychosocial intervention into perioperative care. Ultimately, the goal is to improve pain outcomes and reduce reliance on opioids in adolescents after spine surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04637802 ClinicalTrials.gov. Registered on November 20, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Rabbitts
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research (CCTR), Seattle Children’s Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way NE MB.11.500.3, Seattle, WA 98105 USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Chuan Zhou
- Center for Child Health Behavior and Development (CHBD), Seattle Children’s Hospital, 1920 Terry Avenue, Seattle, WA USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA
| | - Rocio de la Vega
- Department of Psychology, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Homer Aalfs
- Center for Child Health Behavior and Development (CHBD), Seattle Children’s Hospital, 1920 Terry Avenue, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Caitlin B. Murray
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Center for Child Health Behavior and Development (CHBD), Seattle Children’s Hospital, 1920 Terry Avenue, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Tonya M. Palermo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Center for Child Health Behavior and Development (CHBD), Seattle Children’s Hospital, 1920 Terry Avenue, Seattle, WA USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA
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Murray CB, Patel KV, Twiddy H, Sturgeon JA, Palermo TM. Age differences in cognitive-affective processes in adults with chronic pain. Eur J Pain 2021; 25:1041-1052. [PMID: 33405280 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain is associated with significant physical and psychological impairments across the adult lifespan. However, there is a relative gap in knowledge on individual differences that predict pain-related functioning. The current study highlights one important source of individual variation: age. METHODS We used cross-sectional data from a large treatment-seeking cohort of 2,905 adults (M age = 46.6 [13.1]; 71.8% women) presenting to a tertiary pain centre in the United Kingdom to determine age differences in cognitive-affective processes (catastrophizing, acceptance, self-efficacy), including their differential patterns and effects on disability and depression. RESULTS Older adults (ages 65-75) were found to experience higher pain acceptance and pain self-efficacy compared to both middle-aged (ages 40-64) and young adult (ages 18-39) age groups. Older adults also experienced lower levels of catasophizing compared to middle-age adults. Testing age as a moderator, we found that the relationships of pain self-efficacy and acceptance with depression as well as the relationship between pain self-efficacy and disability were comparatively weakest among older adults and strongest among young adults. Similarly, the relationship between pain catastrophizing and depression was relatively stronger for young and middle-aged adults compared to older adults. CONCLUSIONS Age-related differences in psychological mechanisms that influence pain-related functioning present unique challenges and opportunities for scientists and clinicians to improve our understanding and treatment of pain across the lifespan. Additional work is needed to refine our knowledge of age-related differences in cognitive-affective, biopsychosocial dimensions of chronic pain and to develop and test the efficacy of age-tailored interventions. SIGNIFICANCE Our cross-sectional analysis of 2,905 treatment-seeking adults with chronic pain presenting to a tertiary care center in the United Kingdom revealed distinct age differences in cognitive-affective linked to disability and depression. This study contributes to the limited knowledge on age-related variance in psychological mechanisms underlying adjustment to chronic pain. Promising avenues for future research include refining our understanding of age-related differences in cognitive-affective, biopsychosocial dimensions of chronic pain and elucidating the most salient treatment targets among different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin B Murray
- Center for Child Health, Behavior & Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kushang V Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hanah Twiddy
- Pain Management Programme, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - John A Sturgeon
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tonya M Palermo
- Center for Child Health, Behavior & Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Ohanian DM, Murray CB, Shirkey KC, Wartman EC, Winning AM, Stiles-Shields C, Ramirez SB, Holmbeck GN. Longitudinal Associations Between Pain and Psychosocial Adjustment in Youth With Spina Bifida. J Pediatr Psychol 2020; 45:673-684. [PMID: 32483627 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined: (a) the nature and prevalence of pain in youth with spina bifida (SB) (b) common coping responses to pain, and (c) longitudinal, bi-directional associations between internalizing symptoms and pain characteristics. METHODS Data were collected from youth (N = 140, 53.6% female, ages 8-15 at Time 1) and their parents and teachers at two time points spaced 2 years apart. Youth reported on several pain characteristics and coping responses. Multiple informants reported on child internalizing symptoms. Evaluation of Aims 1-3 was based on descriptive analyses, bivariate correlations, and linear and logistic regressions. RESULTS About 25% of the sample reported chronic pain (e.g., experiencing pain one or more times per week over the past 3 months) at Time 1 or 2, with roughly one-third of this chronic pain subsample reporting chronic pain both time points. Pain was usually rated as mild in intensity for the full sample and most commonly experienced in the head, abdomen, and back, and described as "aching." Youth with chronic pain reported significantly higher pain intensity and tended to use condition-specific methods to cope with pain (e.g., taking off braces). In 2 of 10 analyses, internalizing symptoms at Time 1 were associated with chronic pain and pain intensity at Time 2. CONCLUSIONS Roughly one-fourth of youth with SB are at risk for experiencing chronic pain, highlighting the need for increased assessment and treatment of pain in this population. Youth psychological functioning appears to more often precede, rather than being a consequence of pain symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caitlin B Murray
- Center of Child Health, Behavior, & Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute
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11
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Murray CB, Palermo TM, Holmbeck GN. A Multimethod, Case-Controlled Study of Sleep-Wake Disturbances in Adolescents With Spina Bifida. J Pediatr Psychol 2019; 43:601-612. [PMID: 29272431 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsx150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to compare sleep-wake disturbances in adolescents with spina bifida (SB) to typically developing (TD) peers. Exploratory analyses examined sex as moderator of disrupted sleep. Methods Adolescents with SB (ages 12-18 years; N = 37) and a demographically matched sample of TD adolescents (N = 37) completed validated sleep questionnaires and underwent 10 days of actigraphy monitoring. Results Adolescents with SB evidenced worse sleep quality, shorter sleep duration, greater sleep maintenance difficulties, and higher levels of fatigue compared with their TD peers. Exploratory analyses revealed females with SB were particularly vulnerable to developing sleep disturbances. Conclusions Adolescents with SB are at risk for nighttime sleep disturbances and daytime fatigue. Additional research will need to identify mechanisms and adverse consequences of poor sleep to develop interventions addressing sleep deficiency. Sex-specific disparities in sleep patterns in pediatric SB is a novel finding that requires assessment of etiological underpinnings to clarify clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin B Murray
