1
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Leo-Hansen C, Faurholt-Jepsen D, Højte C, Pressler T, Jeppesen M, Jensen-Fangel S, Olesen H, Ritz C, Qvist T, Olsen M. 126 Change in pulmonary function after introduction of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor: Results from the national cystic fibrosis cohort in Denmark. J Cyst Fibros 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(22)00817-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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2
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Nielsen B, Mikkelsen C, Oturai P, Krogh-Madsen R, Katzenstein T, Ritz C, Pressler T, Almdal T, Mathiesen I, Faurholt-Jepsen D. P182 Adiponectin, glucose metabolism and body composition in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(22)00512-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Oladeinde A, Abdo Z, Zwirzitz B, Woyda R, Lakin SM, Press MO, Cox NA, Thomas JC, Looft T, Rothrock MJ, Zock G, Plumblee Lawrence J, Cudnik D, Ritz C, Aggrey SE, Liachko I, Grove JR, Wiersma C. Litter Commensal Bacteria Can Limit the Horizontal Gene Transfer of Antimicrobial Resistance to Salmonella in Chickens. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0251721. [PMID: 35416680 PMCID: PMC9107613 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02517-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fostering a "balanced" gut microbiome through the administration of beneficial microbes that can competitively exclude pathogens has gained a lot of attention and use in human and animal medicine. However, little is known about how microbes affect the horizontal gene transfer of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). To shed more light on this question, we challenged neonatal broiler chicks raised on reused broiler chicken litter-a complex environment made up of decomposing pine shavings, feces, uric acid, feathers, and feed-with Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg (S. Heidelberg), a model pathogen. Neonatal chicks challenged with S. Heidelberg and raised on reused litter were more resistant to S. Heidelberg cecal colonization than chicks grown on fresh litter. Furthermore, chicks grown on reused litter were at a lower risk of colonization with S. Heidelberg strains that encoded AMR on IncI1 plasmids. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomics to show that the major difference between chicks grown on fresh litter and those grown on reused litter was the microbiome harbored in the litter and ceca. The microbiome of reused litter samples was more uniform and enriched in functional pathways related to the biosynthesis of organic and antimicrobial molecules than that in fresh litter samples. We found that Escherichia coli was the main reservoir of plasmids encoding AMR and that the IncI1 plasmid was maintained at a significantly lower copy per cell in reused litter compared to fresh litter. These findings support the notion that commensal bacteria play an integral role in the horizontal transfer of plasmids encoding AMR to pathogens like Salmonella. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance spread is a worldwide health challenge, stemming in large part from the ability of microorganisms to share their genetic material through horizontal gene transfer. To address this issue, many countries and international organizations have adopted a One Health approach to curtail the proliferation of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This includes the removal and reduction of antibiotics used in food animal production and the development of alternatives to antibiotics. However, there is still a significant knowledge gap in our understanding of how resistance spreads in the absence of antibiotic selection and the role commensal bacteria play in reducing antibiotic resistance transfer. In this study, we show that commensal bacteria play a key role in reducing the horizontal gene transfer of antibiotic resistance to Salmonella, provide the identity of the bacterial species that potentially perform this function in broiler chickens, and also postulate the mechanism involved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zaid Abdo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State Universitygrid.47894.36, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Benjamin Zwirzitz
- Institute of Food Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reed Woyda
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State Universitygrid.47894.36, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Steven M Lakin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State Universitygrid.47894.36, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Nelson A Cox
- U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jesse C Thomas
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Torey Looft
- National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Gregory Zock
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Denice Cudnik
- U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Casey Ritz
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Samuel E Aggrey
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | - Crystal Wiersma
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State Universitygrid.47894.36, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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4
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Mo J, Stephens CB, Jordan B, Ritz C, Swayne DE, Spackman E. Optimizing sample collection methods for detection of respiratory viruses in poultry housing environments. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e2111-e2121. [PMID: 35365975 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Viral respiratory diseases, such as avian influenza, Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, and infectious laryngotracheitis, have considerable negative economic implications for poultry. Ensuring the virus-free status of a premises by environmental sampling after cleaning and disinfection is essential for lifting a quarantine and/or safely restocking the premises following an outbreak. The objectives of this study were to identify optimal sample collection devices and to determine the locations in poultry housing which are best for poultry respiratory virus sample collection. Chickens exposed to infectious bronchitis virus, which was used as a representative virus for enveloped poultry respiratory viruses, were housed in floor-pens in either a curtain-sided wood framed house or a cement block house. Foam swabs, cellulose sponges, polyester swabs, dry cotton gauze and pre-moistened cotton gauze were evaluated for comparative efficiency in recovering viral RNA. Cotton gauze pre-moistened with the viral transport media had the highest sensitivity among the devices (wood-framed house: 78% positive, geometric mean titer [GMT] of 2.6 log10 50% egg infectious doses [EID50 ] equivalents/ml; cement-block houses: 55% positive, GMT of 1.7 log10 EID50 equivalents/ml). Targeting virus deposition sites is also crucial for efficient virus elimination procedures and subsequent testing, therefore 10 locations within the houses were compared for virus detection. In both housing types the highest viral RNA loads were recovered from the top of drinker lines within the pen. Places the chickens could contact directly (e.g., feeder rim) or were contacted by caretaker feet (hallway floor) also yielded higher levels of viral RNA more consistently. These results will facilitate the establishment of efficient environmental sampling procedures for respiratory viruses of poultry. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongseo Mo
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA
| | - Christopher B Stephens
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA.,Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Athens, GA
| | - Brian Jordan
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Casey Ritz
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - David E Swayne
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA
| | - Erica Spackman
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA
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5
