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Ng CT, Yip WK, Mohtarrudin N, Jabar MF, Seow HF. Increased tube formation and up-regulation of FGFR3 mRNA expression in microvascular endothelial cell by exosomes derived from SW480-7. Malays J Pathol 2023; 45:195-204. [PMID: 37658529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extracellular vesicles (exosome-like vesicles) are small membrane vesicles ranging from 20-200nm in size that are released by various cells into the extracellular space. These extracellular vesicles play a major role in cell-to-cell communication and contain materials, such as proteins, mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The effect of exosomes derived from an invasive colon cancer cell line on angiogenesis is unclear. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of exosomes derived from an invasive colon cancer cell line on angiogenesis of endothelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, the exosomes from the cell culture supernatants of an invasive colon cancer cell line SW480-7 were characterised. The effect on tube formation and expression of angiogenic genes in a microvascular endothelial cell, telomerase-immortalised microvascular endothelial cell (TIME) was examined after co-cultured with exosomes secreted from SW480-7. RESULTS Zetasizer result showed average diameter of exosomes derived from SW480-7 was 246.2 nm and morphological analysis showed the size of majority of exosomes were less than 200 nm. Results showed that exosomes derived from SW480-7 increased tube formation and up-regulated FGFR3 mRNA expression in TIME. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that exosomes derived from SW480-7 increased tube formation and up-regulated expression of FGFR3 mRNA in TIME.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Ng
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pathology, Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - W K Yip
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pathology, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - N Mohtarrudin
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pathology, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - M F Jabar
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - H F Seow
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pathology, Serdang, Malaysia
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Wang CG, Li Z, Liu S, Ng CT, Marzuki M, Jeslyn Wong PS, Tan B, Lee A, Hui Lim CF, Bifani P, Fang Z, Ching Wong JC, Setoh YX, Yang YY, Mun CH, Fiona Phua SZ, Lim WQ, Lin L, Cook AR, Tanoto H, Ng LC, Singhal A, Leong YW, Loh XJ. N95 respirator decontamination: a study in reusability. Mater Today Adv 2021; 11:100148. [PMID: 34179746 PMCID: PMC8220445 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtadv.2021.100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had caused a severe depletion of the worldwide supply of N95 respirators. The development of methods to effectively decontaminate N95 respirators while maintaining their integrity is crucial for respirator regeneration and reuse. In this study, we systematically evaluated five respirator decontamination methods using vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP) or ultraviolet (254 nm wavelength, UVC) radiation. Through testing the bioburden, filtration, fluid resistance, and fit (shape) of the decontaminated respirators, we found that the decontamination methods using BioQuell VHP, custom VHP container, Steris VHP, and Sterrad VHP effectively inactivated Cardiovirus (3-log10 reduction) and bacteria (6-log10 reduction) without compromising the respirator integrity after 2-15 cycles. Hope UVC system was capable of inactivating Cardiovirus (3-log10 reduction) but exhibited relatively poorer bactericidal activity. These methods are capable of decontaminating 10-1000 respirators per batch with varied decontamination times (10-200 min). Our findings show that N95 respirators treated by the previously mentioned decontamination methods are safe and effective for reuse by industry, laboratories, and hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-G Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, No. 08-03, 138634, Singapore
| | - Z Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, No. 08-03, 138634, Singapore
| | - S Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, No. 08-03, 138634, Singapore
| | - C T Ng
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency (NEA), 11 Biopolis Way No.06-05/08 Helios Block, 138667, Singapore
| | - M Marzuki
- A∗STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, 138648, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, 138648, Singapore
| | - P S Jeslyn Wong
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency (NEA), 11 Biopolis Way No.06-05/08 Helios Block, 138667, Singapore
| | - B Tan
- A∗STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, 138648, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, 138648, Singapore
| | - A Lee
- A∗STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, 138648, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, 138648, Singapore
| | - C F Hui Lim
