1
|
Pollock D, Bailey HD, Hasanoff S, Munn Z, Valenzuela C, Stern C, Price C, Marriott R, Gliddon J, Lewis C, Michie C, Bowie M, Penny M, Reibel T, Warland J, Farrant B, White SW, Shepherd CCJ. First Nations Peoples' perceptions, knowledge and beliefs regarding stillbirth prevention and bereavement practices: A mixed methods systematic review. Women Birth 2024; 37:101604. [PMID: 38640744 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2024.101604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND First Nations Peoples endure disproportionate rates of stillbirth compared with non-First Nations Peoples. Previous interventions have aimed at reducing stillbirth in First Nations Peoples and providing better bereavement care without necessarily understanding the perceptions, knowledge and beliefs that could influence the design of the intervention and implementation. AIM The aim of this review was to understand the perceptions, knowledge and beliefs about stillbirth prevention and bereavement of First Nations Peoples from the US, Canada, Aotearoa/New Zealand, and Australia. METHODS This review was conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for a convergent integrated mixed method systematic review. This review was overseen by an advisory board of Aboriginal Elders, researchers, and clinicians. A search of eight databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Embase, Emcare, Dissertations and Theses and Indigenous Health InfoNet) and grey literature was conducted. All studies were screened, extracted, and appraised for quality by two reviewers and results were categorised, and narratively summarised. RESULTS Ten studies were included within this review. Their findings were summarised into four categories: safeguarding baby, traditional practices of birthing and grieving, bereavement photography and post-mortem examination. The results indicate a diversity of perceptions, knowledge and beliefs primarily around smoking cessation and bereavement practices after stillbirth. However, there was a paucity of research available. CONCLUSIONS Further research is needed to understand the perceptions, knowledge and beliefs about stillbirth among First Nations Peoples. Without research within this area, interventions to prevent stillbirth and support bereaved parents and their communities after stillbirth may face barriers to implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Pollock
- Health Evidence Synthesis Recommendations and Impact (HESRI), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Helen D Bailey
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sabira Hasanoff
- Health Evidence Synthesis Recommendations and Impact (HESRI), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Zachary Munn
- Health Evidence Synthesis Recommendations and Impact (HESRI), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Chelsea Valenzuela
- JBI, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Cindy Stern
- JBI, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Carrie Price
- Albert S. Cook Library, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
| | - Rhonda Marriott
- Ngangk Yira Institute for Change, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Janinne Gliddon
- Ngangk Yira Institute for Change, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Carolyn Lewis
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Carol Michie
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Muriel Bowie
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Millie Penny
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Tracy Reibel
- Ngangk Yira Institute for Change, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Brad Farrant
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Scott W White
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Maternal Fetal Medicine Service, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia; The Western Australian Centre for Health Research for Women and Babies, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Carrington C J Shepherd
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Ngangk Yira Institute for Change, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Massi L, Lewis C, Stewart S, Jans D, Gautam R, Jalloub L, Bowman A, Middleton P, Vlack S, Boyle FM, Shepherd C, Flenady V, Stuart-Butler D, Rae KM. Looking after bubba for all our mob: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community experiences and perceptions of stillbirth. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1385125. [PMID: 38689763 PMCID: PMC11059953 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1385125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The stillbirth rate among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women and communities in Australia is around double that of non-Indigenous women. While the development of effective prevention strategies during pregnancy and improving care following stillbirth for women and families in communities has become a national priority, there has been limited progress in stillbirth disparities. With community permission, this study aimed to gain a better understanding of community experiences, perceptions, and priorities around stillbirth. We undertook an Indigenous researcher-led, qualitative study, with community consultations guided by a cultural protection protocol and within an unstructured research framework. A total of 18 communities were consulted face-to-face through yarning interviews, focus groups and workshops. This included 54 community member and 159 health professional participants across remote, regional, and urban areas of Queensland, Western Australia, Victoria, South Australia, and Northern Territory. Thematic analysis of consultation data identified common themes across five focus/priority areas to address stillbirth: Stillbirth or Sorry Business Baby care needs to be family-centered; using Indigenous "ways of knowing, being, and doing" to ensure cultural safety; application of Birthing on Country principles to maternal and perinatal care; and yarning approaches to improve communication and learning or education. The results underscore the critical need to co-design evidence-based, culturally appropriate, and community-acceptable resources to help reduce existing disparities in stillbirth rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Massi
- Stillbirth Centre of Research Excellence, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Indigenous Health Research Group, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Carolyn Lewis
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Diana Jans
- Apunipima Cape York Health Council, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Rupesh Gautam
- Stillbirth Centre of Research Excellence, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lina Jalloub
- Stillbirth Centre of Research Excellence, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anneka Bowman
- Department Aboriginal Communities and Families Research Alliance, South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Philippa Middleton
- Stillbirth Centre of Research Excellence, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Pregnancy and Perinatal Care, South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sue Vlack
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Frances M. Boyle
- Stillbirth Centre of Research Excellence, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Social Science Research (ISSR), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Carrington Shepherd
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Ngangk Yira Research Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Vicki Flenady
- Stillbirth Centre of Research Excellence, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Deanna Stuart-Butler
- Stillbirth Centre of Research Excellence, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kym M. Rae
- Stillbirth Centre of Research Excellence, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Indigenous Health Research Group, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Skirrow H, Foley K, Bedford H, Lewis C, Whittaker E, Costelloe C, Saxena S. Impact of pregnancy vaccine uptake and socio-demographic determinants on subsequent childhood Measles, Mumps and Rubella vaccine uptake: A UK birth cohort study. Vaccine 2024; 42:322-331. [PMID: 38072757 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the association between socio-demographic determinants and uptake of childhood Measles, Mumps & Rubella (MMR) vaccines and the association between pregnant women's pertussis vaccine uptake and their children's MMR vaccine uptake. METHODS We used nationally-representative linked mother-baby electronic records from the United Kingdom's Clinical-Practice-Research-Datalink. We created a birth cohort of children born between 01.01.2000 and 12.12.2020. We estimated the proportion vaccinated with first MMR vaccine by age 2 years and first and second MMR vaccines by age 5 years. We used survival-analysis and Cox proportional hazard models to examine the association between deprivation, ethnicity and maternal age and pertussis vaccination in pregnancy and children's MMR uptake. RESULTS Overall, 89.4 % (710,797/795,497) of children had first MMR by age 2 years and 92.6 % (736,495/795,497) by age 5 years. Among children still in the cohort when second MMR was due, 85.9 % (478,480/557,050) had two MMRs by age 5 years. Children from the most-deprived areas, children of Black ethnicity and children of mothers aged < 20 years had increased risk of being unvaccinated compared with children from the least-deprived areas, White children and children of mothers aged 31-40 years: first MMR by 5 years, adjusted Hazard Ratios (HR):0.86 (CI:0.85-0.87), HR:0.87 (CI:0.85-0.88) & HR:0.89 (CI:0.88-0.90) respectively. Deprivation was the determinant associated with the greatest risk of missed second MMR: adjusted HR:0.82 (CI:0.81-0.83). Children of mothers vaccinated in pregnancy were more likely than children of unvaccinated mothers to have MMR vaccines after adjusting for ethnicity, deprivation, and maternal age (First and Second MMRs adjusted HRs:1.43 (CI:1.41-1.45), 1.49 (CI:1.45-1.53). CONCLUSION Children from most-deprived areas are less likely to have MMR vaccines compared with children from least-deprived areas. Mothers who take up pregnancy vaccines are more likely to have their children vaccinated with MMR. Healthcare services should promote and facilitate access to both maternal and childhood vaccines during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Skirrow
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
| | - K Foley
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - H Bedford
- Population, Policy and Practice, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - C Lewis
- Population, Policy and Practice, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, United Kingdom; London North Genomic Laboratory Hub, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - E Whittaker
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | - C Costelloe
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Saxena
