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Folk RA, Charboneau JLM, Belitz M, Singh T, Kates HR, Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Guralnick RP, Siniscalchi CM. Anatomy of a mega-radiation: Biogeography and niche evolution in Astragalus. Am J Bot 2024; 111:e16299. [PMID: 38419145 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
PREMISE Astragalus (Fabaceae), with more than 3000 species, represents a globally successful radiation of morphologically highly similar species predominant across the northern hemisphere. It has attracted attention from systematists and biogeographers, who have asked what factors might be behind the extraordinary diversity of this important arid-adapted clade and what sets it apart from close relatives with far less species richness. METHODS Here, for the first time using extensive phylogenetic sampling, we asked whether (1) Astragalus is uniquely characterized by bursts of radiation or whether diversification instead is uniform and no different from closely related taxa. Then we tested whether the species diversity of Astragalus is attributable specifically to its predilection for (2) cold and arid habitats, (3) particular soils, or to (4) chromosome evolution. Finally, we tested (5) whether Astragalus originated in central Asia as proposed and (6) whether niche evolutionary shifts were subsequently associated with the colonization of other continents. RESULTS Our results point to the importance of heterogeneity in the diversification of Astragalus, with upshifts associated with the earliest divergences but not strongly tied to any abiotic factor or biogeographic regionalization tested here. The only potential correlate with diversification we identified was chromosome number. Biogeographic shifts have a strong association with the abiotic environment and highlight the importance of central Asia as a biogeographic gateway. CONCLUSIONS Our investigation shows the importance of phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of logistically challenging "mega-radiations." Our findings reject any simple key innovation behind high diversity and underline the often nuanced, multifactorial processes leading to species-rich clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Folk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Joseph L M Charboneau
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael Belitz
- Florida Museum, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tajinder Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | | | - Douglas E Soltis
- Florida Museum, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Pamela S Soltis
- Florida Museum, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Robert P Guralnick
- Florida Museum, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Carolina M Siniscalchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
- General Libraries, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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Joyce EM, Appelhans MS, Buerki S, Cheek M, de Vos JM, Pirani JR, Zuntini AR, Bachelier JB, Bayly MJ, Callmander MW, Devecchi MF, Pell SK, Groppo M, Lowry PP, Mitchell J, Siniscalchi CM, Munzinger J, Orel HK, Pannell CM, Nauheimer L, Sauquet H, Weeks A, Muellner-Riehl AN, Leitch IJ, Maurin O, Forest F, Nargar K, Thiele KR, Baker WJ, Crayn DM. Phylogenomic analyses of Sapindales support new family relationships, rapid Mid-Cretaceous Hothouse diversification, and heterogeneous histories of gene duplication. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1063174. [PMID: 36959945 PMCID: PMC10028101 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1063174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sapindales is an angiosperm order of high economic and ecological value comprising nine families, c. 479 genera, and c. 6570 species. However, family and subfamily relationships in Sapindales remain unclear, making reconstruction of the order's spatio-temporal and morphological evolution difficult. In this study, we used Angiosperms353 target capture data to generate the most densely sampled phylogenetic trees of Sapindales to date, with 448 samples and c. 85% of genera represented. The percentage of paralogous loci and allele divergence was characterized across the phylogeny, which was time-calibrated using 29 rigorously assessed fossil calibrations. All families were supported as monophyletic. Two core family clades subdivide the order, the first comprising Kirkiaceae, Burseraceae, and Anacardiaceae, the second comprising Simaroubaceae, Meliaceae, and Rutaceae. Kirkiaceae is sister to Burseraceae and