- A∗STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, 138648, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, 138648, Singapore
| | - P Bifani
- A∗STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, 138648, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, 138648, Singapore
| | - Z Fang
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency (NEA), 11 Biopolis Way No.06-05/08 Helios Block, 138667, Singapore
| | - J C Ching Wong
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency (NEA), 11 Biopolis Way No.06-05/08 Helios Block, 138667, Singapore
| | - Y X Setoh
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency (NEA), 11 Biopolis Way No.06-05/08 Helios Block, 138667, Singapore
| | - Y Y Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos, 138669, Singapore
| | - C H Mun
- DSO National Laboratories, 12 Science Park Dr, 118225, Singapore
| | - S Z Fiona Phua
- DSO National Laboratories, 12 Science Park Dr, 118225, Singapore
| | - W Q Lim
- DSO National Laboratories, 12 Science Park Dr, 118225, Singapore
| | - L Lin
- ST Engineering Aerospace Engines Pte Ltd, 501 Airport Rd, 539931, Singapore
| | - A R Cook
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, 117549, Singapore
| | - H Tanoto
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, No. 08-03, 138634, Singapore
| | - L-C Ng
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency (NEA), 11 Biopolis Way No.06-05/08 Helios Block, 138667, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
| | - A Singhal
- A∗STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, 138648, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, 138648, Singapore
| | - Y W Leong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, No. 08-03, 138634, Singapore
| | - X J Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, No. 08-03, 138634, Singapore
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Tan YK, Teo P, Saffari SE, Xin X, Chakraborty B, Ng CT, Thumboo J. A musculoskeletal ultrasound program as an intervention to improve disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs adherence in rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Scand J Rheumatol 2021; 51:1-9. [PMID: 34107851 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2021.1901416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of a musculoskeletal ultrasound programme (MUSP) applying real-time ultrasonography with reinforcement of findings by a rheumatologist on improving disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) adherence in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Method: Eligible RA patients with low adherence score (< 6) on the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) were randomized to either an intervention group (receiving MUSP at baseline) or a control group (no MUSP), and followed up for 6 months. Adherence measures (patient-reported and pharmacy dispensing records) and clinical efficacy data were collected. The MUSP's feasibility and acceptability were assessed.Results: Among 132 recruited RA patients, six without baseline visits were excluded; therefore, 126 patients were analysed (62 intervention and 64 control). The primary outcome (proportion of patients with 1 month MMAS-8 score < 6) was significantly smaller (p = 0.019) in the intervention (35.48%) than the control group (56.25%). However, 3 and 6 month adherence and clinical efficacy outcomes were not significantly different between the two groups (all p > 0.05). All 62 patients completed the MUSP (mean time taken, 9.2 min), with the majority reporting moderately/very much improved understanding of their joint condition (71%) and the importance of regularly taking their RA medication(s) (79%). Most patients (90.3%) would recommend the MUSP to another RA patient.Conclusions: The MUSP improved RA patients' DMARDs adherence in the short term and was feasible and well accepted by patients. Future studies could evaluate whether repeated feedback using MUSP could help to sustain the improvement in DMARD adherence in RA patients, and whether this may be clinically impactful and cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Tan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pse Teo
- Health Services Research Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - S E Saffari
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - X Xin
- Health Services Research Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - B Chakraborty
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - C T Ng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Thumboo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Ng CT, Isoura Y, Cho Y, Tokuhara D. Immunoglobulin A vasculitis with characteristic capsule endoscopy findings. Pediatr Int 2019; 61:919-920. [PMID: 31569294 DOI: 10.1111/ped.13949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chantel Ty Ng
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Isoura
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tokuhara