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tonya M Palermo
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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Murray CB, de la Vega R, Loren DM, Palermo TM. Moderators of Internet-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Adolescents With Chronic Pain: Who Benefits From Treatment at Long-Term Follow-Up? J Pain 2019; 21:603-615. [PMID: 31606398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective for pediatric chronic pain, but little is understood about which youth are most likely to benefit. The current study aimed to identify individual characteristics for which CBT yielded the greatest (and least) clinical benefit among adolescents with chronic pain participating in a multicenter randomized controlled trial of Internet-delivered CBT (WebMAP2). A total of 273 adolescents ages 11 to 17 with chronic pain (M age = 14.7; 75.1% female) were randomly assigned to Internet-delivered CBT or Internet-delivered pain education and evaluated at pretreatment, post-treatment, and 2 longer term follow-up periods (6 and 12 months). Multilevel growth models tested several adolescent- and parent-level moderators of change in pain-related disability including 1) adolescent age, sex, pain characteristics, distress, and sleep quality and 2) parent education level, distress, and protective parenting behavior. Younger adolescents (ages 11-14; vs older adolescents ages 15-17) and those whose parents experienced lower levels (vs higher levels) of emotional distress responded better to Internet CBT treatment, showing greater improvements in disability up to 12 months post-treatment. This study expands knowledge on who benefits most from Internet-delivered psychological treatment for youth with chronic pain in the context of a large multicenter randomized controlled trial, suggesting several avenues for maximizing treatment efficacy and durability in this population. PERSPECTIVE: This study identified adolescent- and parent-level predictors of treatment response to Internet-based CBT for pediatric chronic pain up to 12 months later. Younger adolescents and those whose parents had lower levels of distress may particularly benefit from this intervention. Older adolescents and those whose parents exhibit higher distress may require alternative treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dorothy M Loren
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tonya M Palermo
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Murphy LK, Murray CB, Compas BE. Topical Review: Integrating Findings on Direct Observation of Family Communication in Studies Comparing Pediatric Chronic Illness and Typically Developing Samples. J Pediatr Psychol 2018; 42:85-94. [PMID: 28172942 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsw051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To review research on observed family communication in families with children with chronic illnesses compared with families with healthy, typically developing children, and to integrate findings utilizing a unifying family communication framework. Method Topical review of studies that have directly observed family communication in pediatric populations and included a typically developing comparison group. Results Initial findings from 14 studies with diverse approaches to quantifying observed family communication suggest that families with children with chronic illnesses may demonstrate lower levels of warm and structured communication and higher levels of hostile/intrusive and withdrawn communication compared with families with healthy, typically developing children. Conclusion An integrative framework of family communication may be used in future studies that examine the occurrence, correlates, and mechanisms of family communication in pediatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexa K Murphy
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Caitlin B Murray
- Psychology Department, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruce E Compas
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Murray CB, Zebracki K, Chlan KM, Moss AC, Vogel LC. Medical and psychological factors related to pain in adults with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury: a biopsychosocial model. Spinal Cord 2016; 55:405-410. [PMID: 27670804 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2016.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to determine medical and psychological correlates of pain in individuals with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING Shriners Hospitals for Children-Chicago, Philadelphia and Northern California (USA). METHODS A total of 187 adults who had sustained an injury before 19 years of age completed interviews that included medical information, standardized measures of psychological functioning (Beck Anxiety Inventory and Patient Health Questionnaire) and a comprehensive pain questionnaire to assess the location, frequency, intensity and duration of pain and distress and disability related to pain. RESULTS The findings identified the medical and psychological correlates of pain. Greater symptoms of depression and anxiety were strong and consistent predictors of several aspects of pain, above and beyond the impact of gender, injury-related characteristics and secondary medical complications. DISCUSSION The findings support a biopsychosocial model of the development and persistence of pain in individuals with pediatric-onset SCI. Interdisciplinary rehabilitation may incorporate psychological treatment such as cognitive-behavioral therapy to reduce the pain and improve functioning. The assessment and treatment of pain in pediatric-onset SCI is a clinical and research priority. SPONSORSHIP This study is supported by funding from Shriners Hospitals for Children and the Craig H. Neilsen Foundation, grant #324671.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Murray
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K Zebracki
- Department of Psychology, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K M Chlan
- Department of Clinical Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A C Moss
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - L C Vogel
- Department of Pediatrics, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
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Murray CB, Kirsch AC, Palermo TM, Holmbeck GN, Kolbuck V, Psihogios A, Pigott T. Developmental Course and Determinants of Sleep Disturbances in Adolescents With Spina Bifida. J Pediatr Psychol 2016; 41:631-42. [PMID: 27118272 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsw021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine (1) trajectories of sleep disturbances in adolescents with spina bifida (SB) compared with a typically developing (TD) group over a 10-year period and (2) individual, family, and socioeconomic determinants of changes in sleep disturbances. METHODS Participants were 68 families of youth with SB and 68 families of TD youth. Parent-report of adolescent sleep was collected every 2 years at 6 time points (T1: ages 8-9; T6: ages 18-19). Multiple informants and measures were used to examine internalizing, externalizing, and inattention symptoms, dyadic/family conflict, socioeconomic status (SES), and family income. RESULTS Sleep disturbances increased over the 10-year period. Youth with SB had greater sleep disturbances during early adolescence. Greater preadolescent externalizing symptoms, greater parent-child and marital conflict, and lower SES predicted increased sleep disturbances. CONCLUSIONS Sleep disturbances are common and persistent in adolescents with SB. Sleep assessment and management are important clinical and research priorities in this population.
