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Allworth MB, McQuillan M, McGrath SR, Wilson CS, Hernandez-Jover M. A survey on bloat in southern Australian beef production systems. Aust Vet J 2023; 101:121-126. [PMID: 36544238 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Frothy bloat, associated predominantly with grazing legume-based pastures, is considered the second most costly disease in beef cattle in southern Australia, costing $84.4 M annually. It frequently results in the sudden death of cattle. In response to concerns from cattle producers, an online survey was conducted in southern Australia in late 2020 to determine the impact of bloat, identify risk factors and determine the efficacy of current preventive measures. For 217 responses, over two-thirds (70%) of producers reported bloat occurring in the previous 12 months, with estimated morbidity and mortality rates of 3.7% and 5.0% respectively. Bloat was associated with clover or clover-dominant paddocks (79%) and was not associated with grass or grass-dominant pastures or low clover pastures (92%) nor grazing crops (27%). For bloat that occurred in the past 12 months, cattle were very commonly grazing on clover or clover-dominant paddocks (90%) and occasionally lucerne-dominated paddocks (7%). Two-thirds of producers reported having preventive measures in place when losses occurred. Bayesian Network analysis confirmed that grazing clover-based pastures for more than 7 days, yearling cattle and the months of July-September were the main risk factors for bloat occurrence, with pasture type (clover) being the most important. Conversely, no clear relationship between weather conditions and bloat occurrence was evident. This survey highlights the known risk of clover-based pastures for causing bloat in cattle, and that losses occur in many cases despite preventive measures being used. This suggests that current methods for preventing bloat in cattle are suboptimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Allworth
- Fred Morley Centre, School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.,Gulbali institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M McQuillan
- Fred Morley Centre, School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.,Gulbali institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S R McGrath
- Fred Morley Centre, School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.,Gulbali institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C S Wilson
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Hernandez-Jover
- Gulbali institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Kornbluh AB, Bradstreet LE, Hutchinson ML, Wilson CS. Serial neuropsychological testing in MOG antibody-associated disease to improve understanding of outcomes. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 44:102316. [PMID: 32585614 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Neurocognitive outcomes data in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease are limited. Within MOG-positive cohorts, outcomes data typically utilize gross psychological, cognitive, or physical disability measures. Here, we report a pediatric patient who presented with two clinically heterogeneous events and was found to have MOG-associated encephalomyelitis. We administered detailed neuropsychological test batteries to obtain a robust understanding of the patient's neurocognitive profile over time. This case exemplifies the need to perform systematic and serial neuropsychological testing in patients with MOG-associated disease to better understand neurocognitive outcomes, facilitate multidisciplinary management, and improve recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Kornbluh
- Division of Child Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus 43205, OH, USA.
| | - L E Bradstreet
- Pediatric Psychology and Neuropsychology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M L Hutchinson
- Division of Child Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus 43205, OH, USA
| | - C S Wilson
- Pediatric Psychology and Neuropsychology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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3
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Wilson CS, Brookes VJ, Jenkins DJ. Echinococcus granulosus in the Northern Territory, Australia: hydatid disease reported in beef cattle from the region. Aust Vet J 2020; 98:100-102. [PMID: 32115680 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hydatid disease in beef cattle has been reported to be widespread throughout Australia, but cattle bred and raised in the Northern Territory were previously believed to be free of the disease. Between 2010 and 2016, 1061 cattle from the Northern Territory were slaughtered at a New South Wales abattoir and inspected for hydatid disease. The proportion of cattle reported infected with hydatid disease was 3.5%. Individual cattle identification numbers indicated that the cattle included in the study had most likely remained within the Northern Territory from birth until immediately prior to slaughter, so were assumed to have become infected within the region. We suspect that the sylvatic cycle of Echinococcus granulosus transmission could be responsible for infection of cattle in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Wilson
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2678, Australia.,Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2650, Australia
| | - V J Brookes
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2678, Australia.,Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2650, Australia
| | - D J Jenkins
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2678, Australia.,Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2650, Australia
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4
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Robert C, Wilson CS, Lipton RB, Arreto CD. Parkinson's disease: Evolution of the scientific literature from 1983 to 2017 by countries and journals. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018; 61:10-18. [PMID: 30455157 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study charts the evolution of the scientific literature on Parkinson's disease (PD) from 1983 to 2017 to inform communities of scientists, physicians, patients, caregivers and politicians concerned with PD. Articles published in journals indexed in the Science Citation Index-Expanded database of the Web of Science were retrieved and analyzed in seven five-year periods: 1983-1987, 1988-1992, 1993-1997, 1998-2002, 2003-2007, 2008-2012 and 2013-2017. Over 35 years the number of research papers on PD increased 33-fold: 885 papers in 1983-1987 to 29,972 in 2013-2017. At the same time the number of countries contributing to PD research increased from 37 to 131. The USA was the most prolific country throughout, followed by several European (UK, Germany, Italy and France) and English-speaking (Canada and Australia) countries. By 2003, several Asian countries (China, South Korea, India and Turkey) emerged with rapid increases in publications related to PD. By 2013-2017, China surpassed all but the USA to rank 2nd globally in productivity. Despite an increase from 4 to 22 African countries publishing PD research from 1983 to 2017, most were either unproductive or contributed ≤5 papers in each five-year period. There has also been a 12-fold increase in the number of journals (232-2824) containing papers on PD. In 2013-2017 three PD-focused journals (Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, Movement Disorders and Journal of Parkinson's Disease) contained 6.8% of all PD papers while a large majority (82.5%) of journals published ≤ 10 papers. This quantitative study complements the numerous extant qualitative reviews to provide a global perspective on PD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Robert
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Gliaxone, Saint Germain Sous Doue, France.
