Transition and continuity of care after hospital discharge for COVID-19 survivors

OBJECTIVE

To assess care transition quality and compare it with the clinical characteristics and continuity of care after hospital discharge of COVID-19 survivors.

METHOD

This is a descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study, carried out with 300 patients with COVID-19 who were discharged from a hospital in southern Brazil. The Care Transitions Measure (CTM-15) and question guide about symptoms, difficulties and use of health services after discharge were used. Student's t-test, Pearson and Spearman correlation were used.

RESULTS

The mean score for care transition quality was 74.2 (±18.2). Factors associated with higher quality were receiving care in intensive care (p = 0.001), using non-invasive mechanical ventilation (p = 0.05), using vasopressors (p = 0.027) and having an appointment at the hospital after discharge (p = 0.014). Positive correlated factors were length of stay (p = 0.017), and negative factors were post-discharge symptoms of fatigue (p = 0.001), weakness (p = 0.008), difficulty doing moderate activities (p = 0.003) and how difficult recovery is (p = 0.003).

CONCLUSION

Most participants had a satisfactory perception of care transition. However, aspects such as care plans, referrals and follow-up after hospital discharge require improvements.

Popular health surveillance practices in Brazil: scoping review

This study aims to identify the Popular Health Surveillance practices in Brazil, described in the scientific literature. A scoping review was carried out in the LILACS, MEDLINE, MEDCARIB, PAHO-IRIS, WHOLIS, and Scopus databases from the CAPES Periodical Portal in May 2022. Studies that clearly addressed community/population protagonism in a health surveillance experience were included in the review, with a total of 6 studies. Three categories resulted from the analysis: 1. Cues for Popular Surveillance in Health; 2. Fundamental principles of Popular Surveillance; and, 3. Pandemic and Popular Protagonism. The studies address experiences of Popular Surveillance with different actions of population groups for the production of health that experience the different risks and impacts of the productive processes in the environment, in health and in their ways of life. It highlights the importance of strengthening the Popular Surveillance representation based on the articulation of knowledge of the actors involved with data production, health promotion and health care in the territories.

Incidence and time until the first traction or obstruction of the nasoenteral tube in hospitalized adults

OBJECTIVE

To determine incidence and time until first traction or obstruction of nasoenteral tube in hospitalized adults.

METHODS

Prospective double cohort study that included 494 adults who were users of nasoenteral tubes as inpatients in two clinical units and two surgical units in a teaching hospital. The occurrence of tube tractions and obstructions was monitored daily between 2017 and 2019. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate time until the first event.

RESULTS

Tube traction occurred in 33% of the sample, and the incidence of the event was higher on the first five days of tube use. Tube obstruction incidence was 3.4% and grew as tube use time increased.

CONCLUSION

Traction incidence was higher at the beginning of the period of use, whereas obstruction incidence grew as tube use time increased.

Line of care for the attention to morbimortality from external causes in adolescents and young people

OBJECTIVES

to describe the development and modeling of a line of care for the prevention and attention of morbimortality from external causes in adolescents and young people within the scope of the municipal management of the Unified Health System.

METHODS

methodological study operationalized in three stages: situational analysis; literature review; development, and modeling. Descriptive statistical analysis and content analysis of the thematic type were used to produce evidence and support the development of the line of care.

RESULTS

by upholding the evidence of the study, it was elaborated a line of care, whose theoretical and methodological proposal included: 1) conceptual matrix, 2) educative matrix, 3) assistance matrix, and 4) operative matrix.

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS

the lines of care are strong tools for articulating the levels of health care, being a resolute and feasible proposal given its cost-effectiveness for complex health demands such as the morbimortality of adolescents and young people from external causes.

Linha de cuidado para a atenção à morbimortalidade por causas externas em adolescentes e jovens

RESUMO Objetivos: descrever o desenvolvimento e modelagem de uma linha de cuidado para a prevenção e atenção à morbimortalidade por causas externas em adolescentes e jovens, no âmbito da gestão municipal do Sistema Único de Saúde. Métodos: estudo metodológico operacionalizado em três etapas: análise situacional; revisão de literatura; desenvolvimento e modelagem. Análise estatística descritiva e de conteúdo do tipo temática foram utilizadas para produzir evidências e embasar a elaboração da linha de cuidado. Resultados: apoiando-se nas evidências do estudo, elaborou-se uma linha de cuidado, cuja proposta teórico-metodológica contemplou: 1) matriz conceitual, 2) matriz educativa, 3) matriz assistencial e 4) matriz operativa. Considerações Finais: as linhas de cuidado são instrumentos potentes para a articulação dos níveis de atenção à saúde, sendo uma proposta resolutiva e exequível haja vista seu custo-efetividade para demandas complexas em saúde como a morbimortalidade de adolescentes e jovens por causas externas.