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Lennon JM, Murray CB, Bechtel CF, Holmbeck GN. Resilience and Disruption in Observed Family Interactions in Youth With and Without Spina Bifida: An Eight-Year, Five-Wave Longitudinal Study. J Pediatr Psychol 2015; 40:943-55. [PMID: 25914210 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsv033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine differences between families of youth with spina bifida (SB) and families of typically developing (TD) youth on family-, parent-, and youth-level variables across preadolescence and adolescence. METHODS Participants were 68 families of youth with SB and 68 families of TD youth. Ratings of observed family interactions were collected every 2 years at 5 time points (Time 1: ages 8-9 years; Time 5: ages 16-17 years). RESULTS For families of youth with SB: families displayed less cohesion and more maternal psychological control during preadolescence (ages 8-9 years); parents presented as more united and displayed less dyadic conflict, and youth displayed less conflict behavior during the transition to adolescence (ages 10-13 years); mothers displayed more behavioral control during middle (ages 14-15 years) and late (ages 16-17 years) adolescence; youth displayed less engagement and more dependent behavior at every time point. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight areas of resilience and disruption in families of youth with SB across adolescence.
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Lennon JM, Klages KL, Amaro CM, Murray CB, Holmbeck GN. Longitudinal study of neuropsychological functioning and internalizing symptoms in youth with spina bifida: social competence as a mediator. J Pediatr Psychol 2015; 40:336-48. [PMID: 25244941 PMCID: PMC4366446 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsu075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the longitudinal relationship between neuropsychological functioning and internalizing symptoms, as mediated by social competence in youth with spina bifida (SB). METHODS A total of 111 youth (aged 8-15 years, M = 11.37) with SB, their parents, and teachers completed questionnaires regarding attention, social competence, and internalizing symptoms. Youth also completed a battery of neuropsychological tests. RESULTS An indirect-only mediation model revealed that social competence mediated the relation between neuropsychological functioning and subsequent levels of teacher-reported internalizing symptoms, but not parent or youth report of internalizing symptoms. Specifically, better neuropsychological functioning was associated with better social competence, which, in turn, predicted fewer internalizing symptoms 2 years later. CONCLUSIONS Youth with SB with lower levels of neuropsychological functioning may be at risk for poorer social competence and, as a result, greater internalizing symptoms. Interventions that promote social competence, while being sensitive to cognitive capacities, could potentially alleviate or prevent internalizing symptoms in these youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn M Lennon
- Psychology Department, Loyola University Chicago and Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas
| | - Kimberly L Klages
- Psychology Department, Loyola University Chicago and Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas
| | - Christina M Amaro
- Psychology Department, Loyola University Chicago and Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas
| | - Caitlin B Murray
- Psychology Department, Loyola University Chicago and Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas
| | - Grayson N Holmbeck
- Psychology Department, Loyola University Chicago and Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas
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Murray CB, Holmbeck GN, Ros AM, Flores DM, Mir SA, Varni JW. A longitudinal examination of health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with spina bifida. J Pediatr Psychol 2014; 40:419-30. [PMID: 25434043 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsu098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study examined (1) spina bifida (SB) youths' health-related quality of life (HRQOL) compared with nonclinical and chronic health condition (CHC) samples, (2) parent-child agreement regarding HRQOL, and (3) prospective changes in HRQOL. METHODS Child and parent-proxy reports of Pediatric Quality of Life were collected at two time waves (Time 1: N = 134, ages 8-15 years; Time 2: N = 109, ages 10-17 years) as part of a larger longitudinal study. RESULTS SB youth had statistically and clinically reduced physical HRQOL compared with the nonclinical and CHC samples at both time points. There were significant discrepancies between youth and parent-proxy reports of HRQOL; youth reported higher levels of physical and social HRQOL than parents. The majority of parent- and child-reported HRQOL domains remained stable, yet youth-reported social HRQOL increased over time. CONCLUSIONS Youth with SB are at risk for poor HRQOL. Examining modifiable condition and social-environmental predictors of youth HRQOL will be important in informing future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin B Murray
- Psychology Department, Loyola University Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, and Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University
| | - Grayson N Holmbeck
- Psychology Department, Loyola University Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, and Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University
| | - Anna M Ros
- Psychology Department, Loyola University Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, and Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University
| | - Donna M Flores
- Psychology Department, Loyola University Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, and Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University
| | - Sophie A Mir
- Psychology Department, Loyola University Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, and Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University
| | - James W Varni
- Psychology Department, Loyola University Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, and Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University Psychology Department, Loyola University Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, and Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University
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Essner BS, Murray CB, Holmbeck GN. The influence of condition parameters and internalizing symptoms on social outcomes in youth with spina bifida. J Pediatr Psychol 2014; 39:718-34. [PMID: 24914086 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsu036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test a model of social competence in youth with spina bifida (SB). Involvement in social activities was expected to mediate associations between SB-related condition parameters (pain, body mass index, and motor function) and social competence. Internalizing symptoms were predicted to amplify the negative impact of condition parameters on social activity involvement. METHODS 108 youth with SB, their caregivers, peers, and teachers participated in a multimethod study that included cognitive testing, questionnaires, and observational interaction tasks. RESULTS Social activity involvement partially mediated the relation between pain and lower social competence. Internalizing symptoms had a significant indirect effect on social competence via decreased involvement in social activities. CONCLUSIONS Pain and internalizing symptoms interfere with social activity involvement, which is, in turn, important for social competence development in youth with SB. Assessing and treating these condition parameters and activity factors may be important areas of focus in clinical practice and research with these youth.