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Ng CT, Fong LY, Low YY, Ban J, Hakim MN, Ahmad Z. Nitric oxide participates in IFN-gamma-induced HUVECs hyperpermeability. Physiol Res 2016; 65:1053-1058. [PMID: 27539106 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelial barrier function is tightly controlled by a broad range of signaling cascades including nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-cGMP) pathway. It has been proposed that disturbances in NO and cGMP production could interfere with proper endothelial barrier function. In this study, we assessed the effect of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, on NO and cGMP levels and examined the mechanisms by which NO and cGMP regulate the IFN-gamma-mediated HUVECs hyperpermeability. The flux of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran across cell monolayers was used to study the permeability of endothelial cells. Here, we found that IFN-gamma significantly attenuated basal NO concentration and the increased NO levels supplied by a NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Besides, application of IFN-gamma also significantly attenuated both the basal cGMP concentration and the increased cGMP production donated by a cell permeable cGMP analogue, 8-bromo-cyclic GMP (8-Br-cGMP). In addition, exposure of the cell monolayer to IFN-gamma significantly increased HUVECs basal permeability. However, L-NAME pretreatment did not suppress IFN-gamma-induced HUVECs hyperpermeability. L-NAME pretreatment followed by SNP or SNP pretreatment partially reduced IFN-gamma-induced HUVECs hyperpermeability. Pretreatment with a guanylate cyclase inhibitor, 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione (LY83583), led to a further increase in IFN-gamma-induced HUVECs hyperpermeability. The findings suggest that the mechanism underlying IFN-gamma-induced increased HUVECs permeability is partly related to the inhibition of NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Ng
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Biniecka M, Canavan M, McGarry T, Gao W, McCormick J, Cregan S, Gallagher L, Smith T, Phelan JJ, Ryan J, O'Sullivan J, Ng CT, Veale DJ, Fearon U. Dysregulated bioenergetics: a key regulator of joint inflammation. Ann Rheum Dis 2016; 75:2192-2200. [PMID: 27013493 PMCID: PMC5136702 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study examines the relationship between synovial hypoxia and cellular bioenergetics with synovial inflammation. Methods Primary rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASF) were cultured with hypoxia, dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) or metabolic intermediates. Mitochondrial respiration, mitochondrial DNA mutations, cell invasion, cytokines, glucose and lactate were quantified using specific functional assays. RASF metabolism was assessed by the XF24-Flux Analyzer. Mitochondrial structural morphology was assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In vivo synovial tissue oxygen (tpO2 mmHg) was measured in patients with inflammatory arthritis (n=42) at arthroscopy, and markers of glycolysis/oxidative phosphorylation (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), PKM2, GLUT1, ATP) were quantified by immunohistology. A subgroup of patients underwent contiguous MRI and positron emission tomography (PET)/CT imaging. RASF and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) migration/angiogenesis, transcriptional activation (HIF1α, pSTAT3, Notch1-IC) and cytokines were examined in the presence of glycolytic inhibitor 3-(3-Pyridinyl)-1-(4-pyridinyl)-2-propen-1-one (3PO). Results DMOG significantly increased mtDNA mutations, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial mass, reactive oxygen species and glycolytic RASF activity with concomitant attenuation of mitochondrial respiration and ATP activity (all p<0.01). This was coupled with altered mitochondrial morphology. Hypoxia-induced lactate levels (p<0.01), which in turn induced basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) secretion and RASF invasiveness (all p<0.05). In vivo glycolytic markers were inversely associated with synovial tpO2 levels <20 mm Hg, in contrast ATP was significantly reduced (all p<0.05). Decrease in GAPDH and GLUT1 was paralleled by an increase in in vivo tpO2 in tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitor (TNFi) responders. Novel PET/MRI hybrid imaging demonstrated close association between metabolic activity and inflammation. 3PO significantly inhibited RASF invasion/migration, angiogenic tube formation, secretion of proinflammatory mediators (all p<0.05), and activation of HIF1α, pSTAT3 and Notch-1IC under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Conclusions Hypoxia alters cellular bioenergetics by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and promoting a switch to glycolysis, supporting abnormal angiogenesis, cellular invasion and pannus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Biniecka
- Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Dublin Academic Medical Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Canavan
- Department of Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - T McGarry
- Department of Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - W Gao
- Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Dublin Academic Medical Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J McCormick
- Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Dublin Academic Medical Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Cregan
- Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Dublin Academic Medical Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Gallagher
- Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Dublin Academic Medical Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - T Smith
- Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Dublin Academic Medical Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J J Phelan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Ryan
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J O'Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C T Ng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - D J Veale
- Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Dublin Academic Medical Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - U Fearon
- Department of Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Biniecka M, Canavan M, Ng CT, Smith T, McGarry T, Veale DJ, Fearon U. A6.27 Dysregulated bioenergetics in the inflamed joint. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207259.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ong CS, Cheah TE, Jasmin R, Yahya F, Sockalingam S, Ng CT. Painless ascites and elevated CA125: initial presentation of lupus-associated protein-losing enteropathy. Lupus 2013; 22:1174-7. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203313498792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lupus associated protein loosing enteropathy (LUPLE) is a rare gastrointestinal manifestation of SLE. We presented a case of painless ascites from serve hypoalbuminaemia secondary to LUPLE. The patient responded to a course of intravenous cyclophosphamide. The remission was maintained by azathioprine and low dose prednisolone.
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Affiliation(s)
- CS Ong
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - TE Cheah
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R Jasmin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - F Yahya
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Sockalingam
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - CT Ng
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Khairullah S, Jasmin R, Yahya F, Cheah TE, Ng CT, Sockalingam S. Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction: a rare first manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2013; 22:957-60. [PMID: 23761180 DOI: 10.1177/0961203313492873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is a rare clinical syndrome of ineffective intestinal motility characterised by clinical and radiological evidence of intestinal obstruction with no identifiable mechanical lesion. CIPO can either be idiopathic or secondary to a systemic disease, like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Fewer than 30 cases of CIPO secondary to SLE have been reported so far. Here we describe a case of SLE with the initial presentation of CIPO. In SLE-related CIPO, treatment includes a combination of high-dose intravenous corticosteroids, immunosuppressants and supportive care. With awareness of this condition, unnecessary surgical intervention and repeated invasive procedures could be avoided. Early initiation of treatment would avoid complications and bring about resolution of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khairullah
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ng CT, Tan CK, Oh CC, Chang PE. Successful extracorporeal liver dialysis for the treatment of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-induced fulminant hepatic failure. Singapore Med J 2013; 54:e113-6. [DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2013067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Harty LC, Ng CT, Fearon C, Murray CA, Fitzgerald O, Veale DJ. Joint tenderness and swelling in biologic-treated inflammatory arthritis patients - a tricky trade off? Int J Clin Pract 2012; 66:128-31. [PMID: 22257038 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2011.02836.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the pattern of joint responses in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis treated with TNF inhibitor (TNFi) therapy. METHODS A total of 182 PsA/Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients attending the rheumatology unit of a tertiary referral centre in Ireland were recruited and prospectively followed up by the attendant rheumatologists. Clinical progress of the patients was noted at baseline and 6 months after starting TNFi therapy. RESULTS A total of 114 RA and 68 PsA patients were assessed; 20% of the patients had one of either tender joints or swollen joints after 6 months of therapy. Rheumatoid arthritis patients had a significantly higher proportion of non-tender swollen joints compared with PsA patients, whereas PsA patients had a higher proportion of tender non-swollen joints (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Residual joint swelling was found more commonly in RA patients than in PsA patients following TNFi therapy, whereas residual tender joints occurred more frequently in PsA; this may reflect enthesiopathy or periostitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Harty
