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Thaker D, Veltre A, Smith A, Orth C, Stafford B. 370O Determining the value of routine Palliative Prognostic Index (PPI) calculations in a palliative care unit. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv531.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Mackinnon AJ, Kline JL, Dixit SN, Glenzer SH, Edwards MJ, Callahan DA, Meezan NB, Haan SW, Kilkenny JD, Döppner T, Farley DR, Moody JD, Ralph JE, MacGowan BJ, Landen OL, Robey HF, Boehly TR, Celliers PM, Eggert JH, Krauter K, Frieders G, Ross GF, Hicks DG, Olson RE, Weber SV, Spears BK, Salmonsen JD, Michel P, Divol L, Hammel B, Thomas CA, Clark DS, Jones OS, Springer PT, Cerjan CJ, Collins GW, Glebov VY, Knauer JP, Sangster C, Stoeckl C, McKenty P, McNaney JM, Leeper RJ, Ruiz CL, Cooper GW, Nelson AG, Chandler GGA, Hahn KD, Moran MJ, Schneider MB, Palmer NE, Bionta RM, Hartouni EP, LePape S, Patel PK, Izumi N, Tommasini R, Bond EJ, Caggiano JA, Hatarik R, Grim GP, Merrill FE, Fittinghoff DN, Guler N, Drury O, Wilson DC, Herrmann HW, Stoeffl W, Casey DT, Johnson MG, Frenje JA, Petrasso RD, Zylestra A, Rinderknecht H, Kalantar DH, Dzenitis JM, Di Nicola P, Eder DC, Courdin WH, Gururangan G, Burkhart SC, Friedrich S, Blueuel DL, Bernstein LA, Eckart MJ, Munro DH, Hatchett SP, Macphee AG, Edgell DH, Bradley DK, Bell PM, Glenn SM, Simanovskaia N, Barrios MA, Benedetti R, Kyrala GA, Town RPJ, Dewald EL, Milovich JL, Widmann K, Moore AS, LaCaille G, Regan SP, Suter LJ, Felker B, Ashabranner RC, Jackson MC, Prasad R, Richardson MJ, Kohut TR, Datte PS, Krauter GW, Klingman JJ, Burr RF, Land TA, Hermann MR, Latray DA, Saunders RL, Weaver S, Cohen SJ, Berzins L, Brass SG, Palma ES, Lowe-Webb RR, McHalle GN, Arnold PA, Lagin LJ, Marshall CD, Brunton GK, Mathisen DG, Wood RD, Cox JR, Ehrlich RB, Knittel KM, Bowers MW, Zacharias RA, Young BK, Holder JP, Kimbrough JR, Ma T, La Fortune KN, Widmayer CC, Shaw MJ, Erbert GV, Jancaitis KS, DiNicola JM, Orth C, Heestand G, Kirkwood R, Haynam C, Wegner PJ, Whitman PK, Hamza A, Dzenitis EG, Wallace RJ, Bhandarkar SD, Parham TG, Dylla-Spears R, Mapoles ER, Kozioziemski BJ, Sater JD, Walters CF, Haid BJ, Fair J, Nikroo A, Giraldez E, Moreno K, Vanwonterghem B, Kauffman RL, Batha S, Larson DW, Fortner RJ, Schneider DH, Lindl JD, Patterson RW, Atherton LJ, Moses EI. Assembly of high-areal-density deuterium-tritium fuel from indirectly driven cryogenic implosions. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:215005. [PMID: 23003274 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.215005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The National Ignition Facility has been used to compress deuterium-tritium to an average areal density of ~1.0±0.1 g cm(-2), which is 67% of the ignition requirement. These conditions were obtained using 192 laser beams with total energy of 1-1.6 MJ and peak power up to 420 TW to create a hohlraum drive with a shaped power profile, peaking at a soft x-ray radiation temperature of 275-300 eV. This pulse delivered a series of shocks that compressed a capsule containing cryogenic deuterium-tritium to a radius of 25-35 μm. Neutron images of the implosion were used to estimate a fuel density of 500-800 g cm(-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Mackinnon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
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Ploch P, Schimanski CC, Goetz M, Orth C, Lang H, Galle PR, Schuchmann M, Kittner JM. [With the scalpel against the immune system: HIV infection complicated by an unclear colitis]. Z Gastroenterol 2012; 50:382-5. [PMID: 22467540 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1273454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A 35-year-old Kenian lady with advanced immunodeficiency due to HIV infection started on an antiretroviral therapy. Five months later, a severe colitis was diagnosed, however, no causal pathogen could be found. In order to avoid imminent perforation, a hemicolectomy became necessary, and immediately the symptoms and inflammation markers normalized rapidly. M. tuberculosis could be proven in culture in a draining abdominal lymph node. We assume that the severe inflammation was caused by an immune restoration inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Essentials in diagnosis, pathogenesis and therapy of IRIS are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ploch
- I. Med. Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin Mainz