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Serigstad S, Markussen D, Grewal HMS, Ebbesen M, Kommedal Ø, Heggelund L, van Werkhoven CH, Faurholt-Jepsen D, Clark TW, Ritz C, Ulvestad E, Bjørneklett R, Knoop ST. Rapid syndromic PCR testing in patients with respiratory tract infections reduces time to results and improves microbial yield. Sci Rep 2022; 12:326. [PMID: 35013351 PMCID: PMC8748978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03741-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of rapid and comprehensive microbiological diagnosis in patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) hampers appropriate antimicrobial therapy. This study evaluates the real-world performance of the BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia panel plus (FAP plus) and explores the feasibility of evaluation in a randomised controlled trial. Patients presenting to hospital with suspected CAP were recruited in a prospective feasibility study. An induced sputum or an endotracheal aspirate was obtained from all participants. The FAP plus turnaround time (TAT) and microbiological yield were compared with standard diagnostic methods (SDs). 96/104 (92%) enrolled patients had a respiratory tract infection (RTI); 72 CAP and 24 other RTIs. Median TAT was shorter for the FAP plus, compared with in-house PCR (2.6 vs 24.1 h, p < 0.001) and sputum cultures (2.6 vs 57.5 h, p < 0.001). The total microbiological yield by the FAP plus was higher compared to SDs (91% (162/179) vs 55% (99/179), p < 0.0001). Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza A virus were the most frequent pathogens. In conclusion, molecular panel testing in adults with CAP was associated with a significant reduction in time to actionable results and increased microbiological yield. The impact on antibiotic use and patient outcome should be assessed in randomised controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Serigstad
- Emergency Care Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, Bergen Integrated Diagnostic Stewardship Cluster, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, The New Lab. Building, NO-5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - D Markussen
- Emergency Care Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - H M S Grewal
- Department of Clinical Science, Bergen Integrated Diagnostic Stewardship Cluster, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, The New Lab. Building, NO-5021, Bergen, Norway. .,Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - M Ebbesen
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ø Kommedal
- Department of Clinical Science, Bergen Integrated Diagnostic Stewardship Cluster, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, The New Lab. Building, NO-5021, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - L Heggelund
- Department of Clinical Science, Bergen Integrated Diagnostic Stewardship Cluster, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, The New Lab. Building, NO-5021, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Internal Medicine, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - C H van Werkhoven
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D Faurholt-Jepsen
- Department of Clinical Science, Bergen Integrated Diagnostic Stewardship Cluster, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, The New Lab. Building, NO-5021, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T W Clark
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - C Ritz
- Department of Clinical Science, Bergen Integrated Diagnostic Stewardship Cluster, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, The New Lab. Building, NO-5021, Bergen, Norway.,National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E Ulvestad
- Department of Clinical Science, Bergen Integrated Diagnostic Stewardship Cluster, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, The New Lab. Building, NO-5021, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - R Bjørneklett
- Emergency Care Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - S T Knoop
- Emergency Care Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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6
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Audétat MC, Cairo Notari S, Sader J, Ritz C, Fassier T, Sommer JM, Nendaz M, Caire-Fon N. Understanding the clinical reasoning processes involved in the management of multimorbidity in an ambulatory setting: study protocol of a stimulated recall research. BMC Med Educ 2021; 21:31. [PMID: 33413342 PMCID: PMC7792096 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-02459-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary care physicians are at the very heart of managing patients suffering from multimorbidity. However, several studies have highlighted that some physicians feel ill-equipped to manage these kinds of complex clinical situations. Few studies are available on the clinical reasoning processes at play during the long-term management and follow-up of patients suffering from multimorbidity. This study aims to contribute to a better understanding on how the clinical reasoning of primary care physicians is affected during follow-up consultations with these patients. METHODS A qualitative research project based on semi-structured interviews with primary care physicians in an ambulatory setting will be carried out, using the video stimulated recall interview method. Participants will be filmed in their work environment during a standard consultation with a patient suffering from multimorbidity using a "button camera" (small camera) which will be pinned to their white coat. The recording will be used in a following semi-structured interview with physicians and the research team to instigate a stimulated recall. Stimulated recall is a research method that allows the investigation of cognitive processes by inviting participants to recall their concurrent thinking during an event when prompted by a video sequence recall. During this interview, participants will be prompted by different video sequence and asked to discuss them; the aim will be to encourage them to make their clinical reasoning processes explicit. Fifteen to twenty interviews are planned to reach data saturation. The interviews will be transcribed verbatim and data will be analysed according to a standard content analysis, using deductive and inductive approaches. CONCLUSION Study results will contribute to the scientific community's overall understanding of clinical reasoning. This will subsequently allow future generation of primary care physicians to have access to more adequate trainings to manage patients suffering from multimorbidity in their practice. As a result, this will improve the quality of the patient's care and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-C Audétat
- Primary Care Institut (iuMFE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CMU 5-6, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education (UDREM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
| | - S Cairo Notari
- Primary Care Institut (iuMFE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CMU 5-6, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Sader
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education (UDREM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Ritz
- Primary Care Institut (iuMFE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CMU 5-6, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Fassier
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education (UDREM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Internal Medicine for the elderly, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J M Sommer
- Primary Care Institut (iuMFE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CMU 5-6, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Nendaz
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education (UDREM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - N Caire-Fon
- Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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7
