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Wan Q, Calhoun C, Zahr T, Qiang L. Uncoupling Lipid Synthesis from Adipocyte Development. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041132. [PMID: 37189751 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity results from the expansion of adipose tissue, a versatile tissue regulating energy homeostasis, adipokine secretion, thermogenesis, and inflammation. The primary function of adipocytes is thought to be lipid storage through lipid synthesis, which is presumably intertwined with adipogenesis. However, during prolonged fasting, adipocytes are depleted of lipid droplets yet retain endocrine function and an instant response to nutrients. This observation led us to question whether lipid synthesis and storage can be uncoupled from adipogenesis and adipocyte function. By inhibiting key enzymes in the lipid synthesis pathway during adipocyte development, we demonstrated that a basal level of lipid synthesis is essential for adipogenesis initiation but not for maturation and maintenance of adipocyte identity. Furthermore, inducing dedifferentiation of mature adipocytes abrogated adipocyte identity but not lipid storage. These findings suggest that lipid synthesis and storage are not the defining features of adipocytes and raise the possibility of uncoupling lipid synthesis from adipocyte development to achieve smaller and healthier adipocytes for the treatment of obesity and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianfen Wan
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Carmen Calhoun
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tarik Zahr
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Li Qiang
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Huang B, Wan Q, Li T, Yu L, Du W, Calhoun C, Leong KW, Qiang L. Polycationic PAMAM ameliorates obesity-associated chronic inflammation and focal adiposity. Biomaterials 2023; 293:121850. [PMID: 36450630 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As a surging public health crisis, obesity and overweight predispose individuals to various severe comorbidities contributed by the accompanying chronic inflammation. However, few options exist for tackling chronic inflammation in obesity or inhibiting depot-specific adiposity. Here, we report that polycationic polyamidoamine (PAMAM) treatment can improve both aspects of obesity. With the discovery that the plasma cell-free RNA (cfRNA) level is elevated in obese subjects, we applied the cationic PAMAM generation 3 (P-G3) scavenger to treat diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Intraperitoneal delivery of P-G3 alleviated the chronic inflammation in DIO mice and reduced their body weight, resulting in improved metabolic functions. To further enhance the applicability of P-G3, we complexed P-G3 with human serum albumin (HSA) to attain a sustained release, which showed consistent benefits in treating DIO mice. Local injection of HSA-PG3 into subcutaneous fat completely restricted the distribution of the complex within the targeted depot and reduced focal adiposity. Our study illuminates a promising cationic strategy to ameliorate chronic inflammation in obesity and target local adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoding Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Qianfen Wan
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Lexiang Yu
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Wen Du
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Carmen Calhoun
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Li Qiang
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Moreno J, Escobedo D, Calhoun C, Le Saux CJ, Han HC. Arterial Wall Stiffening in Caveolin-1 Deficiency-Induced Pulmonary Artery Hypertension in Mice. Exp Mech 2021; 6:217-228. [PMID: 33776068 PMCID: PMC7993546 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-020-00666-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is a complex disorder that can lead to right heart failure. The generation of caveolin-1 deficient mice (CAV-1-/-) has provided an alternative genetic model to study the mechanisms of pulmonary hypertension. However, the vascular adaptations in these mice have not been characterized. OBJECTIVE To determine the histological and functional changes in the pulmonary and carotid arteries in CAV-1-/- induced PAH. METHODS Pulmonary and carotid arteries of young (4-6 months old) and mature (9-12 months old) CAV-1-/- mice were tested and compared to normal wild type mice. RESULTS Artery stiffness increases in CAV-1-/- mice, especially the circumferential stiffness of the pulmonary arteries. Increases in stiffness were quantified by a decrease in circumferential stretch and transition strain, increases in elastic moduli, and an increase in total strain energy at physiologic strains. Changes in mechanical properties for the pulmonary artery correlated with increased collagen content while carotid artery mechanical properties correlated with decreased elastin content. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that an increase in artery stiffness is associated with CAV-1 deficiency-induced pulmonary hypertension. These results improve our understanding of artery remodeling in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Moreno
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio
- Biomedical Engineering Program, UTSA-UTHSCSA
| | - D. Escobedo
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - C. Calhoun
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - C. Jourdan Le Saux
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - H. C. Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio
- Biomedical Engineering Program, UTSA-UTHSCSA
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Taylor D, Bunnell B, Calhoun C, Pruiksma K, Dietch J, Wardle-Pinkston S, Milanak M, Rheingold A, Simmons R, Peterson A, Morin C, Ruggiero K, Brim W, Dolan D, Wilkerson A. 1186 Developing And Testing A Web-based Provider Training For Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Of Insomnia. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Chronic insomnia is a common, debilitating disorder and a risk factor for significant medical morbidity, mental health problems, and workplace difficulties. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is the gold standard treatment for insomnia. However, few providers are trained in CBT-I, in part due to a bottleneck in training availability and the time and cost associated with current training platforms. To address this training deficit, our team developed and evaluated CBTIweb.org, a web-based provider training course for CBT-I.
