1
|
Coleman M, Pinares-Garcia P, Stephenson SE, Lee WS, Kooshavar D, Mclean CA, Howell KB, Leventer RJ, Reid CA, Lockhart PJ. Ectopic HCN4 Provides a Target Biomarker for the Genetic Spectrum of mTORopathies. Neurol Genet 2024; 10:e200135. [PMID: 38496361 PMCID: PMC10940058 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Pathogenic variants in PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway and GATOR1 complex genes resulting in hyperactivation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 are a major cause of drug-resistant epilepsy and focal cortical malformations (FCM). Resective neurosurgery is often required to achieve seizure control in patients with mTORopathies due to lack of effectiveness of nonsurgical therapies, including antiseizure medication and mTOR inhibitors. Elevated hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel isoform 4 (HCN4) has been proposed as a key marker in some mTOR-related brain malformations. This study aimed to investigate HCN4 as a biomarker in the brain across the genetic spectrum of mTORopathies in humans. Methods Our study investigated the relative steady-state levels and cellular localization of HCN4 in resected human brain tissue from 18 individuals with mTORopathies (3 individuals with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) due to TSC2 variants, 5 individuals with focal cortical dysplasia type IIA (FCD IIA) due to genetic variants in MTOR, AKT3, and PIK3CA, and 10 individuals with FCD IIB due to variants in TSC1, MTOR, RHEB, DEPDC5, or NPRL3). Results Elevated HCN4 was observed to be highly restricted to abnormal cell types (dysmorphic neurons and balloon cells) in brain tissue from all mTORopathy tissues (p < 0.0001) compared with those in controls, regardless of genetic cause or variant allele frequency. Elevated HCN4 was not observed in controls or individuals with non-mTOR-related focal epilepsy due to pathogenic variants in ATP1A3, SLC35A2, or FGFR1. Discussion HCN4 provides a biomarker for the genetic spectrum of mTORopathies and may present a potential therapeutic target for seizure control in mTOR-related epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Coleman
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (M.C., S.E.S., W.S.L., D.K., K.B.H., R.J.L., P.J.L.); Department of Paediatrics (M.C., S.E.S., D.K., K.B.H., R.J.L., P.J.L.), University of Melbourne; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (P.P.-G., C.A.R.), Parkville; Alfred Hospital (C.A.M.), Prahran; Department of Neurology (K.B.H., R.J.L.), The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville; and Epilepsy Research Centre (C.A.R.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victory, Australia
| | - Paulo Pinares-Garcia
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (M.C., S.E.S., W.S.L., D.K., K.B.H., R.J.L., P.J.L.); Department of Paediatrics (M.C., S.E.S., D.K., K.B.H., R.J.L., P.J.L.), University of Melbourne; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (P.P.-G., C.A.R.), Parkville; Alfred Hospital (C.A.M.), Prahran; Department of Neurology (K.B.H., R.J.L.), The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville; and Epilepsy Research Centre (C.A.R.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victory, Australia
| | - Sarah E Stephenson
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (M.C., S.E.S., W.S.L., D.K., K.B.H., R.J.L., P.J.L.); Department of Paediatrics (M.C., S.E.S., D.K., K.B.H., R.J.L., P.J.L.), University of Melbourne; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (P.P.-G., C.A.R.), Parkville; Alfred Hospital (C.A.M.), Prahran; Department of Neurology (K.B.H., R.J.L.), The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville; and Epilepsy Research Centre (C.A.R.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victory, Australia
| | - Wei Shern Lee
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (M.C., S.E.S., W.S.L., D.K., K.B.H., R.J.L., P.J.L.); Department of Paediatrics (M.C., S.E.S., D.K., K.B.H., R.J.L., P.J.L.), University of Melbourne; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (P.P.-G., C.A.R.), Parkville; Alfred Hospital (C.A.M.), Prahran; Department of Neurology (K.B.H., R.J.L.), The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville; and Epilepsy Research Centre (C.A.R.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victory, Australia
| | - Daniz Kooshavar
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (M.C., S.E.S., W.S.L., D.K., K.B.H., R.J.L., P.J.L.); Department of Paediatrics (M.C., S.E.S., D.K., K.B.H., R.J.L., P.J.L.), University of Melbourne; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (P.P.-G., C.A.R.), Parkville; Alfred Hospital (C.A.M.), Prahran; Department of Neurology (K.B.H., R.J.L.), The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville; and Epilepsy Research Centre (C.A.R.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victory, Australia
| | - Catriona A Mclean
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (M.C., S.E.S., W.S.L., D.K., K.B.H., R.J.L., P.J.L.); Department of Paediatrics (M.C., S.E.S., D.K., K.B.H., R.J.L., P.J.L.), University of Melbourne; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (P.P.-G., C.A.R.), Parkville; Alfred Hospital (C.A.M.), Prahran; Department of Neurology (K.B.H., R.J.L.), The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville; and Epilepsy Research Centre (C.A.R.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victory, Australia
| | - Katherine B Howell
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (M.C., S.E.S., W.S.L., D.K., K.B.H., R.J.L., P.J.L.); Department of Paediatrics (M.C., S.E.S., D.K., K.B.H., R.J.L., P.J.L.), University of Melbourne; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (P.P.-G., C.A.R.), Parkville; Alfred Hospital (C.A.M.), Prahran; Department of Neurology (K.B.H., R.J.L.), The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville; and Epilepsy Research Centre (C.A.R.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victory, Australia
| | - Richard J Leventer
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (M.C., S.E.S., W.S.L., D.K., K.B.H., R.J.L., P.J.L.); Department of Paediatrics (M.C., S.E.S., D.K., K.B.H., R.J.L., P.J.L.), University of Melbourne; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (P.P.-G., C.A.R.), Parkville; Alfred Hospital (C.A.M.), Prahran; Department of Neurology (K.B.H., R.J.L.), The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville; and Epilepsy Research Centre (C.A.R.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victory, Australia