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Bucher MG, Zwirzitz B, Oladeinde A, Cook K, Plymel C, Zock G, Lakin S, Aggrey SE, Ritz C, Looft T, Lipp E, Agga GE, Abdo Z, Sistani KR. Reused poultry litter microbiome with competitive exclusion potential against Salmonella Heidelberg. J Environ Qual 2020; 49:869-881. [PMID: 33016484 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The success of poultry litter reuse in U.S. poultry production can be attributed to the efficient treatment methods used by producers during downtimes (the time lapse between consecutive flocks, during which the broiler house is empty). During this period, reused litter may be decaked, tilled/windrowed, or treated with acid-based amendments to reduce ammonia and bacteria levels. Competitive exclusion, pH, and temperature are proposed factors that influence the level of pathogens and the overall litter microbiome during downtimes. We previously reported on the bacterial genetic factors associated with the fitness of two strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg (SH) incubated for 14 d in reused litter. Here, we investigated the physicochemical parameters and the microbiome of the litter correlating with SH abundance during this period. We used 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing to determine the litter microbiome and whole genome sequencing to characterize bacteria with competitive exclusion potential against SH. The β diversity of the litter microbiome was significantly affected by the duration of incubation, microcosm, and microcosm plus Heidelberg strain combinations. In addition, β diversity was significantly affected by litter parameters, including NH4 , pH, moisture, water activity, and aluminum. The major phyla observed in the reused litter throughout the 14-d incubation experiment were Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, although their abundance differed by microcosm and time. Amplicon-specific variants homologous to the members of the genera Nocardiopsis and Lentibacillus and the family Bacillaceae_2 were found to significantly correlate with the abundance of Salmonella. A consortium of Bacillus subtilis strains isolated from the litter microcosms reduced the growth of SH in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Zwirzitz
- Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Univ. of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, 1210, Austria
- Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation FFoQSI GmbH, Tulln, 3430, Austria
| | | | - Kimberly Cook
- USDA-ARS, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Caroline Plymel
- Environmental Health Sciences Dep., Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Gregory Zock
- USDA-ARS, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Steven Lakin
- Dep. of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Samuel E Aggrey
- Dep. of Poultry Science, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Casey Ritz
- Dep. of Poultry Science, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Torey Looft
- USDA-ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Erin Lipp
- Environmental Health Sciences Dep., Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Getahun E Agga
- USDA-ARS, Food Animal Environmental Systems Research, Bowling Green, KY, 42101, USA
| | - Zaid Abdo
- Dep. of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Karamat R Sistani
- USDA-ARS, Food Animal Environmental Systems Research, Bowling Green, KY, 42101, USA
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8
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Adler Sørensen C, Fuglsang E, Jørgensen CS, Laursen RP, Larnkjær A, Mølgaard C, Ritz C, Michaelsen KF, Krogfelt KA, Frøkiær H. Probiotics and the immunological response to infant vaccinations; a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 25:511.e1-511.e7. [PMID: 30099133 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of a combination of probiotics on the antibody response to pneumococcal and pertussis vaccination in healthy Danish children, aged 8-14 months, at the time of starting day care. Moreover, the cytokine response to lipopolysaccharide of whole blood was assessed. METHODS A total of 290 children were randomly allocated to receive a combination of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG daily for a 6-month intervention period, and blood samples were drawn at the start and end of the study. Specific antibody response towards Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes and Bordetella pertussis toxin, as well as endotoxin-induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production in blood were analysed by Luminex and ELISA. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the average individual changes from baseline to end of study in antibody concentrations for S. pneumoniae for both the probiotics (340.4% ± 11.2%) and the placebo group (382.9% ± 10.4%) (p 0.525), nor for B. pertussis toxin in the two groups (probiotics 190.1% ± 12.6% versus placebo 238.8% ± 1.1%, p 0.340). The average individual change in IL-6 concentration was significantly lower in the probiotics versus the placebo group (2.9% ± 10.3% versus 33.7% ± 9.0%, p 0.024), whereas there was no difference in IFN-γ concentration (0.0% ± 0.2% versus -0.2% ± 0.1%, p 0.279). CONCLUSIONS The probiotic intervention did not affect the antibody response against S. pneumoniae and B. pertussis toxin in healthy Danish children.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Adler Sørensen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Denmark
| | - E Fuglsang
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Sværke Jørgensen
- Department of Virus & Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Denmark
| | - R Pilmann Laursen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Larnkjær
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Mølgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Ritz
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K F Michaelsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Angeliki Krogfelt
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Denmark; Department of Virus & Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Denmark.
| | - H Frøkiær
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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9
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Baty F, Ritz C, Kern L, Jensen S, Brutsche M. P145 Modeling of oxygen recovery after 6-min walk tests in COPD. Chest 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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10
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Thomas R, Flindtgaard M, Skriver K, Geertsen SS, Christiansen L, Korsgaard Johnsen L, Busk DVP, Bojsen-Møller E, Madsen MJ, Ritz C, Roig M, Lundbye-Jensen J. Acute exercise and motor memory consolidation: Does exercise type play a role? Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016; 27:1523-1532. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Thomas
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; Centre for Team Sport & Health; University of Copenhagen; Kobenhavn Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Kobenhavn Denmark
| | - M. Flindtgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; Centre for Team Sport & Health; University of Copenhagen; Kobenhavn Denmark
| | - K. Skriver
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; Centre for Team Sport & Health; University of Copenhagen; Kobenhavn Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Kobenhavn Denmark
| | - S. S. Geertsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; Centre for Team Sport & Health; University of Copenhagen; Kobenhavn Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Kobenhavn Denmark
| | - L. Christiansen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; Centre for Team Sport & Health; University of Copenhagen; Kobenhavn Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Kobenhavn Denmark
- Department of Neurological Surgery; The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis; University of Miami; Miami Florida USA
| | - L. Korsgaard Johnsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; Centre for Team Sport & Health; University of Copenhagen; Kobenhavn Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Kobenhavn Denmark
| | - D. V. P. Busk