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bryan RT, Pirrie SJ, Abbotts B, Maycock S, During V, Lewis C, Grant M, Bird D, Devall AJ, Wallace DMA, James ND, Billingham LJ, Zeegers MP, Cheng KK. Selenium and Vitamin E for Prevention of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Recurrence and Progression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2337494. [PMID: 37847504 PMCID: PMC10582794 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.37494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Selenium and vitamin E have been identified as promising agents for the chemoprevention of recurrence and progression of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Objective To determine whether selenium and/or vitamin E may prevent disease recurrence in patients with newly diagnosed NMIBC. Design, Setting, and Participants This multicenter, prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, 2 × 2 factorial randomized clinical trial included patients with newly diagnosed NMIBC recruited from 10 secondary or tertiary care hospitals in the UK. A total of 755 patients were screened for inclusion; 484 did not meet the inclusion criteria, and 1 declined to participate. A total of 270 patients were randomly assigned to 4 groups (selenium plus placebo, vitamin E plus placebo, selenium plus vitamin E, and placebo plus placebo) in a double-blind fashion between July 17, 2007, and October 10, 2011. Eligibility included initial diagnosis of NMIBC (stages Ta, T1, or Tis); randomization within 12 months of first transurethral resection was required. Interventions Oral selenium (200 μg/d of high-selenium yeast) and matched vitamin E placebo, vitamin E (200 IU/d of d-alfa-tocopherol) and matched selenium placebo, selenium and vitamin E, or placebo and placebo. Main Outcome and Measures Recurrence-free interval (RFI) on an intention-to-treat basis (analyses completed on November 28, 2022). Results The study randomized 270 patients (mean [SD] age, 68.9 [10.4] years; median [IQR] age, 69 [63-77] years; 202 male [75%]), with 65 receiving selenium and vitamin E placebo, 71 receiving vitamin E and selenium placebo, 69 receiving selenium and vitamin E, and 65 receiving both placebos. Median overall follow-up was 5.5 years (IQR, 5.1-6.1 years); 228 patients (84%) were followed up for more than 5 years. Median treatment duration was 1.5 years (IQR, 0.9-2.5 years). The study was halted because of slow accrual. For selenium (n = 134) vs no selenium (n = 136), there was no difference in RFI (hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.65-1.31; P = .65). For vitamin E (n = 140) vs no vitamin E (n = 130), there was a statistically significant detriment to RFI (hazard ratio, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.02-2.09; P = .04). No significant differences were observed for progression-free interval or overall survival time with either supplement. Results were unchanged after Cox proportional hazards regression modeling to adjust for known prognostic factors. In total, 1957 adverse events were reported; 85 were serious adverse events, and all were considered unrelated to trial treatment. Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial of selenium and vitamin E, selenium supplementation did not reduce the risk of recurrence in patients with NMIBC, but vitamin E supplementation was associated with an increased risk of recurrence. Neither selenium nor vitamin E influenced progression or overall survival. Vitamin E supplementation may be harmful to patients with NMIBC, and elucidation of the underlying biology is required. Trial Registration isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN13889738.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard T. Bryan
- Bladder Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J. Pirrie
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Abbotts
- Bladder Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shanna Maycock
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Vinnie During
- Department of Urology, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Margaret Grant
- Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Bird
- Bladder Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J. Devall
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - D. Michael A. Wallace
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas D. James
- Prostate and Bladder Cancer Research Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucinda J. Billingham
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Maurice P. Zeegers
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- MPB holding, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - K. K. Cheng
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pollock D, Bailey HD, Munn Z, Hasanoff S, Valenzuela C, Stern C, Price C, Marriott R, Gliddon J, Lewis C, Michie C, Bowie M, Penny M, Reibel T, Warland J, Farrant B, White SW, Shepherd CCJ. First Nations populations' perceptions, knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and myths about prevention and bereavement in stillbirth: a mixed methods systematic review protocol. JBI Evid Synth 2023; 21:2142-2150. [PMID: 37609717 DOI: 10.11124/jbies-23-00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to investigate First Nations populations' perceptions, knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and myths about stillbirth. INTRODUCTION First Nations populations experience disproportionate rates of stillbirth compared with non-First Nations populations. There has been a surge of interventions aimed at reducing stillbirth and providing better bereavement care, but these are not necessarily appropriate for First Nations populations. As a first step toward developing appropriate interventions for these populations, this review will examine current perceptions, knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and myths about stillbirth held by First Nations people from the United States, Canada, Aotearoa/New Zealand, and Australia. INCLUSION CRITERIA The review will consider studies that include individuals of any age (bereaved or non-bereaved) who identify as belonging to First Nations populations. Eligible studies will include the perceptions, knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and myths about stillbirth among First Nations populations. METHODS This review will follow the JBI methodology for convergent mixed methods systematic reviews. The review is supported by an advisory panel of Aboriginal elders, lived-experience stillbirth researchers, Aboriginal researchers, and clinicians. PubMed, MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Embase (Ovid), Emcare (Ovid), PsycINFO (EBSCOhost), Indigenous Health InfoNet, Trove, Informit, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses will be searched for relevant information. Titles and abstracts of potential studies will be screened and examined for eligibility. After critical appraisal, quantitative and qualitative data will be extracted from included studies, with the former "qualitized" and the data undergoing a convergent integrated approach. REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42023379627.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Pollock
- JBI, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Helen D Bailey
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Zachary Munn
- JBI, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sabira Hasanoff
- JBI, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Chelsea Valenzuela
- JBI, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Cindy Stern
- JBI, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Carrie Price
- Albert S. Cook Library, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
| | - Rhonda Marriott
- Ngangk Yira Institute for Change, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Janinne Gliddon
- Ngangk Yira Institute for Change, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Carolyn Lewis
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Carol Michie
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Muriel Bowie
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Millie Penny
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Tracy Reibel
- Ngangk Yira Institute for Change, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jane Warland
- Curtin School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Brad Farrant
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Scott W White
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Service, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Carrington C J Shepherd
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Ngangk Yira Institute for Change, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rhodes C, Lewis C, Price K, Valentine A, Creighton MRA, Boone E, Seashols-Williams S. Evaluation and Verification of a microRNA Panel Using Quadratic Discriminant Analysis for the Classification of Human Body Fluids in DNA Extracts. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14050968. [PMID: 37239328 DOI: 10.3390/genes14050968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
There is significant interest in the use of miRNA analysis for forensic body fluid identification. Demonstrated co-extraction and detection in DNA extracts could make the use of miRNAs a more streamlined molecular body fluid identification method than other RNA-based methods. We previously reported a reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) panel of eight miRNAs that classified venous and menstrual blood, feces, urine, saliva, semen, and vaginal secretions using a quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) model with 93% accuracy in RNA extracts. Herein, miRNA expression in DNA extracts from 50 donors of each body fluid were tested using the model. Initially, a classification rate of 87% was obtained, which increased to 92% when three additional miRNAs were added. Body fluid identification was found to be reliable across population samples of mixed ages, ethnicities, and sex, with 72-98% of the unknown samples classifying correctly. The model was then tested against compromised samples and over biological cycles, where classification accuracy varied, depending on the body fluid. In conclusion, we demonstrated the ability to classify body fluids using miRNA expression from DNA extracts, eliminating the need for RNA extraction, greatly reducing evidentiary sample consumption and processing time in forensic laboratories, but acknowledge that compromised semen and saliva samples can fail to classify properly, and mixed sample classification remains untested and may have limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Rhodes
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O. Box 843079, 1015 Floyd Ave., Richmond, VA 23284-3079, USA
- Integrative Life Sciences Program, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O. Box 842030, 1000 West Cary St., Richmond, VA 23284-2030, USA
| | - Carolyn Lewis
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O. Box 843079, 1015 Floyd Ave., Richmond, VA 23284-3079, USA
- Integrative Life Sciences Program, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O. Box 842030, 1000 West Cary St., Richmond, VA 23284-2030, USA
| | - Kelsey Price
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O. Box 843079, 1015 Floyd Ave., Richmond, VA 23284-3079, USA
| | - Anaya Valentine
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O. Box 843079, 1015 Floyd Ave., Richmond, VA 23284-3079, USA
| | - Mary-Randall A Creighton
- Center for Biological Data Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O. Box 842030, 1015 Floyd Ave., Richmond, VA 23284-2030, USA
| | - Edward Boone
- Department of Statistical Sciences and Operations Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O. Box 843083, 1015 Floyd Ave., Richmond, VA 23284-3083, USA
| | - Sarah Seashols-Williams