Methods
Feedback from alpha- and beta-testing of CBTIweb.org was collected and used to optimize course content and functionality. Then, a comparison study was conducted in which licensed providers were randomized to complete either the online CBTIweb.org course (n=21) or an in-person CBT-I training (n=23). During all phases of development, providers completed a Computer System Usability Questionnaire (CSUQ), investigator-developed website usability and content questionnaires, and pre/post-training competency assessments.
Results
Independent samples t-tests indicated significant improvements in CSUQ, and website usability and content questionnaires responses from alpha- to beta-testing (all ps < .05). Linear mixed-effects modeling revealed significant within-subject increases in knowledge acquisition (F(34.7) = 65.4, p < 0.001; baseline = 69% correct, post-training = 92% correct) when collapsed across in-person and web-based groups. The interaction group by time interaction was non-significant (F(34.7) = 1.7, p = 0.204), indicating similar gains in knowledge (i.e., equivalence) between the in-person and the CBTIweb.org training formats.
Conclusion
Alpha and beta testers of CBTIweb.org reported high levels of satisfaction while also noting areas for improvement, which were used to update the site. Findings suggest the final CBTIweb.org product successfully trained clinicians compared to an in-person workshop, given knowledge acquisition improvements. CBTIweb.org is an efficient and effective training platform for clinicians to gain knowledge and competence in the most effective treatment for insomnia.
Support
W81XWH-17-1-0165
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Affiliation(s)
- D Taylor
- University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - B Bunnell
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - C Calhoun
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | | | - J Dietch
- University of North Texas, Denton, TX
| | | | - M Milanak
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - A Rheingold
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - R Simmons
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | | | - C Morin
- Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
| | - K Ruggiero
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - W Brim
- Center for Deployment Psychology, Bethesda, MD
| | - D Dolan
- Center for Deployment Psychology, Bethesda, MD
| | - A Wilkerson
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
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Congeni A, Calhoun C, Weant K, Matuskowitz A. 373 Development of an Acute Deep Venous Thrombosis Clinical Pathway Using Apixaban May Safely Decrease Admission Rates and Improve Access to Care Regardless of Patient Socioeconomic Status. Ann Emerg Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.08.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Paquet C, Wilkerson A, Calhoun C, Walker J, Kelly C, Danielson C. 0835 Sleep Habits, Parenting Style, And Anxiety In Children. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Paquet
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - A Wilkerson
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - C Calhoun
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - J Walker
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - C Kelly
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - C Danielson
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
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Harris E, Calhoun C, Johnston L, Cox R, Shurson G. Belly quality of immunologically castrated pigs fed dried distillers grains with solubles. Meat Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ye J, Garg A, Calhoun C, Feingold KR, Elias PM, Ghadially R. Alterations in cytokine regulation in aged epidermis: implications for permeability barrier homeostasis and inflammation. I. IL-1 gene family. Exp Dermatol 2002; 11:209-16. [PMID: 12102659 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0625.2002.110303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute disruption of the cutaneous permeability barrier with either solvents or tape-stripping stimulates a homeostatic metabolic response in the subjacent nucleated layers of the epidermis that results in a rapid restoration of normal permeability barrier function. When the aged epidermal permeability barrier is stressed, it reveals a diminished capacity for recovery, in comparison to young epidermis, analogous to other organs in the aged when stressed. Although the signals that regulate this homeostatic response by the epidermis have not yet been resolved, acute