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Cortes-Sandoval S, Seco-Rovira V, Beltrán-Frutos E, Serrano-Sánchez MI, Martínez-Hernández J, Ferrer C, Delgado JL, Insausti CL, Blanquer M, Pastor LM. Heterogeneity of mesenchymal cells in human amniotic membrane at term. Histol Histopathol 2024; 39:573-593. [PMID: 37721417 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in understanding the tissue biology of human amniotic membrane (hAM) given its applications in medicine. One cellular component is mesenchymal cells, which can be extracted, cultured and differentiated "in vitro" into various cell types. These studies show that there is heterogeneity among mesenchymal cells. The aim of this work is to study the membrane in situ to determine whether this cellular heterogeneity exists. The hAMs were obtained from caesarean deliveries at term and analyzed by histological techniques. Types I-III mesenchymal cells and Hofbauer were distinguished by light microscopy. Histochemically, mesenchymal cell types showed successively increasing positivity to: PAS, vimentin, fibronectin, and Concanavalin-A; VGEF, TGF-β2, PDGF-C, FGF-2. By the semiquantitative point of view, the percentage of Type II cells was 60%, significantly higher than the other types. With transmission electron microscopy, an intermediate cell type between II-III was observed. Strong vesiculation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) with exocytosis was observed. In addition, an accumulation of a similar material to the extracellular matrix in the RER caused its dilation especially in type IIITEM cells. Some of this material acquired a globular structure. These structures were also found free in the extracellular matrix. In conclusion, the mesenchymal cells of the fibroblastic layer of the hAMs studied are heterogeneous, with some undifferentiated and others with a probably senescent fibroblastic phenotype with accumulation in their RER of fibronectin. These results may be of interest to extract mesenchymal cells from hAMs for use in regenerative medicine and to better understand the mechanisms of fetal membrane rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Cortes-Sandoval
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virgen de la Arrixaca Hospital, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, IMIB, School of Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicente Seco-Rovira
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, IMIB, School of Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ester Beltrán-Frutos
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, IMIB, School of Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María I Serrano-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, IMIB, School of Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jesús Martínez-Hernández
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, IMIB, School of Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Concepción Ferrer
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, IMIB, School of Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan L Delgado
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virgen de la Arrixaca Hospital, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen L Insausti
- Hematology Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel Blanquer
- Hematology Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis M Pastor
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, IMIB, School of Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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Valiente MR, Nicolás FJ, García-Hernández AM, Fuente Mora C, Blanquer M, Alcaraz PJ, Almansa S, Merino GR, Lucas MDL, Algueró MC, Insausti CL, Piñero A, Moraleda JM, Castellanos G. Cryopreserved amniotic membrane in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: a case series. J Wound Care 2019; 27:806-815. [PMID: 30557111 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2018.27.12.806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The amniotic membrane (AM) is a tissue with low immunogenity and high therapeutic potential due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and antimicrobial effects. This paper describes the use of cryopreserved amniotic membrane allografts to treat diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) in patients with diabetes. METHOD In this case series, AM was processed to obtain a final medicinal product: cryopreserved amniotic membrane. cryopreserved AM was applied every 7-10 days until total epithelialisation of the DFUs. RESULTS A total of 14 patients with DFUs (median size: 12.30cm, (range: 0.52-42.5cm2) were treated and followed up until complete closure (median time: 20 weeks, range: 7-56 weeks). Patients received 4-40 AM applications. All patients in this study achieved complete epithelialisation of the wound. No adverse events were observed. CONCLUSION AM is a feasible and safe treatment in complex DFUs. Furthermore, the treatment is successful in achieving epithelialisation of long-evolution, unhealed wounds resistant to conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Rodríguez Valiente
- Cell Therapy Unit at Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, IMIB-Arrixaca). El Palmar, Spain; and Department of General Surgery, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, IMIB-Arrixaca). El Palmar, Spain
| | - Francisco J Nicolás
- Molecular Oncology and TGFß, Research Unit at Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, IMIB-Arrixaca)
| | - Ana M García-Hernández