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Ghanaati S, Unger RE, Webber MJ, Barbeck M, Orth C, Kirkpatrick JA, Booms P, Motta A, Migliaresi C, Sader RA, Kirkpatrick CJ. Scaffold vascularization in vivo driven by primary human osteoblasts in concert with host inflammatory cells. Biomaterials 2011; 32:8150-60. [PMID: 21821280 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Successful cell-based tissue engineering requires a rapid and thorough vascularization in order to ensure long-term implant survival and tissue integration. The vascularization of a scaffold is a complex process, and is modulated by the presence of transplanted cells, exogenous and endogenous signaling proteins, and the host tissue reaction, among other influencing factors. This paper presents evidence for the significance of pre-seeded osteoblasts for the in vivo vascularization of a biodegradable scaffold. Human osteoblasts, cultured on silk fibroin micronets in vitro, migrated throughout the interconnected pores of the scaffold and produced extensive bone matrix. When these constructs were implanted in SCID mice, a rapid and thorough vascularization of the scaffold by the host blood capillaries occurred. This profound response was not seen for the silk fibroin scaffold alone. Moreover, when the pre-cultivation time of human osteoblasts was reduced from 14 days to only 24 h, the significant effect these cells exerted on vascularization rate in vivo was still detectable. From these studies, we conclude that matrix and soluble factors produced by osteoblasts can serve to instruct host endothelial cells to migrate, proliferate, and initiate the process of scaffold vascularization. This finding represents a potential paradigm shift for the field of tissue engineering, especially in bone, as traditional strategies to enhance scaffold vascularization have focused on endovascular cells and regarded osteoblasts primarily as cell targets for mineralization. In addition, the migration of host macrophages and multinucleated giant cells into the scaffold was also found to influence the vascularization of the biomaterial. Therefore, the robust effect on scaffold vascularization seen by pre-culturing with osteoblasts appears to occur in concert with the pro-angiogenic stimuli arising from host immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Ghanaati
- REPAIR-Lab, Institute of Pathology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse. 1, 55101 Mainz, Germany.
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Ghanaati S, Orth C, Unger RE, Barbeck M, Webber MJ, Motta A, Migliaresi C, James Kirkpatrick C. Fine-tuning scaffolds for tissue regeneration: effects of formic acid processing on tissue reaction to silk fibroin. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 4:464-72. [PMID: 20112273 DOI: 10.1002/term.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Formic acid (FA) plays a key role in the preparation of silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds from cocoons of Bombyx mori and is used for fibre distribution. In this study, we used a subcutaneous implantation model in Wistar rats to examine SF scaffolds prepared by treating the degummed cocoon with FA for either 30 or 60 min. The tissue reaction and inflammatory response to SF was assessed by qualitative histology at intervals from 3 to 180 days. Additionally, dynamic biomaterial-induced vascularization and biomaterial degradation were quantified using a technique for analysing an image of the entire implanted biomaterial. Varying the FA treatment time led to different scaffold morphologies and resulted in two distinct peri-implant tissue reactions. The 30 min-treated scaffold was integrated into the surrounding tissue beginning at day 3 after implantation and vascularization increased 10-fold from 15 to 180 days, while the scaffold was continuously degraded throughout the first 90 days. In contrast, the 60 min-treated SF scaffold appeared as bulk for the first 90 days after implantation, after which a rapid degradation and vascularization process began. After 180 days, the tissue response was similar for both scaffolds, with eventual formation of a well vascularized connective tissue integrating the SF fibres. This study indicates that by modifying the FA treatment time, the tissue reaction to SF scaffolds can be tailored for different tissue-engineering applications. The tunability and biocompatibility of SF make it an attractive scaffold for exploration in regenerative medicine and clinical tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Ghanaati
- Institute of Pathology, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55101 Mainz, Germany.