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; Centre for Team Sport & Health; University of Copenhagen; Kobenhavn Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Kobenhavn Denmark
| | - E. Bojsen-Møller
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; Centre for Team Sport & Health; University of Copenhagen; Kobenhavn Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Kobenhavn Denmark
| | - M. J. Madsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; Centre for Team Sport & Health; University of Copenhagen; Kobenhavn Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Kobenhavn Denmark
| | - C. Ritz
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; Centre for Team Sport & Health; University of Copenhagen; Kobenhavn Denmark
| | - M. Roig
- School of Physical & Occupational Therapy; Faculty of Medicine; McGill University; Montréal Québec Canada
- Memory and Motor Rehabilitation Laboratory (MEMORY-LAB); Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital; Montreal Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR); Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - J. Lundbye-Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; Centre for Team Sport & Health; University of Copenhagen; Kobenhavn Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Kobenhavn Denmark
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11
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Cichon B, Fabiansen C, Yaméogo CW, Rytter MJH, Ritz C, Briend A, Christensen VB, Michaelsen KF, Oummani R, Filteau S, Ashorn P, Shepherd S, Friis H. Children with moderate acute malnutrition have inflammation not explained by maternal reports of illness and clinical symptoms: a cross-sectional study in Burkina Faso. BMC Nutr 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40795-016-0096-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Solheim SA, Nordsborg NB, Ritz C, Berget J, Kristensen AH, Mørkeberg J. Use of nutritional supplements by Danish elite athletes and fitness customers. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016; 27:801-808. [PMID: 27264018 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The nutritional supplement (NS) industry is one of the fastest growing in the world, and NS use in Denmark is among the highest in Europe. However, the exact use in elite athletes and fitness customers targeted for doping control is unknown. Information from 634 doping control forms obtained in 2014 was evaluated (elite athletes: n = 361; fitness customers: n = 273). The majority of female (92.6%) and male (85.0%) elite athletes and female (100.0%) and male (94.0%) fitness customers declared using one or more NS. The use of non-ergogenic NS was more prevalent in women than in men and in younger (15-34 years) compared with older (35-49 years) subjects, but it was less prevalent in intermittent compared with endurance and power/strength sports. Additionally, fitness customers who tested positive for doping also reported using more NS than subjects testing negative, indicating an association between NS and doping abuse. The present results demonstrate a very high prevalence of NS usage in both elite athletes and fitness customers. This highlights the importance of a strong national regulation of NS to avoid contamination of NS with doping substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Solheim
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N B Nordsborg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Ritz
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Berget
- Anti Doping Denmark, Brøndby, Denmark
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Große Ruse
- Center for Mathematical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - C. Ritz
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L.A. Hothorn
- Institute of Biostatistics, Leibniz University, Hannover, Germany
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14
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Dalskov S, Ritz C, Larnkjær A, Damsgaard CT, Petersen RA, Sørensen LB, Ong KK, Astrup A, Michaelsen KF, Mølgaard C. Associations between adiposity, hormones, and gains in height, whole-body height-adjusted bone size, and size-adjusted bone mineral content in 8- to 11-year-old children. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:1619-1629. [PMID: 26667245 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3428-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We examined fat-independent associations of hormones with height and whole-body bone size and mineral content in 633 school children. IGF-1 and osteocalcin predict growth in height, while fat, osteocalcin, and in girls also, IGF-1 predict growth in bone size. Leptin and ghrelin are inversely associated with bone size in girls. INTRODUCTION Obesity causes larger bone size and bone mass, but the role of hormones in this up-regulation of bone in obesity is not well elucidated. We examined longitudinal associations between baseline body fat mass (FM), and fat-independent fasting levels of ghrelin, adiponectin, leptin, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1), osteocalcin, and intact parathyroid hormone, and subsequent changes in height and in whole-body height-adjusted bone area "BAheight" and size-adjusted bone mineral content "BMCsize" in 8- to 11-year-olds. METHODS Analyses were carried out separately for boys (n = 325) and girls (n = 308) including data from baseline, 3 and 6 months from OPUS School Meal Study. RESULTS In both sexes: gain in BAheight was positively associated with baseline FM (≥2.05 cm(2)/kg, both p ≤ 0.003). Furthermore, gain in height was positively associated with baseline IGF-1 (≥0.02 cm/ng/ml, p = 0.001) and osteocalcin (≥0.13 cm/ng/ml, p ≤ 0.009); and gain in BAheight was positively associated with baseline osteocalcin (≥0.35 cm(2)/ng/ml, p ≤ 0.019). In girls only, gain in BAheight was also positively associated with baseline IGF-1 (0.06 cm(2)/ng/ml, p = 0.017) and inversely associated with both baseline ghrelin (-0.01 cm(2)/pg/ml, p = 0.001) and leptin (-1.21 cm(2)/μg/ml, p = 0.005). In boys, gain in BMCsize was positively associated with osteocalcin (0.18 g/ng/ml, p = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS This large longitudinal study suggests that in 8- to 11-year-old children, IGF-1 and osteocalcin predict growth in height, while FM, osteocalcin, and in girls also, IGF-1 predict growth in BAheight. Fat-independent inverse associations of leptin and ghrelin with BAheight in girls' are contrary to proposed growth-stimulating effects of leptin. Osteocalcin in boys predicts gain in BMCsize.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dalskov
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - C Ritz
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - A Larnkjær
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - C T Damsgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - R A Petersen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - L B Sørensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - K K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - K F Michaelsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - C Mølgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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15