| | - C S Wilson
- Formerly at: School of Information Systems, Technology and Management, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - R B Lipton
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - C-D Arreto
- Gliaxone, Saint Germain Sous Doue, France; Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Hôpital Bretonneau, HUPNVS, AP-HP, Paris, France
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Moyo TK, Wilson CS, Moore DJ, Eischen CM. Myc enhances B-cell receptor signaling in precancerous B cells and confers resistance to Btk inhibition. Oncogene 2017; 36:4653-4661. [PMID: 28368423 PMCID: PMC5552428 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the oncogenic transcription factor MYC induces B cell transformation and is a driver for B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). MYC overexpression in B-NHL is associated with more aggressive phenotypes and poor prognosis. Although genomic studies suggest a link between MYC overexpression and B cell receptor (BCR) signaling molecules in B-NHL, signaling pathways essential to Myc-mediated B-cell transformation have not been fully elucidated. We utilized intracellular phospho-flow cytometry to investigate the relationship between Myc and BCR signaling in pre-malignant B cells. Utilizing the Eμ-myc mouse model, where Myc is overexpressed specifically in B cells, both basal and stimulated BCR signaling were increased in precancerous B lymphocytes from Eμ-myc mice compared to wild-type littermates. B cells overexpressing Myc displayed constitutively higher levels of activated CD79α, Btk, Plcγ2, and Erk1/2. Notably, Myc overexpressing B cells maintained elevated BCR signaling despite treatment with ibrutinib, a Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Furthermore, PI3K/Akt pathway signaling was also increased in Eμ-myc B cells, and this increase was partially suppressed with ibrutinib. Additionally, experiments with Btk-null B cells revealed off-target effects of ibrutinib on BCR signaling. Our data show that in pre-malignant B cells, Myc overexpression is sufficient to activate BCR and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways and further enhances signaling following BCR ligation. Therefore, our results indicate precancerous B cells have already acquired enhanced survival and growth capabilities prior to transformation, and that elevated MYC levels confer resistance to pharmacologic inhibitors of BCR signaling, which has significant implications for B-NHL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Moyo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - C S Wilson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - D J Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - C M Eischen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Purdy PH, Wilson CS, Spiller SF, Blackburn HD. Biobanking genetic resources: challenges and implementation at the USDA National Animal Germplasm Program. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 28:RD15399. [PMID: 26678540 DOI: 10.1071/rd15399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is adequate infrastructure in the US to identify and acquire germplasm from the major beef and dairy cattle and swine breeds. However, when we venture outside these species, the same tasks become more difficult because of a lack of breed associations, databases that include genotypic and phenotypic data and low numbers of animals. Furthermore, acquisition of germplasm from non-cattle and non-swine species can be difficult because these animals are often not located near the National Animal Germplasm Program, which makes collection and preservation of the samples in a timely manner that much more complicated. This problem is compounded because not all preservation protocols are optimised for field collection conditions or for all types of germplasm. Since 1999, the USDA National Animal Germplasm Program has worked to overcome these obstacles by developing policies, procedures and techniques in order to create a germplasm repository for all agricultural species (wild and domesticated) in the US. Herein, we describe these activities and illustrate them via a case study on how our efforts collecting Navajo-Churro sheep have created a secure backup of germplasm and how we specifically overcome these issues as they relate to rare and minor breeds of agricultural species.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This session of the 2013 Society of Hematopathology/European Association for Haematopathology workshop focused on extramedullary manifestations of myeloid neoplasms. METHODS We divided the submitted cases into four subgroups: (1) isolated myeloid sarcoma (MS); (2) MS with concurrent acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with a focus on karyotypic and molecular findings; (3) extramedullary relapse of AML, including relapse in the posttransplant setting; and (4) blast phase/transformation of a myeloproliferative neoplasm or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. RESULTS Establishing a diagnosis of isolated MS requires a high index of suspicion and use of immunophenotypic methods. Recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities or gene mutations that occur in MS mirror those known to occur in AML. CONCLUSIONS In the era of targeted therapy and sophisticated risk stratification, every attempt must be made to perform a complete workup on MS cases (or concurrent AML) since the diagnosis of MS, in itself, is no longer adequate for patient management. Cases of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm were also included and discussed in this session.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla S. Wilson
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque
| | - L. Jeffrey Medeiros
- The Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
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8
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Insuasti-Beltran G, Gale JM, Wilson CS, Foucar K, Czuchlewski DR. Significance ofMYD88L265P Mutation Status in the Subclassification of Low-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma/Leukemia. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2015; 139:1035-41. [DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2014-0322-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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Pullarkat ST, Pullarkat V, Kroft SH, Wilson CS, Ahsanuddin AN, Mann KP, Thein M, Grody WW, Brynes RK. Systemic mastocytosis associated with t(8;21)(q22;q22) acute myeloid leukemia. J Hematop 2009; 2:27-33. [PMID: 19669220 PMCID: PMC2713498 DOI: 10.1007/s12308-009-0023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although KIT mutations are present in 20–25% of cases of t(8;21)(q22;q22) acute myeloid leukemia (AML), concurrent development of systemic mastocytosis (SM) is exceedingly rare. We examined the clinicopathologic features of SM associated with t(8;21)(q22;q22) AML in ten patients (six from our institutions and four from published literature) with t(8;21) AML and SM. In the majority of these cases, a definitive diagnosis of SM was made after chemotherapy, when the mast cell infiltrates were prominent. Deletion 9q was an additional cytogenetic abnormality in four cases. Four of the ten patients failed to achieve remission after standard chemotherapy and seven of the ten patients have died of AML. In the two patients who achieved durable remission after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant, recipient-derived neoplastic bone marrow mast cells persisted despite leukemic remission. SM associated with t(8;21) AML carries a dismal prognosis; therefore, detection of concurrent SM at diagnosis of t(8;21) AML has important prognostic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeja T Pullarkat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS, A7-149, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1732, USA,
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11
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Hunt KE, Reichard KK, Wilson CS. Mantle cell lymphoma lacking the t(11;14) translocation: a case report and brief review of the literature. J Clin Pathol 2008; 61:869-70. [DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2007.048629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Martin SB, Mosquera-Caro MP, Potter JW, Davidson GS, Andries E, Kang H, Helman P, Veroff RL, Atlas SR, Murphy M, Wang X, Ar K, Xu Y, Chen IM, Schultz FA, Wilson CS, Harvey R, Bedrick E, Shuster J, Carroll AJ, Camitta B, Willman CL. Gene expression overlap affects karyotype prediction in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2007; 21:1341-4. [PMID: 17410195 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Abstract
Hemoglobin Chico is a rare hemoglobinopathy characterized by low oxygen affinity and a right-shifted oxygen dissociation curve. Detailed clinical evaluations of affected individuals have not been previously reported. We therefore report on the clinical features of Hemoglobin Chico in a Latino male living at high altitude, who desired to participate in school sports. As a young boy with asthma, he had the unusual finding of growth delay and digital clubbing which improved with asthma control. At 16 years of age, he had mild anemia and a decreased pulse oximetry (83%) but sufficient pulmonary reserve to participate in physically demanding activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindi R Starkey
- Department of Pathology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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14
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Starkey CR, Corn AI, Porensky RS, Viswanatha D, Wilson CS. Peripheral T-cell lymphoma with extensive dendritic cell network mimicking follicular dendritic cell tumor: a case report with pathologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular findings. Am J Clin Pathol 2006; 126:230-4. [PMID: 16891198 DOI: 10.1309/q1yk-au1x-xen3-nvkq] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) with a nodular pattern of growth is uncommon and may be misdiagnosed initially as a B-cell lymphoma or reactive process. We report a case of a rapidly growing PTCL with a distinctly nodular pattern in an axillary lymph node from an 89-year-old man. Immunohistochemical stains for CD21, CD23, and CD35 highlighted an extensive dendritic cell network that imparted the nodular appearance and, in addition, was associated intimately with the neoplastic cells. The neoplastic cells otherwise had an immunophenotype similar to previously reported cases of PTCL with a nodular pattern and germinal center origin (CD3+, CD4+, CD5+, bcl-6+, CD31+, subset CD10+, subset CXCL13+, and subset CD79a+). Molecular studies confirm a clonal T-cell receptor g gene rearrangement. This case emphasizes unusual morphologic features in a PTCL that may be mistaken for follicular lymphoma or a tumor of follicular dendritic cell origin.