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Ghanaati S, Fuchs S, Webber MJ, Orth C, Barbeck M, Gomes ME, Reis RL, Kirkpatrick CJ. Rapid vascularization of starch-poly(caprolactone) in vivo by outgrowth endothelial cells in co-culture with primary osteoblasts. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2010; 5:e136-43. [PMID: 21604380 DOI: 10.1002/term.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The successful integration of in vitro-generated tissues is dependent on adequate vascularization in vivo. Human outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) isolated from the mononuclear cell fraction of peripheral blood represent a potent population of circulating endothelial progenitors that could provide a cell source for rapid anastomosis and scaffold vascularization. Our previous work with these cells in co-culture with primary human osteoblasts has demonstrated their potential to form perfused vascular structures within a starch-poly(caprolactone) biomaterial in vivo. In the present study, we demonstrate the ability of OECs to form perfused vascular structures as early as 48 h following subcutaneous implantation of the biomaterial in vivo. The number of OEC-derived vessels increased throughout the study, an effect that was independent of the OEC donor. This finding of rapid and thorough OEC-mediated scaffold vascularization demonstrates the great potential for OEC-based strategies to promote vascularization in tissue engineering. OECs have the potential to contribute to host-derived scaffold vascularization, and formed vascular structures at a similar density as those arising from the host. Additionally, immunohistochemical evidence demonstrated the close interaction between OECs and the co-cultured osteoblasts. In addition to the known paracrine activity osteoblasts have in modulating angiogenesis of co-cultured OECs, we demonstrate the potential of osteoblasts to provide additional structural support for OEC-derived vessels, perhaps acting in a pericyte-like role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Ghanaati
- REPAIR-lab, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, & European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Langenbeckstrasse 1, D-55101 Mainz, Germany.
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Ghanaati S, Orth C, Barbeck M, Willershausen I, Thimm BW, Booms P, Stübinger S, Landes C, Sader RA, Kirkpatrick CJ. Histological and histomorphometrical analysis of a silica matrix embedded nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite bone substitute using the subcutaneous implantation model in Wistar rats. Biomed Mater 2010; 5:35005. [PMID: 20460687 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/5/3/035005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The clinical suitability of a bone substitute material is determined by the ability to induce a tissue reaction specific to its composition. The aim of this in vivo study was to analyze the tissue reaction to a silica matrix-embedded, nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite bone substitute.The subcutaneous implantation model in Wistar rats was chosen to assess the effect of silica degradation on the vascularization of the biomaterial and its biodegradation within a time period of 6 months. Already at day 10 after implantation, histomorphometrical analysis showed that the vascularization of the implantation bed reached its peak value compared to all other time points. Both vessel density and vascularization significantly decreased until day 90 after implantation. In this time period, the bone substitute underwent a significant degradation initiated by TRAP-positive and TRAP-negative multinucleated giant cells together with macrophages and lymphocytes. Although no specific tissue reaction could be related to the described silica degradation, the biomaterial was close to being fully degraded without a severe inflammatory response. These characteristics are advantageous for bone regeneration and remodeling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Ghanaati
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55101 Mainz, Germany; Department for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Medical Center of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stein-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Ghanaati SM, Thimm BW, Unger RE, Orth C, Kohler T, Barbeck M, Müller R, Kirkpatrick CJ. Collagen-embedded hydroxylapatite-beta-tricalcium phosphate-silicon dioxide bone substitute granules assist rapid vascularization and promote cell growth. Biomed Mater 2010; 5:25004. [PMID: 20208127 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/5/2/025004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we assessed the biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo of a low-temperature sol-gel-manufactured SiO(2)-based bone graft substitute. Human primary osteoblasts and the osteoblastic cell line, MG63, cultured on the SiO(2) biomatrix in monoculture retained their osteoblastic morphology and cellular functionality in vitro. The effect of the biomaterial in vivo and its vascularization potential was tested subcutaneously in Wistar rats and demonstrated both rapid vascularization and good integration within the peri-implant tissue. Scaffold degradation was progressive during the first month after implantation, with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive macrophages being present and promoting scaffold degradation from an early stage. This manuscript describes successful osteoblastic growth promotion in vitro and a promising biomaterial integration and vasculogenesis in vivo for a possible therapeutic application of this biomatrix in future clinical studies.