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O. Box 843079, 1015 Floyd Ave., Richmond, VA 23284-3079, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Girardi F, Matz M, Stiller C, You H, Marcos Gragera R, Valkov MY, Bulliard JL, De P, Morrison D, Wanner M, O'Brian DK, Saint-Jacques N, Coleman MP, Allemani C, Hamdi-Chérif M, Kara L, Meguenni K, Regagba D, Bayo S, Cheick Bougadari T, Manraj SS, Bendahhou K, Ladipo A, Ogunbiyi OJ, Somdyala NIM, Chaplin MA, Moreno F, Calabrano GH, Espinola SB, Carballo Quintero B, Fita R, Laspada WD, Ibañez SG, Lima CA, Da Costa AM, De Souza PCF, Chaves J, Laporte CA, Curado MP, de Oliveira JC, Veneziano CLA, Veneziano DB, Almeida ABM, Latorre MRDO, Rebelo MS, Santos MO, Azevedo e Silva G, Galaz JC, Aparicio Aravena M, Sanhueza Monsalve J, Herrmann DA, Vargas S, Herrera VM, Uribe CJ, Bravo LE, Garcia LS, Arias-Ortiz NE, Morantes D, Jurado DM, Yépez Chamorro MC, Delgado S, Ramirez M, Galán Alvarez YH, Torres P, Martínez-Reyes F, Jaramillo L, Quinto R, Castillo J, Mendoza M, Cueva P, Yépez JG, Bhakkan B, Deloumeaux J, Joachim C, Macni J, Carrillo R, Shalkow Klincovstein J, Rivera Gomez R, Perez P, Poquioma E, Tortolero-Luna G, Zavala D, Alonso R, Barrios E, Eckstrand A, Nikiforuk C, Woods RR, Noonan G, Turner D, Kumar E, Zhang B, Dowden JJ, Doyle GP, Saint-Jacques N, Walsh G, Anam A, De P, McClure CA, Vriends KA, Bertrand C, Ramanakumar AV, Davis L, Kozie S, Freeman T, George JT, Avila RM, O’Brien DK, Holt A, Almon L, Kwong S, Morris C, Rycroft R, Mueller L, Phillips CE, Brown H, Cromartie B, Ruterbusch J, Schwartz AG, Levin GM, Wohler B, Bayakly R, Ward KC, Gomez SL, McKinley M, Cress R, Davis J, Hernandez B, Johnson CJ, Morawski BM, Ruppert LP, Bentler S, Charlton ME, Huang B, Tucker TC, Deapen D, Liu L, Hsieh MC, Wu XC, Schwenn M, Stern K, Gershman ST, Knowlton RC, Alverson G, Weaver T, Desai J, Rogers DB, Jackson-Thompson J, Lemons D, Zimmerman HJ, Hood M, Roberts-Johnson J, Hammond W, Rees JR, Pawlish KS, Stroup A, Key C, Wiggins C, Kahn AR, Schymura MJ, Radhakrishnan S, Rao C, Giljahn LK, Slocumb RM, Dabbs C, Espinoza RE, Aird KG, Beran T, Rubertone JJ, Slack SJ, Oh J, Janes TA, Schwartz SM, Chiodini SC, Hurley DM, Whiteside MA, Rai S, Williams MA, Herget K, Sweeney C, Kachajian J, Keitheri Cheteri MB, Migliore Santiago P, Blankenship SE, Conaway JL, Borchers R, Malicki R, Espinoza J, Grandpre J, Weir HK, Wilson R, Edwards BK, Mariotto A, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Wang N, Yang L, Chen JS, Zhou Y, He YT, Song GH, Gu XP, Mei D, Mu HJ, Ge HM, Wu TH, Li YY, Zhao DL, Jin F, Zhang JH, Zhu FD, Junhua Q, Yang YL, Jiang CX, Biao W, Wang J, Li QL, Yi H, Zhou X, Dong J, Li W, Fu FX, Liu SZ, Chen JG, Zhu J, Li YH, Lu YQ, Fan M, Huang SQ, Guo GP, Zhaolai H, Wei K, Chen WQ, Wei W, Zeng H, Demetriou AV, Mang WK, Ngan KC, Kataki AC, Krishnatreya M, Jayalekshmi PA, Sebastian P, George PS, Mathew A, Nandakumar A, Malekzadeh R, Roshandel G, Keinan-Boker L, Silverman BG, Ito H, Koyanagi Y, Sato M, Tobori F, Nakata I, Teramoto N, Hattori M, Kaizaki Y, Moki F, Sugiyama H, Utada M, Nishimura M, Yoshida K, Kurosawa K, Nemoto Y, Narimatsu H, Sakaguchi M, Kanemura S, Naito M, Narisawa R, Miyashiro I, Nakata K, Mori D, Yoshitake M, Oki I, Fukushima N, Shibata A, Iwasa K, Ono C, Matsuda T, Nimri O, Jung KW, Won YJ, Alawadhi E, Elbasmi A, Ab Manan A, Adam F, Nansalmaa E, Tudev U, Ochir C, Al Khater AM, El Mistiri MM, Lim GH, Teo YY, Chiang CJ, Lee WC, Buasom R, Sangrajrang S, Suwanrungruang K, Vatanasapt P, Daoprasert K, Pongnikorn D, Leklob A, Sangkitipaiboon S, Geater SL, Sriplung H, Ceylan O, Kög I, Dirican O, Köse T, Gurbuz T, Karaşahin FE, Turhan D, Aktaş U, Halat Y, Eser S, Yakut CI, Altinisik M, Cavusoglu Y, Türkköylü A, Üçüncü N, Hackl M, Zborovskaya AA, Aleinikova OV, Henau K, Van Eycken L, Atanasov TY, Valerianova Z, Šekerija M, Dušek L, Zvolský M, Steinrud Mørch L, Storm H, Wessel Skovlund C, Innos K, Mägi M, Malila N, Seppä K, Jégu J, Velten M, Cornet E, Troussard X, Bouvier AM, Guizard AV, Bouvier V, Launoy G, Dabakuyo Yonli S, Poillot ML, Maynadié M, Mounier M, Vaconnet L, Woronoff AS, Daoulas M, Robaszkiewicz M, Clavel J, Poulalhon C, Desandes E, Lacour B, Baldi I, Amadeo B, Coureau G, Monnereau A, Orazio S, Audoin M, D’Almeida TC, Boyer S, Hammas K, Trétarre B, Colonna M, Delafosse P, Plouvier S, Cowppli-Bony A, Molinié F, Bara S, Ganry O, Lapôtre-Ledoux B, Daubisse-Marliac L, Bossard N, Uhry Z, Estève J, Stabenow R, Wilsdorf-Köhler H, Eberle A, Luttmann S, Löhden I, Nennecke AL, Kieschke J, Sirri E, Justenhoven C, Reinwald F, Holleczek B, Eisemann N, Katalinic A, Asquez RA, Kumar V, Petridou E, Ólafsdóttir EJ, Tryggvadóttir L, Murray DE, Walsh PM, Sundseth H, Harney M, Mazzoleni G, Vittadello F, Coviello E, Cuccaro F, Galasso R, Sampietro G, Giacomin A, Magoni M, Ardizzone A, D’Argenzio A, Di Prima AA, Ippolito A, Lavecchia AM, Sutera Sardo A, Gola G, Ballotari P, Giacomazzi E, Ferretti S, Dal Maso L, Serraino D, Celesia MV, Filiberti RA, Pannozzo F, Melcarne A, Quarta F, Andreano A, Russo AG, Carrozzi G, Cirilli C, Cavalieri d’Oro L, Rognoni M, Fusco M, Vitale MF, Usala M, Cusimano R, Mazzucco W, Michiara M, Sgargi P, Boschetti L, Marguati S, Chiaranda G, Seghini P, Maule MM, Merletti F, Spata E, Tumino R, Mancuso P, Cassetti T, Sassatelli R, Falcini F, Giorgetti S, Caiazzo AL, Cavallo R, Piras D, Bella F, Madeddu A, Fanetti AC, Maspero S, Carone S, Mincuzzi A, Candela G, Scuderi T, Gentilini MA, Rizzello R, Rosso S, Caldarella A, Intrieri T, Bianconi F, Contiero P, Tagliabue G, Rugge M, Zorzi M, Beggiato S, Brustolin A, Gatta G, De Angelis R, Vicentini M, Zanetti R, Stracci F, Maurina A, Oniščuka M, Mousavi M, Steponaviciene L, Vincerževskienė I, Azzopardi MJ, Calleja N, Siesling S, Visser O, Johannesen TB, Larønningen S, Trojanowski M, Macek P, Mierzwa T, Rachtan J, Rosińska A, Kępska K, Kościańska B, Barna K, Sulkowska U, Gebauer T, Łapińska JB, Wójcik-Tomaszewska J, Motnyk M, Patro A, Gos A, Sikorska K, Bielska-Lasota M, Didkowska JA, Wojciechowska U, Forjaz de Lacerda G, Rego RA, Carrito B, Pais A, Bento MJ, Rodrigues J, Lourenço A, Mayer-da-Silva A, Coza D, Todescu AI, Valkov MY, Gusenkova L, Lazarevich O, Prudnikova O, Vjushkov DM, Egorova A, Orlov A, Pikalova LV, Zhuikova LD, Adamcik J, Safaei Diba C, Zadnik V, Žagar T, De-La-Cruz M, Lopez-de-Munain A, Aleman A, Rojas D, Chillarón RJ, Navarro AIM, Marcos-Gragera R, Puigdemont M, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Sánchez Perez MJ, Franch Sureda P, Ramos Montserrat M, Chirlaque López MD, Sánchez Gil A, Ardanaz E, Guevara M, Cañete-Nieto A, Peris-Bonet R, Carulla M, Galceran J, Almela F, Sabater C, Khan S, Pettersson D, Dickman P, Staehelin K, Struchen B, Egger Hayoz C, Rapiti E, Schaffar R, Went P, Mousavi SM, Bulliard JL, Maspoli-Conconi M, Kuehni CE, Redmond SM, Bordoni A, Ortelli L, Chiolero A, Konzelmann I, Rohrmann S, Wanner M, Broggio J, Rashbass J, Stiller C, Fitzpatrick D, Gavin A, Morrison DS, Thomson CS, Greene G, Huws DW, Grayson M, Rawcliffe H, Allemani C, Coleman MP, Di Carlo V, Girardi F, Matz M, Minicozzi P, Sanz N, Ssenyonga N, James D, Stephens R, Chalker E, Smith M, Gugusheff J, You H, Qin Li S, Dugdale S, Moore J, Philpot S, Pfeiffer R, Thomas H, Silva Ragaini B, Venn AJ, Evans SM, Te Marvelde L, Savietto V, Trevithick R, Aitken J, Currow D, Fowler C, Lewis C. Global survival trends for brain tumors, by histology: analysis of individual records for 556,237 adults diagnosed in 59 countries during 2000-2014 (CONCORD-3). Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:580-592. [PMID: 36355361 PMCID: PMC10013649 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival is a key metric of the effectiveness of a health system in managing cancer. We set out to provide a comprehensive examination of worldwide variation and trends in survival from brain tumors in adults, by histology. METHODS We analyzed individual data for adults (15-99 years) diagnosed with a brain tumor (ICD-O-3 topography code C71) during 2000-2014, regardless of tumor behavior. Data underwent a 3-phase quality control as part of CONCORD-3. We estimated net survival for 11 histology groups, using the unbiased nonparametric Pohar Perme estimator. RESULTS The study included 556,237 adults. In 2010-2014, the global range in age-standardized 5-year net survival for the most common sub-types was broad: in the range 20%-38% for diffuse and anaplastic astrocytoma, from 4% to 17% for glioblastoma, and between 32% and 69% for oligodendroglioma. For patients with glioblastoma, the largest gains in survival occurred between 2000-2004 and 2005-2009. These improvements were more noticeable among adults diagnosed aged 40-70 years than among younger adults. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the largest account to date of global trends in population-based survival for brain tumors by histology in adults. We have highlighted remarkable gains in 5-year survival from glioblastoma since 2005, providing large-scale empirical evidence on the uptake of chemoradiation at population level. Worldwide, survival improvements have been extensive, but some countries still lag behind. Our findings may help clinicians involved in national and international tumor pathway boards to promote initiatives aimed at more extensive implementation of clinical guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Girardi
- Cancer Survival Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Cancer Division, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Division of Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Melissa Matz
- Cancer Survival Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Charles Stiller
- National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Hui You
- Cancer Information Analysis Unit, Cancer Institute NSW, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rafael Marcos Gragera
- Epidemiology Unit and Girona Cancer Registry, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
| | - Mikhail Y Valkov
- Department of Radiology, Radiotherapy and Oncology, Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Jean-Luc Bulliard
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Neuchâtel and Jura Tumour Registry, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Prithwish De
- Surveillance and Cancer Registry, and Research Office, Clinical Institutes and Quality Programs, Ontario Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Morrison
- Scottish Cancer Registry, Public Health Scotland, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Miriam Wanner
- Cancer Registry Zürich, Zug, Schaffhausen and Schwyz, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David K O'Brian
- Alaska Cancer Registry, Alaska Department of Health and Social Services, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Nathalie Saint-Jacques
- Department of Medicine and Community Health and Epidemiology, Centre for Clinical Research, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Michel P Coleman
- Cancer Survival Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Cancer Division, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Claudia Allemani
- Cancer Survival Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lewis C, Margolis D, Browne E. PP 3.10 – 00168 Vpr synergizes with vorinostat to prevent HIV-1 latency establishment. J Virus Erad 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2022.100190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
9
|