permeability barrier disruption stimulates release of prestored IL-1alpha, and increased production of potentially regulatory cytokines, including IL-1alpha and TNFalpha in the epidermis. In these studies, we addressed the hypothesis that cytokine dysregulation explains the permeability barrier abnormality in aged epidermis, assessing the regulation of IL-1 and TNF signaling in aged vs young mice. To determine whether the IL-1 family of cytokines plays a key role in the permeability barrier abnormality of the aged, permeability barrier recovery rates were compared in transgenic mice lacking the functional IL-1 type 1 receptor vs wild-type mice at various ages. Knockout of the IL-1 type 1 receptor exacerbates the defect in permeability barrier homeostasis that is seen in age-matched, wild-type counterparts. Furthermore, the sluggish permeability barrier recovery in aged epidermis is associated with, and at least in part attributable to, altered expression of the IL-1 family of cytokines and receptors both under basal conditions and after acute barrier perturbations. Whereas modulations in cytokine expression with epidermal permeability barrier perturbation are qualitatively similar in aged epidermis, they greatly differ quantitatively. In contrast, examination of TNFalpha mRNA and protein basally, and following barrier perturbation revealed no alterations in aged epidermis. Together, these results show that selective alterations in the IL-1 family of cytokines occur with aging and that defects in IL-1 signaling may contribute to the epidermal permeability barrier abnormality of aged skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ye
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Francisco, CA USA
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Conley TD, Calhoun C, Evett SR, Devine PG. Mistakes that heterosexual people make when trying to appear non-prejudiced: the view from LGB people. J Homosex 2001; 42:21-43. [PMID: 12013573 DOI: 10.1300/j082v42n02_02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In two studies, lesbians, gay men and bisexuals were queried concerning mistakes that well-meaning heterosexual people have made when interacting with them. In qualitative, open-ended research, we determined that the most common mistakes concerned heterosexuals' pointing out that they know someone who is gay, emphasizing their lack of prejudice, and relying on stereotypes about gays. Following up with a quantitative, close-ended questionnaire, we determined that the mistakes respondents experienced most often involved heterosexuals (a) relying on stereotypes and (b) ignoring gay issues; the most annoying mistakes were heterosexuals (a) using subtle prejudicial language and (b) not owning up to their discomfort with gay issues. We used two theoretical perspectives, shared reality theory and the contact hypothesis, to analyze the quantitative responses. Implications for intergroup relationships between heterosexual people and gay people are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Conley
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90007, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE This study determined the incidence of maxillofacial involvement in patients diagnosed with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-three patients were evaluated by the pediatric physical medicine and rehabilitation, orthopedic surgery, and pediatric oral and maxillofacial surgery departments. Any patient in whom the diagnosis of AMC was in doubt was excluded from the study. All patients with limited mandibular function underwent computed tomography (CT) examination of their temporomandibular joints (TMJ). The results of physical therapy were followed. RESULTS Five of the 23 patients diagnosed with AMC were found to have maxillofacial involvement, eg, presence of cleft palate, Robin-like sequence, high-arched palate, open-bite deformity, facial muscle weakness, esophageal dysfunction, and limited mandibular opening. No TMJ abnormalities were found by CT scan. Physical therapy was used for treatment of the limited opening, but relapse occurred quicky after therapy was discontinued. CONCLUSION The incidence of maxillofacial findings is similar to that of most other reports. Treatment involves surgical correction of abnormal anatomy when possible (ie, cleft repair), symptomatic management (ie, esophageal dysfunction), and physical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Steinberg
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0018, USA