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Ghanaati S, Webber MJ, Unger RE, Orth C, Hulvat JF, Kiehna SE, Barbeck M, Rasic A, Stupp SI, Kirkpatrick CJ. Dynamic in vivo biocompatibility of angiogenic peptide amphiphile nanofibers. Biomaterials 2009; 30:6202-12. [PMID: 19683342 PMCID: PMC2745602 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials that promote angiogenesis have great potential in regenerative medicine for rapid revascularization of damaged tissue, survival of transplanted cells, and healing of chronic wounds. Supramolecular nanofibers formed by self-assembly of a heparin-binding peptide amphiphile and heparan sulfate-like glycosaminoglycans were evaluated here using a dorsal skinfold chamber model to dynamically monitor the interaction between the nanofiber gel and the microcirculation, representing a novel application of this model. We paired this model with a conventional subcutaneous implantation model for static histological assessment of the interactions between the gel and host tissue. In the static analysis, the heparan sulfate-containing nanofiber gels were found to persist in the tissue for up to 30 days and revealed excellent biocompatibility. Strikingly, as the nanofiber gel biodegraded, we observed the formation of a de novo vascularized connective tissue. In the dynamic experiments using the dorsal skinfold chamber, the material again demonstrated good biocompatibility, with minimal dilation of the microcirculation and only a few adherent leukocytes, monitored through intravital fluorescence microscopy. The new application of the dorsal skinfold model corroborated our findings from the traditional static histology, demonstrating the potential use of this technique to dynamically evaluate the biocompatibility of materials. The observed biocompatibility and development of new vascularized tissue using both techniques demonstrates the potential of these angiogenesis-promoting materials for a host of regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Ghanaati
- Institute of Pathology, Langenbeckstr. 1, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55101 Mainz, Germany.
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Fuchs S, Ghanaati S, Orth C, Barbeck M, Kolbe M, Hofmann A, Eblenkamp M, Gomes M, Reis RL, Kirkpatrick CJ. Contribution of outgrowth endothelial cells from human peripheral blood on in vivo vascularization of bone tissue engineered constructs based on starch polycaprolactone scaffolds. Biomaterials 2009; 30:526-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Stübinger S, Ghanaati S, Orth C, Hilbig U, Saldamli B, Biesterfeld S, Kirkpatrick CJ, Sader RA. Maxillary sinus grafting with a nano-structured biomaterial: preliminary clinical and histological results. Eur Surg Res 2009; 42:143-9. [PMID: 19176966 DOI: 10.1159/000197215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study the potential of a new and entirely synthetic, nano-structured hydroxyapatite-based biomaterial for sinus floor augmentation is evaluated. METHODS 20 sinus floor elevations were carried out in a total of 20 patients. After a healing period of 6 months, in 10 cases cylinder-shaped bone biopsies were taken from the augmented maxillary region using trephine burs. RESULTS The healing period progressed without any complications. General and specific histological analysis of the bone biopsies showed a high osteoclast activity at the margin of the biomaterial which was well integrated into the newly formed bone. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that new trabecular bone is formed after grafting with the nanocrystalline bone substitute after 6 months. Ongoing histomorphological studies are necessary to quantify the biomaterial-bone ratio and the exact amount of newly built bone in the augmented cavity after 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Stübinger
- Department for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Medical Center of Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Fuchs S, Jiang X, Schmidt H, Dohle E, Ghanaati S, Orth C, Hofmann A, Motta A, Migliaresi C, Kirkpatrick CJ. Dynamic processes involved in the pre-vascularization of silk fibroin constructs for bone regeneration using outgrowth endothelial cells. Biomaterials 2008; 30:1329-38. [PMID: 19091396 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2008] [Accepted: 11/27/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
For successful bone regeneration tissue engineered bone constructs combining both aspects, namely a high osteogenic potential and a rapid connection to the vascular network are needed. In this study we assessed the formation of pre-vascular structures by human outgrowth endothelial cells (OEC) from progenitors in the peripheral blood and the osteogenic differentiation of primary human osteoblasts (pOB) on micrometric silk fibroin scaffolds. The rational was to gain more insight into the dynamic processes involved in the differentiation and functionality of both cell types depending on culture time in vitro. Vascular tube formation by OEC was assessed quantitatively at one and 4 weeks of culture. In parallel, we assessed the temporal changes in cell ratios by flow cytometry and in the marker profiles of endothelial and osteogenic markers by quantitative real-time PCR. In terms of OEC, we observed an increase in tube length, tube area, number of nodes and number of vascular meshes within a culture period of 4 weeks, but a decrease in endothelial markers in real-time PCR. At the same time early osteogenic markers were downregulated, while marker expression associated with progressing mineralized matrix was upregulated in later stages of the culture. In addition, deposition of matrix components, such as collagen type I, known as a pro-angiogenic substrate for endothelial cells, appeared to increase with time indicated by immunohistochemistry. In summary, the study suggests a progressing maturation of the tissue construct with culture time which seems to be not effected by culture conditions mainly designed for outgrowth endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Fuchs
- Institute of Pathology, Langenbeckstr. 1, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55101 Mainz, Germany.