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Murray CB, Amaro CM, Devine KA, Psihogios AM, Murphy LK, Holmbeck GN. Observed macro- and micro-level parenting behaviors during preadolescent family interactions as predictors of adjustment in emerging adults with and without spina bifida. J Pediatr Psychol 2014; 40:18-32. [PMID: 24864277 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsu030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine observed autonomy-promoting and -inhibiting parenting behaviors during preadolescence as predictors of adjustment outcomes in emerging adults with and without spina bifida (SB). METHODS Demographic and videotaped interaction data were collected from families with 8/9-year-old children with SB (n = 68) and a matched group of typically developing youth (n = 68). Observed interaction data were coded with macro- and micro-coding schemes. Measures of emerging adulthood adjustment were collected 10 years later (ages 18/19 years; n = 50 and n = 60 for SB and comparison groups, respectively). RESULTS Autonomy-promoting (behavioral control, autonomy-relatedness) and -inhibiting (psychological control) observed preadolescent parenting behaviors prospectively predicted emerging adulthood adjustment, particularly within educational, social, and emotional domains. Interestingly, high parent undermining of relatedness predicted better educational and social adjustment in the SB sample CONCLUSIONS Parenting behaviors related to autonomy have long-term consequences for adjustment in emerging adults with and without SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin B Murray
- Psychology Department, Loyola University Chicago, Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, and Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | - Christina M Amaro
- Psychology Department, Loyola University Chicago, Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, and Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | - Katie A Devine
- Psychology Department, Loyola University Chicago, Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, and Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | - Alexandra M Psihogios
- Psychology Department, Loyola University Chicago, Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, and Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | - Lexa K Murphy
- Psychology Department, Loyola University Chicago, Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, and Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | - Grayson N Holmbeck
- Psychology Department, Loyola University Chicago, Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, and Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
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Murray CB, Lennon JM, Devine KA, Holmbeck GN, Klages K, Potthoff LM. The influence of social adjustment on normative and risky health behaviors in emerging adults with spina bifida. Health Psychol 2014; 33:1153-63. [PMID: 24490647 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the rates of normative and risky health behaviors and the influence of prior and current social adjustment on health risk behaviors in emerging adults with spina bifida (SB). METHOD These data are part of a larger longitudinal study of youth with SB; at ages 18-19, 50 emerging adults with SB and 60 typically developing (TD) youth participated. Social adjustment was measured at ages 12/13, 14/15, 16/17, and 18/19. Substance use and sexual activity were self-reported by emerging adults. RESULTS The SB group reported similar frequencies (i.e., number of days in the previous month) of cigarette and marijuana use. Fewer individuals with SB reported initiation of both alcohol use (i.e., ever used) and sexual activity (i.e., ever had sex) compared to TD peers. The SB group also reported less frequent alcohol use and fewer sexual partners. Better social adjustment during early adolescence (ages 12/13) predicted more frequent alcohol use and a greater number of sexual partners for all youth. Social adjustment also mediated the effect of group status on health risk behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Emerging adults with SB lag behind TD peers in terms of normative initiation of alcohol use and sexual activity. However, this population participates in some risky health behaviors at similar rates compared to their TD peers (e.g., smoking). Youths' health risk behaviors may be influenced by their level of social adjustment. A challenge for future interventions for this population will be finding methods of improving social functioning without increasing the rate of health risk behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katie A Devine
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center
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Holbein CE, Murray CB, Psihogios AM, Wasserman RM, Essner BS, O'Hara LK, Holmbeck GN. A camp-based psychosocialiIntervention to promote independence and social function in individuals with spina bifida: moderators of treatment effectiveness. J Pediatr Psychol 2013; 38:412-24. [PMID: 23435204 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jst003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To replicate and extend O'Mahar and colleagues' (O'Mahar, K., Holmbeck, G. N., Jandasek, B., & Zuckerman, J. [2010]. A camp-based intervention targeting independence among individuals with spina bifida. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 35, 848-856) findings in a new and larger sample of youth and young adults with spina bifida who participated in a modified camp-based intervention targeting independence and social skills. Moderators of intervention effectiveness and clinical significance were examined. METHOD In all, 119 campers aged 7-41 years participated in an intervention that included goal setting and interactive workshops. Campers and parents completed measures of campers' goal attainment, independence, and social functioning at preintervention and postintervention; counselors reported on campers' goal attainment daily throughout the intervention. RESULTS Parents and campers reported improvements in campers' goal attainment, management of health-related self-care, and independence. Although benefits were found for most campers, cognitive functioning and family income moderated some outcomes. Campers who improved most on their social goals perceived the intervention to be more effective. CONCLUSIONS Further support is provided for the effectiveness of a camp-based intervention targeting independence and social skills for individuals with spina bifida. More attention should be directed toward those with cognitive difficulties and low-income backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina E Holbein
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660, USA.