Berland LL, Tarrant MJ, Heitkamp DE, Beavers KM, Lewis C. Maintenance of Certification in Radiology: Eliciting Radiologist Preferences Using a Discrete Choice Experiment. J Am Coll Radiol 2022; 19:1052-1068. [PMID: 35963282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantitatively assess radiologists' preferences for Maintenance of Certification (MOC) and Continuing Certification (CC) using a survey of attitudes and perceptions. METHODS A questionnaire that assessed attitudes and perceptions and included a discrete choice or trade-off task was developed by ACR staff in conjunction with an independent market research agency and the Survey Subcommittee of the ACR Task Force on Certification in Radiology. The trade-off exercise was integrated into this methodology to better understand the underlying utilities or preferences of the components of MOC-CC among respondents and to better enable specific recommendations on how to optimize the current program. The survey was administered via e-mail to 17,305 ACR members. The demographic and practice characteristics of the 1,994 (11.5%) respondents were similar to the ACR radiologist membership and correspond to a normal distribution. At a 95% confidence level, with a margin of error 2.1%, we believe that the respondent population fairly reflects the actual population. RESULTS Similar proportions judged the existing program as excellent or very good (36%), or fair or poor (35%), with 27% neutral. MOC-CC was perceived more often as excellent or very good by those who were grandfathered yet still participating in MOC, were in academic practice, were in an urban setting, were older, or had a role with the ABR. In contrast, MOC-CC was more often judged as fair or poor by those who were not grandfathered, were in private practice, were in a rural setting, or were younger. The current MOC-CC program is not well regarded by diplomates, with few showing preference or acceptability. The program's reception is most sensitive to the following attributes: absence or presence of a practice quality improvement requirement, Online Longitudinal Assessment content including or excluding general radiology in addition to one's specialty and inclusion or exclusion of self-assessment as part of the CME. CONCLUSION ACR members diverged in their attitudes toward MOC, with differences among specific demographic and practice characteristics. The current package of features of MOC-CC was widely viewed as unsatisfactory, and a more optimal feature set arose from a simulation exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lincoln L Berland
- Professor Emeritus, Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
| | - Mary Jo Tarrant
- Environmental Intelligence, Office of Strategic Planning and Business Excellence, American College of Radiology, Reston, Virginia; staff of the American College of Radiology
| | - Darel E Heitkamp
- Department of Radiology, Advent Health Orlando, FL, Orlando, Florida
| | - Kimberly M Beavers
- Breast Imaging Radiologist, AdventHealth Imaging Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - C Lewis
- Professor, Breast Imaging & Ultrasound, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Chair, ACR Task Force on Certification in Radiology
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mutz J, Hoppen T, Fabbri C, Lewis C. Anxiety disorders and age-related changes in physiology. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9566825 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Anxiety disorders are leading contributors to the global disease burden, highly prevalent across the lifespan, and associated with substantially increased morbidity and early mortality. Objectives The aim of this study was to examine age-related changes across a wide range of physiological measures in middle-aged and older adults with a lifetime history of anxiety disorders compared to healthy controls. Methods The UK Biobank study recruited >500,000 adults, aged 37-73, between 2006-2010. We used generalised additive models to estimate non-linear associations between age and hand-grip strength, cardiovascular function, body composition, lung function and heel bone mineral density in cases vs. controls. Results The main dataset included 332,078 adults (mean age = 56.37 years; 52.65% females). In both sexes, individuals with anxiety disorders had lower hand-grip strength and blood pressure than healthy controls, while their pulse rate and body composition measures were higher. Case-control differences were larger when considering individuals with chronic and/or severe anxiety disorders, and differences in body composition were modulated by depression comorbidity status. Differences in age-related physiological changes between female anxiety disorder cases and healthy controls were most evident for blood pressure, pulse rate and body composition, while in males for hand-grip strength, blood pressure and body composition. Most differences in physiological measures between cases and controls tended to decrease with age increase. Conclusions Individuals with a lifetime history of anxiety disorders differed from healthy controls across multiple physiological measures, with some evidence of case-control differences by age. The differences observed varied by chronicity/severity and depression comorbidity. Disclosure JM receives studentship funding from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) and Eli Lilly and Company Limited. CML is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Myriad Neuroscience. CF and THH declare no relevant conflict of
Collapse
|
11
|
du Plessis J, Gounden SK, Lewis C. Paediatric minor head injury applied to Paediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network CT recommendations: An audit. SA J Radiol 2022; 26:2289. [PMID: 35548708 PMCID: PMC9082282 DOI: 10.4102/sajr.v26i1.2289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of paediatric morbidity and mortality, with higher TBI rates in low- and middle-income countries. Non-contrast brain CT is the gold standard for diagnosing intracranial injuries; however, it exposes patients to ionising radiation. The Paediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) clinical decision rule (CDR) aids clinicians in their decision-making processes whilst deciding whether a patient at very low risk of a clinically important TBI (ciTBI) requires a CT scan. Objectives To establish whether the introduction of the PECARN CDR would affect CT utilisation rates for paediatric patients presenting with minor blunt head injuries to an academic hospital in Gauteng, South Africa. Method This was an audit of paediatric patients who presented with minor blunt head injuries and were referred for CT imaging at an academic hospital in Gauteng, compared with PECARN CDR recommendations, over a 1-year period. Results A total of 100 patients were referred for CT imaging. Twenty patients were classified as very low risk, none of whom had any CT findings of a TBI or ciTBI (p < 0.01). A total of 61 patients were classified as intermediate risk and 19 as high risk. In all, 23% of the intermediate and 47% of the high-risk patients had CT features of a TBI, whilst 8% and 37% had a ciTBI, respectively. Conclusion Computed tomography brain imaging may be omitted in patients classified as very low risk without missing a clinically important TBI. Implementing the PECARN CDR in appropriate patients would reduce CT utilisation rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques du Plessis
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sharadini K. Gounden
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Carolyn Lewis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Martinez L, Cacciottolo P, Barnes J, Sylvester K, Oates K, Kydd A, Lewis C, Parameshwar J, Pettit S, Bhagra S. Circulatory Power is Superior to Peak Oxygen Consumption in Predicting Adverse Outcomes in Ambulatory Patients Assessed for Heart Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
13
|
Khera B, Lancaster N, Lewis C. Implications of pre-operative NG fasting on nutrition in major burn patients: an audit of practice. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
14
|
Pai V, Talukder S, Martinez L, Kydd A, Bhagra S, Lewis C, Parameshwar J, Messer S, Osman M, Virdi A, Cacciottolo P, Kaul P, Rafiq M, Allen J, Large S, Tsui S, Jenkins D, Pettit S, Berman M. Outcomes of Mechanical Circulatory Support for Severe Primary Graft Dysfunction After DBD versus DCD Heart Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
15
|
Duvuru R, Mathew G, Goh C, Lewis C, Alison P, Sibal A. Survival After Lung Transplantation is Conditional to Bronchial Complications. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
16
|
Lewis C, Seashols-Williams SJ. Design and optimization of a 16S microbial qPCR multiplex for the presumptive identification of feces, saliva, vaginal and menstrual secretions. J Forensic Sci 2022; 67:1660-1667. [PMID: 35352345 PMCID: PMC9310585 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Molecular methods for body fluid identification have been extensively researched in the forensic community over the last decade, mostly focusing on RNA‐based methods. Microbial DNA analysis has long been used for forensic applications, such as postmortem interval estimations, but only recently has it been applied to body fluid identification. High‐throughput sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene by previous research groups revealed that microbial signatures and abundances vary across human body fluids at the genus and/or species taxonomic level. Since quantitative PCR is still the current technique used in forensic DNA analysis, the purpose of this study was to design a qPCR multiplex targeting the 16S gene of Bacteroides uniformis, Streptococcus salivarius, and Lactobacillus crispatus that can distinguish between feces, saliva, and vaginal/menstrual secretions, respectively. Primers and probes were designed at the species level because these bacteria are highly abundant within their respective fluid. The validated 16S triplex was evaluated in DNA extracts from thirty donors of each body fluid. A classification regression tree model resulted in 96.5% classification accuracy of the population data, which demonstrates the ability of this 16S triplex to presumptively identify these fluids with high confidence at the quantification step of the forensic workflow using minimal input volume of DNA extracted from evidentiary samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Lewis
- Integrative Life Sciences Doctoral Program, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rhodes C, Lewis C, Szekely J, Campbell A, Creighton MRA, Boone E, Seashols-Williams S. Developmental validation of a microRNA panel using quadratic discriminant analysis for the classification of seven forensically relevant body fluids. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2022; 59:102692. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2022.102692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
18
|
Grigg K, Clancy R, Lewis C, Jackson P. 931 Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator (DIEP) Flap: Impact of Early Drain Removal on Seroma Formation Rate and Duration of Inpatient Stay. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Donor site seroma can follow deep inferior epigastric flap (DIEP) harvest. Post-surgery gradient technology (GTC) garments are worn by DIEP patients postoperatively following drain removal to reduce seroma formation. Early drain removal was considered a contributing factor to increased seroma formation rate. From June 2018 drain removal regardless of output was instigated at day two post-surgery. Prior to this, drains were removed when less than 30mls over 24 hours. We aim to assess the seroma rate post DIEP harvest with early drain removal.