EXPOSURE TO TOXIC AGROCHEMICALS AND DEVELOPMENT OF CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS: A SCOPING REVIEW

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess whether maternal and paternal exposure to toxic agrochemicals throughout life causes congenital malformations. Method: a scoping review was carried out on the PUBMED, CINAHL, EBSCO, MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, BDENF, Web of Science and ATHENA databases between August and September 2019 and updated in December 2020. A cohort and case control study were included, which addressed the effects of parents' exposure throughout their lives to toxic agrochemicals which caused congenital malformation outcomes. Results: the review covered 32 studies published between 2005 and 2020. The main malformations presented are related to the reproductive system, nervous system, musculoskeletal system, transverse limb deficiencies, digestive system and other malformations such as fetal growth restrictions, cleft palate and congenital heart disease. The most investigated toxic agrochemicals in the studies were the herbicides represented by atrazine. Conclusion: maternal and paternal exposure to toxic agrochemicals can be associated with greater chances of children being born with congenital malformations, especially those related to the male reproductive system.

Health regionalization and federative cooperation in Brazil: the role of inter-municipal consortium

This paper aims to investigate public inter-municipal health consortium operation in Brazil. To this end, a qualitative documentary analysis was conducted on the content of the agreements between the consortia and the Federal Government, available at the Transparency Portal of the Federal Government, from 1996 to 2016. The results cover two categories: agreements concluded in Brazil and the content of the agreements signed by an inter-municipal public consortium (CIS). The agreements signed were concentrated mainly in the Southern and Southeastern regions and aimed to carry out regional actions, thus contributing to health regionalization. However, challenges related to the process of cooperation and coordination between the health management bodies persist, mainly related to the improvement of linkages between the consortium and the regional health coordination and in-depth social control of these organizations.

Patient safety challenges in primary health care: a scoping review

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify the patient safety challenges described by health professionals in Primary Health Care. Methods: a scoping review was conducted on the LILACS, MEDLINE, IBECS, BDENF, and CINAHL databases, and on the Cochrane, SciELO, Pubmed, and Web of Science libraries in January 2019. Original articles on patient safety in the context of Primary Health Care by health professionals were included. Results: the review included 26 studies published between 2002 and 2019. Four categories resulted from the analysis: challenges of health professionals, administration challenges of health services, challenges with the patient and family, and the potential enhancing resources for patient safety. Conclusions: patient safety challenges for Primary Care professionals are multiple and complex. This study provides insight into resources to improve patient safety for health care professionals, patients, administrators, policy makers, educators, and researchers.

Risks of enteral nutritional therapy: a clinical simulation

OBJECTIVE

Knowing the perceptions of nursing technicians about the risks to the patient in the use of enteral nutritional therapy, in a scenario of clinical simulation.

METHOD

A qualitative study, performed through a clinical simulation with nursing technicians from a university hospital in the South of Brazil, in August 2017. The simulation sessions were recorded in audio and later transcribed. Content analysis was used for data analysis.

RESULTS

Four thematic categories resulted from the analysis: Risks related to the tube; Risks related to diet; Risks related to contamination and Risks related to routine.

CONCLUSION

The clinical simulation allowed nursing technicians to identify risks in the practice of enteral nutritional therapy and ways to minimize them. Promoting spaces for continuing education in the service, using clinical simulation methodology, gives an opportunity for critical reflection, which can contribute to safer, effective and quality nursing care.

Adolescent and youth health policies in the Portuguese-Brazilian context: specificities and approximations

OBJECTIVE

To characterize the scientific production on adolescent health policies and programs in Brazil and Portugal in the period 2010-2017.

METHOD

This is a literature review based on the Scoping Review method. The research guidingquestion was: "How is the scientific production on adolescent health policies and programs in Brazil and Portugal characterized?"Search was carried out in October 2017 on the BVS, EBSCO and Google Scholar platforms.

RESULTS

Twenty-two studies were selected, namely, 17 Brazilian and 5 Portuguese. Seven cross-cutting thematic categories were identified, as follows: policy and program evaluation; health promotion and education; mental health; sexual and reproductive health; violence; oral health and nutritional health. We canconclude that, albeit in different social contexts, the themes reflect traditional areas of intervention of policies and programs, except for those arising from the phenomenon of structural violence, markedly present in the Brazilian reality. Also, the lack of emerging issues such as gender identities, migratory flows, and morbimortality from external causes reveal a possible care gap in policies and programs and a necessary field to be explored.