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MESH Headings
- Aged, 80 and over
- Axilla
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Dendritic Cells, Follicular/chemistry
- Dendritic Cells, Follicular/pathology
- Dendritic Cells, Follicular/virology
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/pathology
- Fatal Outcome
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Immunophenotyping
- In Situ Hybridization
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/chemistry
- Lymphoma, Follicular/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/chemistry
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/virology
- Male
- RNA, Viral/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindi R Starkey
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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15
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Starkey CR, Corn AI, Porensky RS, Viswanatha D, Wilson CS. Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma With Extensive Dendritic Cell Network Mimicking Follicular Dendritic Cell Tumor. Am J Clin Pathol 2006. [DOI: 10.1309/q1ykau1xxen3nvkq] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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16
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Cushing T, Clericuzio CL, Wilson CS, Taub JW, Ge Y, Reichard KK, Winter SS. Risk for leukemia in infants without Down syndrome who have transient myeloproliferative disorder. J Pediatr 2006; 148:687-9. [PMID: 16737888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2005] [Revised: 10/25/2005] [Accepted: 12/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) occurs in 10% of infants with Down syndrome (DS). Down syndrome infants with resolved TMD may later develop acute megakaryocytic leukemia (AMKL). In these patients, AMKL is associated with somatic mutations in the X-linked transcription factor gene, GATA1. AMKL also has been described after TMD in children without DS. We report on a non-DS child identified with trisomy 21 mosaicism and a GATA1 mutation in the original blast cells who has been followed for 2 years without exhibiting AMKL. Currently, the risk for such infants developing acute leukemia is uncertain. We recommend that nondysmorphic infants with TMD undergo chromosome analysis for trisomy 21 and testing for GATA1 mutations to aid surveillance for leukemic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cushing
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
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17
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Kamble R, Wilson CS, Fassas A, Desikan R, Siegel DS, Tricot G, Anderson P, Sawyer J, Anaissie E, Barlogie B. Malignant pleural effusion of multiple myeloma: prognostic factors and outcome. Leuk Lymphoma 2006; 46:1137-42. [PMID: 16085553 DOI: 10.1080/10428190500102845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) in multiple myeloma (MM) is rare. Approximately 80 cases have been reported. To delineate optimal treatment and prognostic variables in these patients, we reviewed 11 MM patients with MPE. MPE developed at median of 12 months from diagnosis of MM. All the patients had high-risk disease based on complex karyotypic abnormalities including deletions of chromosome-13 (n=9), elevated beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) (n=9), high C-reactive protein (CRP) (n=8), high plasma cell labeling index (n=5) or high LDH (n=5). A significant increase in B2M, LDH, and CRP was observed at the onset of MPE. The initial diagnosis of MPE was based on positive cytology (n=9), pleural fluid cIg/DNA (n=9) or pleural fluid cytogenetics (n=4). Pleural tissue infiltration was found on pleural biopsy and autopsy in one patient each. Systemic chemotherapy comprising dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide, etoposide and cisplatin (DCEP) (n=7) and pleurodesis (n=7) were effective in resolving MPE but survival was short. High dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell support for MPE in six patients conferred no clear survival advantage. These patients died at median of four months from onset of MPE. Patients with bone marrow complex karyotypic abnormalities including deletion-13 (n=9) had a shorter (median--18 months) overall survival compared to patients with normal cytogenetics (median--38 months). MPE in patients with MM is often associated with high-risk disease including deletion 13 chromosomal abnormality and heralds a poor prognosis despite aggressive local and systemic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kamble
- Hematology-Oncology Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
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18
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Wilson CS, Davidson GS, Martin SB, Andries E, Potter J, Harvey R, Ar K, Xu Y, Kopecky KJ, Ankerst DP, Gundacker H, Slovak ML, Mosquera-Caro M, Chen IM, Stirewalt DL, Murphy M, Schultz FA, Kang H, Wang X, Radich JP, Appelbaum FR, Atlas SR, Godwin J, Willman CL. Gene expression profiling of adult acute myeloid leukemia identifies novel biologic clusters for risk classification and outcome prediction. Blood 2006; 108:685-96. [PMID: 16597596 PMCID: PMC1895492 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-12-4633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine whether gene expression profiling could improve risk classification and outcome prediction in older acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, expression profiles were obtained in pretreatment leukemic samples from 170 patients whose median age was 65 years. Unsupervised clustering methods were used to classify patients into 6 cluster groups (designated A to F) that varied significantly in rates of resistant disease (RD; P < .001), complete response (CR; P = .023), and disease-free survival (DFS; P = .023). Cluster A (n = 24), dominated by NPM1 mutations (78%), normal karyotypes (75%), and genes associated with signaling and apoptosis, had the best DFS (27%) and overall survival (OS; 25% at 5 years). Patients in clusters B (n = 22) and C (n = 31) had the worst OS (5% and 6%, respectively); cluster B was distinguished by the highest rate of RD (77%) and multidrug resistant gene expression (ABCG2, MDR1). Cluster D was characterized by a "proliferative" gene signature with the highest proportion of detectable cytogenetic abnormalities (76%; including 83% of all favorable and 34% of unfavorable karyotypes). Cluster F (n = 33) was dominated by monocytic leukemias (97% of cases), also showing increased NPM1 mutations (61%). These gene expression signatures provide insights into novel groups of AML not predicted by traditional studies that impact prognosis and potential therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla S Wilson
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico (UNM), Albuquerque, 87131, USA
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Pai RK, Snider WK, Starkey CR, Viswanatha D, Foucar MK, Wilson CS. Nonsecretory variant of immunoproliferative small intestinal disease: a case report with pathologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular findings. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2006; 129:1487-90. [PMID: 16253033 DOI: 10.5858/2005-129-1487-nvoisi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of the nonsecretory variant of immunoproliferative small intestinal disease involving the distal small bowel and the mesenteric and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in a 19-year-old woman from Mexico. This variant extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma appeared similar in the different sites of involvement, with more interspersed large cells and greater plasmacytic differentiation present in intestinal specimens. Characteristic lymphoepithelial lesions and follicular colonization were seen in intestinal and lymph node sections, respectively. The neoplastic B cells were cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (Ig) A heavy-chain restricted and lacked surface and cytoplasmic light-chain expression by flow cytometric analysis. Serum and urine protein electrophoresis/immunofixation revealed hypogammaglobulinemia with no paraprotein. Molecular studies showed absence of immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IgH) gene rearrangement, with a nonfunctional clonotypic rearrangement of the kappa light-chain gene. This case highlights the role for kappa light-chain gene evaluation in immunoproliferative small intestinal disease, because IgH gene rearrangement analysis is often negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetesh K Pai
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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20
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Reichard KK, Burks EJ, Foucar MK, Wilson CS, Viswanatha DS, Hozier JC, Larson RS. CD4(+) CD56(+) Lineage-Negative Malignancies Are Rare Tumors of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. Am J Surg Pathol 2005; 29:1274-83. [PMID: 16160468 DOI: 10.1097/01.pas.0000172194.32918.5c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