Method
Retrospective review of prospectively managed database between June 2018 to May 2020. Surgical complications and length of stay in hospital were recorded.
Results
200 patients underwent DIEP flap breast reconstruction. The mean age of patients was 52 years (range 28-73). There was no significant difference in seroma complication rate between those who had drains removed on day 3 compared with day 2 ((1.02% (1/98) vs. (0.98% (1/102); p = 1). The mean length of stay in hospital for the 1st cohort was 3.86 days and for the 2nd cohort was 3.23 days. There were no complications related to drain removal.
Conclusions
Our data suggests that drain removal after 2 days postoperatively with DIEP reconstruction does not affect seroma complication rates. Moreover, it leads to a shorter hospital stay. These conclusions are in keeping with enhanced recovery protocols and an early drain removal surgical process could be advised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Grigg
- Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - R Clancy
- Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - C Lewis
- Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - P Jackson
- Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Itchins M, Liang S, Barnes T, Marx G, Chin V, Kao S, Yip P, Nagrial A, Peters G, Bray V, Lewis C, Shaffer T, Li M, Clarke S, Li B, Brown C, Solomon B, Pavlakis N. P24.03 Dynamic Circulating Tumor DNA Interim Results From The ALKternate Clinical Trial. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
20
|
Abstract
Blinded veterans were asked to listen to four sections of a seventh grade level biographical sketch that had been recorded at progressively faster rates (1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 times the initial rate of 194 words per minute) through use of a commercially available electronic discrete time compressed speech device. After each section, multiple choice questions were asked. Variables such as age, use of hearing aid, education level, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Verbal IQ, and scale scores of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and the California Psychological Inventory were analyzed for possible relationship with the subject's maximum comprehended compression rate. Younger veterans whose personality tests indicated better psychological adjustment tended to be more successful in comprehending compressed speech.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J. Nelson
- Eastern Blind Rehabilitation Center, Veterans’ Administration Hospital, West Haven, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mukherjee A, Griffin R, Lenneman C, Lewis C, Nabell L, Shrestha S. Racial disparities in prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in head and neck cancer patients. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwab061.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): American Heart Association Pre-doctoral Fellowship
Background
Cancer patients and survivors have higher burden of cardiovascular diseases than the age-adjusted general population. However, evidence on distribution of cardiovascular disease risk factors in cancer patients is limited.
Purpose
Our aim was to assess if racial disparities exist in prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in head and neck cancer patients.
Methods
In this clinical cohort, we included 2299 head neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients diagnosed between 2012-2018 at a National Cancer Institute-designated Cancer Center. We used a combination of ICD-9/10 codes, medication use and pharmacy records from electronic medical records data, to identify cardiovascular disease risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus). We reported prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors at and one year-post HNSCC diagnosis, by race, using Chi-square or Wilcoxon test, as appropriate.
Results
Black HNSCC patients were diagnosed at a slightly younger age (median: 60.0 vs 62.0 years, p-value 0.0745), had a higher proportion of males (p-value 0.0221) and advanced cancer stage at diagnosis (p-value 0.0033), than white HNSCC patients. At diagnosis, 32.63% of black HNSCC patients had hypertension and 34.44% had at least one cardiovascular disease risk factor, compared to 24.59% and 27.74% in whites, respectively (p-values 0.0020 and 0.0127, respectively). At one-year post HNSCC diagnosis, 84.73% of all HNSCC patients had at least one cardiovascular disease risk factor. No statistically significant racial differences were observed for hypertension and diabetes mellitus at one-year post HNSCC diagnosis, however, 37.74% of white HNSCC patients had dyslipidemia compared to 27.49% black patients (p-value 0.003).
Conclusion
Higher prevalence of hypertension and advanced cancer stage at HNSCC diagnosis in black patients highlights issues of racial disparity and unequal access to care. High prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors at one-year post HNSCC diagnosis and increase in dyslipidemia in white patients emphasizes the impact of therapeutic agents and need for routine personalized monitoring of cardiovascular disease risk factors and cardiovascular disease preventive services in high risk HNSCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Mukherjee
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
| | - R Griffin
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
| | - C Lenneman
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
| | - C Lewis
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
| | - L Nabell
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
| | - S Shrestha
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bellini MI, Lewis C, Welch N, Anderson I, Papalois V. COVID-19 and surgical life: cross-sectional survey. Br J Surg 2021; 108:e177-e178. [PMID: 33930118 PMCID: PMC7929294 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M I Bellini
- Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Rome, Italy
| | - C Lewis
- Oxford University Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - N Welch
- Nottingham University Hospital, UK
| | | | - V Papalois
- Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Havenga DM, Govender J, Lewis C. 'This won't hurt a bit!' - A descriptive review of health care professionals' pharmacological management of pain in minor trauma. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2021; 63:e1-e8. [PMID: 33970015 PMCID: PMC8377817 DOI: 10.4102/safp.v63i1.5249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergency Centres (ECs) have a prominent trauma burden requiring effective pain management. This study aimed to review analgesia-prescribing habits in minor trauma, reviewing the patient demographics and diagnoses, analgesia-prescribing habits of health care professionals (HCPs) managing these cases, and differences in prescribing noted by patients' age group, gender and triage code. METHODS A prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in a regional EC in KwaZulu-Natal. HCPs managing minor trauma patients completed a closed-ended questionnaire which indicated the patients' demographics, diagnosis and analgesia prescribed. RESULTS The study comprised of 314 cases of which the demographic most represented were male patients aged between 20-30 years with soft tissue injuries. Simple analgesics and weak opioids (paracetamol, ibuprofen and tramadol) accounted for 87.9% of prescriptions. Referral clinics prescribed less analgesics than that provided in the EC. There were mostly no significant differences in prescription habits by patients' age group, gender and triage code. CONCLUSION Presenting complaints in our study were varied and likely to result in mild to moderate pain. Only a minority of patients received analgesics at initial contact. Standardised protocols providing treatment guidance for nurse-initiated pain management at initial contact is thus important. There were no significant differences in analgesics prescribed for adults and the elderly, which is worrisome given the potential negative side effects of analgesics in the elderly. Similar concerns in our paediatric population were not noted. Ensuring adequate analgesia with cognisance for safety at the extremes of age is of paramount importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duncan M Havenga
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mutz J, Lewis C. Lifetime depression and age-related changes in body composition, cardiovascular measures, grip strength and lung function. Eur Psychiatry 2021. [PMCID: PMC9480383 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Individuals with mental disorders, on average, die prematurely and may experience accelerated biological ageing. Objectives We examined sex-specific associations between age and physiological measures in individuals with lifetime depression and healthy controls. Methods UK Biobank recruited >500,000 participants, aged 37-73, between 2006–2010. Generalised additive models (GAMs) were used to examine associations between age and multiple cardiovascular, body composition, grip strength and lung function measures. Analyses were conducted separately in males and females with lifetime depression compared to healthy controls. Results Analytical samples included up to 342,393 adults (mean age = 55.87 years, SD = 8.09; 52.61% females). We found statistically significant differences between individuals with lifetime depression and healthy controls for most physiological measures, with standardised mean differences between -0.145 and 0.156. There was some evidence that age-related changes in body composition, cardiovascular measures, lung function and heel bone mineral density followed different trajectories in individuals with lifetime depression. However, these differences did not uniformly narrow or widen with age. For example, BMI in females with lifetime depression was approximately 1.1 kg/m2 higher at age 40 and this difference narrowed to about 0.4 kg/m2 at age 70. In males, systolic blood pressure was approximately 1 mmHg lower in individuals with lifetime depression at age 45 and this difference widened to about 2.5 mmHg at age 65. Conclusions Evidence of differences in ageing trajectories between individuals with lifetime depression and healthy controls was not uniform across physiological measures and differed by sex. Disclosure JM receives studentship funding from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) and Eli Lilly and Company Limited. CML is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Myriad Neuroscience.
