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Santamaria CA, Griffiths CL. Cryptic diversity and phylogeographic patterns of Deto echinata (Isopoda: Detonidae) in southern Africa. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16529. [PMID: 38077409 PMCID: PMC10702337 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent phylogeographic studies of poorly-dispersing coastal invertebrates in highly biodiverse regions have led to the discovery of high levels of cryptic diversity and complex phylogeographic patterns that suggest isolation, geological, and ecological processes have shaped their biodiversity. Studies of southern African coastal invertebrates have uncovered cryptic diversity for various taxa and phylogeographic patterns that, although sharing some similarities across taxa, do differ. These findings underscore the need for additional studies to better understand the biodiversity levels, distributional patterns, and processes responsible for producing coastal biodiversity in that region. The coastal isopod Deto echinata is of particular interest, as its complex taxonomic history, poor dispersal capabilities, and broad geographic distribution suggest the potential for cryptic diversity. We use mitochondrial and nuclear sequences to characterize D. echinata individuals from localities ranging from northern Namibia to Glentana, about 2,500 km along the coastline on the south coast of South Africa. These are used to assess whether D. echinata harbors cryptic genetic diversity and whether phylogeographic distributional patterns correlate with those previously documented for other coastal isopods in the region. Analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear sequences revealed two deeply-divergent lineages that exhibit a distributional break in the Cape Peninsula region. These findings suggest D. echinata is a cryptic species complex in need of taxonomic revision and highlight the need for further taxonomic and phylogeographic studies of similarly poorly-dispersing coastal invertebrates in southern Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Santamaria
- Department of Biology, The University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Charles L. Griffiths
- Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
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2
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Botha TPA, Griffiths CL. South African Acrothoracica (Crustacea: Cirripedia). Zootaxa 2021; 4949:zootaxa.4949.1.3. [PMID: 33756994 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4949.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Prior to this review, only three publications, all species descriptions published over 50 years ago, had focussed on South African acrothoracicans. We collected samples from three of South Africa's major marine ecoregions (Benguela, Agulhas and Natal) and used these to produce a revised account of the known regional fauna. This includes a key to known South African acrothoracicans and a systematic account of the species, each description being accompanied by scanning electron and light microscopy images. The number of known South African acrothoracicans is increased from four to eight species, with three new distribution records and two new species added to the fauna, while one existing record is determined to be a nomen nudum. Although this represents a doubling of the known regional acrothoracican fauna, much more remains to be explored, and further research in deeper waters and examination of other potential hosts (such as corals and hermit crabs) are likely to reveal many additional taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P A Botha
- Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa.
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3
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy G. Wright
- Marine Research Institute and Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
| | - Charles L. Griffiths
- Marine Research Institute and Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
| | - Thomas P. A. Botha
- Marine Research Institute and Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
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4
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Landschoff J, Plessis AD, Griffiths CL. Erratum to: A micro X-ray computed tomography dataset of South African hermit crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Paguroidea) containing scans of two rare specimens and three recently described species. Gigascience 2019; 8:5381058. [PMID: 30937458 PMCID: PMC6443573 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giz032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jannes Landschoff
- Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Anton Du Plessis
- CT Scanner, Central Analytical Facility, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Charles L Griffiths
- Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
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Kajee M, Griffiths CL, Lamberth SJ. Long-term physico-chemical and faunal changes in a small, rural South African estuary. African Zoology 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2018.1552838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Kajee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Invasion Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - CL Griffiths
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Invasion Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - SJ Lamberth
- Fisheries Management, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, South Africa