CD4(+) CD56(+) lineage-negative malignancies are difficult to diagnose and classify. Recent studies have suggested that these malignancies may derive from plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). In this report, we examine 10 cases of CD4+, CD56+ lineage-negative malignancies that presented in various tissue sites. The goal was to identify the morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genotypic findings to devise a diagnostic approach to tissue biopsies of these lesions and to confirm the proposed cell of origin. The mean age was 66 years (range, 45-80 years) with a male predominance (8 males/2 females). Frequent sites of disease included skin (60%) and peripheral blood/bone marrow (70%). Tumor cells were positive for CD45, CD43, CD4, and CD56 (9 of 10). The pDC markers, CD123 (9 of 10) and CD45RA (10 of 10), were detected by immunoperoxidase staining. Also noted was CD2 positivity (1 case), weak CD7 positivity (4 of 8 cases), weak CD33 (4 of 9 cases), TdT (2 cases), and CD68 (2 cases). All cases were otherwise negative for EBV (EBER), B-cell, T-cell, myeloid, and NK cell markers. T-cell receptor-gamma gene rearrangement was negative in all cases. Complex structural chromosomal abnormalities were seen in 3 of 5 cases, a subset of which may be recurrent in pDC malignancy. Overall prognosis was poor despite multiagent chemotherapy and/or radiation. Our study confirms that CD4+/CD56+ lineage-negative tumors are derived from pDC and have characteristic clinical, histopathologic, and immunophenotypic features. Furthermore, these rare neoplasms can be readily diagnosed using recently developed immunoperoxidase techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaaren K Reichard
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, 2325 Camino de Salud, Albuquerque, NM 87112, USA
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21
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Wilson CS. The plasma cell dyscrasias. Cancer Treat Res 2004; 121:113-44. [PMID: 15217208 DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-7920-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla S Wilson
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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22
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Abstract
Bone marrow aspirates from 306 patients with multiple myeloma were analyzed by flow cytometric immunophenotyping. The plasma cells (PCs) were identified by their characteristic light scatter distribution and reactivity patterns to CD138, CD38, and CD45. Monoclonality was confirmed by immunoglobulin light chain analysis. The immunophenotypic profile of the PCs was determined with a panel of antibodies. Moderate to bright expression of CD56, CD117, CD20, CD45, and CD52 was detected in 71.7%, 17.8%, 9.3%, 8.8%, and 5.2% of cases, respectively. These antigens were expressed by a distinct subpopulation of the PCs in 6.3%, 2.2%, 3.7%, 2.9%, and 2.6% of additional cases. CD19 was negative in more than 99% of cases. The combination of CD38 and CD138 was superior to CD38 alone for identifying CD45+ myeloma and separating CD20+ myeloma from B-cell lymphoma. PC immunophenotyping might be useful for detecting minimal residual disease in cases with aberrant antigen expression and for selection of therapeutic agents that have specific membrane targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
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24
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Abstract
Bone marrow aspirates from 306 patients with multiple myeloma were analyzed by flow cytometric immunophenotyping. The plasma cells (PCs) were identified by their characteristic light scatter distribution and reactivity patterns to CD138, CD38, and CD45. Monoclonality was confirmed by immunoglobulin light chain analysis. The immunophenotypic profile of the PCs was determined with a panel of antibodies. Moderate to bright expression of CD56, CD117, CD20, CD45, and CD52 was detected in 71.7%, 17.8%, 9.3%, 8.8%, and 5.2% of cases, respectively. These antigens were expressed by a distinct subpopulation of the PCs in 6.3%, 2.2%, 3.7%, 2.9%, and 2.6% of additional cases. CD19 was negative in more than 99% of cases. The combination of CD38 and CD138 was superior to CD38 alone for identifying CD45+ myeloma and separating CD20+ myeloma from B-cell lymphoma. PC immunophenotyping might be useful for detecting minimal residual disease in cases with aberrant antigen expression and for selection of therapeutic agents that have specific membrane targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
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25
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Lin P, Bueso-Ramos C, Wilson CS, Mansoor A, Medeiros LJ. Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia involving extramedullary sites: morphologic and immunophenotypic findings in 44 patients. Am J Surg Pathol 2003; 27:1104-13. [PMID: 12883242 DOI: 10.1097/00000478-200308000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) is a clinicopathologic syndrome in which a B-cell neoplasm involving the bone marrow, usually lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL), is associated with immunoglobulin M paraprotein in the serum. Extramedullary involvement occurs in a subset of patients and is infrequently examined histologically. The files of M.D. Anderson Cancer Center were searched for patients with WM who underwent biopsy of one or more extramedullary sites during the course of disease. Each biopsy specimen was classified using the criteria of the World Health Organization classification. The study group consisted of 44 patients (26 men and 18 women), with a total of 51 specimens obtained from lymph nodes (n = 36), soft tissue (n = 4), spleen (n = 3), skin (n = 2), lung (n = 2), tonsils (n = 1), colon (n = 1), liver (n = 1), and gallbladder (n = 1). Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma was the most common histologic type, in 40 (78%) samples. This category was morphologically heterogeneous and was further subclassified as lymphoplasmacytic (n = 21), lymphoplasmacytoid (n = 18), and polymorphous (n = 1). Four of these LPL cases morphologically resembled marginal zone B-cell lymphoma. Four additional samples were involved by diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, probably transformed from LPL. Three more samples were involved by LPL with unusual features: two were CD5-positive and one was a composite tumor with classical Hodgkin's disease. Other categories of lymphoma in this group of patients with WM included small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia (n = 2), mantle cell lymphoma (n = 1), and follicular lymphoma (n = 1). Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia is most commonly associated with LPL but can rarely occur with other types of B-cell lymphoma. Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma in patients with WM is morphologically heterogeneous and can be indistinguishable from marginal zone B-cell lymphoma. CD5+ B-cell lymphomas with features otherwise typical of LPL are rare, and we think these tumors are part of the spectrum of LPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Lin
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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26
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Pullarkat VA, Bueso-Ramos C, Lai R, Kroft S, Wilson CS, Pullarkat ST, Bu X, Thein M, Lee M, Brynes RK. Systemic mastocytosis with associated clonal hematological non-mast-cell lineage disease: analysis of clinicopathologic features and activating c-kit mutations. Am J Hematol 2003; 73:12-7. [PMID: 12701114 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.10322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The majority of patients with systemic mastocytosis with associated clonal, hematological non-mast cell lineage disease (SM-AHNMD) have a myeloid stem cell malignancy including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative disorders, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), or chronic myeloproliferative disease. The clinicopathologic features of SM-AHNMD have not been fully characterized. We describe seven cases of this entity: 3 with MDS, 3 with AML, and 1 with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. In the majority of cases, SM was diagnosed concurrently with the myeloid malignancy and aberrant mast cell morphology was observed. The commonly described c-kit enzymatic site mutation Asp816Val was detected only in 2 cases, while 3 patients carried the Asp816His mutation. Among the 3 cases with AML, 2 patients carried the translocation t(8;21). On the basis of our results and other reported cases, there appears to be a specific association between SM and AML with t(8;21). Concurrent occurrence of SM may define a subset of patients with de novo AML and other myeloid malignancies who have an adverse prognosis. As clinically effective tyrosine kinase inhibitors that inhibit enzymatic-type c-kit mutations are being developed, detection of mast cell proliferation associated with myeloid malignancy may have important therapeutic implications.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts/genetics
- Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts/pathology
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8
- Female
- Gene Deletion
- Hematologic Diseases/genetics
- Hematologic Diseases/pathology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic/pathology
- Male
- Mast Cells/pathology
- Mastocytosis, Systemic/genetics
- Mastocytosis, Systemic/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod A Pullarkat
- Division of Hematology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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27
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Abstract
Short tandem repeats (STRs) are highly polymorphic DNA sequences in the human genome. STR genotype analysis is used for human identity testing and to monitor bone marrow engraftment after allogeneic transplantation. Engraftment analysis requires one or more informative STR loci that distinguish recipient from donor. The following case illustrates that chromosome loss in tumor cells during the course of disease may cause corresponding loss of an STR locus. This circumstance is a potential source of error in the interpretation of engraftment analysis, especially if only one informative allele is used to monitor engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Schichman
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock 72205, USA.