| | - Christopher A Reid
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (M.C., S.E.S., W.S.L., D.K., K.B.H., R.J.L., P.J.L.); Department of Paediatrics (M.C., S.E.S., D.K., K.B.H., R.J.L., P.J.L.), University of Melbourne; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (P.P.-G., C.A.R.), Parkville; Alfred Hospital (C.A.M.), Prahran; Department of Neurology (K.B.H., R.J.L.), The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville; and Epilepsy Research Centre (C.A.R.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victory, Australia
| | - Paul J Lockhart
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (M.C., S.E.S., W.S.L., D.K., K.B.H., R.J.L., P.J.L.); Department of Paediatrics (M.C., S.E.S., D.K., K.B.H., R.J.L., P.J.L.), University of Melbourne; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (P.P.-G., C.A.R.), Parkville; Alfred Hospital (C.A.M.), Prahran; Department of Neurology (K.B.H., R.J.L.), The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville; and Epilepsy Research Centre (C.A.R.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victory, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sawyer E, Roylance R, Petridis C, Brook MN, Nowinski S, Papouli E, Fletcher O, Pinder S, Hanby A, Kohut K, Gorman P, Caneppele M, Peto J, dos Santos Silva I, Johnson N, Swann R, Dwek M, Perkins KA, Gillett C, Houlston R, Ross G, De Ieso P, Southey MC, Hopper JL, Provenzano E, Apicella C, Wesseling J, Cornelissen S, Keeman R, Fasching PA, Jud SM, Ekici AB, Beckmann MW, Kerin MJ, Marme F, Schneeweiss A, Sohn C, Burwinkel B, Guénel P, Truong T, Laurent-Puig P, Kerbrat P, Bojesen SE, Nordestgaard BG, Nielsen SF, Flyger H, Milne RL, Perez JIA, Menéndez P, Benitez J, Brenner H, Dieffenbach AK, Arndt V, Stegmaier C, Meindl A, Lichtner P, Schmutzler RK, Lochmann M, Brauch H, Fischer HP, Ko YD, Nevanlinna H, Muranen TA, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Bogdanova NV, Dörk T, Lindblom A, Margolin S, Mannermaa A, Kataja V, Kosma VM, Hartikainen JM, Chenevix-Trench G, Lambrechts D, Weltens C, Van Limbergen E, Hatse S, Chang-Claude J, Rudolph A, Seibold P, Flesch-Janys D, Radice P, Peterlongo P, Bonanni B, Volorio S, Giles GG, Severi G, Baglietto L, Mclean CA, Haiman CA, Henderson BE, Schumacher F, Le Marchand L, Simard J, Goldberg MS, Labrèche F, Dumont M, Kristensen V, Winqvist R, Pylkäs K, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Kauppila S, Andrulis IL, Knight JA, Glendon G, Mulligan AM, Devillee P, Tollenaar RAEM, Seynaeve CM, Kriege M, Figueroa J, Chanock SJ, Sherman ME, Hooning MJ, Hollestelle A, van den Ouweland AMW, van Deurzen CHM, Li J, Czene K, Humphreys K, Cox A, Cross SS, Reed MWR, Shah M, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Jaworska-Bieniek K, Durda K, Swerdlow A, Ashworth A, Orr N, Schoemaker M, Couch FJ, Hallberg E, González-Neira A, Pita G, Alonso MR, Tessier DC, Vincent D, Bacot F, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Dennis J, Michailidou K, Dunning AM, Hall P, Easton D, Pharoah P, Schmidt MK, Tomlinson I, Garcia-Closas M. Genetic predisposition to in situ and invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004285. [PMID: 24743323 PMCID: PMC3990493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive lobular breast cancer (ILC) accounts for 10-15% of all invasive breast carcinomas. It is generally ER positive (ER+) and often associated with lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). Genome-wide association studies have identified more than 70 common polymorphisms that predispose to breast cancer, but these studies included predominantly ductal (IDC) carcinomas. To identify novel common polymorphisms that predispose to ILC and LCIS, we pooled data from 6,023 cases (5,622 ILC, 401 pure LCIS) and 34,271 controls from 36 studies genotyped using the iCOGS chip. Six novel SNPs most strongly associated with ILC/LCIS in the pooled analysis were genotyped in a further 516 lobular cases (482 ILC, 36 LCIS) and 1,467 controls. These analyses identified a lobular-specific SNP at 7q34 (rs11977670, OR (95%CI) for ILC = 1.13 (1.09-1.18), P = 6.0 × 10(-10); P-het for ILC vs IDC ER+ tumors = 1.8 × 10(-4)). Of the 75 known breast cancer polymorphisms that were genotyped, 56 were associated with ILC and 15 with LCIS at P<0.05. Two SNPs showed significantly stronger associations for ILC than LCIS (rs2981579/10q26/FGFR2, P-het = 0.04 and rs889312/5q11/MAP3K1, P-het = 0.03); and two showed stronger associations for LCIS than ILC (rs6678914/1q32/LGR6, P-het = 0.001 and rs1752911/6q14, P-het = 0.04). In addition, seven of the 75 known loci showed significant differences between ER+ tumors with IDC and ILC histology, three of these showing stronger associations for ILC (rs11249433/1p11, rs2981579/10q26/FGFR2 and rs10995190/10q21/ZNF365) and four associated only with IDC (5p12/rs10941679; rs2588809/14q24/RAD51L1, rs6472903/8q21 and rs1550623/2q31/CDCA7). In conclusion, we have identified one novel lobular breast cancer specific predisposition polymorphism at 7q34, and shown for the first time that common breast cancer polymorphisms predispose to LCIS. We have shown that many of the ER+ breast cancer predisposition loci also predispose to ILC, although there is some heterogeneity between ER+ lobular and ER+ IDC tumors. These data provide evidence for overlapping, but distinct etiological pathways within ER+ breast cancer between morphological subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elinor Sawyer
- Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, Kings College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Roylance
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christos Petridis
- Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, Kings College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark N. Brook
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Salpie Nowinski
- Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, Kings College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Efterpi Papouli
- Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Pinder
- Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, Kings College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Hanby
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly Kohut
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Gorman
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Caneppele