Anacardiaceae, and, contrary to current understanding, Simaroubaceae is sister to Meliaceae and Rutaceae. Sapindaceae is placed with Nitrariaceae and Biebersteiniaceae as sister to the core Sapindales families, but the relationships between these families remain unclear, likely due to their rapid and ancient diversification. Sapindales families emerged in rapid succession, coincident with the climatic change of the Mid-Cretaceous Hothouse event. Subfamily and tribal relationships within the major families need revision, particularly in Sapindaceae, Rutaceae and Meliaceae. Much of the difficulty in reconstructing relationships at this level may be caused by the prevalence of paralogous loci, particularly in Meliaceae and Rutaceae, that are likely indicative of ancient gene duplication events such as hybridization and polyploidization playing a role in the evolutionary history of these families. This study provides key insights into factors that may affect phylogenetic reconstructions in Sapindales across multiple scales, and provides a state-of-the-art phylogenetic framework for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Joyce
- Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
- Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Marc S. Appelhans
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, University of Göttingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Sven Buerki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States
| | - Martin Cheek
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
| | - Jurriaan M. de Vos
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - José R. Pirani
- Departamento de Botaênica, Universidade de Saão Paulo, Herbário SPF, Saão Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Michael J. Bayly
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Marcelo F. Devecchi
- Departamento de Botaênica, Universidade de Saão Paulo, Herbário SPF, Saão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Susan K. Pell
- United States Botanic Garden, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Milton Groppo
- Departamento de Botaênica, Universidade de Saão Paulo, Herbário SPF, Saão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Porter P. Lowry
- Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, et Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - John Mitchell
- New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY, United States
| | - Carolina M. Siniscalchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Harned Hall, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
| | - Jérôme Munzinger
- AMAP, Université Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRAE), Montpellier, France
| | - Harvey K. Orel
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Caroline M. Pannell
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Marine Laboratory, Queen’s University Belfast, Portaferry, United Kingdom
| | - Lars Nauheimer
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
- Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Hervé Sauquet
- National Herbarium of New South Wales (NSW), Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrea Weeks
- Department of Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Alexandra N. Muellner-Riehl
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Félix Forest
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
| | - Katharina Nargar
- Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
- National Research Collections Australia, Commonwealth Industrial and Scientific Research Organization (CSIRO), Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Kevin R. Thiele
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Darren M. Crayn
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
- Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
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Zappi DC, Filardi FLR, Leitman P, Souza VC, Walter BM, Pirani JR, Morim MP, Queiroz LP, Cavalcanti TB, Mansano VF, Forzza RC, Abreu MC, Acevedo-Rodríguez P, Agra MF, Almeida Jr. EB, Almeida GS, Almeida RF, Alves FM, Alves M, Alves-Araujo A, Amaral MC, Amorim AM, Amorim B, Andrade IM, Andreata RH, Andrino CO, Anunciação EA, Aona LY, Aranguren Y, Aranha Filho JL, Araújo AO, Araújo AA, Araújo D, Arbo MM, Assis L, Assis MC, Assunção VA, Athiê-Souza SM, Azevedo CO, Baitello JB, Barberena FF, Barbosa MR, Barros F, Barros LA, Barros MJ, Baumgratz JF, Bernacci LC, Berry PE, Bigio NC, Biral L, Bittrich V, Borges RA, Bortoluzzi RL, Bove CP, Bovini MG, Braga JM, Braz DM, Bringel Jr. JB, Bruniera CP, Buturi CV, Cabral E, Cabral FN, Caddah MK, Caires CS, Calazans LS, Calió MF, Camargo