Nurses' practices in the context of primary healthcare in Portugal

AIM

The aim of this study was to identify and categorise the nursing practices of Portuguese nurses in the context of primary healthcare services.

METHODS

A scoping review was undertaken using the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences literature database; Spanish Bibliographic Index of Health Sciences; Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online; Cochrane Library; Scientific Electronic Library Online; El Banco de Datos de Enfermería nursing database; and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases. The search strategy included articles of original research, which involved nurses or nursing practices in the context of Portugal's primary healthcare, published in Portuguese, Spanish and/or English. The review involved the analysis of 11 studies published in Latin American, Brazilian and Portuguese journals, therefore all were available in Portuguese, published between 2007 and 2013.

RESULTS

From the analysis it was possible to establish four categories of primary healthcare nurses' work: technical procedures, health promotion, independent actions, and management and training practices.

CONCLUSIONS

Primary healthcare nursing in Portugal is challenged in the context of making more effective use of its own competences, investing more in actions of health promotion and disease prevention and less in technical curative procedures, thus contributing to better performance in the Portuguese National Health System.

Double nursing degree: potentialities and challenges of an international student academic experience

Objective To share the experience of a Double Nursing degree promoted between the Nursing School of the Universidade de São Paulo and the Health Sciences Institute of the Universidade Católica Portuguesa, reflecting on the potentialities and challenges of this opportunity for graduate students. Method This is an experience report presented in chronological order and of a descriptive nature. The double degree in Nursing was accomplished over a period of 6 months in a different institution from the institution of origin. Results Among the activities developed during the Double Degree are: participating in examining boards, congresses, seminars, courses, meetings, lectures, colloquium, classes, research groups and technical visits to health services. A table presents and describes the main benefits of the experience experienced by the authors. Conclusion When well-planned and well-developed, a double degree can promote personal, cultural and professional development of the students, favoring internationalization and contributing to the qualification of graduate programs.

Validação por peritos: importância na tradução e adaptação de instrumentos

RESUMO Objetivo Apresentar a validação de conteúdo por peritos, como etapa essencial da validação, tradução e adaptação cultural de instrumentos de psicometria, tendo como exemplo o processo de adaptação realizado com o questionário de sensibilidade moral para Portugal e Brasil. Método Trata-se de estudo metodológico, com um comitê de doze peritos, sete do Brasil e cinco de Portugal. A coleta e análise dos dados ocorreu em 2015, entre os meses de setembro e outubro, em Portugal e novembro e dezembro, no Brasil. Resultados Dos 30 itens apresentados aos peritos, 20 tiveram sugestão de adaptação. Algumas adaptações foram necessárias para que os itens ficassem claros e de fácil compreensão. A versão final permaneceu com 28 itens. Conclusão A validação de conteúdo dos instrumentos de psicometria por um comitê de peritos é essencial para pesquisadores e enfermeiros, cada vez mais preocupados em utilizar medidas confiáveis e apropriadas para pesquisas e avaliação da assistência.

SENSIBILIDADE MORAL DOS ENFERMEIROS AVALIADA POR SCOPING REVIEW

Esse estudo tem como objetivo identificar os fatores que influenciam a sensibilidade moral dos enfermeiros nos serviços de saúde, a partir de publicações sobre a temática. Para tanto, realizou-se uma scoping review no período de agosto a dezembro de 2015 em bases de dados da literatura em saúde. Foram incluídos artigos teóricos e originais realizados com estudantes de Enfermagem e equipes de saúde com enfermeiros, publicados em inglês, espanhol e português. A amostra foi de 28 estudos. Da análise, resultaram duas categorias: “fatores pessoais” e “fatores contextuais” da sensibilidade moral. Conclui-se que o fator que tem maior peso na formação/expressão da sensibilidade moral dos enfermeiros são os “fatores pessoais”. A sensibilidade moral tem uma natureza multidimensional, e que precisa ser complementada com uma preparação do enfermeiro para identificar e lidar de forma responsável e prudente com os problemas éticos da prática.

Moral sensitivity in Primary Health Care nurses

ABSTRACT Objective: to characterize the profile and describe the moral sensitivity of primary health care nurses. Method: this is a quantitative, transversal, exploratory, descriptive study. The data were collected through the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire translated and adapted to Brazil. 100 primary health care nurses participated, from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The data collection took place during the months of March and July 2016, in an online form. The analysis of the data occurred through descriptive statistical analysis. Results: the nurses had an average moral sensitivity of 4.5 (out of 7). The dimensions with the greatest moral sensitivity were: interpersonal orientation, professional knowledge, moral conflict and moral meaning. Conclusion: the nurses of Rio Grande do Sul have a moderate moral sensitivity, which may contribute to a lower quality in Primary Health Care.