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Gesuele F, Sfeir MY, Koh WK, Murray CB, Heinz TF, Wong CW. Ultrafast supercontinuum spectroscopy of carrier multiplication and biexcitonic effects in excited states of PbS quantum dots. Nano Lett 2012; 12:2658-2664. [PMID: 22149990 DOI: 10.1021/nl2021224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We examine the population dynamics of multiple excitons in PbS quantum dots using spectrally resolved ultrafast supercontinuum transient absorption (SC-TA) measurements. We simultaneously probe the first three excitonic transitions. The transient spectra show the presence of bleaching of absorption for the 1S(h)-1S(e) transition, as well as transients associated with the 1P(h)-1P(e) transition. We examine signatures of carrier multiplication (multiple excitons arising from a single absorbed photon) from analysis of the bleaching features in the limit of low absorbed photon numbers (left angle bracket N(abs) right angle bracket ∼ 10(-2)) for pump photon energies from two to four times that of the band gap. The efficiency of multiple-exciton generation is discussed both in terms of the ratio between early- to long-time transient absorption signals and of a broadband global fit to the data. Analysis of the population dynamics shows that bleaching associated with biexciton population is red shifted with respect to the single exciton feature, which is in accordance with a positive binding energy for the biexciton.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gesuele
- Optical Nanostructures Laboratory, Center for Integrated Science and Engineering, Solid-State Science and Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States.
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Murray CB, Murphy LK, Palermo TM, Clarke GM. Pain and sleep-wake disturbances in adolescents with depressive disorders. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 2012; 41:482-90. [PMID: 22420746 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2012.658613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to (a) assess and compare sleep disturbances (including daytime and nighttime sleep patterns) in adolescents with depressive disorders and healthy peers, (b) examine the prevalence of pain in adolescents with depressive disorders and healthy peers, and (c) examine pubertal development, pain intensity, and depressive symptom severity as predictors of sleep disturbance. One hundred six adolescents (46 depressed, 60 healthy), 12 to 18 years (M = 15.10 years; 67% female; 77% Caucasian) completed subjective measures of sleep, presleep arousal, fatigue, and pain. Participants also underwent 10 days of actigraphic monitoring to assess nighttime and daytime sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and wake after sleep onset. Results indicated that youth with depression exhibited greater sleep disturbances on subjective and actigraphic sleep variables than healthy controls. Depressed youth also reported more frequent and severe pain than healthy youth. Linear regression analysis indicated that pain intensity and depressive symptoms predicted worse sleep quality across groups. The interaction term was also significant, such that adolescents with high levels of depressive symptoms had poor sleep quality when pain intensity levels were high. These results indicate that sleep is important to assess in youth with depression, and that pain may be an important target for sleep intervention in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin B Murray
- Psychology Department, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660, USA.
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Toliver-Sokol M, Murray CB, Wilson AC, Lewandowski A, Palermo TM. Patterns and predictors of health service utilization in adolescents with pain: comparison between a community and a clinical pain sample. J Pain 2011; 12:747-55. [PMID: 21481647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2010.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED There is limited research describing the patterns of healthcare utilization in adolescents with chronic pain. This study describes healthcare utilization in a clinical chronic pain sample, and compares the patterns of service use of this group to a community sample with intermittent pain complaints. We also investigated demographic and clinical factors that predicted healthcare visits and medication use in the clinical sample. Data on 117 adolescents (aged 12-18; n = 59 clinical pain sample, n = 58 community) were collected. Caregivers and adolescents reported on sociodemographics, medical visits, current medications, pain, activity limitations, and depression. As hypothesized, the clinical pain sample had higher rates of healthcare consultation on all types of medical visits (general, specialty care, complementary medicine, mental health, OT/PT), and higher medication use compared to the community sample. Regression analyses revealed that higher annual income, greater pain frequency, and higher levels of caregiver-reported activity limitations were associated with a greater number of healthcare visits for the total sample. Within the clinical pain sample, higher pain frequency and greater activity limitations (caregiver report) predicted more specialty care visits. Additionally, higher income and greater levels of depressive symptoms predicted a higher number of prescribed medications. PERSPECTIVE This study contributes to the limited available data on health service and medication use in a clinical chronic pain sample versus a community sample of adolescents. We also identify clinical factors (pain frequency, parent-reported activity limitations, depressive symptoms) and demographic factors (gender, income) associated with healthcare utilization.