Collapse
|
25
|
Cernic S, Messer S, Page A, Berman M, Kaul P, Osman M, Nachum E, Parameshwar J, Pettit S, Lewis C, Kydd A, Bhagra S, Goddard M, Quigley R, Baxter J, Jenkins D, Tsui S, Catarino P, Large S. Donation after Circulatory Death Heart Transplantation - The First 5 Years a Successful Leap in Activity. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
26
|
Vokshi I, Ali J, Ansaripour A, Woolcock E, Cheshire C, Parameshwar J, Kydd A, Lewis C, Jenkins D, Tsui S, Kaul P, Large S, Berman M, Pettit S, Bhagra S. Surgical Palpation to Exclude Donor Transmitted Coronary Disease: A Single Centre Experience. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
27
|
Smith C, Cox JO, Rhodes C, Lewis C, Koroma M, Hudson BC, Dawson Cruz T, Seashols-Williams SJ. Comparison of DNA typing success in compromised blood and touch samples based on sampling swab composition. J Forensic Sci 2021; 66:1427-1434. [PMID: 33624316 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sample collection at the crime scene can introduce variations in DNA recovery based upon the substrate from which a sample is collected, the material of the collection device used, or the storage conditions after collection. There are many factors during this process that can degrade the sample during drying and storage, and before DNA extraction can be performed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the performance of standard cotton swab collection with the Bode BioSafe® swab, which includes both a desiccant at the swab head and proprietary compounds to prevent degradation of the sample during sample collection and preservation. Blood and touch DNA samples were collected from porous and nonporous substrates and stored at elevated temperatures to simulate accelerated time. DNA quantification and STR profile data were used to assess the performance of the swabs. BioSafe® swab collection resulted in similar DNA yields from blood samples and significantly higher DNA yields from touch samples when compared to collection with cotton swabs. BioSafe® swabs also resulted in higher DNA integrity during long-term storage, increased STR profile success and improved retention of low-level contributor alleles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chastyn Smith
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jordan O Cox
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ciara Rhodes
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Carolyn Lewis
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Memunatu Koroma
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Brittany C Hudson
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Tracey Dawson Cruz
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Macniven R, Coombes J, Wilson R, Simon A, Mackean T, Hunter K, Ma T, Gwynn J, Sherrington C, Tiedemann A, Hill AM, Delbaere K, Lewis C, Bennett-Brook K, Howie A, Stewart G, Shakespeare M, Rogers K, Ivers RQ, Clapham K. Understanding implementation factors and participant experiences of a cluster randomised controlled trial to prevent falls among older Aboriginal people: a process evaluation protocol. Inj Prev 2021; 27:injuryprev-2020-043980. [PMID: 33402353 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2020-043980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Process evaluations examining programme implementation are often conducted in conjunction with effectiveness studies. Their inclusion in studies with Aboriginal participants can give an understanding of programme delivery in Aboriginal community contexts. The Ironbark: Standing Strong and Tall programme was codesigned with Aboriginal communities and includes exercise and facilitated 'yarning' discussion about fall risk and prevention strategies. The programme pilot showed favourable outcomes and acceptability for Aboriginal people aged 45 years and over. The Ironbark: Standing Strong and Tall programme is now being compared with a 'Healthy Community' programme in a cluster randomised controlled trial within Aboriginal health and community services. An embedded process evaluation aims to explore relationships between participation and programme outcomes and the quality of programme implementation. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The process evaluation will use a mixed methods design, guided by Indigenous research methodology. It will evaluate quantitative data (number of completed sessions, site coaching checklist tool, participant and facilitator questionnaire data and a participant habit formation scale), as well as qualitative data (open-ended responses from project and site staff and semistructured interviews using yarning with study participants and site managers). A programme logic model was developed to explain the intended inputs, activities, outputs and outcomes, which guided this process evaluation design. CONCLUSION This process evaluation of a fall prevention programme for older Aboriginal people using a mixed methods design and data triangulation will allow for a comprehensive understanding of study findings. Multiple study sites allow for generalisability of findings and exploration of variation across sites. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12619000349145.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rona Macniven
- School of Population Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Poche Centre for Indigenous Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julieann Coombes
- The George Institute for Global Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roland Wilson
- Southgate Institute for Health, Society, and Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Aaron Simon
- School of Population Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tamara Mackean
- The George Institute for Global Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Southgate Institute for Health, Society, and Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kate Hunter
- The George Institute for Global Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tracey Ma
- School of Population Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Josephine Gwynn
- Poche Centre for Indigenous Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine Sherrington
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anne Tiedemann
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anne-Marie Hill
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Australia
| | - Kim Delbaere
- School of Population Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carolyn Lewis
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Australia
| | - Keziah Bennett-Brook
- The George Institute for Global Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam Howie
- School of Population Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Georgia Stewart
- Ngarruwan Ngadju First Peoples Health and Wellbeing Research Centre, Australian Health Services Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Madison Shakespeare
- Southgate Institute for Health, Society, and Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kris Rogers
- The George Institute for Global Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Q Ivers
- School of Population Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kathleen Clapham
- Ngarruwan Ngadju First Peoples Health and Wellbeing Research Centre, Australian Health Services Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cartwright J, Choudhary S, Lewis C, Ruane N. Reducing missed fractures in accident and emergency – a project to improve communication of X-ray reports to improve patient safety. Clin Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.11.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
30
|
Lewis C, Skinner DL. The utility of serial chest X-rays for detection of delayed pneumothorax, haemothorax or haemopneumothorax following penetrating thoracic injury. Afr J Emerg Med 2020; 10:215-218. [PMID: 33299751 PMCID: PMC7700991 DOI: 10.1016/j.afjem.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Penetrating thoracic injuries are a common presentation in Emergency Departments in South Africa with pneumothorax, haemothorax and haemopneumothorax (PTX/HTX/HPTX) a cause of morbidity and mortality. Serial chest X-rays (CXRs) are used to assess patients with penetrating thoracic injury without PTX/HTX/HPTX on initial CXR in order to increase sensitivity and thus detection of PTX/HTX/HPTX. This study aimed to assess the utility of serial CXRs to detect a delayed presentation of PTX/HTX/HPTX following penetrating thoracic injury. Methods This retrospective observational study analysed data from Helen Joseph Hospital Emergency Department, Johannesburg, South Africa for patients presenting with penetrating thoracic injury over a 2-year period for whom the initial CXR was negative for a PTX/HTX/HPTX to determine the utility of serial CXRs for detection of a delayed presentation of PTX/HTX/HPTX. Results 118 patients, the majority of which had penetrating trauma secondary to a stab wound, were included in the study. Eight (7%) had a PTX/HTX/HPTX detected on subsequent investigation. Three (3%) patients with normal initial CXRs and three (3%) patients with abnormal initial CXRs had a PTX/HPX/HPTX detected on serial CXRs. Two (2%) delayed presentations of PTX/HTX/HPTX were noted on computerised tomography (CT) scan only. Six patients had an intercostal drain (ICD) inserted and were admitted; 2 patients (those with PTX/HTX/HPTX noted on CT only) were managed conservatively. Three patients (3%) had an ICD inserted to manage a delayed presentation of PTX/HTX/HPTX with a normal initial CXR. Discussion Only 3% of patients with normal initial CXRs required intervention. Conclusions It is recommended that patients for whom the presentation CXR shows an abnormality undergo serial CXRs. Given the low incidence of PTX/HTX/HPTX in patients with a normal presentation CXR, along with the resource implications of serial CXRs, it may be prudent to discharge patients with thorough counselling and advice to return for review if warranted.
Collapse
|
31
|
Gariepy A, Dove M, Lewis C, Zuckerman D, Tancredi D, McDonald-Mosley R, Sonalkar S, Hathaway M, Nunez-Eddy C, Schwarz E. P75 Rates of procedural complications and patient-centered outcomes after publicly-funded hysteroscopic or laparoscopic sterilization in California. Contraception 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2020.07.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
32
|
Woodford R, Lee C, Cooper W, Lewis C, John T, Lord S, Marschner I, Zhou D, Yang JH. 1370P PD-L1 expression as a predictive biomarker for chemotherapy response in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC). Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
33
|
Lyon AR, Babalis D, Morley-Smith AC, Hedger M, Suarez Barrientos A, Foldes G, Couch LS, Chowdhury RA, Tzortzis KN, Peters NS, Rog-Zielinska EA, Yang HY, Welch S, Bowles CT, Rahman Haley S, Bell AR, Rice A, Sasikaran T, Johnson NA, Falaschetti E, Parameshwar J, Lewis C, Tsui S, Simon A, Pepper J, Rudy JJ, Zsebo KM, Macleod KT, Terracciano CM, Hajjar RJ, Banner N, Harding SE. Investigation of the safety and feasibility of AAV1/SERCA2a gene transfer in patients with chronic heart failure supported with a left ventricular assist device - the SERCA-LVAD TRIAL. Gene Ther 2020; 27:579-590. [PMID: 32669717 PMCID: PMC7744277 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-020-0171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The SERCA-LVAD trial was a phase 2a trial assessing the safety and feasibility of delivering an adeno-associated vector 1 carrying the cardiac isoform of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (AAV1/SERCA2a) to adult chronic heart failure patients implanted with a left ventricular assist device. The SERCA-LVAD trial was one of a program of AAV1/SERCA2a cardiac gene therapy trials including CUPID1, CUPID 2 and AGENT trials. Enroled subjects were randomised to receive a single intracoronary infusion of 1 × 1013 DNase-resistant AAV1/SERCA2a particles or a placebo solution in a double-blinded design, stratified by presence of neutralising antibodies to AAV. Elective endomyocardial biopsy was performed at 6 months unless the subject had undergone cardiac transplantation, with myocardial samples assessed for the presence of exogenous viral DNA from the treatment vector. Safety assessments including ELISPOT were serially performed. Although designed as a 24 subject trial, recruitment was stopped after five subjects had been randomised and received infusion due to the neutral result from the CUPID 2 trial. Here we describe the results from the 5 patients at 3 years follow up, which confirmed that viral DNA was delivered to the failing human heart in 2 patients receiving gene therapy with vector detectable at follow up endomyocardial biopsy or cardiac transplantation. Absolute levels of detectable transgene DNA were low, and no functional benefit was observed. There were no safety concerns in this small cohort. This trial identified some of the challenges of performing gene therapy trials in this LVAD patient cohort which may help guide future trial design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A R Lyon
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK. .,NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK.