SENSIBILIDADE MORAL E FATORES RELACIONADOS: PERCEPÇÃO DE ENFERMEIROS

Objetivou-se conhecer a percepção de enfermeiros acerca da sensibilidade moral e seus fatores relacionados. Pesquisa qualitativa, com dados coletados em grupo focal e analisado pela técnica de análise de conteúdo, em março de 2016. Participaram seis enfermeiros das seguintes áreas de atuação - cuidados paliativos, hematologia, urgência, unidade de tratamento intensivo e docente - da cidade de Valência, Espanha. Depreenderam-se quatro categorias: o conceito de sensibilidade moral; a dimensão profissional; a relação com o paciente; e a educação ética. Os enfermeiros investigados apresentaram visão restrita do conceito de sensibilidade moral, porém identificaram fatores que influenciam a sensibilidade moral. Observou-se a percepção deles em relação à necessidade de ampliação e desenvolvimento dos processos formativos em ética, ainda durante a graduação e nos próprios serviços de saúde, com vistas ao aprimoramento dos cuidados de enfermagem.

Nursing practices in the primary health care context: a scoping review

OBJECTIVE

to identify and categorize the practices performed by nurses working in Primary Health Care and Family Health Strategy Units in light of responsibilities established by the profession's legal and programmatic frameworks and by the Brazilian Unified Health System.

METHOD

a scoping review was conducted in the following databases: LILACS, IBECS, BDENF, CINAHL and MEDLINE, and the Cochrane and SciELO libraries. Original research papers written by nurses addressing nursing practices in the primary health care context were included.

RESULTS

the review comprised 30 studies published between 2005 and 2014. Three categories emerged from the analysis: practices in the service; practices in the community; and management and education practices.

CONCLUSION

the challenges faced by nurses are complex, as care should be centered on the population's health needs, which requires actions at other levels of clinical and health responsibility. Brazilian nursing has achieved important advancements since the implementation of policies intended to reorganize work. There is, however, a need to shift work processes from being focused on individual procedures to being focused on patients so that an enlarged clinic is the ethical-political imperative guiding the organization of services and professional intervention.

ELEMENTS AND STRATEGIES FOR ETHICAL DECISION-MAKING IN NURSING

ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify the elements and strategies that facilitate the ethical decision-making of nurses faced with ethical problems, from publications on the theme. An integrative literature review was carried out. Data collection was performed between the months of April and May 2014, in the databases: SciELO, CINAHL, LILACS and MEDLINE. Original, theoretical and case study articles, with a health team that included nurses, published in Portuguese, English and Spanish were included. A total of 19 studies were selected, the analysis of which resulted in three categories: external factors of ethical decision-making in nursing, individual factors of ethical decision-making in nursing and facilitating strategies of ethical decision-making in nursing. It was concluded that nurses need to use strategies that develop sensitivity, ability and ethical competence, in order to make prudent ethical decisions, contributing to the quality of health care.

[Ethical problems experienced by nurses in primary health care: integrative literature review]

The aim of this study is to identify ethical problems experienced by nurses in primary health care and resources for coping based on publications on the subject. An integrative literature review was performed between the months of October and November 2013, using the databases: BDTD, CINAHL, LILACS, MEDLINE, Biblioteca Cochrane, PubMed, RCAAP and SciELO. Articles, dissertations and theses published in Portuguese, English and Spanish were included, totalling 31 studies published from 1992 to 2013. This analysis resulted in four categories: ethical problems in the relationship between team members, ethical problems in the relationship with the user, ethical problems in health services management and resources for coping with ethical problems. Results showed that nurses need to be prepared to face ethical problems, emphasizing the importance of ethics education during the education process before and during professional practice to enhance the development of ethical sensitivity and competence for problem resolution.

Características das crianças menores de cinco anos atendidas em serviços de atenção básica em dois municípios do nordeste brasileiro

Objetivos descrever a prevalência de consultas nos serviços de saúde com médico ou enfermeiro em crianças menores de cinco anos de idade nos municípios de Caracol e Anísio de Abreu, Piauí e identificar os fatores associados. Métodos: tratase de estudo transversal de base populacional com crianças de 0 a 59 meses. A coleta de dados foi realizada mediante aplicação de questionários entre julho e setembro de 2008. Utilizouse para análise multivariada a Regressão de Poisson e o modelo hierarquizado. Resultados: entre as 1640 crianças incluídas no estudo, a prevalência de consultas nos serviços de saúde em Caracol foi de 44,2% (IC95% 40,147,4) e em Anísio de Abreu foi de 48,5% (IC95% 44,852,1). Após ajuste para eventuais fatores de confusão, consultar esteve associado com maior renda familiar e menor distância do serviço de saúde em Caracol. Em Anísio de Abreu, o desfecho associouse com abastecimento de água e idade das crianças. Conclusões: a análise encontrou diferenças nos cuidados à saúde relacionados às condições socioeconômicas entre os municípios, apontando para iniquidades no sistema de saúde.