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Mowrer JE, Sedlacek P, Kim J, Ritz C, Kim WK. Supplementation of nitrocompounds in broiler diets: Effects on bird performance, ammonia volatilization and nitrogen retention in broiler manure. J Environ Sci Health B 2016; 51:126-131. [PMID: 26620925 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2015.1092835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary nitrocompounds on bird performance, ammonia volatilization, and changes in manure nitrogen (N). A total of 200 one-day-old male chicks (Cobb 500) were used for this study. The chicks were raised in electrically heated battery brooders for 18 days. On day 1, birds were allocated into five treatment groups with four replicated pens: (T1) control, a corn and soybean meal diet (3,100 kcal kg-1 metabolizable energy (ME) and 21% Crude Protein (CP)); (T2) 16.7 mg kg-1 nitroethanol (NEL); (T3) 33.3 mg kg-1 NEL; (T4) 16.7 mg kg-1 nitropropanol (NPL); and (T5) 33.3 mg kg-1 NPL. The body weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency were measured on days 7, 14 and 18. Volatized ammonia (VA) and other N forms were measured at collection and following 2 weeks of incubation at 30°C. Broiler growth was not adversely affected by the nitrocompounds at concentrations up to 33.3 mg kg-1. The results show that initial manure pH was reduced by adding nitroethanol (NEL) and nitropropanol (NPL) to the diet by 0.2 and 0.5 pH units, respectively. Total VA after 2 weeks was unaffected by dietary treatment. The amounts of uric acid decomposed and ammonia produced were closely balanced in the control sample. However, this balance was significantly different among the manures produced by birds receiving nitrocompound treatments. The inclusion of NEL and NPL resulted in the presence of measurable amounts of Xanthine not found in the control group. This study indicates that supplementation of nitroethanol or nitropropanol into broiler diets up to 33.3 mg kg-1 influences uric acid degradation and ammonia production in broiler manure while maintaining optimal growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake E Mowrer
- a Department of Soil and Crop Sciences , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas , USA
| | - Paula Sedlacek
- b Department of Poultry Science , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia , USA
| | - Jihyuk Kim
- c Department of Animal Resources Science, Kongju National University , Yesan , Chungnam , South Korea
| | - Casey Ritz
- b Department of Poultry Science , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia , USA
| | - Woo K Kim
- b Department of Poultry Science , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia , USA
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Heilskov S, Vestergaard C, Babirekere E, Ritz C, Namusoke H, Rytter M, Deleuran M. Characterization and scoring of skin changes in severe acute malnutrition in children between 6 months and 5 years of age. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 29:2463-9. [PMID: 26471106 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute malnutrition is a life-threatening condition. It can be associated with severe skin changes, first properly described by Williams in 1933. The aetiology of these skin changes is still unknown and their character has never been systematically described in dermatological terms. The skin changes have been shown to be a predictor of mortality in hospital care. Systematic investigations on the character of the skin changes that have effect on prognosis, are needed to investigate which of the skin changes that are relevant to improve treatment. OBJECTIVES Our main objective was to identify the skin changes characteristic of children with severe acute malnutrition and to develop a clinical score that describes the morphology and severity in dermatological terms. We also investigated if any of the different skin changes were connected to prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS At Mulago Hospital, Mwanamugimu (Department of Paediatrics and Child Health), Uganda, 120 children were included over a period of six months and observed when treated for severe acute malnutrition. Skin changes were registered through clinical examination and photo documentation and associated to prognosis using Cox and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Skin manifestations were characterized by five objective skin signs: telogenic effluvium, pigmentary changes (hyper- and hypo-pigmentation), ichthyosiform skin changes, lichenoid skin changes and bullae-erosion-desquamation. The skin changes could be registered in a systematic manner using our simple clinical score. Lichenoid skin changes were a significant predictor of death and allowed improved accuracy of prediction of mortality. CONCLUSIONS The clinical score is simple and practical. A standardized way to register and score the skin changes, will allow a more unified way of reporting results in future studies. The standardization of observations, obtained through the proposed scoring system, will enable comparison of study results in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Heilskov
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Vestergaard
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - E Babirekere
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Mwanamugimu Nutrition Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - C Ritz
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Namusoke
- Mwanamugimu Nutrition Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - M Rytter
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Deleuran
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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17
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Faurholt-Jepsen M, Frost M, Ritz C, Christensen EM, Jacoby AS, Mikkelsen RL, Knorr U, Bardram JE, Vinberg M, Kessing LV. Daily electronic self-monitoring in bipolar disorder using smartphones - the MONARCA I trial: a randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind, parallel group trial. Psychol Med 2015; 45:2691-2704. [PMID: 26220802 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715000410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of studies on electronic self-monitoring in affective disorder and other psychiatric disorders is increasing and indicates high patient acceptance and adherence. Nevertheless, the effect of electronic self-monitoring in patients with bipolar disorder has never been investigated in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). The objective of this trial was to investigate in a RCT whether the use of daily electronic self-monitoring using smartphones reduces depressive and manic symptoms in patients with bipolar disorder. METHOD A total of 78 patients with bipolar disorder according to ICD-10 criteria, aged 18-60 years, and with 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) scores ≤17 were randomized to the use of a smartphone for daily self-monitoring including a clinical feedback loop (the intervention group) or to the use of a smartphone for normal communicative purposes (the control group) for 6 months. The primary outcomes were differences in depressive and manic symptoms measured using HAMD-17 and YMRS, respectively, between the intervention and control groups. RESULTS Intention-to-treat analyses using linear mixed models showed no significant effects of daily self-monitoring using smartphones on depressive as well as manic symptoms. There was a tendency towards more sustained depressive symptoms in the intervention group (B = 2.02, 95% confidence interval -0.13 to 4.17, p = 0.066). Sub-group analysis among patients without mixed symptoms and patients with presence of depressive and manic symptoms showed significantly more depressive symptoms and fewer manic symptoms during the trial period in the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight that electronic self-monitoring, although intuitive and appealing, needs critical consideration and further clarification before it is implemented as a clinical tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Faurholt-Jepsen
- The Copenhagen Clinic for Affective Disorder,Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen,Rigshospitalet,Copenhagen,Denmark
| | - M Frost
- The Pervasive Interaction Laboratory (PIT Lab),IT University of Copenhagen,Copenhagen,Denmark
| | - C Ritz
- Department of Basic Sciences and Environment,Faculty of Life Sciences,University of Copenhagen,Copenhagen,Denmark
| | - E M Christensen
- The Copenhagen Clinic for Affective Disorder,Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen,Rigshospitalet,Copenhagen,Denmark
| | - A S Jacoby
- The Copenhagen Clinic for Affective Disorder,Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen,Rigshospitalet,Copenhagen,Denmark
| | - R L Mikkelsen
- The Copenhagen Clinic for Affective Disorder,Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen,Rigshospitalet,Copenhagen,Denmark
| | - U Knorr
- The Copenhagen Clinic for Affective Disorder,Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen,Rigshospitalet,Copenhagen,Denmark
| | - J E Bardram