- Cell Therapy Unit at Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, IMIB-Arrixaca). El Palmar, Spain
| | - Cristina Fuente Mora
- Cell Therapy Unit at Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, IMIB-Arrixaca). El Palmar, Spain
| | - Miguel Blanquer
- Cell Therapy Unit at Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, IMIB-Arrixaca). El Palmar, Spain
| | - Patricio J Alcaraz
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, IMIB-Arrixaca). El Palmar, Spain
| | - Sonia Almansa
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, IMIB-Arrixaca). El Palmar, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Ruiz Merino
- FFIS de la Región de Murcia, Support Research Unit at Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, IMIB-Arrixaca). El Palmar, Spain
| | - Ma Dolores López Lucas
- Cell Therapy Unit at Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, IMIB-Arrixaca). El Palmar, Spain
| | - María C Algueró
- Cell Therapy Unit at Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, IMIB-Arrixaca). El Palmar, Spain
| | - Carmen L Insausti
- Cell Therapy Unit at Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, IMIB-Arrixaca). El Palmar, Spain
| | - Antonio Piñero
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, IMIB-Arrixaca). El Palmar, Spain
| | - José M Moraleda
- Cell Therapy Unit at Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, IMIB-Arrixaca). El Palmar, Spain
| | - Gregorio Castellanos
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, IMIB-Arrixaca). El Palmar, Spain
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Insausti CL, Blanquer M, García-Hernández AM, Castellanos G, Moraleda JM. Amniotic membrane-derived stem cells: immunomodulatory properties and potential clinical application. Stem Cells Cloning 2014; 7:53-63. [PMID: 24744610 PMCID: PMC3969346 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s58696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial and mesenchymal cells isolated from the amniotic membrane (AM) possess stem cell characteristics, differentiation potential toward lineages of different germ layers, and immunomodulatory properties. While their expansion and differentiation potential have been well studied and characterized, knowledge about their immunomodulatory properties and the mechanisms involved is still incomplete. These mechanisms have been evaluated on various target cells of the innate and the adaptive system and in animal models of different inflammatory diseases. Some results have evidenced that the immunomodulatory effect of AM-derived cells is dependent on cell-cell contact, but many of them have demonstrated that these properties are mediated through the secretion of suppressive molecules. In this review, we present an update on the described immunomodulatory properties of the derived amniotic cells and some of the proposed involved mechanisms. Furthermore, we describe some assays in animal models of different inflammatory diseases which reveal the potential use of these cells to treat such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen L Insausti
- Unidad de Trasplante Hematopoyético y Terapia Celular, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel Blanquer
- Unidad de Trasplante Hematopoyético y Terapia Celular, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Gregorio Castellanos
- Servicio de Cirugía, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB, Campus Mare Nostrum, Universidad de Murcia, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - José M Moraleda
- Unidad de Trasplante Hematopoyético y Terapia Celular, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
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Alcaraz A, Mrowiec A, Insausti CL, García-Vizcaíno EM, Ruiz-Canada C, López-Martínez MC, Moraleda JM, Nicolás FJ. Autocrine TGF-β induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition in human amniotic epithelial cells. Cell Transplant 2012; 22:1351-67. [PMID: 23031712 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x657387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) have been the object of intense research due to their potential therapeutic use. In this paper, we present molecular evidence of a bona fide epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) undergone by hAECs. Amniotic membrane (AM)-derived hAECs showed the presence of typical epithelial markers such as E-cadherin and cytokeratins. hAECs in culture, however, underwent morphological changes acquiring a mesenchymal shape. Epithelial cell markers were lost and typical mesenchymal markers, such as vimentin and α-SMA, appeared. Several genes associated with EMT, such as SNAI1, MMP9, PAI1, or ACTA2, increased their expression. The expression of the transcription activators KLF4 or MTA3 was consistent with the downregulation of CDH1. We have shown that hAECs undergo EMT due to the autocrine production of TGF-β. Furthermore, the addition of the TGF-β receptor I (ALK5) inhibitor SB-431542 or TGF-β neutralizing antibody to hAECs prevented EMT and preserved the hAECs' epithelial phenotype. Altogether, these results suggest that cultured hAECs undergo EMT through the autocrine production of TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Alcaraz
- Oncología Molecular y TGF-β, Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