- Bone and Joint Unit, Department of Rheumatology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Ng CT, O'Neil M, Walsh D, Walsh T, Veale DJ. Successful pregnancy after rituximab in a women with recurrent in vitro fertilisation failures and anti-phospholipid antibody positive. Ir J Med Sci 2011; 178:531-3. [PMID: 19043774 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-008-0265-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of successful pregnancy after rituximab in a patient with a history of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) failures and positive anti-cardiolipin antibody (ACA). Following a course of rituximab, her ACA became negative and she successfully conceived with IVF treatment. This is the first case in literature describing the use of rituximab therapy in this clinical scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Ng
- Bone and Joint Unit, Department of Rheumatology, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Ng CT, Htoo A, Tan SY. Fish bone-induced hepatic abscess: medical treatment. Singapore Med J 2011; 52:e56-e58. [PMID: 21451917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of a 59-year-old man admitted for acute myocardial infarction. He subsequently spiked a high-grade fever on the second day after percutaneous coronary intervention. Computed tomography imaging of the abdomen revealed a hepatic abscess secondary to gastrointestinal perforation by a fish bone. Medical therapy with antibiotics was preferred over surgical drainage of the hepatic abscess in view of the fact that the patient was on dual antiplatelet agents. The hepatic abscess was completely resolved with conservative antimicrobial therapy. Antimicrobial therapy appears to be a viable option in selected patients with hepatic abscess secondary to fish bone perforation, especially if they have contraindications to surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Ng
- National Heart Centre, 17 Third Hospital Avenue, Mistri Wing, Singapore 168752
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Ng CT, Biniecka M, Kennedy A, McCormick J, Fitzgerald O, Bresnihan B, Buggy D, Taylor CT, O'Sullivan J, Fearon U, Veale DJ. Synovial tissue hypoxia and inflammation in vivo. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69:1389-95. [PMID: 20439288 PMCID: PMC2946116 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2009.119776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypoxia is a microenvironmental feature in the inflamed joint, which promotes survival advantage for cells. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of partial oxygen pressure in the synovial tissue (tPO(2)) in patients with inflammatory arthritis with macroscopic/microscopic inflammation and local levels of proinflammatory mediators. METHODS Patients with inflammatory arthritis underwent full clinical assessment and video arthroscopy to quantify macroscopic synovitis and measure synovial tPO(2) under direct visualisation. Cell specific markers (CD3 (T cells), CD68 (macrophages), Ki67 (cell proliferation) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (cell apoptosis)) were quantified by immunohistology. In vitro migration was assessed in primary and normal synoviocytes (synovial fibroblast cells (SFCs)) using a wound repair scratch assay. Levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin 1beta (IL1beta), interferon gamma (IFNgamma), IL6, macrophage inflammatory protein 3alpha (MIP3alpha) and IL8 were quantified, in matched serum and synovial fluid, by multiplex cytokine assay and ELISA. RESULTS The tPO(2) was 22.5 (range 3.2-54.1) mm Hg and correlated inversely with macroscopic synovitis (r=-0.421, p=0.02), sublining CD3 cells (-0.611, p<0.01) and sublining CD68 cells (r=-0.615, p<0.001). No relationship with cell proliferation or apoptosis was found. Primary and normal SFCs exposed to 1% and 3% oxygen (reflecting the median tPO(2) in vivo) induced cell migration. This was coupled with significantly higher levels of synovial fluid tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), IL1beta, IFNgamma and MIP3alpha in patients with tPO(2) <20 mm Hg (all p values <0.05). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show a direct in vivo correlation between synovial tPO(2), inflammation and cell migration, thus it is proposed that hypoxia is a possible primary driver of inflammatory processes in the arthritic joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Ng