- The Pervasive Interaction Laboratory (PIT Lab),IT University of Copenhagen,Copenhagen,Denmark
| | - M Vinberg
- The Copenhagen Clinic for Affective Disorder,Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen,Rigshospitalet,Copenhagen,Denmark
| | - L V Kessing
- The Copenhagen Clinic for Affective Disorder,Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen,Rigshospitalet,Copenhagen,Denmark
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18
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Bjerg AT, Kristensen M, Ritz C, Stark KD, Holst JJ, Leser TD, Wellejus A, Astrup A. Four weeks supplementation with Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei L. casei W8® shows modest effect on triacylglycerol in young healthy adults. Benef Microbes 2015; 6:29-39. [PMID: 25245572 DOI: 10.3920/bm2014.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota has been shown to have the potential to affect appetite and blood lipids positively in animal studies. We investigated if four weeks supplementation with Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei L. casei W8® (L. casei W8) had an effect on subjective appetite sensation, ad libitum energy intake, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose and insulin response in humans. Secondarily, we explored potential effects on blood lipids, fatty acids and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) activity in humans as well as SCD1 expression in piglets given L. casei W8 for two weeks. 64 healthy participants completed the double-blinded, randomised, controlled, parallel four weeks study with supplementation of L. casei W8 (1010 cfu) or placebo capsules. A meal test was conducted before and after the intervention, where subjective appetite, ad libitum energy intake, GLP-1, glucose and insulin response were measured. Additionally fasting blood lipids and fatty acids concentrations were measured. Sixteen piglets were randomised into two groups: L. casei W8 (1010 cfu/day) as top dressing on morning fed or no treatment. After two weeks piglets were sacrificed and tissue from ileum, jejunum and skeletal muscle were sampled for mRNA analyses of SCD1 expression. Compared to placebo, L. casei W8 did not affect appetite, ad libitum energy intake, GLP-1, glucose and insulin response and total, high-density or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels after four weeks intervention. Triacylglycerol decreased in the L. casei W8 group compared to placebo at week 4 (P=0.03). The C16:1n-7/C16:0 ratio, reflecting SCD1 activity, tended to decrease when having L. casei W8 (P=0.06) compared to placebo. Muscle SCD1 expression decreased in piglets supplemented with L. casei W8 compared to control. In conclusion, supplementation with L. casei W8 did not affect appetite parameters, glucose or insulin responses; but appear to be able to lower triacylglycerol levels, possibly by reducing its production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Bjerg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 51, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - M Kristensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 51, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - C Ritz
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 51, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - K D Stark
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - J J Holst
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center of Basic Metabolism Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - T D Leser
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Alle 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - A Wellejus
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Alle 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - A Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 51, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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19
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Sjödin A, Hjorth MF, Damsgaard CT, Ritz C, Astrup A, Michaelsen KF. Physical activity, sleep duration and metabolic health in children fluctuate with the lunar cycle: science behind the myth. Clin Obes 2015; 5:60-6. [PMID: 25808903 PMCID: PMC4672692 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Behaviours of several animal species have been linked to lunar periodicity. Evidence for such links in humans is weak; however, recently, shorter sleep duration was reported around full moon in two small samples of adults. As restrictions in sleep duration have been shown to adversely affect glucose regulation and physical activity to improve glucose regulation, one could speculate that cardiometabolic risk factors might also be affected by the lunar phase. We retrospectively examined 795 Danish children, aged 8-11 years, with more than 13,000 24-h accelerometer recordings of activity and sleep as well as 2000 measurements of different cardiometabolic risk factors, including insulin sensitivity, appetite hormones and blood pressure, during nine lunar phases. During the period around full moon, children were 5.0 and 3.2 min per day less active, slept 2.4 and 4.1 min per night longer, had 0.03 and 0.05 higher homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and 0.6 and 0.8 mmHg higher mean arterial blood pressure compared with days around half moon and new moon, respectively (all P ≤ 0.02). Furthermore, ghrelin was lower and leptin was higher during the period around full moon compared with days around half moon (both P < 0.001). The results suggest that physical activity rather than sleep is responsible for the metabolic alterations observed around full moon. However, we have no understanding of potential mechanisms that may mediate a potential true link between childhood behaviour and the lunar cycle or confounders that may explain this, apparently leading to fluctuation in a number of cardiometabolic risk markers conjointly with lunar phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sjödin
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Ejlerskov KT, Larnkjaer A, Pedersen D, Ritz C, Mølgaard C, Michaelsen KF. IGF-I at 9 and 36 months of age — relations with body composition and diet at 3 years — the SKOT cohort. Growth Horm IGF Res 2014; 24:239-244. [PMID: 25466908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High infancy levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) have been associated with increased linear growth and fat-free mass (FFM) but also with risk of obesity. This paper examines how IGF-I at 9 and 36 months relates to diet and body composition. DESIGN Healthy term infants from the prospective cohort study, SKOT, were examined at 9 and 36 months with anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance (36 months), 7-day food records and blood analysis of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 by chemiluminescent immunometric assay. RESULTS IGF-I at 36 months (n = 229) was positively correlated with 9 months values and values were considerably higher in girls (43%). Children breastfed at 9 months had lower IGF-I concentrations at 9 months but reached the same IGF-I concentrations at 36 months as infants not breastfed at 9 months. IGF-I at 36 months was positively associated with height, weight, BMI, predicted FFM and FFM index (FFM/height (kg/m2)). Although there also was a positive association with predicted fat mass (FM) there was no association with FM index (FM/height (kg/m2)). Further, a negative association with skin fold thickness was observed. A change in IGF-I from 9–36 months was positively related to FFM and FFM index but not BMI, FM and FM index. No associations were seen between IGF-I and current intake of milk, meat or protein energy percentage, but both fat and saturated fat energy percentage were negatively associated with IGF-I. CONCLUSION IGF-I concentrations were positively associated with growth but not with adiposity at this age. However, the higher tempo of growth may influence age at adiposity rebound and thereby later risk of obesity. Milk and protein intake at 36 months did not influence IGF-I but there was a negative association with intake of fat and saturated fat. The implications of this finding for development of obesity need further exploration.