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Palermo TM, Wilson AC, Lewandowski AS, Toliver-Sokol M, Murray CB. Behavioral and psychosocial factors associated with insomnia in adolescents with chronic pain. Pain 2010; 152:89-94. [PMID: 21030151 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to (1) identify differences in sleep behaviors, sleep quality, pre-sleep arousal and prevalence of insomnia symptoms in adolescents with chronic pain compared to a healthy age and sex-matched cohort and (2) examine pain intensity, pubertal development, depression, and pre-sleep arousal as risk factors for insomnia symptoms. Participants included 115 adolescents, 12-18 years of age (73.0% female), 59 youth with chronic pain and 56 healthy youth. During a home-based assessment, adolescents completed validated measures of pain, sleep quality, sleep hygiene, pre-sleep arousal, depressive symptoms, and pubertal development. Findings revealed a significantly higher percentage of adolescents with chronic pain reporting symptoms of insomnia (54.2%) compared to healthy adolescents (19.6%), p<.001. Youth with chronic pain also reported higher cognitive and somatic arousal at bedtime, and lower sleep quality compared to the healthy cohort. In a logistic regression, two factors emerged as significant predictors of insomnia, having chronic pain (OR=6.09) and higher levels of cognitive pre-sleep arousal (OR=1.24). Level of pain intensity did not predict insomnia. While sleep disruption may initially relate to pain, these symptoms may persist into a separate primary sleep disorder over time due to other behavioral and psychosocial factors. Assessment of insomnia may be important for identifying behavioral targets for the delivery of sleep-specific interventions to youth with chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya M Palermo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98101, USA Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Speechley WJ, Murray CB, McKay RM, Munz MT, Ngan ETC. A failure of conflict to modulate dual-stream processing may underlie the formation and maintenance of delusions. Eur Psychiatry 2009; 25:80-6. [PMID: 19699616 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dual-stream information processing proposes that reasoning is composed of two interacting processes: a fast, intuitive system (Stream 1) and a slower, more logical process (Stream 2). In non-patient controls, divergence of these streams may result in the experience of conflict, modulating decision-making towards Stream 2, and initiating a more thorough examination of the available evidence. In delusional schizophrenia patients, a failure of conflict to modulate decision-making towards Stream 2 may reduce the influence of contradictory evidence, resulting in a failure to correct erroneous beliefs. METHOD Delusional schizophrenia patients and non-patient controls completed a deductive reasoning task requiring logical validity judgments of two-part conditional statements. Half of the statements were characterized by a conflict between logical validity (Stream 2) and content believability (Stream 1). RESULTS Patients were significantly worse than controls in determining the logical validity of both conflict and non-conflict conditional statements. This between groups difference was significantly greater for the conflict condition. CONCLUSIONS The results are consistent with the hypothesis that delusional schizophrenia patients fail to use conflict to modulate towards Stream 2 when the two streams of reasoning arrive at incompatible judgments. This finding provides encouraging preliminary support for the Dual-Stream Modulation Failure model of delusion formation and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Speechley
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C., Canada
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Grancharov SG, Zeng H, Sun S, Wang SX, O'Brien S, Murray CB, Kirtley JR, Held GA. Bio-functionalization of monodisperse magnetic nanoparticles and their use as biomolecular labels in a magnetic tunnel junction based sensor. J Phys Chem B 2007; 109:13030-5. [PMID: 16852617 DOI: 10.1021/jp051098c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Monodisperse magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) could enable the ultra-sensitive magnetic detection of biological analytes. However, rendering these particles biocompatible has remained a challenge. We report the bio-functionalization and detection of 12-nm manganese ferrite NPs. We have achieved the site-specific binding of biotin-functionalized NPs onto avidin-patterned silicon oxide substrates and DNA-functionalized NPs onto complementary DNA-patterned silicon oxide substrates. Utilizing scanning SQUID microscopy, we show that these substrate-bound NPs retain their magnetic properties. Finally, we demonstrate a novel method of detecting either protein binding or DNA hybridization at room temperature using the NPs and a magnetic tunnel-junction-based biosensor situated in orthogonal magnetic fields.