| | - D Babalis
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit (ICTU), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A C Morley-Smith
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - M Hedger
- NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - A Suarez Barrientos
- NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - G Foldes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - L S Couch
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - R A Chowdhury
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - K N Tzortzis
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - N S Peters
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - E A Rog-Zielinska
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - H-Y Yang
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S Welch
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - C T Bowles
- NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - S Rahman Haley
- NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - A R Bell
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals NHS Trust, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Rice
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals NHS Trust, Freiburg, Germany
| | - T Sasikaran
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit (ICTU), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - N A Johnson
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit (ICTU), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - E Falaschetti
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit (ICTU), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - C Lewis
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Tsui
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Simon
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - J Pepper
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - J J Rudy
- Celladon Corporation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - K M Zsebo
- Celladon Corporation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - K T Macleod
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C M Terracciano
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - R J Hajjar
- Phospholamban Foundation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - N Banner
- NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - S E Harding
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Shah S, O’Connor M, Lewis C, Stephens J, Vaughan D, Chaggar R. Face-to-face videolaryngoscopy-assisted tracheal intubation: does the hand matter? Br J Anaesth 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
35
|
Page A, Messer S, Berman M, Kaul P, Pavlushkov E, Parameshwar J, Abu-Omar Y, Goddard M, Dunning J, Pettit S, Lewis C, Kydd A, Bhagra S, Ali A, Sudarshan C, Jenkins D, Tsui S, Catarino P, Large S. Heart Transplantation from Donation after Circulatory Determined Death: The Royal Papworth Experience. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
36
|
Lewis C, Oates C, Proussakaia E. ENHANCED RECOVERY PROTOCOL FOLLOWING AUTOLOGOUS FREE TISSUE BREAST RECONSTRUCTION. Acta Chir Plast 2020; 62:10-16. [PMID: 32911937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) aims to achieve earlier recovery, reduced hospital length of stay (LOS) and improved outcomes. Following the introduction of our ERAS protocol, we sought to review our ERAS experience. Our aims were to evaluate the LOS, post-operative complications, discharge analgesia, patient satisfaction and our ERAS protocol compared to the literature. METHODS This was a retrospective review of all our prospectively managed database between January 2016 and December 2016. Patient demographics, LOS, discharge analgesia and complications were collected. Patient satisfaction was determined using a 10-point Likert scale questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 70 patients underwent breast reconstruction using free deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEP) flaps. The mean age at surgery was 51 years (range 23-71). The mean LOS was 4.89 days (range 4-10). 61 patients (87%) were discharged within 5 days. 65 patients (93%) were discharged home on no controlled opioids. Major and minor complications were encountered in 3 patients (4%) and 5 (7%) patients respectively. There were no cases of complete or partial flap failure. 30-day patient satisfaction was high (>9/10) across all domains but patients complained of nausea & vomiting. CONCLUSION The adoption of our enhanced recovery protocol for autologous breast reconstruction has resulted in a mean LOS and opioid use reduction similar to contemporary literature. However, we have seen that there are further refinements that can be made to our ERAS protocol and there is still a need to develop a stronger evidence base to support our practices. This is in parallel with ongoing education and audit cycles to foster a culture of ERAS that can safely optimise patient outcomes.
Collapse
|
37
|
Lewis C, Roberts NP, Simon N, Bethell A, Bisson JI. Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2019; 140:508-521. [PMID: 31359407 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (i-CBT) is an effective treatment for those who meet diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHOD A systematic review was undertaken according to Cochrane Collaboration Guidelines. The primary outcome measures were reduction in PTSD symptoms and drop-out. Categorical outcomes were meta-analysed as risk ratios (RRs) and continuous outcomes as mean differences (MDs) or standardised mean differences (SMDs). RESULTS Ten studies with 720 participants were included. Evidence showed that i-CBT may be associated with a clinically important reduction in post-treatment PTSD symptoms compared with wait list (SMD -0.60, 95% confidence interval -0.97 to -0.24; N = 560); however, only three studies reported follow-up data, and there was no evidence to support the maintenance of symptom improvement at follow-up of 3-6 months. There was no evidence of a difference in PTSD symptoms between i-CBT and Internet-delivered non-CBT post-treatment. There was evidence of greater treatment effect from trauma-focused i-CBT than i-CBT without a trauma focus, as well as evidence that treatment effect was increased by the provision of guidance. CONCLUSIONS While the review found some beneficial effects of i-CBT for PTSD post-treatment, the quality of the evidence was very low because of the small number of included trials and there was insufficient evidence to support the maintenance of improvement at follow-up of 3-6 months. Further work is required to establish non-inferiority to current first-line interventions; to determine long-term efficacy; to explore mechanisms of effect; and to establish optimal levels of guidance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Lewis
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - N P Roberts
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.,Directorate of Psychology and Psychological Therapies, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - N Simon
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - A Bethell
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - J I Bisson
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hutchinson JC, Shelmerdine SC, Lewis C, Parmenter J, Simcock IC, Ward L, Ashworth MT, Chitty LS, Arthurs OJ, Sebire NJ. Minimally invasive perinatal and pediatric autopsy with laparoscopically assisted tissue sampling: feasibility and experience of the MinImAL procedure. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2019; 54:661-669. [PMID: 30620444 DOI: 10.1002/uog.20211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Less invasive autopsy techniques in cases of fetal or infant death have good acceptability among parents, but the published sampling adequacy in needle biopsy studies is generally poor. Minimally Invasive Autopsy with Laparoscopically assisted sampling (MinImAL) has the potential to increase the diagnostic yield of less invasive autopsy by improving the quality and quantity of tissue samples obtained, whilst permitting visualization, extraction and examination of internal organs through a small incision. The aim of this study was to present the findings of our experience with the MinImAL procedure in cases of fetal, neonatal and pediatric death. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of 103 prospectively recruited unselected cases of fetal, neonatal or pediatric death that underwent the MinImAL procedure at a tertiary referral center over a 5-year period. Following preprocedure 1.5-T whole-body postmortem magnetic resonance imaging, MinImAL autopsy was performed. Procedure duration, sampling adequacy and cause of death were assessed. Chi-square analysis was used to compare the 'unexplained' rate of intrauterine deaths in the cohort with that in a previously published cohort of > 1000 cases of intrauterine death examined by standard autopsy. RESULTS MinImAL autopsy was performed successfully in 97.8% (91/93) of the cases undergoing a complete procedure. There was a satisfactory rate of adequate histological sampling in most major organs; heart (100%, 91 cases), lung (100%, 91 cases), kidney (100%, 91 cases), liver (96.7%, 88 cases), spleen (94.5%, 86 cases), adrenal glands (89.0%, 81 cases), pancreas (82.4%, 75 cases) and thymus (56.0%, 51 cases). Procedure duration was similar to that of standard autopsy in a previously published cohort of intrauterine deaths. The unexplained rate in stillbirths and intrauterine fetal deaths that underwent MinImAL autopsy was not significantly different from that following standard autopsy. CONCLUSIONS The MinImAL procedure provides good histological yield from major organs with minimal cosmetic damage and can be learned by an autopsy practitioner. The MinImAL procedure is an appropriate minimally invasive alternative for the investigation of perinatal and pediatric deaths in which consent to full autopsy is withheld, and may have applications in both high- and low/middle-income settings. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J C Hutchinson
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - S C Shelmerdine
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Paediatric Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - C Lewis
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - J Parmenter
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - I C Simcock
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Paediatric Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - L Ward
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - M T Ashworth
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - L S Chitty
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - O J Arthurs
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Paediatric Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - N J Sebire
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zariff RZ, Pumpa L, Simon DL, Lewis C. Locally produced chicken eggs-a source of dietary lead for an Australian community living with an active lead smelter? J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2019; 29:688-696. [PMID: 30349007 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-018-0082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The South Australian regional city of Port Pirie has a long history of environmental lead contamination caused by smelting operations that have resulted in elevated blood lead levels in local children. This study examines the potential exposure of children to lead as a result of consuming eggs produced by domestic chickens kept in a lead-contaminated environment. Lead concentrations were measured in eggs, chicken enclosure soil, chicken feed and forage vegetation collected from a domestic site in Port Pirie. Eggs produced in the vicinity of the operating smelter had higher whole-egg lead concentrations (median: 0.09 mg/kg; range: 0.03-0.19 mg/kg) than control eggs (median: 0.002 mg/kg; range: 0.002-0.005 mg/kg). Soil and forage vegetation were identified as potential lead sources for the chickens in this study. The impact of remediating potential lead sources accessed by the chickens was examined and remedial actions were found to be only partly effective with a three-fold reduction in lead concentrations in eggs. Estimated lead intake for a 2-year-old child consuming these eggs indicated that a diet rich in eggs could more than double the child's daily lead exposure from dietary sources. Eggs produced by chickens housed in residential backyards are a readily avoidable additional source of lead exposure for children living in this industrial community, where all environmental lead sources contribute to an unacceptable daily intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Razia Z Zariff
- Port Pirie Lead Investigation Group, Public Health Services, Department for Health and Wellbeing, PO Box 6, Rundle Mall, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia.