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28
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Bayer-Garner IB, Sanderson RD, Dhodapkar MV, Owens RB, Wilson CS. Syndecan-1 (CD138) immunoreactivity in bone marrow biopsies of multiple myeloma: shed syndecan-1 accumulates in fibrotic regions. Mod Pathol 2001; 14:1052-8. [PMID: 11598177 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3880435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Syndecan-1 (CD138) mediates myeloma cell adhesion, and loss of syndecan-1 from the cell surface may contribute to myeloma proliferation and dissemination. Flow cytometry analysis of myeloma cells in bone marrow specimens shows heterogeneity in cell surface syndecan-1 expression. It is not known whether weaker expression correlates with more aggressive disease. However, recent reports suggest that variations in syndecan-1 staining intensity on myeloma cells may be an artifact of specimen handling. In this study, we evaluate syndecan-1 expression in bone marrow biopsy sections from 28 multiple myeloma patients, to elucidate the heterogeneity of syndecan-1 expression in situ. Immunoreactivity for syndecan-1, using the antibody B-B4 (CD138), was found in more than 95% of multiple myeloma cells in 27 of 28 biopsies. However, one biopsy had more than 50% CD138-negative cells and cells with weak CD138 expression were identified in the majority of cases. Loss of syndecan-1 did not appear to relate to myeloma cell differentiation. In addition, syndecan-1 was detected on intravascular and intrasinusoidal myeloma cells suggesting that loss of syndecan-1 may not be required for extramedullary dissemination. Bone marrow biopsies from nine additional patients, with variable CD138 staining intensity on myeloma cells as determined by flow cytometry, were studied by immunohistochemistry. The heterogeneous CD138 expression was confirmed in situ, with weakly positive cells concentrated in areas of reticulin fibrosis. These cells had a disrupted pattern of membrane staining in contrast to the strong linear membrane staining seen in the other multiple myeloma cells. In addition, the fibrotic stroma stained intensely for syndecan-1. Accumulation of syndecan-1 within the extracellular matrix of the marrow likely is derived by shedding of the molecule from the surface of myeloma cells. Because syndecan-1 can act to regulate the activity of heparan-binding growth factors, these reservoirs of syndecan-1 may play a critical role in promoting myeloma pathogenesis, or in regeneration of the tumor after chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I B Bayer-Garner
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA.
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29
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Wilson CS, Medeiros LJ, Lai R, Butch AW, McCourty A, Kelly K, Brynes RK. DNA topoisomerase IIalpha in multiple myeloma: a marker of cell proliferation and not drug resistance. Mod Pathol 2001; 14:886-91. [PMID: 11557785 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3880407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
DNA topoisomerase IIalpha (topo IIalpha) is the target for a number of antineoplastic agents. Down-regulation of this enzyme is one form of drug resistance. Topo IIalpha is also involved in DNA replication and transcription and serves as an indicator of proliferation rate in many human malignancies. This study examines whether topo IIalpha is one of the mechanisms of chemoresistance commonly observed in multiple myeloma (MM) or alternatively, whether topo IIalpha is associated with tumor cell proliferation. Bone marrow (BM) biopsy sections from 72 cases of MM, stratified according to proliferative activity (bromodeoxyuridine uptake), were immunostained for topo IIalpha. Immunoreactivity with an additional marker of drug resistance, glutathione-S-transferase pi, and the proliferation marker Ki-67 were also examined. Topo IIalpha was expressed in 26 (36%) cases and correlated strongly with proliferative activity (P <.001). A role for drug resistance could not be supported, given this strong relationship with proliferation and the finding that glutathione-S-transferase pi expression in 57 (78%) cases was independent of topo IIalpha immunoreactivity. Topo IIalpha was identified in 91 to 100% of highly proliferative tumors, as evaluated by bromodeoxyuridine uptake or Ki-67 reactivity, respectively. Proliferation also correlated with the histologic grade of the MM. Therefore, topo IIalpha immunoreactivity is primarily a marker of cell proliferation in MM and as such is likely to have prognostic significance. Highly proliferative tumors are most likely to be sensitive to chemotherapeutic protocols using anti-topo IIalpha agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Wilson
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
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30
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Mukunyadzi P, Bardales RH, Wilson CS, Sawyer JR, Stanley MW. Soft tissue masses in patients with multiple myeloma: a fine-needle aspiration study of 30 cases with flow cytometry and clinical correlation. Cancer 2001; 93:257-62. [PMID: 11507699 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.9039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To the authors' knowledge, the prognostic significance of plasma cell cytology in soft tissue (ST) masses from patients with multiple myeloma (MM) is unknown. Myeloma patients usually are monitored by bone marrow (BM) aspirates and biopsies to assess plasma cell differentiation, tumor burden, and response to treatment. Monitoring of ST lesions by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is not performed routinely. The objective of the current study was to examine ST masses in MM patients using FNA and to classify and determine the prognostic significance of MM in these lesions based on cytologic features. METHODS FNAs of 30 ST masses from 27 patients with a history of MM were examined for disease involvement. In the patients with MM, the cytologic features were evaluated and the lesions were graded as low grade, intermediate grade, or high grade based on the classification of Bartl et al. for MM in BM specimens. Concurrent BM samples as well as cytogenetic and flow cytometric results also were reviewed. RESULTS Twenty-seven of the FNA specimens (90%) were positive for MM, and three specimens (10%) were negative (one case each of lipoma, keratinous cyst, and aspergillosis). Among the MM cases, 5 (18.5%) were low grade, 15 (55.6%) were intermediate grade, and 7 (25.9%) were high grade (blastic MM). Simultaneous BM involvement was present in 23.5% of low-grade MM (4 of 17 cases), 35.3% of intermediate-grade MM (6 of 17 cases), and 71% of high-grade MM (5 of 7 cases). Clinically, 10 of 24 patients (42%) died within 9 months (median, 2 months). Patients with high-grade myeloma (blastic MM) in ST masses appeared to have worse survival; 43% (3 of 7 patients) died by a median time of 2 months, compared with 12% of patients with low-grade and intermediate-grade MM (2 of 17 patients). CONCLUSIONS FNA of ST masses appears to improve the management of MM patients by providing diagnostic material, samples for ancillary studies, and prognostic information. ST MM can be classified reliably into grades of prognostic significance utilizing the classification of Bartl et al. Intermediate-grade MM was the most frequent subtype present in ST masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mukunyadzi
- Department of Pathology, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA.