- Dublin Academic Medical Centre, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Saber TP, Ng CT, Renard G, Lynch BM, Pontifex E, Walsh CAE, Grier A, Molloy M, Bresnihan B, Fitzgerald O, Fearon U, Veale DJ. Remission in psoriatic arthritis: is it possible and how can it be predicted? Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12:R94. [PMID: 20482783 PMCID: PMC2911878 DOI: 10.1186/ar3021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since remission is now possible in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) we wished to examine remission rates in PsA patients following anti tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) therapy and to examine possible predictors of response. METHODS Analysis of a prospective patient cohort attending a biologic clinic, between November 2004 and March 2008, was performed prior to commencing therapy and at regular intervals. Baseline clinical characteristics including demographics, previous disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) response, tender and swollen joint counts, early morning stiffness, pain visual analogue score, patient global assessment, C reactive protein (CRP) and health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) were collected. RESULTS A total of 473 patients (152 PsA; 321 rheumatoid arthritis (RA)) were analyzed. At 12 months remission, defined according to the disease activity score using 28 joint count and CRP (DAS28-CRP), was achieved in 58% of PsA patients compared to 44% of RA patients, significant improvement in outcome measures were noted in both groups (P<0.05). Analysis of a subgroup of PsA and RA patients matched for DAS28-CRP at baseline also showed higher numbers of PsA patients achieving remission. Linear regression analysis identified the HAQ at baseline as the best predictor of remission in PsA patients (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS DAS28 remission is possible in PsA patients at one year following anti-TNF therapy, at higher rates than in RA patients and is predicted by baseline HAQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tajvur P Saber
- Department of Rheumatology, Dublin Academic Medical Centre, St Vincent's University Hospital, and The Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Ng CT, Radovits BJ, Kievit W, Fransen J, van Riel PLCM, FitzGerald O, Veale DJ, Bresnihan B. Unregulated prescribing of anti-tumour necrosis factor agents does not mean inappropriate prescribing: Table 1. Ann Rheum Dis 2009; 69:313-4. [DOI: 10.1136/ard.2009.107748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Tay YC, Ng CT, Lomanto D, Ti TK. Leiomyoma of the oesophagus managed by thoracoscopic enucleation. Singapore Med J 2006; 47:901-3. [PMID: 16990968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The authors document two patients with oesophageal leiomyoma. In the first patient, a 41-year-old man, enucleation of the oesophageal leiomyoma was initially attempted by a thoracoscopic approach, but because of adherence of the tumour to the oesophageal mucosa, enucleation was completed by thoracotomy. Thoracoscopic enucleation was successfully performed in the second patient, a 62-year-old man. This paper includes a literature review on the pathology, diagnosis and surgical approach in the management of oesophageal leiomyoma. In conclusion, prudent use of thoracoscopic approach in the enucleation of oesophageal leiomyoma could potentially result in shorter hospital stay, decreased postoperative pain and reduced requirement for postoperative analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Tay
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074
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Khoja H, Wang G, Ng CT, Tucker J, Brown T, Shyamala V. Cloning of CCRL1, an orphan seven transmembrane receptor related to chemokine receptors, expressed abundantly in the heart. Gene 2000; 246:229-38. [PMID: 10767544 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(00)00076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to identify novel chemokine receptor genes, cDNA expressed sequence tags (EST) were analyzed for a significant homology with mammalian chemokine receptors. The sequence from one of the selected EST clones was used to generate a full-length cDNA encoding a putative seven transmembrane receptor, CCRL1-CC chemokine receptor like 1. The full-length receptor encodes a polypeptide of 350 amino acids and has about 35% homology to the chemokine receptors CCR6 and CCR7. Northern blot analysis indicates predominant expression of about 5.0, 2.0 and 1.3kb mRNA forms in human heart tissue, while low-level expression of the 2.0 and 1.3kb forms was observed in lung, pancreas and spleen and in fetal tissues. In-situ hybridization confirmed the presence of CCRL1 mRNA in cardiac muscle cells. Similar to the chemokine receptor CCR6, CCRL1 maps to chromosome 6 and has one intron in the 5' untranslated region. Coupled transcription-translation of CCRL1 cDNA yielded a glycosylated polypeptide of about 45kDa.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cell Line
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Female
- Fetus/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Genes/genetics
- Humans
- Hybrid Cells
- Introns
- Male
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Protein Biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Tissue Distribution
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- H Khoja
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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Abstract