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Peto
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nichola Johnson
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Swann
- Department of Molecular and Applied Biosciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam Dwek
- Department of Molecular and Applied Biosciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine-Anne Perkins
- Department of Molecular and Applied Biosciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cheryl Gillett
- Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, Kings College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Ross
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo De Ieso
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John L. Hopper
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elena Provenzano
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carmel Apicella
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jelle Wesseling
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sten Cornelissen
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renske Keeman
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian M. Jud
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B. Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael J. Kerin
- Surgery, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Federick Marme
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof Sohn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Therese Truong
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Pierre Kerbrat
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Department of Medical Oncology, Rennes, France
| | - Stig E. Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- Copenhagen General Population Study and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sune F. Nielsen
- Copenhagen General Population Study and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre [CNIO], Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Javier Benitez
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre [CNIO], Madrid, Spain
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aida Karina Dieffenbach
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Alfons Meindl
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Lichtner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Rita K. Schmutzler
- Centre for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer and Centre for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Magdalena Lochmann
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Fischer
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
| | - The GENICA Network
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Occupational Medicine and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taru A. Muranen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology - Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vesa Kataja
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana M. Hartikainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Sigrid Hatse
- University Hospital Gashuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Seibold
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Volorio
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare and Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Laura Baglietto
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Catriona A. Mclean
- Department of Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Brian E. Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Jacques Simard
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center and Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark S. Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - France Labrèche
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martine Dumont
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center and Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine (Faculty Division Ahus), UiO, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, NordLab/Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, NordLab/Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Saila Kauppila
- Department of Oncology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia A. Knight
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gord Glendon
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Devillee
- Department of Human Genetics & Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rob A. E. M. Tollenaar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline M. Seynaeve
- Family Cancer Clinic, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC-Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke Kriege
- Family Cancer Clinic, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC-Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mark E. Sherman
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maartje J. Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jingmei Li
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kamila Czene
- Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Keith Humphreys
- Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angela Cox
- CRUK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Simon S. Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm W. R. Reed
- CRUK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jaworska-Bieniek
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Durda
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology and Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Orr
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Minouk Schoemaker
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Emily Hallberg
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre [CNIO], Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Pita
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre [CNIO], Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Rosario Alonso
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre [CNIO], Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel C. Tessier
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel Vincent
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Francois Bacot
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Manjeet K. Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Per Hall
- Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Doug Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marjanka K. Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|