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Denda M, Wood LC, Emami S, Calhoun C, Brown BE, Elias PM, Feingold KR. The epidermal hyperplasia associated with repeated barrier disruption by acetone treatment or tape stripping cannot be attributed to increased water loss. Arch Dermatol Res 1996; 288:230-8. [PMID: 8738565 DOI: 10.1007/bf02530090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Denda
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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12
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Wood LC, Elias PM, Calhoun C, Tsai JC, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. Barrier disruption stimulates interleukin-1 alpha expression and release from a pre-formed pool in murine epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 1996; 106:397-403. [PMID: 8648167 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12343392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that barrier disruption increases epidermal mRNA levels of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha). We used immunohistochemistry to examine IL-1 alpha expression in hairless mouse skin under basal conditions and following barrier abrogation. In untreated mice, IL-1 alpha was present in the dermis and nucleated epidermal layers in a diffuse, generalized pattern. In essential fatty acid deficient mice IL-1 alpha was present in all epidermal layers and the dermis, with prominent staining in the stratum corneum. After acute barrier disruption with tape-stripping, IL-1 alpha increased in the epidermis and dermis within 10 min, remained elevated at 2 and 4 h, and decreased to near basal levels by 24 h. Moreover, intense, perinuclear, basal cell staining appeared at 10 min, persisting until 4 h after barrier disruption. Since the increase in IL-1 alpha immunostaining after acute barrier abrogation precedes the increase in mRNA, we hypothesized that the IL-1 alpha might derive from a pre-formed pool. Prolonged occlusion of normal skin, a treatment that specifically reduces epidermal mRNA levels of IL-1 alpha, decreased basal immunostaining for IL-1 alpha and blunted the increase in IL-1 alpha usually seen following barrier disruption. Moreover, tape-stripping of skin, maintained ex vivo at 4 degrees C, resulted in increased IL-1 alpha immunostaining within the upper nucleated epidermal layers, as well as release of mature IL-1 alpha into the medium, as measured by Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, the stratum corneum attached to the tape contained IL-1 alpha. These studies show that acute barrier disruption induces both the immediate release and dispersion of IL-1 alpha from a pre-formed, epidermal pool, as well as increased IL-1 alpha synthesis; both mechanisms are consistent with a role for IL-1 alpha in the regulation of proinflammatory and homeostatic processes in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Wood
- Dermatology and Medical Services, Veterans Administration Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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13
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Calhoun C. Must lesbian choices be feminist choices? J Homosex 1996; 32:7-20. [PMID: 8972396 DOI: 10.1300/j082v32n01_02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Calhoun
- Philosophy Department, Colby College, Waterville, ME 04901, USA
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14
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Calhoun C. Thinking About Technology: The Whale and the Reactor. Science 1986; 233:1435. [PMID: 17830743 DOI: 10.1126/science.233.4771.1435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Calhoun C. How to eliminate wide swings in monthly income. Hosp Financ Manage 1981; 35:38-9, 42. [PMID: 10298223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Ellis RJ, Wisniewski A, Potts R, Calhoun C, Loucks P, Wells MR. Reduction of flow rate and arterial pressure at moderate hypothermia does not result in cerebral dysfunction. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1980; 79:173-80. [PMID: 7351842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Bernard LJ, McGriff J, Wofford S, Calhoun C, Walker M. The continuing impact of infections in surgical practice. J Natl Med Assoc 1973; 65:55-7. [PMID: 4687190 PMCID: PMC2608704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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18
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Smith R, Calhoun C. Some ischemic changes that cause primary optic atrophy. South Med J 1971; 64:509-11. [PMID: 5552028 DOI: 10.1097/00007611-197104000-00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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