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Redl FX, Cho KS, Murray CB, O'Brien S. Three-dimensional binary superlattices of magnetic nanocrystals and semiconductor quantum dots. Nature 2003; 423:968-71. [PMID: 12827196 DOI: 10.1038/nature01702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 461] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2002] [Accepted: 04/16/2003] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in strategies for synthesizing nanoparticles--such as semiconductor quantum dots, magnets and noble-metal clusters--have enabled the precise control of composition, size, shape, crystal structure, and surface chemistry. The distinct properties of the resulting nanometre-scale building blocks can be harnessed in assemblies with new collective properties, which can be further engineered by controlling interparticle spacing and by material processing. Our study is motivated by the emerging concept of metamaterials-materials with properties arising from the controlled interaction of the different nanocrystals in an assembly. Previous multi-component nanocrystal assemblies have usually resulted in amorphous or short-range-ordered materials because of non-directional forces or insufficient mobility during assembly. Here we report the self-assembly of PbSe semiconductor quantum dots and Fe2O3 magnetic nanocrystals into precisely ordered three-dimensional superlattices. The use of specific size ratios directs the assembly of the magnetic and semiconducting nanoparticles into AB13 or AB2 superlattices with potentially tunable optical and magnetic properties. This synthesis concept could ultimately enable the fine-tuning of material responses to magnetic, electrical, optical and mechanical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- F X Redl
- [1] IBM, T. J. Watson Research Center, Nanoscale Materials and Devices, 1101 Kitchawan Road, Route 134, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, USA
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Sun S, Anders S, Hamann HF, Thiele JU, Baglin JEE, Thomson T, Fullerton EE, Murray CB, Terris BD. Polymer mediated self-assembly of magnetic nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:2884-5. [PMID: 11902874 DOI: 10.1021/ja0176503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present a simple polymer-mediated process of assembling magnetic FePt nanoparticles on a solid substrate. Alternatively absorbing the PEI molecule and FePt nanoparticles on a HO-terminated solid surface leads to a smooth FePt nanoparticle assembly with controlled assembly thickness and dimension. Magnetic measurements show that the thermally annealed FePt nanoparticle assembly as thin as three nanoparticle layers is ferromagnetic. The magnetization direction of this thin FePt nanoparticle assembly is readily controlled with the laser-assisted magnetic writing. The reported process can be applied to various substrates, nanoparticles, and functional macromolecules and will be useful for future magnetic nanodevice fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouheng Sun
- IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA.
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O'Brien S, Brus L, Murray CB. Synthesis of monodisperse nanoparticles of barium titanate: toward a generalized strategy of oxide nanoparticle synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:12085-6. [PMID: 11724617 DOI: 10.1021/ja011414a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S O'Brien
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, 200 SW Mudd Building, 500 West 120th Street, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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Abstract
Self-assembled devices composed of periodic arrays of 10-nanometer-diameter cobalt nanocrystals display spin-dependent electron transport. Current-voltage characteristics are well described by single-electron tunneling in a uniform array. At temperatures below 20 kelvin, device magnetoresistance ratios are on the order of 10%, approaching the maximum predicted for ensembles of cobalt islands with randomly oriented preferred magnetic axes. Low-energy spin-flip scattering suppresses magnetoresistance with increasing temperature and bias-voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Black
- IBM Research Division, T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA.
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Mandara J, Murray CB. Effects of parental marital status, income, and family functioning on African American adolescent self-esteem. J Fam Psychol 2000; 14:475-490. [PMID: 11025936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of marital status, family income, and family functioning on African American adolescents' self-esteem. One hundred sixteen adolescents participated, 64% of whom were female. Compared with boys with nonmarried parents, boys with married parents had higher overall self-esteem, even when family income and family functioning were controlled. Parental marital status had no effect on girls' self-esteem. Family functioning was a very strong predictor of self-esteem for both sexes. However, family relational factors were more important to girls' self-esteem, whereas structural and growth factors were more important for boys. It was concluded that African American adolescent boys with nonmarried parents are at risk for developing low self-esteem compared with other African American adolescents, but a more controlled and structured environment may buffer the effects of having nonmarried parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mandara
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside 92521, USA.
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Abstract
Synthesis of monodisperse iron-platinum (FePt) nanoparticles by reduction of platinum acetylacetonate and decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl in the presence of oleic acid and oleyl amine stabilizers is reported. The FePt particle composition is readily controlled, and the size is tunable from 3- to 10-nanometer diameter with a standard deviation of less than 5%. These nanoparticles self-assemble into three-dimensional superlattices. Thermal annealing converts the internal particle structure from a chemically disordered face-centered cubic phase to the chemically ordered face-centered tetragonal phase and transforms the nanoparticle superlattices into ferromagnetic nanocrystal assemblies. These assemblies are chemically and mechanically robust and can support high-density magnetization reversal transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sun
- IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA. IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, USA
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Abstract
Chloride channels supply critical functions in epithelial cells throughout the body. Although function of the volume- and voltage-gated C1C-2 is uncertain, its wide tissue distribution of mRNA suggests C1C-2 has important housekeeping functions. This study's objective was to identify the extent of not only C1C-2 mRNA expression but also protein expression as a measure of the capacity for C1C-2 chloride secretion in epithelial tissues. Using quantitative ribonuclease protection assay, we found that C1C-2 mRNA transcripts were abundant in fetal and postnatal brain, fetal kidney, liver, intestine, and lung. In contrast to brain, C1C-2 mRNA transcripts were downregulated during late gestation in lung, kidney, and intestine. The lung expressed the least C1C-2 mRNA. Immunoblotting demonstrated similar tissue- and gestation-dependent variations in C1C-2 protein expression. To determine if there is a correlation between the sites of C1C-2 protein expression and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), another epithelial chloride channel, a polyclonal COOH-terminal C1C-2 antibody and an anti-R domain CFTR anti-body were used. C1C-2 and CFTR were expressed in different sites in lung and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Murray