A general theory of the relationship of binocular visual space to physical space is formulated within a conjoint measurement framework. Psychophysically motivated invariance relations induce various functional equations. Another class of functional equations arises if we additionally assume the validity of a different psychophysical theory that is based on a formula suggested by A. A. Blank. We solve and interpret most of these equations and point out an unsolved problem. The obtained results lead to a measurement-theoretic foundation of the psychophysical assumptions underlying the Luneburg theory of binocular vision. They also contribute to clarifying the relationship between the presented general theory and Blank's approach. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
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Mitchell JBA, Ng CT, Forand L, Janssen R, McGowan JW. Total cross sections for the dissociative recombination of H3+, HD2+and D3+. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/17/24/013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Giavedoni LD, Jones L, Gardner MB, Gibson HL, Ng CT, Barr PJ, Yilma T. Vaccinia virus recombinants expressing chimeric proteins of human immunodeficiency virus and gamma interferon are attenuated for nude mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992; 89:3409-13. [PMID: 1565633 PMCID: PMC48877 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.8.3409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a method for attenuating vaccinia virus recombinants by expressing a fusion protein of a lymphokine and an immunogen. Chimeric genes were constructed that coded for gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and structural proteins of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In this study, we describe the biological and immunological properties of vaccinia virus recombinants expressing chimeric genes of murine or human IFN-gamma with glycoprotein gp120, gag, and a fragment of gp41. All fusion proteins retained the antigenic characteristics of both IFN-gamma and HIV as shown by immunoblot analysis. However, the antiviral activity of IFN-gamma could be demonstrated only for the IFN-gamma-gag fusion protein. In contrast, the attenuating activity of IFN-gamma for nude mice was retained by all of the recombinants, albeit at various rates. Unlike the antiviral activity, the attenuating activity of IFN-gamma was not species specific. Implications for the development of attenuated live recombinant vaccines for AIDS are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Giavedoni
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis 95616
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Abstract
The anabolic and androgenic activities of the formate to undecanoate esters of nandrolone and formate to valerate esters of androstanolone, after intramuscular injection, have been determined in rat. The response to a given dose was measured as cumulative weight (the area under the plot of weight of indicator organ against time). Levator anus muscle was used to assess anabolic activity, and the sum of the cumulative weight for prostate and seminal vesicles for androgenic activity. Log dose-log cumulative weights plots were parallel, and biological activities were expressed as the cumulative weight corresponding to a 2 muM dose, calculated from the regression lines. Anabolic-androgenic ratios for both series were calculated and were found to be minimum in the region of the propionate and butyrate. The anabolic-androgenic ratios of the nandrolone esters continued to increase after the minimum, as the series ascended. This method is believed to give a reliable assessment of anabolic and androgenic activities of steroid esters.
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Abstract
The solubility parameters of a range of saturated hydrocarbons were calculated from vapor pressures and heats of vaporization. Solubilities of testosterone propionate were determined in these solvents at 25 degrees and yielded solute solubility parameters which varied from solvent to solvent. The solubility parameter of testosterone propionate was determined by several other methods, and support was found for the previously published figure of 9.5 cal(1/2) cm(-3/2). The geometric mean coefficient (l(12)) in saturated hydrocarbons was found to be a rectilinear function of the branching ratio (r). The mean l(12) of androstanolone and testosterone propionates was used to calculate the solubilities of other esters, giving good agreement with experimental results. IR data, presented as the sum of the shifts of the 3-keto and 17-ester carbonyl stretching frequencies in polar solvents, correlated rectilinearly with the geometric mean coefficients and the plot extrapolated to the l(12) value of n-hexane, calculated from the branching ratio plot. Attempts to predict solubilities of other esters in polar solvents using l(12) values achieved only limited success.
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James KC, Ng CT. A method of interpreting time-response curves. J Pharm Pharmacol 1973; 25:Suppl:52P-56P. [PMID: 4150592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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