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21
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Schmidt JB, Pedersen SD, Gregersen NT, Vestergaard L, Nielsen MS, Ritz C, Madsbad S, Worm D, Hansen DL, Clausen TR, Rehfeld JF, Astrup A, Holst JJ, Sjödin A. Effects of RYGB on energy expenditure, appetite and glycaemic control: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013; 40:281-90. [PMID: 26303352 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increased energy expenditure (EE) has been proposed as an important mechanism for weight loss following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). However, this has never been investigated in a controlled setting independent of changes in energy balance. Similarly, only few studies have investigated the effect of RYGB on glycaemic control per se. Here, we investigated the effect of RYGB on EE, appetite, glycaemic control and specific signalling molecules compared with a control group in comparable negative energy balance. SUBJECTS/METHODS Obese normal glucose-tolerant participants were randomized to receive RYGB after 8 (n=14) or 12 weeks (n=14). The protocol included a visit at week 0 and three visits (weeks 7, 11 and 78) where 24-h EE, appetite and blood parameters were assessed. Participants followed a low-calorie diet from weeks 0-11, with those operated at week 12 serving as a control group for those operated at week 8. RESULTS Compared with controls, RYGB-operated participants had lower body composition-adjusted 24-h EE and basal EE 3 weeks postoperatively (both P<0.05) but EE parameters at week 78 were not different from preoperative values (week 7). Surgery changed the postprandial response of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY3-36 (PYY), ghrelin, cholecystokinin, fibroblast growth factor-19 and bile acids (all P<0.05). Particularly, increases in GLP-1, PYY and decreases in ghrelin were associated with decreased appetite. None of HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance), Matsuda index, the insulinogenic index, the disposition index and fasting hepatic insulin clearance were different between the groups, but RYGB operated had lower fasting glucose (P<0.05) and the postprandial glucose profile was shifted to the left (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our data do not support that EE is increased after RYGB. More likely, RYGB promotes weight loss by reducing appetite, partly mediated by changes in gastrointestinal hormone secretion. Furthermore, we found that the early changes in glycaemic control after RYGB is to a large extent mediated by caloric restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Schmidt
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S D Pedersen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,C-ENDO Endocrinology Clinic, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - N T Gregersen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
| | - L Vestergaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M S Nielsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Ritz
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Madsbad
- Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D Worm
- Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D L Hansen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - J F Rehfeld
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J J Holst
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Sjödin
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Dhanasekaran S, Jenum S, Stavrum R, Ritz C, Faurholt-Jepsen D, Kenneth J, Vaz M, Grewal HMS, Doherty TM. Identification of biomarkers for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and disease in BCG-vaccinated young children in Southern India. Genes Immun 2013; 14:356-64. [DOI: 10.1038/gene.2013.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Gregersen NT, Belza A, Jensen MG, Ritz C, Bitz C, Hels O, Frandsen E, Mela DJ, Astrup A. Acute effects of mustard, horseradish, black pepper and ginger on energy expenditure, appetite, ad libitum energy intake and energy balance in human subjects. Br J Nutr 2013; 109:556-63. [PMID: 23021155 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512001201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chilli peppers have been shown to enhance diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) and reduce energy intake (EI) in some studies, but there are few data on other pungent spices. The primary aim of the present study was to test the acute effects of black pepper (pepper), ginger, horseradish and mustard in a meal on 4 h postprandial DIT. The secondary aim was to examine the effects on subjective appetite measures, ad libitum EI and energy balance. In a five-way placebo-controlled, single-blind, cross-over trial, twenty-two young (age 24·9 (SD 4·6) years), normal-weight (BMI 21·8 (SD 2·1) kg/m²) males were randomly assigned to receive a brunch meal with either pepper (1·3 g), ginger (20 g), horseradish (8·3 g), mustard (21 g) or no spices (placebo). The amounts of spices were chosen from pre-testing to make the meal spicy but palatable. No significant treatment effects were observed on DIT, but mustard produced DIT, which tended to be larger than that of placebo (14 %, 59 (SE 3) v. 52 (SE 2) kJ/h, respectively, P=0·08). No other spice induced thermogenic effects approaching statistical significance. Subjective measures of appetite (P>0·85), ad libitum EI (P=0·63) and energy balance (P=0·67) also did not differ between the treatments. Finally, horseradish decreased heart rate (P=0·048) and increased diastolic blood pressure (P= 0·049) compared with placebo. In conclusion, no reliable treatment effects on appetite, EI or energy balance were observed, although mustard tended to be thermogenic at this dose. Further studies should explore the possible strength and mechanisms of the potential thermogenic effect of mustard actives, and potential enhancement by, for example, combinations with other food components.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Gregersen
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - A Belza
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - M G Jensen
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - C Ritz
- Department of Basic Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - C Bitz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - O Hels
- StatistiConsult, Ølstykke, Denmark
| | - E Frandsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - D J Mela
- Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - A Astrup
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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24
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Reis A, Stallknecht D, Ritz C, García M. Tenacity of low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses in different types of poultry litter. Poult Sci 2012; 91:1745-50. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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25
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Markvardsen SN, Kjelgaard-Hansen M, Ritz C, Sørensen DB. Less invasive blood sampling in the animal laboratory: clinical chemistry and haematology of blood obtained by the Triatominae bug Dipetalogaster maximus. Lab Anim 2012; 46:136-41. [PMID: 22334876 DOI: 10.1258/la.2011.011063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dipetalogaster maximus (Dipmax), a blood-sucking bug belonging to the family Reduviidae, has been used to obtain blood samples, for example for clinical chemistry and haematology, in a variety of zoo animals and wildlife. Using this bug allows stress-free blood sampling as the bug is able to draw blood without the mammal noticing the bug. In laboratory animal science, the need for blood samples from unstressed animals may arise, especially in animal behaviour research. The use of Dipmax bugs may prove a valuable tool for this purpose. To validate the method, we compared an array of standard blood parameters sampled from New Zealand White rabbits, sampled either by the use of bugs or by the conventional method; puncture of vena auricularis caudalis. The overall hypothesis was that there was no significant difference in clinical chemistry and haematological parameters between the bug method and the conventional method. A total of 17 clinical parameters as well as 12 haematological parameters were measured and compared in New Zealand White rabbits. The results showed that for 13 of these 29 analysed parameters, the bug method and the conventional method did not give significantly different results, and the obtained results were thus directly comparable. For the remaining parameters the obtained results were significantly different. However, all parameters were measurable in the bug samples. The influences of the bug metabolism on these parameters are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Markvardsen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Gronnegaardsvej 15, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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26
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Abstract