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Landschoff J, Komai T, du Plessis A, Gouws G, Griffiths CL. MicroCT imaging applied to description of a new species of Pagurus Fabricius, 1775 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae), with selection of three-dimensional type data. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203107. [PMID: 30256803 PMCID: PMC6157836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A new species of hermit crab, Pagurus fraserorum n. sp. (family Paguridae) is described from rocky subtidal reefs off KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, and illustrated using both conventional drawings and colour photographs, and via three-dimensional (3D) X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT). Because of the limitation μCT has in detecting very fine and soft structures, a novel approach of manually drawing setation and spinulation onto the two-dimensional images of the 3D visualizations was used to illustrate the pereopods. In addition, an interactive figure and rotation movie clips in the supplement section complement the species description, and the 3D raw data of the 3D type data are downloadable from the Gigascience Database repository. The new species is the sixth species of Pagurus Fabricius, 1775 reported from South Africa and is closely allied to the Indo-Pacific P. boriaustraliensis Morgen, 1990 and P. pitagsaleei McLaughlin, 2002, from which it differs by its shorter ocular peduncles, by the armature of the carpus of the right cheliped, and also in colouration. This study presents the first description of a hermit crab in which a majority of taxonomic details are illustrated through 3D volume-rendered illustrations. In addition, colour photographs and COI molecular barcodes are provided, and the latter compared to COI sequences of specimens from Western Australia previously identified as P. boriaustraliensis and of specimens of P. pitagsaleei from Taiwan, as well as to three additional South African members of the genus. The South African taxon was confirmed to be genetically distinct from all species tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannes Landschoff
- Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Tomoyuki Komai
- Natural History Museum and Institute, Aoba-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Anton du Plessis
- CT Scanner, Central Analytical Facility, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Gavin Gouws
- National Research Foundation–South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Charles L. Griffiths
- Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Western Cape, South Africa
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Kock AA, Photopoulou T, Durbach I, Mauff K, Meÿer M, Kotze D, Griffiths CL, O’Riain MJ. Summer at the beach: spatio-temporal patterns of white shark occurrence along the inshore areas of False Bay, South Africa. Mov Ecol 2018; 6:7. [PMID: 29796280 PMCID: PMC5963061 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-018-0125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) habitat use in coastal areas adjacent to large cities, is an important step when formulating potential solutions to the conservation conflict that exists between humans and large predatory sharks. In this study, we present the findings of a 2.5-year study of white shark occurrence and movement patterns adjacent to the City of Cape Town in False Bay, South Africa, with a focus on spring and summer months. Fifty-one white sharks were monitored annually at three offshore and twelve inshore sites by VR2 acoustic receivers, over 975 days from 1 May 2005 to 31 December 2007. RESULTS Occurrence patterns at inshore sites during spring and summer were analysed using a generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) with a spatial term (longitude, latitude), time of day and year included as explanatory variables for site use. We found that sharks occurred more frequently at inshore sites along the northern and northwestern shores, compared to the rest of the bay, and they transitioned most frequently between four adjacent beach sites that encompass the most popular recreational water use areas in Cape Town. There was significant diel variation, with higher shark occurrence around midday, and a peak in shark occurrence in 2005, when human-shark interactions also peaked. However, we found no effect of shark size on occurrence patterns at inshore sites. CONCLUSIONS White sharks showed the highest levels of occurrence at specific inshore sites between Muizenberg and Strandfontein beach, and thus inclusion of these sites within False Bay's marine protected area (MPA) network or recognition as Ecological or Biological Significant Areas (EBSAs) should be a future consideration. These insights into white shark habitat use at inshore sites in False Bay are important for successfully applying the principles of marine spatial planning (MSP) and for making science-based policy decisions. Furthermore, this information can be used to reduce potential shark-human conflict by incorporating it into future shark safety education campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison A. Kock
- South African National Parks, Cape Research Centre, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, 6140 South Africa
- Shark Spotters, P. O. Box 22581, Fish Hoek, 7974 South Africa
- Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701 South Africa
| | - Theoni Photopoulou
- Department of Zoology, Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, 6031 South Africa
- Centre for Statistics in Ecology, Environment and Conservation, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701 South Africa
| | - Ian Durbach
- Centre for Statistics in Ecology, Environment and Conservation, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701 South Africa
- African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa
| | - Katya Mauff
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701 South Africa
| | - Michael Meÿer
- Department of Environmental Affairs, Oceans and Coasts Branch, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa
| | - Deon Kotze
- Department of Environmental Affairs, Oceans and Coasts Branch, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa
| | - Charles L. Griffiths
- Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701 South Africa
| | - M. Justin O’Riain
- Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701 South Africa