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31
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Wilson CS, Butch AW, Lai R, Medeiros LJ, Sawyer JR, Barlogie B, McCourty A, Kelly K, Brynes RK. Cyclin D1 and E2F-1 immunoreactivity in bone marrow biopsy specimens of multiple myeloma: relationship to proliferative activity, cytogenetic abnormalities and DNA ploidy. Br J Haematol 2001; 112:776-82. [PMID: 11260083 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.02499.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin D1, encoded by the CCND1 gene, is immunohistochemically detectable in up to one-third of cases of multiple myeloma (MM). To examine the mechanism of cyclin D1 overexpression, we compared cyclin D1 immunoreactivity with the results of conventional cytogenetics to determine if the t(11;14)(q13;q32) or other abnormalities of 11q11-14 explained cyclin D1 overexpression. Karyotypic abnormalities were found in 45 out of 67 (67%) MM cases; the t(11;14) was present in seven cases (10%). Additional 11q11-14 abnormalities were not identified. The t(11;14) correlated with cyclin D1 upregulation in low to intermediately proliferative MM, but was not present in highly proliferative tumours (assessed using bromodeoxyuridine labelling index). Cyclin D1 indirectly activates the transcription factor E2F-1. In the bone marrow biopsy specimens of MM cases, E2F-1 was concurrently expressed with cyclin D1 (P = 0.001), indicating that cyclin D1 is functional. However, as neither E2F-1 nor cyclin D1 expression correlated with proliferative activity, the speculation that t(11;14) upregulates the CCND1 gene to induce higher proliferation and possibly more aggressive disease is not supported. We conclude that in low to intermediately proliferative MM cases, cyclin D1 is probably upregulated by t(11;14), but an alternative mechanism is more probable in highly proliferative MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Wilson
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Mail Slot 502, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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Abstract
Identifying malignant plasma cells in body fluids from multiple myeloma patients is important for therapeutic and prognostic considerations. This can be difficult when plasma cells are mature in appearance or low in number. We examined the cytological and flow cytometric findings of myelomatous pleural and pericardial effusions from 8 patients with advanced multiple myeloma. Cytoplasmic immunoglobulin light chain excess vs. DNA ploidy in the plasma-cell population was evaluated by flow cytometry (FCM). The cytology smears of one pericardial and 14 pleural effusions from the 8 patients were reviewed. Screening Papanicolaou-stained smears facilitated the detection of malignant nuclear features; however, morphology of plasma cells was best seen in Diff-Quik-stained smears. Low cellularity and inadequate air-drying of smears accounted for the false-negative cytology seen in two fluids from a single patient. A malignant plasma cell population was identified in 9 of 10 fluids submitted for FCM, including the two fluids with negative cytology. The false-negative FCM was from a suboptimal specimen with high background staining. Six fluids had an aneuploid DNA content, and four were diploid. A combination of Papanicolaou- and Diff-Quik-stained smears is recommended for the evaluation of plasma cells in effusions from patients with multiple myeloma. Cytology and flow cytometry confirmed malignancy in 87% and 90% of fluids evaluated, respectively; all cases were diagnosed by either one or both methods. Our results suggest that FCM and cytology of serous effusions in multiple myeloma patients are complementary and should be used in difficult cases. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2000;22:147-151.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Palmer
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA.
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Yue W, Pittman S, Wilson CS. Selection of useful links for an Australian Medical Association Web site. Bull Med Libr Assoc 1999; 87:343-6. [PMID: 10427437 PMCID: PMC226595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W Yue
- School of Information, Library and Archive Studies, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Wilson CS, Moser JM, Altman JD, Jensen PE, Lukacher AE. Cross-recognition of two middle T protein epitopes by immunodominant polyoma virus-specific CTL. J Immunol 1999; 162:3933-41. [PMID: 10201912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
We recently identified the immunodominant epitope for polyoma virus-specific CTL as the Dk-associated peptide MT389-397 derived from the middle T (MT) viral oncoprotein. Another Dk-restricted peptide corresponding to residues 236-244 of MT was recognized by nearly all MT389-397-reactive CTL clones, but required concentrations at least 2 logs higher to sensitize syngeneic target cells for lysis. Except for identity at the three putative Dk-peptide anchor residues, MT236-244 shares no homology with MT389-397. Using a novel europium-based class I MHC-peptide binding immunoassay, we determined that MT236-244 bound Dk 2-3 logs less well than MT389-397. Infection with a mutant polyoma virus whose MT is truncated just before the MT389-397 epitope or immunization with MT389-397 or MT236-244 peptides elicited CTL that recognized both MT389-397 and MT236-244. Importantly, infection with a polyoma virus lacking MT389-397 and mutated in an MT236-244 Dk anchor position induced polyoma virus-specific CTL recognizing neither MT389-397 nor MT236-244 epitopes. Despite predominant usage of the Vbeta6 gene segment, MT389-397/MT236-244 cross-reactive CTL clones possess diverse complementarity-determining region 3beta domains; this is functionally reflected in their heterogeneous recognition patterns of alanine-monosubstituted MT389-397 peptides. Using Dk/MT389-397 tetramers, we directly visualized MT236-244 peptide-induced TCR down-modulation of virtually all MT389-397-specific CD8+ T cells freshly explanted from polyoma-infected mice, suggesting that a single TCR recognizes both Dk-restricted epitopes. The availability of immunodominant epitope-specific CTL capable of recognizing a second epitope in MT, a viral protein essential for tumorigenesis, may serve to amplify the CTL response to the immunodominant epitope and prevent the emergence of immunodominant epitope-loss viruses and virus-induced tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/chemistry
- Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/genetics
- Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Immunodominant Epitopes/genetics
- Immunodominant Epitopes/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Mimicry/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Polyomavirus/genetics
- Polyomavirus/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Wilson
- Department of Pathology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Wilson
- University of Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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36
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Lai R, Arber DA, Chang KL, Wilson CS, Weiss LM. Frequency of bcl-2 expression in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a study of 778 cases with comparison of marginal zone lymphoma and monocytoid B-cell hyperplasia. Mod Pathol 1998; 11:864-9. [PMID: 9758366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The oncoprotein, bcl-2, is expressed in various types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Immunodetection of this protein is a useful method for distinguishing follicular hyperplasia from follicular lymphoma. Although bcl-2 might also be a useful marker for distinguishing reactive monocytoid B-cell hyperplasia from its putative malignant counterpart, marginal zone lymphoma, there were no extensive studies to date that tested this. Therefore, we performed a survey of bcl-2 expression in 778 cases of NHL using immunohistochemical techniques applied to routinely processed and paraffin-embedded tissues. Of 20 reactive monocytoid B-cell hyperplasias, none were bcl-2 positive, compared with 118 (79%) of 150 marginal zone lymphomas (P = .001). With respect to the follicular lymphomas in our study, of the 110 Grade I lymphomas, 107 (97%) were bcl-2 positive, 119 (83%) of the 143 Grade II lymphomas were positive, and 71 (74%) of the 96 Grade III lymphomas were positive. The bcl-2 positivity of Burkitt-like high-grade B-cell lymphoma was significantly different from that of Burkitt's lymphoma (4 [67%] of 6 vs. 0 of 5; P = .02). T-cell NHL had a significantly lower bcl-2 positivity than did B-cell NHL (10 [45%] of 22 vs. 627 [83%] of 756; P = .0001). Therefore, bcl-2 is a highly sensitive marker for follicular lymphoma and a useful marker for distinguishing reactive monocytoid B-cell hyperplasia from marginal zone lymphoma The significant difference in bcl-2 positivity between Burkitt-like high-grade B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt's lymphoma suggests an additional diagnostic use for this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lai
- Division of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