An additive hazards model may be used to quantify the effect of genetic and environmental predictors on flowering of sugar beet plants recorded as data-grouped time-to-event data. Estimated predictor effects have an intuitive interpretation rooted in the underlying time dynamics of the flowering process. However, agricultural experiments are often designed using several plots containing a large number of plants that are subsequently being monitored. In this article, we consider an additive hazards model with an additional plot structure induced by latent shared frailty variables. This approach enables us to derive a method to assess the quality of predictors in terms of how much plot variation they explain. We apply the method to a large data set exploring flowering of sugar beet and conclude that the genetic predictor biotype, which has a strong effect, also explains a substantial amount of the plot variation. The method is also applied to a data set from medical research concerning days to virus positivity of serum samples in AIDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Pipper
- Department of Basic Sciences and Environment, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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27
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Hale B, Fairchild B, Worley J, Harper L, Ritz C, Czarick M, Rathbun S, Naeher L, Irvin E. Comparison of ammonia measurement methods inside and outside tunnel-ventilated broiler houses. J APPL POULTRY RES 2010. [DOI: 10.3382/japr.2008-00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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28
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Andersson A, Ritz C, Lindgren D, Edén P, Lassen C, Heldrup J, Olofsson T, Råde J, Fontes M, Porwit-Macdonald A, Behrendtz M, Höglund M, Johansson B, Fioretos T. Microarray-based classification of a consecutive series of 121 childhood acute leukemias: prediction of leukemic and genetic subtype as well as of minimal residual disease status. Leukemia 2007; 21:1198-203. [PMID: 17410184 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression analyses were performed on 121 consecutive childhood leukemias (87 B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs), 11 T-cell ALLs and 23 acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs)), investigated during an 8-year period at a single center. The supervised learning algorithm k-nearest neighbor was utilized to build gene expression predictors that could classify the ALLs/AMLs according to clinically important subtypes with high accuracy. Validation experiments in an independent data set verified the high prediction accuracies of our classifiers. B-lineage ALLs with uncharacteristic cytogenetic aberrations or with a normal karyotype displayed heterogeneous gene expression profiles, resulting in low prediction accuracies. Minimal residual disease status (MRD) in T-cell ALLs with a high (>0.1%) MRD at day 29 could be classified with 100% accuracy already at the time of diagnosis. In pediatric leukemias with uncharacteristic cytogenetic aberrations or with a normal karyotype, unsupervised analysis identified two novel subgroups: one consisting mainly of cases remaining in complete remission (CR) and one containing a few patients in CR and all but one of the patients who relapsed. This study of a consecutive series of childhood leukemias confirms and extends further previous reports demonstrating that global gene expression profiling provides a valuable tool for genetic and clinical classification of childhood leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Andersson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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29
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Visser M, Fairchild B, Czarick M, Lacy M, Worley J, Thompson S, Kastner J, Ritz C, Naeher L. Fine Particle Measurements Inside and Outside Tunnel-Ventilated Broiler Houses. J APPL POULTRY RES 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/japr/15.3.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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30
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Durand G, Weiss J, Lipenkov V, Barnola JM, Krinner G, Parrenin F, Delmonte B, Ritz C, Duval P, Röthlisberger R, Bigler M. Effect of impurities on grain growth in cold ice sheets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jf000320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Ritz E, Ritz C. [Historical roles of salt]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2004; 129:2780-3. [PMID: 15605314 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-836112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently increasing evidence has been provided pointing to a close relation of salt consumption to hypertension as well as to target organ damage. It is interesting to note that the discussion concerning salt is unusually emotional. This may be explained, at least in part, by the fact that since ancient times salt had deep symbolic significance, as exemplified, mostly subconsciously, by many customs and expressions still in current use. In the past salt was essential to preserve food. The past importance of salt as a commodity can well be compared with that of oil today. These and further historical aspects of the role of salt are briefly dealt with in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ritz
- Medizinische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg.
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32
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Krinner G, Mangerud J, Jakobsson M, Crucifix M, Ritz C, Svendsen JI. Enhanced ice sheet growth in Eurasia owing to adjacent ice-dammed lakes. Nature 2004; 427:429-32. [PMID: 14749827 DOI: 10.1038/nature02233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2003] [Accepted: 11/14/2003] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Large proglacial lakes cool regional summer climate because of their large heat capacity, and have been shown to modify precipitation through mesoscale atmospheric feedbacks, as in the case of Lake Agassiz. Several large ice-dammed lakes, with a combined area twice that of the Caspian Sea, were formed in northern Eurasia about 90,000 years ago, during the last glacial period when an ice sheet centred over the Barents and Kara seas blocked the large northbound Russian rivers. Here we present high-resolution simulations with an atmospheric general circulation model that explicitly simulates the surface mass balance of the ice sheet. We show that the main influence of the Eurasian proglacial lakes was a significant reduction of ice sheet melting at the southern margin of the Barents-Kara ice sheet through strong regional summer cooling over large parts of Russia. In our simulations, the summer melt reduction clearly outweighs lake-induced decreases in moisture and hence snowfall, such as has been reported earlier for Lake Agassiz. We conclude that the summer cooling mechanism from proglacial lakes accelerated ice sheet growth and delayed ice sheet decay in Eurasia and probably also in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Krinner
- LGGE, CNRS-UJF Grenoble, BP 96, F-38402 Saint Martin d'Hères, France.
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33
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Goujon C, Barnola JM, Ritz C. Modeling the densification of polar firn including heat diffusion: Application to close-off characteristics and gas isotopic fractionation for Antarctica and Greenland sites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Goujon
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement; CNRS; Saint-Martin d'Hères France
| | - J.-M. Barnola
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement; CNRS; Saint-Martin d'Hères France
| | - C. Ritz
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement; CNRS; Saint-Martin d'Hères France
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Abstract
1. A comprehensive ecological survey was conducted from April 1997 to June 1999 on 4 turkey flocks (F1 to F4) to identify key pre-harvest sources/vectors of Salmonella colonisation. 2. Turkey caecal and crop content, litter, drinker, air, feed, feeder and environmental swab samples were collected. Conventional microbiological and serological procedures were used to isolate, identify, and confirm the presence or absence of Salmonella. 3. Salmonella was isolated from 13% of litter, 11% of turkey caeca, 10% of drinker, 5% of environmental swab, 3% of feed and 1% of feeder samples. Salmonella heidelberg (65%), S. senftenberg (19%), S. muenster (10%), S. anatum (3%), and S. worthington (3%) were identified. 4. Identifying environmental sources associated with Salmonella colonisation and characterising serotypes would assist in designing pre-harvest controls for this poultry-borne pathogen. Integrators and poultry producers may be able to design hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) protocols to reduce the incidence of Salmonella arriving at the processing plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nayak
- US FDA, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas
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35
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Jouzel J, Barkov NI, Barnola JM, Bender M, Chappellaz J, Genthon C, Kotlyakov VM, Lipenkov V, Lorius C, Petit JR, Raynaud D, Raisbeck G, Ritz C, Sowers T, Stievenard M, Yiou F, Yiou P. Extending the Vostok ice-core record of palaeoclimate to the penultimate glacial period. Nature 1993. [DOI: 10.1038/364407a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Sears SJ, Ritz C. A Guide to Excellence in Inservice. Journal of Career Development 1984. [DOI: 10.1177/089484538401000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Singhabhandhu B, Ritz C, Gray SW, Vohman MD, Skandalakis JE. Lesions of the omentum. J Med Assoc Ga 1972; 61:9-13. [PMID: 5007896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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