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Shaw M, House R, Williams W, Haynam C, White R, Orth C, Sacks R. Laser performance operations model (LPOM): a computational system that automates the setup and performance analysis of the national ignition facility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/112/3/032022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Oberholzer K, Kunz P, Kneist W, Orth C, Düber C, Junginger T, Mildenberger P. Präoperative MRT bei Patienten mit Rektumkarzinom als Basis für eine selektive Indikationsstellung zur neoadjuvanten Therapie. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-976899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Corvinus FM, Orth C, Moriggl R, Tsareva SA, Wagner S, Pfitzner EB, Baus D, Kaufmann R, Huberb LA, Zatloukal K, Beug H, Öhlschläger P, Schütz A, Halbhuber KJ, Friedrich K. Persistent STAT3 activation in colon cancer is associated with enhanced cell proliferation and tumor growth. Neoplasia 2005; 7:545-55. [PMID: 16036105 PMCID: PMC1501283 DOI: 10.1593/neo.04571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2004] [Revised: 01/20/2005] [Accepted: 01/21/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Western countries. It has so far been molecularly defined mainly by alterations of the Wnt pathway. We show here for the first time that aberrant activities of the signal transducer and activator of transcription STAT3 actively contribute to this malignancy and, thus, are a potential therapeutic target for CRC. Constitutive STAT3 activity was found to be abundant in dedifferentiated cancer cells and infiltrating lymphocytes of CRC samples, but not in non-neoplastic colon epithelium. Cell lines derived from malignant colorectal tumors lost persistent STAT3 activity in culture. However, implantation of colon carcinoma cells into nude mice resulted in restoration of STAT3 activity, suggesting a role of an extracellular stimulus within the tumor microenvironment as a trigger for STAT activation. STAT3 activity in CRC cells triggered through interleukin-6 or through a constitutively active STAT3 mutant promoted cancer cell multiplication, whereas STAT3 inhibition through a dominant-negative variant impaired IL-6-driven proliferation. Blockade of STAT3 activation in CRC-derived xenograft tumors slowed down their development, arguing for a contribution of STAT3 to colorectal tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian M Corvinus
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena Medical School, Jena, Germany
| | - Carina Orth
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena Medical School, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Svetlana A Tsareva
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena Medical School, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena Medical School, Jena, Germany
| | - Edith B Pfitzner
- Institute for Biomedical Research, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Daniela Baus
- Institute for Biomedical Research, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Roland Kaufmann
- Clinic for General and Visceral Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller University Medical School, Jena, Germany
| | - Lukas A Huberb
- Department of Histology and Molecular Cell Biology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kurt Zatloukal
- Institute of Pathology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hartmut Beug
- Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Öhlschläger
- Department of Gynaecology, Friedrich-Schiller University Medical School, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Karl-Jürgen Halbhuber
- Institute of Anatomy II, Friedrich-Schiller University Medical School, Jena, Germany
| | - Karlheinz Friedrich
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena Medical School, Jena, Germany
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Ambrosio M, Antolini R, Auriemma G, Baker R, Baldini A, Barbarino GC, Barish BC, Battistoni G, Bellotti R, Bemporad C, Bernardini P, Bilokon H, Bisi V, Bloise C, Bosio T, Bower C, Bussino S, Cafagna F, Calicchio M, Campana D, Carboni M, Castellano M, Cecchini S, Cei F, Chiarella V, Corona A, Coutu S, De Cataldo G, Dekhissi H, De Marzo C, De Mitri I, De Vincenzi M, Di Credico A, Erriquez O, Fantini R, Favuzzi C, Forti C, Fusco P, Giacomelli G, Giannini G, Giglietto N, Goretti M, Grassi M, Grillo A, Guarino F, Guarnaccia P, Gustavino C, Habig A, Hanson K, Hawthorne A, Heinz R, Hong JT, Iarocci E, Katsavounidis E, Kearns E, Kyriazopoulou S, Lamanna E, Lane C, Levin DS, Lipari P, Longley NP, Longo MJ, Mancarella G, Mandrioli G, Margiotta-Neri A, Marini A, Martello D, Marzari-Chiesa A, Mazziotta MN, Michael DG, Mikheyev S, Miller L, Monacelli P, Montaruli T, Monteno M, Mufson S, Musser J, Nicoló D, Nolty R, Okada C, Orth C, Osteria G, Palamara O, Parlati S, Patera V, Patrizii L, Pazzi R, Peck CW, Petrera S, Pistilli P, Popa V, Rainó A, Reynoldson J, Ricciardi M, Ronga F, Rubizzo U, Sanzgiri A, Sartogo F, Satriano C, Satta L, Scapparone E, Scholberg K, Sciubba A, Serra-Lugaresi P, Severi M, Sitta M, Spinelli P, Spinetti M, Spurio M, Steinberg R, Stone JL, Sulak LR, Surdo A, Tarlé G, Togo V, Valente V, Walter CW, Webb R. High energy cosmic ray physics with underground muons in MACRO. II. Primary spectra and composition. Int J Clin Exp Med 1997. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.56.1418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bucci E, Fronticelli C, Orth C, Martorana MC, Aebischer L, Angeloni P. Bovine hemoglobin as a basis for artificial oxygen carriers. Biomater Artif Cells Artif Organs 1988; 16:197-204. [PMID: 3179464 DOI: 10.3109/10731198809132569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Under physiological conditions of pH and [Cl-] ions the oxygen affinity of bovine hemoglobin is lower than that of human hemoglobin. The difference tends to disappear at low ionic strength, while it increases at high ionic strength. In the presence of Cl- ions bovine hemoglobin is not sensitive to 2,3-DPG, while in the absence of Cl- ions human and bovine hemoglobin respond to 2,3-DPG in a similar way. This is due to a high preferential binding of halogens by the deoxy-conformation in the bovine system. Reaction of deoxy-bovine hemoglobin with 2,3-dibromo-salycyl-fumarate results in a decreased oxygen affinity. Compounds can be purified by anion exchange chromatography which have the sedimentation velocity of tetrameric hemoglobins. They fail to dissociate into dimers at acid pH because of the presence of intramolecular crosslinks. Reverse phase chromatography shows that both kind of subunits are modified by the reaction. The half time of retention in rats of these tetramers is near 5 h. Bovine red cells do not contain 2,3-DPG, therefore they can be stored in the cold in saline for at least 2 months without significant modifications of their oxygen affinity. The oxygen affinity of bovine red cells can be modulated by addition and subtraction of Cl- ions from and by changing the pH of the media.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bucci
- Dept. of Biological Chemistry, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore 21201
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Fronticelli C, Sato T, Orth C, Bucci E. Bovine hemoglobin as a potential source of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers: crosslinking with bis(2,3-dibromosalycyl)fumarate. Biochim Biophys Acta 1986; 874:76-81. [PMID: 3768378 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(86)90104-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Reaction in anaerobic conditions of bovine hemoglobin with bis(2,3-dibromosalycyl)fumarate resulted in new derivatives with P50 in excess of 40 mmHg, as determined at 37 degrees C in 0.15 M Cl- at pH 7.4. Although the chromatographic preparations indicated some heterogeneity of the reacted material, the proteins obtained were homogeneous with regard to sedimentation velocity, which showed the presence of only nondissociable tetrameric species. SDS gel electrophoresis showed the presence of a new band with a mobility corresponding approximately to a molecular mass of 32 kDa, indicating the presence of covalent intramolecular crosslinks between subunit pairs. Chromatographic analyses indicated that both alpha and beta chains were chemically modified. The retention times in rats of the crosslinked hemoglobin was 10-times longer than that of untreated hemoglobin.
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Fronticelli C, Bucci E, Orth C. Solvent regulation of oxygen affinity in hemoglobin. Sensitivity of bovine hemoglobin to chloride ions. J Biol Chem 1984; 259:10841-4. [PMID: 6469985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Under physiological conditions of pH (7.4) and chloride concentration (0.15 M), the oxygen affinity of bovine hemoglobin is substantially lower than that of human hemoglobin. Also, the Bohr effect is much more pronounced in bovine hemoglobin. Numerical simulations indicate that both phenomena can be explained by a larger preferential binding of chloride ions to deoxyhemoglobin in the bovine system. Also, they show that the larger preferential binding may be produced by a decreased affinity of the anions for oxyhemoglobin, thereby stressing the potential relevance of the oxy conformation in regulating the functional properties of the protein. The conformation of the amino-terminal end of the beta subunits appears to regulate the interaction of hemoglobin with solvent components. The pronounced sensitivity of the oxygen affinity of bovine hemoglobin to chloride concentration and to pH suggests that in bovine species these are the modulators of oxygen transport in vivo.
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