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Lai R, Medeiros LJ, Wilson CS, Sun NC, Koo C, McCourty A, Brynes RK. Expression of the cell-cycle-related proteins E2F-1, p53, mdm-2, p21waf-1, and Ki-67 in multiple myeloma: correlation with cyclin-D1 immunoreactivity. Mod Pathol 1998; 11:642-7. [PMID: 9688185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 30% of multiple myelomas (MMs) express cyclin D1 when assessed using immunohistochemical techniques. Cyclin D1 expression correlates with greater tumor burden in MM, because cyclin D1-positive cases are more frequently associated with extensive bone marrow involvement, i.e., high pathologic stage, than are cyclin D1-negative cases. The mechanisms that explain this association are unknown. To explore other differences between cyclin D1-positive and cyclin D1-negative MMs, we assessed 59 MMs immunohistochemically for several G1 cell-cycle regulatory proteins, including cyclin D1, E2F-1, p53, mdm-2, and p21waf-1, using routinely fixed and processed, paraffin-embedded bone marrow specimens. Twenty MMs (34%) were cyclin D1 positive, and 39 (66%) were cyclin D1 negative. Eighteen (90%) of 20 cyclin D1-positive MMs were Stage III, in contrast to 19 (49%) of 39 cyclin D1-negative MMs (P = .003). Cyclin D1-positive MMs were more likely to express E2F-1 (16/20 vs. 4/39, P < .001), p53 (11/20 vs. 10/39, P = .041), and p21waf-1 (12/20 vs. 7/39, P = .003). There was no significant difference in mdm-2 expression between these groups. We also assessed proliferation rate using an antibody specific for the Ki-67 antigen. A relatively high percentage (> 20%) of Ki-67-positive cells was found in cyclin D1-positive MMs compared with cyclin D1-negative MMs (13/20 vs. 3/39, P < 0.001). These results suggest that cyclin D1-positive MMs are more likely to possess additional derangements involving other G1 cell-cycle regulatory proteins. We speculate that these abnormalities might result in increased proliferation, thereby explaining the correlation between cyclin D1 expression and greater tumor burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lai
- Division of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
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Zent CS, Wilson CS, Tricot G, Jagannath S, Siegel D, Desikan KR, Munshi N, Bracy D, Barlogie B, Butch AW. Oligoclonal protein bands and Ig isotype switching in multiple myeloma treated with high-dose therapy and hematopoietic cell transplantation. Blood 1998; 91:3518-23. [PMID: 9558413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is usually characterized by production of a single serum monoclonal protein of constant isotype and light-chain restriction. Multiple Ig isotypes and isotype switches, which are rare in untreated patients, are reported to be more common in patients undergoing myeloablative therapy. These additional protein bands, detected by immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE), could be due to altered paraprotein production by the malignant plasma cell clone or oligoclonal Ig production during recovery of B-cell function after myeloablative therapy. We analyzed abnormal protein bands (APB), distinct from the presenting paraprotein, in 550 patients receiving high-dose therapy with autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation at a single institution. Fifty-five patients (10%) had APB, 48 had oligoclonal bands (OB), and 23 had an apparent isotype switch (IS) on IFE (16 had both OB and IS). Morphologic and flow cytometric examination of bone marrow in 17 patients with IS showed no evidence of a clonal plasma cell isotype switch. Patients with APB had significantly higher complete response to therapy (67% v 37%, P = .001). To assess the independent prognostic relevance of APB, a multivariate analysis was performed among 471 patients surviving at least 12 months from first transplant (all patients developing APB had done so by 12 months from first transplant). APB (in 50 patients) was a favorable feature for both event-free (rank 3, P = .004) and overall survival (rank 3, P = .0005). We propose that OB and IS are likely to be due to recovery of Ig production rather than alterations in the biology of the malignant plasma cell clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Zent
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Lukacher AE, Wilson CS. Resistance to polyoma virus-induced tumors correlates with CTL recognition of an immunodominant H-2Dk-restricted epitope in the middle T protein. J Immunol 1998; 160:1724-34. [PMID: 9469430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The natural mouse pathogen polyoma virus is highly oncogenic in H-2k mice carrying the endogenous superantigen encoded by the mouse mammary tumor provirus Mtv-7. This superantigen results in deletion of Vbeta6 TCR-expressing polyoma-specific CD8+ CTL, which appear to be critical effectors against polyoma tumorigenesis. Here we have isolated cloned lines of CD8+ T cells from resistant (i.e., Mtv-7-) H-2k mice that specifically lyse syngeneic polyoma virus-infected cells and polyoma tumor cells. Nearly all these CTL clones express Vbeta6 and are restricted in their recognition of virus-infected cells by H-2Dk. Screening a panel of synthetic peptides predicted to bind to Dk, for which no consensus peptide binding motif is known, we identified a peptide corresponding to a nine-amino acid sequence in the carboxyl-terminus of the middle T (MT) protein (amino acids 389-397) that was recognized by all the Vbeta6+ CD8+ CTL clones. The inability of MT(389-397)-reactive CTL to recognize cells infected with a mutant polyoma virus encoding a MT truncated just proximal to this sequence indicates that MT(389-397) is a naturally processed peptide. The frequencies of precursor CTL specific for polyoma virus and MT(389-397) peptide were similar, indicating that MT(389-397) is the immunodominant epitope in H-2k mice. In addition, polyoma-infected resistant mice possess a 10- to 20-fold higher MT(389-397)-specific precursor CTL frequency than susceptible mice. This highly focused CTL response to polyoma virus provides a valuable animal model to investigate the in vivo activity of CTL against virus-induced neoplasia.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/immunology
- Cell Line
- Cell Separation
- Clone Cells
- Disease Susceptibility
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Female
- H-2 Antigens/immunology
- H-2 Antigens/metabolism
- Immunity, Innate
- Immunodominant Epitopes/immunology
- Immunodominant Epitopes/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Count
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Papillomavirus Infections/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Polyomavirus/immunology
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Stem Cells/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- Tumor Virus Infections/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Lukacher
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Brynes RK, Wilson CS, Kim AB, McCourty A. Expression of p53, MDM2, p21waf1, bcl-2, and retinoblastoma gene proteins in myelodysplastic syndrome after autologous bone marrow transplantation for lymphoma. Mod Pathol 1997; 10:1120-7. [PMID: 9388063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is an uncommon but serious complication of patients who undergo autologous bone marrow transplantation (auto-BMT) for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or Hodgkin's disease. Some patients exhibit an indolent course, but others succumb to aggressive disease. p53 overexpression is rare in de novo MDS but common in therapy-associated MDS. We used an immunostaining method to analyze expression of p53, the p53-associated tumor suppressor gene products, MDM2, p21waf1, retinoblastoma gene protein (pRB), and the antiapoptotic oncoprotein bcl-2 before and after BMT in BM specimens from eight patients with clonal karyotypic abnormalities characteristic of MDS. Staining was compared with findings in normal BM specimens and specimens from auto-BMT controls and patients with de novo MDS. p53 protein was found in three (75%) of four post-transplantation specimens from patients in whom a clinically aggressive form of MDS developed. In contrast, p53 was absent in all of the specimens from four patients with karyotypic evidence of MDS, but with indolent disease. bcl-2 protein was overexpressed by immature myeloid cells in seven of eight pre-BMT specimens. After BMT, it was predominantly found at low levels in cases positive for p53. MDM2 was present only after transplantation and was found with equal frequency in patients with indolent and aggressive MDS. We detected p21waf1 in only one aggressive post-BMT MDS specimen. pRB was normally expressed in all of the specimens. These data show that p53 and bcl-2 staining patterns in post-transplantation MDS are similar to those described in therapy-associated MDS. p53 positivity is associated with poor prognosis in auto-BMT patients with MDS. Expression of MDM2, p21waf1, and pRB in this group of patients is not helpful in predicting outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Brynes
- Department of Clinical Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA.