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Insausti CL, Blanquer Blanquer M, Meseguer Olmo L, López-Martínez MC, Férez Ruiz X, Rodríguez Lozano FJ, Cabañas Perianes V, Funes C, Nicolás FJ, Majado MJ, Moraleda Jiménez JM. Isolation and Characterization of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from the Fat Layer on the Density Gradient Separated Bone Marrow. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:260-72. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2010.0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen L. Insausti
- Unidad de Terapia Celular, Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel Blanquer Blanquer
- Unidad de Terapia Celular, Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis Meseguer Olmo
- Unidad de Terapia Celular, Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - María C. López-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular and TGFß, Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Xavier Férez Ruiz
- Unidad de Terapia Celular, Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Rodríguez Lozano
- Unidad de Terapia Celular, Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Valentín Cabañas Perianes
- Unidad de Terapia Celular, Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Consuelo Funes
- Unidad de Terapia Celular, Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Nicolás
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular and TGFß, Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - María J. Majado
- Unidad de Terapia Celular, Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - José M. Moraleda Jiménez
- Unidad de Terapia Celular, Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
- Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Bueno C, Insausti CL, Meseguer L, Ramírez MC, Blanquer M, Marín N, Martínez S, Moraleda JM. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental tissues. Int Endod J 2011; 44:800-6. [PMID: 21477154 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.01877.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of tissues occurs naturally due to the existence of stem cells with the capacity to self-regenerate and differentiate; however, regenerative capacity decreases with age, and in many cases, regeneration is not sufficient to repair the damage produced by degenerative, ischaemic, inflammatory, or tumour-based diseases. In the last decade, advances have been made in the understanding of stem cells, the genes that control the alternative fates of quiescence and differentiation, and the niches that provide specific signals that modulate cell fate decisions. Embryonic stem-cell research is shedding light on the secrets of development. Adult stem cells (AS cells) are available from several sources. Bone marrow and connective tissue have been used in preliminary clinical trials for regenerative therapy. Recently, several types of AS cells have been isolated from teeth, including dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, periodontal ligament stem cells, dental follicle progenitor stem cells and stem cells from apical papilla. Preliminary data suggest that these cells have the capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes and neural cells. If confirmed, these data would support the use of these cells, which are easily obtained from extracted teeth, in dental therapies, including in regenerative endodontics, providing a new therapeutic modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Rodríguez-Lozano
- Cell Therapy Unit. Hospital Universitary Virgen de la Arrixaca, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Majado MJ, Salgado-Cecilia G, Blanquer M, Funes C, González-García C, Insausti CL, Parrado A, Morales A, Minguela A, Moraleda JM. Cryopreservation impact on blood progenitor cells: influence of diagnoses, mobilization treatments, and cell concentration. Transfusion 2010; 51:799-807. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02885.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Insausti CL, Alcaraz A, García-Vizcaíno EM, Mrowiec A, López-Martínez MC, Blanquer M, Piñero A, Majado MJ, Moraleda JM, Castellanos G, Nicolás FJ. Amniotic membrane induces epithelialization in massive posttraumatic wounds. Wound Repair Regen 2010; 18:368-77. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2010.00604.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Insausti CL, Blanquer M, Bleda P, Iniesta P, Majado MJ, Castellanos G, Moraleda JM. The amniotic membrane as a source of stem cells. Histol Histopathol 2010; 25:91-8. [PMID: 19924645 DOI: 10.14670/hh-25.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cellular therapy has emerged as a new potential tool for curing a wide range of degenerative diseases and tissue necrosis. Embryonic stem cells possess potential for differentiation into a wide range of cell lineages, but the ethical issues associated with establishment of this human cell line have to be resolved prior to any use. The bone marrow (BM) is the usual source of adult stem cells for hematopoietic stem cell transplants and cellular therapy, but the BM harvest is a surgical procedure that requires general anesthesia or sedation, and there seems to be a reduction of the proliferative potential and differentiation capacity of the marrow mesenchymal stem cells in older donors. For these reasons there is an increasing interest in other sources of stem cells from adult and fetal tissues. The amniotic membrane (AM) or amnion is a tissue of particular interest because its cells possess characteristics of stem cells with multipotent differentiation ability, and because of low immunogenicity and easy procurement from the placenta, which is a discarded tissue after parturition, thus avoiding the current controversies associated with the use of human embryonic stem cells. Therefore, amniotic membrane has been proposed as a good candidate to be used in cellular therapy and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen L Insausti