- Eudowood Division of Respiratory Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
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Kagan CR, Murray CB, Bawendi MG. Long-range resonance transfer of electronic excitations in close-packed CdSe quantum-dot solids. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 54:8633-8643. [PMID: 9984542 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.8633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Abstract
CIC-2 is a voltage- and volume-regulated chloride channel expressed in many tissues. We have shown that CIC-2 in rat lung airways is significantly down-regulated after birth [Murray,C.B. et al. (1995) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 12, 597-604]. During PCR amplification from rat lung cDNA, a second transcript was identified which is 60 bp shorter than the full length sequence. The peptide translated from this 60 bp sequence contains many positively charged amino acid residues. Rat genomic DNA sequencing showed that the 60 bp sequence is an intact exon. A 71% pyrimidine content and an AAG 3'-end splice site in the intron immediately upstream from the 60 bp sequence were identified which may account for the alternative splicing of the following exon. Human genomic sequence analyses demonstrated similar intron-exon arrangement. A high CT content and an AAG 3' acceptor site were conserved in the intron corresponding to the rat upstream intron. The presence of the full length short form transcript was confirmed in rat kidney by RT-PCR, and the ratio of the long and the short form transcripts varied significantly according to the tissues examined, with the lowest long/short form ratio found in the lung among the tissues studied. Our data demonstrated that the alternatively spliced short form (CIC-2S) is transcribed in many rat tissues, the ratio of the long/short form transcripts is lower in the lung compared with the brain, and the genomic organization in this area is conserved in rat and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287-2533, USA
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Murray CB, Loughlin GM. Making the most of pulse oximetry. Contemp Pediatr 1995; 12:45-52, 55-7, 61-2. [PMID: 10150665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
A noninvasive device that gives continuous oxygenation readings has great appeal, and pulse oximetry has enjoyed wide acceptance. To use it most effectively, though, you need to understand the principles it's based on and know its limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Murray
- Eudowood Division of Respiratory Sciences, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, USA
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Murray CB, Morales MM, Flotte TR, McGrath-Morrow SA, Guggino WB, Zeitlin PL. CIC-2: a developmentally dependent chloride channel expressed in the fetal lung and downregulated after birth. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1995; 12:597-604. [PMID: 7766424 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb.12.6.7766424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth and differentiation of the fetal lung are dependent on chloride and fluid secretion, yet the specific molecular identities of fetal chloride channels have not been fully determined. In this study, we demonstrate mRNA expression of the volume-activated chloride channel, CIC-2, in fetal rat lung using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and ribonuclease (RNase) protection assay. By RNase protection assay, CIC-2 mRNA expression is most abundant in fetal lung and diminishes after birth until it is almost undetectable in adult rat lung. To confirm this result at the protein level, a C-terminal fragment of CIC-2 cDNA derived from 19-day fetal rat lung was cloned into an expression plasmid. The truncated 33-kD CIC-2 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by column chromatography. Polyclonal antibodies to this antigen were raised in chickens, and the antisera detected a 94-kD protein in fetal rat lung homogenates by Western blotting. Protein expression of CIC-2 was most abundant in mid and late gestation and decreased significantly shortly after birth, as would be predicted by the RNase protection data. CIC-2 protein was localized along the apical surface of fetal airway epithelium by immunocytochemistry. The abundant fetal expression of CIC-2 RNA and protein supports the hypothesis that CIC-2 is important to fetal lung development, and its apical location suggests that it may be involved in fluid secretion during normal lung morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
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Nirmal M, Murray CB, Bawendi MG. Fluorescence-line narrowing in CdSe quantum dots: Surface localization of the photogenerated exciton. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 50:2293-2300. [PMID: 9976446 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.2293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Norris DJ, Sacra A, Murray CB, Bawendi MG. Measurement of the size dependent hole spectrum in CdSe quantum dots. Phys Rev Lett 1994; 72:2612-2615. [PMID: 10055928 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.72.2612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
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Abstract
Variation in growth and sexual maturity was examined for five stocks of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) spawning at different times in British Columbia. In each stock, four males were mated with eight females in a nested breeding design, and the juveniles were reared for 500 d after fry emergence. Adults in early-spawning northern stocks were smaller than those in late-spawning southern ones, but pink salmon from northern stocks had faster growth rates than those from southern ones. The relative ranking within stocks of family weight remained constant after late winter in the year of maturity. Heritability of weight based upon sire variance components was usually greater than 0.9 after 150 d of rearing. Pink salmon from the earlier-spawning stocks were in a more advanced state of sexual maturity when the experiment was terminated than were those from later-spawning stocks, indicative of a significant genetic component in timing of sexual maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Beacham
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C., Canada
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Abstract
Two small-sized and two large-sized male pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) were mated to each of four females, producing eight families sired by small males and eight sired by large males. The juveniles were reared for 500 d after fry emergence. Juvenile weight in the two male size classes was similar until the spring of the year of maturity, when juveniles sired by large males grew faster than those sired by small ones. Heritability estimates of weight based upon the dam component of variance increased during 500 d of rearing from 0.4 to 0.8. Heritability of weight based upon the sire component of variance generally ranged between 0.1 and 0.3. The large variation in male body size in spawning pink salmon populations may have resulted from different male breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Beacham
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Fisheries Research Branch, Nanaimo, B.C
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