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Wilson CS, Traweek ST, Slovak ML, Niland JC, Forman SJ, Brynes RK. Myelodysplastic syndrome occurring after autologous bone marrow transplantation for lymphoma. Morphologic features. Am J Clin Pathol 1997; 108:369-77. [PMID: 9322588 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/108.4.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Clonal karyotypic abnormalities characteristic of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) occur in up to 18% of patients who undergo autologous bone marrow transplantation (auto-BMT) for the treatment of lymphoma. Morphologic changes are often subtle and may not meet the French-American-British Cooperative Group criteria for MDS. We retrospectively assessed dysplastic changes in peripheral blood and bone marrow specimens obtained before and after transplantation from nine patients and correlated them with karyotype and survival. All patients had normal cytogenetic study results before transplantation and had clonal karyotypic abnormalities develop after auto-BMT. Four patients (with aggressive MDS) survived a short time and died of acute myelogenous leukemia or MDS-related complications, four (with indolent MDS) had a prolonged survival period, and one patient died of recurrent lymphoma. The group with aggressive MDS had significantly more bone marrow trilineage dysplasia before auto-BMT than did the group with indolent MDS or cytogenetically normal auto-BMT controls, suggesting that stem cell damage occurred before transplantation and was not detected by pretransplantation cytogenetic analysis. Comparatively greater dyserythropoiesis and dysmegakaryopoiesis were present after transplantation; these changes were similar to those seen in de novo MDS. Posttransplantation dysplasia in the group with indolent MDS was analogous to the atypia related to the transplantation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Wilson
- Department of Clinical Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Wilson CS, Seatter SC, Rodriguez JL, Bellingham J, Clair L, West MA. In vivo endotoxin tolerance: impaired LPS-stimulated TNF release of monocytes from patients with sepsis, but not SIRS. J Surg Res 1997; 69:101-6. [PMID: 9202654 DOI: 10.1006/jsre.1997.5040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In vitro pretreatment of human monocytes (MO) with low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPSp) inhibits TNF release in response to subsequent LPSa activation. Septic patients are often indistinguishable from patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). We hypothesized that in vivo exposure to "septic" stimuli impairs subsequent LPSa-stimulated MO TNF production in vitro. Human peripheral MO were obtained after informed consent from controls or patients with sepsis, SIRS, or posttrauma [ACCP/SCCM definitions]. Cells were plated in vitro, incubated 24 hr, and then stimulated with 0-1000 ng/ml LPSa for 4 hr. Parallel control MO were incubated in vitro with 100 ng/ml LPSp for 24 hr and then stimulated with 1000 ng/ml LPSa for 4 hr. Supernatant TNF (mean U/ml +/- SEM) was measured by bioassay. ANOVA was used to determine statistical significance. In vitro LPSp pretreatment markedly inhibited subsequent LPSa-stimulated TNF release. In vitro LPSa-stimulated TNF release was likewise significantly inhibited with MO from septic patients compared to controls. Inhibition was more profound in septic patients with shock (not shown). No impaired TNF release was seen with MO from SIRS or trauma patients. In conclusion, in vivo preexposure to inflammatory stimuli in septic patients alters monocyte regulation in a manner similar to in vitro endotoxin tolerance. Provocative in vitro monocyte LPS stimulation may distinguish patients with sepsis and SIRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Wilson
- Department of Surgery, Hennepin County Medical Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55415, USA
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Alsabeh R, Wilson CS, Ahn CW, Vasef MA, Battifora H. Expression of bcl-2 by breast cancer: a possible diagnostic application. Mod Pathol 1996; 9:439-44. [PMID: 8729986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Expression of bcl-2 is most commonly associated with the t(14;18) translocation present in most folicular lymphomas (1). More recently, bcl-2 oncoprotein has been identified in normal tissues and in nonhematologic malignancies. In this study, we investigate the use of bcl-2 as a marker to distinguish metastatic breast carcinoma from primary lung and gastric cancers, and we evaluate the role of bcl-2 as an independent prognostic factor in breast carcinoma and its relationship to other breast cancer markers. bcl-2 immunostains were done on 371 adenocarcinomas of the breast, lung, and stomach. Additionally, 231 samples of metastases from patients with breast or gastric cancer were evaluated for bcl-2 expression. All breast cancer tissue samples had immunohistochemical data on expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, p53, neu/cerb2, and MIB-1. A large proportion (79.3%) of invasive breast carcinomas expressed bcl-2, whereas only 5.6% and 8.3% of pulmonary and gastric carcinomas did. Moreover, staining was moderate to intense in 70.2% of the breast cancers, compared with only one specimen of lung carcinoma (1.9%) and gastric carcinoma (0.9%) that showed moderate staining. There was agreement of bcl-2 expression between primary and metastatic sites in all specimens except one. Expression of bcl-2 in breast adenocarcinomas was significantly associated with hormone receptor positivity and low histologic grade. Nonetheless, 20.6% of bcl-2-positive specimens were estrogen receptor negative and 24.2% of bcl-2-positive specimens were progesterone receptor negative. Neither the presence nor the absence of bcl-2 expression significantly predicted disease-free survival or overall survival in patients with breast cancer. We conclude that adenocarcinomas with intense bcl-2 staining are more likely to be of breast than of pulmonary or gastric origin. We recommend the addition of bcl-2 to a panel of antibodies (estrogen receptor, GCDFP-15, and S100) that might contribute to the identification of a larger proportion of metastatic breast carcinomas, because almost one-half of the estrogen-receptor negative cancers were bcl-2 positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Alsabeh
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Abstract
The recent identification of fracturing of the retention wire in the Telectronics atrial lead, models 329-701 and 330-801, and the report of death due to cardiac tamponade caused by aortic puncture resulting from protrusion of the retention wire, necessitates fluoroscopic screening of these patients and the explantation of all leads identified to have the component failure. We present in this paper a percutaneous alternative to lead explantation in patients with protrusion of the retention wire through the polyurethane insulation and with an otherwise properly functioning atrial lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Caudill
- Department of Cardiology, Bryan Memorial Hospital, Lincoln, Nebraska 68506, USA
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Wilson CS. Treating hypercholesterolemia aggressively. Nebr Med J 1996; 81:3-4. [PMID: 8584066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Persad CC, Giordani B, Chen HC, Ashton-Miller JA, Alexander NB, Wilson CS, Berent S, Guire K, Schultz AB. Neuropsychological predictors of complex obstacle avoidance in healthy older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 1995; 50:P272-7. [PMID: 7656077 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/50b.5.p272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Global cognitive impairment in older adults has been associated with a greater risk of falling, and tripping has been implicated as an important factor in a large percentage of these falls. In order to evaluate the role of specific cognitive domains in tripping and falling, 23 healthy older adults completed basic and complex obstacle avoidance tasks, as well as a battery of neuropsychological tests. Using multiple regression analysis, a select pattern of neuropsychological measures was found to predict the decrement in performance evident as avoidance task complexity increased. Whereas measures of problem solving, response inhibition, general anxiety, and variability in attention were found to be significant predictors (in that order) of the relative decline in successful obstacle avoidance, measures of visuo-spatial discrimination and memory did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Persad
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, USA
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Krueger SK, Wilson CS, Hedderich GS, Olander RK, Ayala KN, Jex RK, Caudill CC, Gangahar DM, Raines EP. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery in patients with poor left ventricular performance: results in a community hospital. Lincoln Heart Failure Treatment Program. Nebr Med J 1995; 80:77-9. [PMID: 7777096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Wilson CS, Chang KL, Weiss LM. Malignant lymphomas that mimic benign lymphoid lesions: a review of four lymphomas. Semin Diagn Pathol 1995; 12:77-86. [PMID: 7770676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Lymphomas that may be misdiagnosed as benign lymphoid lesions are described and illustrated in this review. Differential diagnoses are considered, and the use of specialized techniques in diagnostic pathology are discussed. The four lymphomas selected for review include follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma with mantle zone pattern, interfollicular Hodgkin's disease, and nodular lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Wilson
- Division of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010-0269, USA
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Krueger SK, Mahapatra S, Gangahar DM, Wilson CS, Turk KT, Vermaas PL. Treatment of heart failure: update 1994. Nebr Med J 1994; 79:292-7. [PMID: 7990994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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