- Hematology Department, Cellular Therapy Unit, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
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Acquatella G, Insausti CL, García R, Gómez R, Hernández M, Carneiro M, Santos S, Nouel A. Outcome of children with B cell lymphoma in Venezuela with the LMB-89 protocol. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2004; 43:580-6. [PMID: 15382276 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.20116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We analyzed the results of the LMB-89 protocol performed in seven centers in Venezuela in 96 children having B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated from 1995 to 2002. PROCEDURE Mean age was 7.1 years with 71 (74%) been male. Eighty-two patients (85%) had diffuse small cell lymphoma Burkitt and Burkitt-like, and 14 (15%) had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Initial disease sites included the abdomen in 67%, peripheral nodes in 8%, and mediastinal in 4%. Treatment was directed to risk groups as described for LMB-89 protocol. Group A: seven patients (7%), group B: 80 patients (83%), and group C: nine patients (9%). RESULTS Mean follow-up was 35 +/- 31 months. Complete remission (CR) occurred in 70 patients (73%); four patients (6%) had relapse during the first year and ten patients (10%) had progressive disease. Overall survival (OS) and event free survival (EFS) were 85 and 80% at 1 year, and 82 and 75% at 2 years, respectively. The EFS by therapeutic groups at 3 years was A: 100%; B: 76%, and C: 56%. TOXICITY neutropenia in 75%, thrombocytopenia in 63%, febrile neutropenia in 39%. Viral infections: hepatitis B in 20%, hepatitis C in 2%, and Herpes zoster in 3%. Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) occurred in 9% during induction phase with a high mortality of 44% (urate-oxidase was available only at the end of the study). CONCLUSIONS The high mortality rate during induction phase prohibited a better EFS. Prophylactic use of xantine-oxidase may improve future results. The high incidence of hepatitis B requires a vaccination program.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Acquatella
- BADAN Transversal 2, Los Cortijos de Lourdes, Edificio Centro Los Cortijos, Caracas, Venezuela.
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Abstract
In the present 30-week, double-blind study of 45 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients treated with prednisone, sulfasalazine, clonidine, or placebo, we found that clonidine (an alpha 2 agonist) and prednisone were effective in treating idiopathic UC. Both drugs were more effective than sulfasalazine. Furthermore, clonidine potentiated prednisone and sulfasalazine effects. Clonidine was chosen because its effect on distal colon motility is similar to thioproperazine, an antipsychotic drug that, despite many adverse effects, possesses powerful anti-UC properties. Rating scales were outlined in order to evaluate clinical, endoscopic, histologic, and radiologic changes. Plasma cortisol levels, sedimentation rate, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, and other biochemical parameters were determined to assess the efficacy of each drug. Distal colon motility changes were also assessed. All our UC patients showed raised cortisol plasma levels and low sigmoidal tone during relapse periods. These parameters were reversed during remission periods. Peripheral and central mechanisms are discussed.
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Abstract
We report the first case of severe thrombocytopenia occurring after ingestion of a widely used cholecystographic medium, iocetamic acid. The patient had not been given any treatment before he received the gallbladder contrast medium. Onset of symptoms was acute, and the clinical course was benign with complete recovery after one week. Bone marrow aspiration showed increased numbers of megakaryocytes, suggesting that platelets were rapidly removed from circulation. In vitro tests for antiplatelet antibodies were not performed because iocetamic acid is insoluble in aqueous solutions. Since only a few cases of thrombocytopenia following ingestion of iodine-compounds have been reported, it seems highly unlikely that purpura will be, in the future, a major hazard in cholecystography. However, it would be wise to question patients as to any prior sensitivity to iodine before proceeding with oral cholecystography.
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Abstract
Thioproperazine, an antipsychotic drug, dramatically improved three ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. We tried this dopaminergic blocking agent in patients with UC because Tp (but not other neuroleptics) suppressed the motility of the distal colon in one patient. All three patients showed impressive improvement by clinical, radiological, endoscopic, histological, and biochemical measures. Although peripheral mechanisms cannot be discarded, we postulate that centrally induced effects offer more satisfactory explanation for the drug's apparent benefit. The fact that Tp, but not other phenothiazine derivatives, penetrate some brain dopaminergic areas could explain Tp's particular effect. We caution that this is a preliminary observation and one that needs confirmation by controlled clinical trials.
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