| | - Lucinda Pumpa
- Port Pirie Lead Investigation Group, Public Health Services, Department for Health and Wellbeing, PO Box 6, Rundle Mall, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - David L Simon
- Port Pirie Lead Investigation Group, Public Health Services, Department for Health and Wellbeing, PO Box 6, Rundle Mall, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Carolyn Lewis
- Port Pirie Lead Investigation Group, Public Health Services, Department for Health and Wellbeing, PO Box 6, Rundle Mall, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lewis C, Archer V, Proctor C, Marko E. Gynecology oncology inpatient emergency simulations to improve patient outcomes. Gynecol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.04.671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
41
|
McKenzie Smith M, Shafran R, Kouzoupi N, Lewis C, Ali J, Bryon M. P451 Experience of living with cystic fibrosis; the impact on children, young people, adults and their families. J Cyst Fibros 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(19)30743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
42
|
Skinner DL, Lewis C, de Vasconcellos K, Bruce J, Laing G, Clarke D, Muckart D. Hyperlactataemia with acute kidney injury following community assault: cause or effect? S AFR J SURG 2019; 57:63. [PMID: 31342688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crush injury is a common presenting clinical problem in South African trauma patients, causing acute kidney injury (AKI). It has been theorised previously that the AKI was not due to an anaerobic phenomenon. A previous local study noted the presence of a mild hyperlactataemia among patients with crush syndrome, but the significance and causes of this was not fully explored. This study aimed to examine the incidence of hyperlactataemia in patients with crush syndrome presenting to a busy emergency department (ED) in rural South Africa. METHOD The study was conducted at Edendale Hospital in KwaZulu-Natal province in South Africa from 1 June 2016 to 31 December 2017. All patients from the ED who had sustained a crush injury secondary to a mob assault were included in the study. Patients with GCS on arrival of < 13 or polytrauma were excluded from analysis. The primary outcome of interest was the presence of hyperlactataemia (> 2.0mmol/L) on presentation. The Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria were used to diagnose and stage AKI as a secondary outcome. RESULTS A total of 84 patients were eligible for analysis. Sixty-nine (82%) patients presented with hyperlactataemia. The median serum lactate was 4.9mmol/L (IQR 2.3-7.2mmol/L). Fifteen (18%) patients were diagnosed with AKI on presentation according to serum creatinine. Ten patients were diagnosed as Stage 1, three were Stage 2 and two Stage 3 AKI respectively. There was no difference in the incidence of AKI in patients with or without hyperlactataemia (p = 0.428). Time from injury to presentation was a median 365 minutes (IQR 180-750 minutes). Six (7%) patients were admitted to high care unit and nine (11%) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). No patients died within 48 hours of admission. Two patients received renal replacement therapy during the first 48 hours of admission to hospital. CONCLUSION Hyperlactataemia is a common feature of patients presenting to the ED following crush syndrome secondary to beatings received during interpersonal violence. The origin of this hyperlactataemia is currently unknown. Further research needs to be conducted into the origin of the hyperlactataemia and its clinical significance. In this cohort, the utilisation of RRT was low but the incidence of AKI was high and developed rapidly following the injury. The utilisation of RRT also needs to be further studied in larger patient populations in South Africa to make local clinical recommendations for use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Lee Skinner
- Perioperative Research Group: Department of Anaesthetics and Critical Care, University of KwaZulu-Natal
| | - Carolyn Lewis
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kim de Vasconcellos
- Perioperative Research Group: Department of Anaesthetics and Critical Care, University of KwaZulu-Natal
| | - John Bruce
- Department of Surgery, University of KwaZulu-Natal
| | - Grant Laing
- Department of Surgery, University of KwaZulu-Natal
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Singh N, Lachance K, Lewis C, Bhatia S, Nghiem P, Paulson K. 589 Early baseline imaging is indicated in Merkel cell carcinoma, even for patients without clinically evident nodal involvement. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
44
|
Messer S, Page A, Berman M, Colah S, Dunning J, Pavlushkov E, Kaul P, Parameshwar J, Abu-Omar Y, Pettit S, Lewis C, Kydd A, Bhagra S, Cockell A, Quigley R, Baxter J, Ellis C, Jenkins D, Sudarshan C, Ali A, Tsui S, Catarino P, Large S. First to 50: Early Outcomes Following Heart Transplantation at Royal Papworth Hospital from Donation after Circulatory Determined Death (DCD) Donors. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
45
|
Ali J, Patel S, Catarino P, Abu-Omar Y, Messer S, Page A, Pettit S, Bhagra S, Parameshwar J, Lewis C, Kydd A, Large S, Sudarshan C, Jenkins D, Tsui S, Berman M. Vasoplegia in Patients Undergoing Heart Transplantation Bridged with an LVAD is Not Associated with Inferior Long-Term Outcomes. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.01.1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
46
|
Croarkin P, Lewis C, Sonmez I, Camsari DD, Daskalakis Z. Monitoring and modulating adolescent depression and suicidality. Brain Stimul 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
47
|
Lewis C, Riddington M, Hill M, Arthurs OJ, Hutchinson JC, Chitty LS, Bevan C, Fisher J, Ward J, Sebire NJ. Availability of less invasive prenatal, perinatal and paediatric autopsy will improve uptake rates: a mixed-methods study with bereaved parents. BJOG 2019; 126:745-753. [PMID: 30576088 PMCID: PMC6519272 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate whether less invasive methods of autopsy would be acceptable to bereaved parents and likely to increase uptake. Design Mixed methods study. Setting Bereaved parents recruited prospectively across seven hospitals in England and retrospectively through four parent support organisations. Sample Eight hundred and fifty‐nine surveys and 20 interviews with bereaved parents. Methods Cross‐sectional survey and qualitative semi‐structured telephone interviews. Main outcome measures Likely uptake, preferences, factors impacting decision‐making, views on different autopsy methods. Results Overall, 90.5% of participants indicated that they would consent to some form of less invasive autopsy [either minimally invasive autopsy (MIA), non‐invasive autopsy (NIA) or both]; 53.8% would consent to standard autopsy, 74.3% to MIA and 77.3% to NIA. Regarding parental preferences, 45.5% preferred MIA, 30.8% preferred NIA and 14.3% preferred standard autopsy. Participants who indicated they would decline standard autopsy but would consent to a less invasive option were significantly more likely to have a lower educational level (odds ratio 0.49; 95% CI 0.35–0.70; P = 0.000062). Qualitative findings suggest that parents value NIA because of the lack of any incision and MIA is considered a good compromise as it enables tissue sampling while easing the parental burden associated with consenting to standard autopsy. Conclusion Less invasive methods of autopsy are acceptable alternatives for bereaved parents, and if offered, are likely to increase uptake and improve parental experience. Further health economic, validation and implementation studies are now required to assess the viability of offering these in routine widespread clinical care. Tweetable abstract Mixed methods UK study finds less invasive methods of autopsy are acceptable alternatives for bereaved parents, and if offered, are likely to increase uptake and improve parental experience. Mixed methods UK study finds less invasive methods of autopsy are acceptable alternatives for bereaved parents, and if offered, are likely to increase uptake and improve parental experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Lewis
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Genetics and Genomic Medicine, The UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - M Riddington
- Department of Psychological Services, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M Hill
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Genetics and Genomic Medicine, The UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - O J Arthurs
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J C Hutchinson
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - L S Chitty
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Genetics and Genomic Medicine, The UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - C Bevan
- Stillbirth and neonatal death charity (Sands), London, UK
| | - J Fisher
- Antenatal Results and Choices (ARC), London, UK
| | - J Ward
- The Lullaby Trust, London, UK
| | - N J Sebire
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,The UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lewis C, Lang A. Lunch group on the stroke unit: an evaluation of the effect of a communal mealtime on nutritional intake and patient experience. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
49
|
Keech A, Holgate K, Fildes J, Indraratna P, Cummins L, Lewis C, Yu J. High-intensity Interval Training for Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: Finding the Optimal Balance. Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
50
|
Skinner DL, Lewis C, de Vasconcellos K, Bruce J, Laing G, Clarke D, Muckart D. Hyperlactataemia with acute kidney injury following community assault: cause or effect? S AFR J SURG 2019. [DOI: 10.17159/2078-5151/2019/v57n2a2779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|