A produção científica sobre acesso no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil: avanços, limites e desafios

A importância do acesso aos serviços de saúde para a superação dos impasses no âmbito da gestão do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) motivou a sistematização dos seus avanços, limites e desafios por meio de uma revisão da produção científica. Este estudo apresenta os principais resultados das pesquisas sobre acesso, tendo como universo de análise 5 revistas científicas brasileiras de Saúde Coletiva, indexadas internacionalmente e disponibilizadas na Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Contemplaram os critérios de inclusão 25 artigos envolvendo pesquisas qualitativas e relatos de experiências, escritos em português, espanhol e inglês, publicados de 2002 a 2011. Na análise do campo objetal, os resultados evidenciam a noção de acesso relacionada às seguintes categorias: processos de trabalho; organização da rede de atendimento; sistema e modelo de atenção. Centrados na avaliação das condições de acesso, os estudos direcionam as críticas aos aspectos de esgotamento do sistema, sendo a organização da rede de atendimento o principal alvo das discussões, à luz das representações sociais dos sujeitos envolvidos, em especial dos usuários dos serviços. Limites, avanços e desafios são identificados com ênfase nos níveis da micro e mesogestão, isto é, no âmbito dos processos de trabalho e na organização da rede, ficando em segundo plano a análise da lógica do sistema, definidora do modelo de atenção, que organiza o acesso aos serviços, bem como as respostas às necessidades advindas dos determinantes sociais da saúde, das transições demográficas e epidemiológicas e do papel do controle social na efetivação do direito à saúde.

[Validation of the comprehensiveness of an instrument on ethical problems in primary care]

The study aimed to validate the comprehensiveness of an instrument on the occurrence of ethical problems in primary health care and discuss their results. This is a methodological research. The technique used was Delphi, which seeks to obtain a consensus on a subject by experts, using structured questionnaires that are modified to obtain consensus on the comprehensibility of content. The sample was composed by nine professionals with expertise in primary health care in São Leopoldo. Data collection was in March and April 2011. In the first round, the professional was asked to respond whether the described situation has represented an ethical problem, whether the statement was clear and whether there was any suggestion to rewriting the problem. Were presented thirty-six statements, and to twenty was suggested new rewrite. After the review and systematization the proposed amendments, has begun the second round to seek consensus among all the statements that its writing had changed. In the second round, the consensus required by the method was obtained. Using the method supported significantly to build the instrument in its initial stage, what makes it appropriated and comprehensive for the subsequent steps of the validation.

[Humanization policy in primary health care: a systematic review]

OBJECTIVE

To analyze humanization practices in primary health care in the Brazilian Unified Health System according to the principles of the National Humanization Policy.

METHODS

A systematic review of the literature was carried out, followed by a meta-synthesis, using the following databases: BDENF (nursing database), BDTD (Brazilian digital library of theses and dissertations), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to nursing and allied health literature), LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean health care sciences literature), MedLine (International health care sciences literature), PAHO (Pan-American Health Care Organization Library) and SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online). The following descriptors were used: Humanization; Humanizing Health Care; Reception: Humanized care: Humanization in health care; Bonding; Family Health Care Program; Primary Care; Public Health and Sistema Único de Saúde (the Brazilian public health care system). Research articles, case studies, reports of experiences, dissertations, theses and chapters of books written in Portuguese, English or Spanish, published between 2003 and 2011, were included in the analysis.

RESULTS

Among the 4,127 publications found on the topic, 40 studies were evaluated and included in the analysis, producing three main categories: the first referring to the infrastructure and organization of the primary care service, made clear the dissatisfaction with the physical structure and equipment of the services and with the flow of attendance, which can facilitate or make difficult the access. The second, referring to the health work process, showed issues about the insufficient number of professionals, fragmentation of the work processes, the professional profile and responsibility. The third category, referring to the relational technologies, indicated the reception, bonding, listening, respect and dialog with the service users.

CONCLUSIONS

Although many practices were cited as humanizing they do not produce changes in the health services because of the lack of more profound analysis of the work processes and ongoing education in the health care services.