RA, Campbell L, Canto-Dorow TS, Carauta JP, Cardiel JM, Cardoso DB, Cardoso LJ, Carneiro CR, Carneiro CE, Carneiro-Torres DS, Carrijo TT, Caruzo MB, Carvalho ML, Carvalho-Silva M, Castello AC, Cavalheiro L, Cervi AC, Chacon RG, Chautems A, Chiavegatto B, Chukr NS, Coelho AA, Coelho MA, Coelho RL, Cordeiro I, Cordula E, Cornejo X, Côrtes AL, Costa AF, Costa FN, Costa JA, Costa LC, Costa-e-Silva MB, Costa-Lima JL, Cota MR, Couto RS, Daly DC, De Stefano RD, De Toni K, Dematteis M, Dettke GA, Di Maio FR, Dórea MC, Duarte MC, Dutilh JH, Dutra VF, Echternacht L, Eggers L, Esteves G, Ezcurra C, Falcão Junior MJ, Feres F, Fernandes JM, Ferreira D, Ferreira FM, Ferreira GE, Ferreira PP, Ferreira SC, Ferrucci MS, Fiaschi P, Filgueiras TS, Firens M, Flores AS, Forero E, Forster W, Fortuna-Perez AP, Fortunato RH, Fraga CN, França F, Francener A, Freitas J, Freitas MF, Fritsch PW, Furtado SG, Gaglioti AL, Garcia FC, Germano Filho P, Giacomin L, Gil AS, Giulietti AM, A.P.Godoy S, Goldenberg R, Gomes da Costa GA, Gomes M, Gomes-Klein VL, Gonçalves EG, Graham S, Groppo M, Guedes JS, Guimarães LR, Guimarães PJ, Guimarães EF, Gutierrez R, Harley R, Hassemer G, Hattori EK, Hefler SM, Heiden G, Henderson A, Hensold N, Hiepko P, Holanda AS, Iganci JR, Imig DC, Indriunas A, Jacques EL, Jardim JG, Kamer HM, Kameyama C, Kinoshita LS, Kirizawa M, Klitgaard BB, Koch I, Koschnitzke C, Krauss NP, Kriebel R, Kuntz J, Larocca J, Leal ES, Lewis GP, Lima CT, Lima HC, Lima IB, Lima LF, Lima LC, Lima LR, Lima LF, Lima RB, Lírio EJ, Liro RM, Lleras E, Lobão A, Loeuille B, Lohmann LG, Loiola MI, Lombardi JA, Longhi-Wagner HM, Lopes RC, Lorencini TS, Louzada RB, Lovo J, Lozano ED, Lucas E, Ludtke R, Luz CL, Maas P, Machado AF, Macias L, Maciel JR, Magenta MA, Mamede MC, Manoel EA, Marchioretto MS, Marques JS, Marquete N, Marquete R, Martinelli G, Martins da Silva RC, Martins ÂB, Martins ER, Martins ML, Martins MV, Martins RC, Matias LQ, Maya-L. CA, Mayo S, Mazine F, Medeiros D, Medeiros ES, Medeiros H, Medeiros JD, Meireles JE, Mello-Silva R, Melo A, Melo AL, Melo E, Melo JI, Menezes CG, Menini Neto L, Mentz LA, Mezzonato A, Michelangeli FA, Milward-de-Azevedo MA, Miotto ST, Miranda VF, Mondin CA, Monge M, Monteiro D, Monteiro RF, Moraes MD, Moraes PL, Mori SA, Mota AC, Mota NF, Moura TM, Mulgura M, Nakajima JN, Nardy C, Nascimento Júnior JE, Noblick L, Nunes TS, O'Leary N, Oliveira AS, Oliveira CT, Oliveira JA, Oliveira LS, Oliveira ML, Oliveira RC, Oliveira RS, Oliveira RP, Paixão-Souza B, Parra LR, Pasini E, Pastore JF, Pastore M, Paula-Souza J, Pederneiras LC, Peixoto AL, Pelissari G, Pellegrini MO, Pennington T, Perdiz RO, Pereira AC, Pereira MS, Pereira RA, Pessoa C, Pessoa EM, Pessoa MC, Pinto LJ, Pinto RB, Pontes TA, Prance GT, Proença C, Profice SR, Pscheidt AC, Queiroz GA, Queiroz RT, Quinet A, Rainer H, Ramos E, Rando JG, Rapini A, Reginato M, Reis IP, Reis PA, Ribeiro AR, Ribeiro JE, Riina R, Ritter MR, Rivadavia F, Rocha AE, Rocha MJ, Rodrigues IM, Rodrigues KF, Rodrigues RS, Rodrigues RS, Rodrigues VT, Rodrigues W, Romaniuc Neto S, Romão GO, Romero R, Roque N, Rosa P, Rossi L, Sá CF, Saavedra MM, Saka M, Sakuragui CM, Salas RM, Sales MF, Salimena FR, Sampaio D, Sancho G, Sano PT, Santos A, Santos ÉP, Santos JS, Santos MR, Santos-Gonçalves AP, Santos-Silva F, São-Mateus W, Saraiva DP, Saridakis DP, Sartori ÂL, Scalon VR, Schneider Â, Sebastiani R, Secco RS, Senna L, Senna-Valle L, Shirasuna RT, Silva Filho PJ, Silva AS, Silva C, Silva GA, Silva GO, Silva MC, Silva MJ, Silva MJ, Silva OL, Silva RA, Silva SR, Silva TR, Silva-Gonçalves KC, Silva-Luz CL, Simão-Bianchini R, Simões AO, Simpson B, Siniscalchi CM, Siqueira Filho JA, Siqueira CE, Siqueira JC, Smith NP, Snak C, Soares Neto RL, Soares KP, Soares MV, Soares ML, Soares PN, Sobral M, Sodré RC, Somner GV, Sothers CA, Sousa DJ, Souza EB, Souza ÉR, Souza M, Souza ML, Souza-Buturi FO, Spina AP, Stapf MN, Stefano MV, Stehmann JR, Steinmann V, Takeuchi C, Taylor CM, Taylor NP, Teles AM, Temponi LG, Terra-Araujo MH, Thode V, Thomas W, Tissot-Squalli ML, Torke BM, Torres RB, Tozzi AM, Trad RJ, Trevisan R, Trovó M, Valls JF, Vaz AM, Versieux L, Viana PL, Vianna Filho MD, Vieira AO, Vieira DD, Vignoli-Silva M, Vilar T, Vinhos F, Wallnöfer B, Wanderley MG, Wasshausen D, Watanabe MT, Weigend M, Welker CA, Woodgyer E, Xifreda CC, Yamamoto K, Zanin A, Zenni RD, Zickel CS. Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil. Rodriguésia 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860201566411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 803] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora.
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