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Greenan TM, Griffiths CL, Santamaria CA. Molecular approaches uncover cryptic diversity in intertidal Ligia isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Ligiidae) across the southern Africa coastline. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4658. [PMID: 29686947 PMCID: PMC5911383 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent phylogeographic studies along the coastline of southern Africa have uncovered cryptic diversity in several coastal invertebrates, including direct developing crustaceans in the superorder Peracarida. These findings indicating the possible existence of additional cryptic diversity in other yet to be studied peracarids, particularly those known to harbor said cryptic diversity in other regions of the world. Isopods in the genus Ligia are one such taxon. They inhabit patchy rocky beaches, are direct developers, avoid the open water, and exhibit other biological traits that severely constrain their dispersal potential (e.g., poor desiccation resistance). These traits are thought to have led to long-term isolation of populations, and allopatric diversification in Ligia species around the world; however, Ligia species in southern Africa, where three endemic Ligia species of uncertain validity are known to exist, remain unstudied to date. In this study, we used mitochondrial and nuclear markers to characterize Ligia collected in 18 localities from Namibia to the KwaZulu-Natal region of South Africa. We report the presence of cryptic lineages within Ligia species in the region that suggest the need for taxonomic reevaluation of these isopod species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M Greenan
- Biology Program, College of Science and Mathematics, University of South Florida Sarasota-Manatee, Sarasota, FL, United States of America
| | - Charles L Griffiths
- Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Carlos A Santamaria
- Biology Program, College of Science and Mathematics, University of South Florida Sarasota-Manatee, Sarasota, FL, United States of America.,Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, United States of America
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Landschoff J, Du Plessis A, Griffiths CL. A micro X-ray computed tomography dataset of South African hermit crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Paguroidea) containing scans of two rare specimens and three recently described species. Gigascience 2018; 7:1-7. [PMID: 29635298 PMCID: PMC5890486 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giy022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Along with the conventional deposition of physical types at natural history museums, the deposition of 3-dimensional (3D) image data has been proposed for rare and valuable museum specimens, such as irreplaceable type material. Findings Micro computed tomography (μCT) scan data of 5 hermit crab species from South Africa, including rare specimens and type material, depicted main identification characteristics of calcified body parts. However, low-image contrasts, especially in larger (>50 mm total length) specimens, did not allow sufficient 3D reconstructions of weakly calcified and fine characteristics, such as soft tissue of the pleon, mouthparts, gills, and setation. Reconstructions of soft tissue were sometimes possible, depending on individual sample and scanning characteristics. The raw data of seven scans are publicly available for download from the GigaDB repository. Conclusions Calcified body parts visualized from μCT data can aid taxonomic validation and provide additional, virtual deposition of rare specimens. The use of a nondestructive, nonstaining μCT approach for taxonomy, reconstructions of soft tissue structures, microscopic spines, and setae depend on species characteristics. Constrained to these limitations, the presented dataset can be used for future morphological studies. However, our virtual specimens will be most valuable to taxonomists who can download a digital avatar for 3D examination. Simultaneously, in the event of physical damage to or loss of the original physical specimen, this dataset serves as a vital insurance policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannes Landschoff
- Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Anton Du Plessis
- CT Scanner, Central Analytical Facility, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Charles L Griffiths
- Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
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10
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Novoa A, Shackleton R, Canavan S, Cybèle C, Davies SJ, Dehnen-Schmutz K, Fried J, Gaertner M, Geerts S, Griffiths CL, Kaplan H, Kumschick S, Le Maitre DC, Measey GJ, Nunes AL, Richardson DM, Robinson TB, Touza J, Wilson JRU. A framework for engaging stakeholders on the management of alien species. J Environ Manage 2018; 205:286-297. [PMID: 29024897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Alien species can have major ecological and socioeconomic impacts in their novel ranges and so effective management actions are needed. However, management can be contentious and create conflicts, especially when stakeholders who benefit from alien species are different from those who incur costs. Such conflicts of interests mean that management strategies can often not be implemented. There is, therefore, increasing interest in engaging stakeholders affected by alien species or by their management. Through a facilitated workshop and consultation process including academics and managers working on a variety of organisms and in different areas (urban and rural) and ecosystems (terrestrial and aquatic), we developed a framework for engaging stakeholders in the management of alien species. The proposed framework for stakeholder engagement consists of 12 steps: (1) identify stakeholders; (2) select key stakeholders for engagement; (3) explore key stakeholders' perceptions and develop initial aims for management; (4) engage key stakeholders in the development of a draft management strategy; (5) re-explore key stakeholders' perceptions and revise the aims of the strategy; (6) co-design general aims, management objectives and time frames with key stakeholders; (7) co-design a management strategy; (8) facilitate stakeholders' ownership of the strategy and adapt as required; and (9) implement the strategy and monitor management actions to evaluate the need for additional or future actions. In case additional management is needed after these actions take place, some extra steps should be taken: (10) identify any new stakeholders, benefits, and costs; (11) monitor engagement; and (12) revise management strategy. Overall, we believe that our framework provides an effective approach to minimize the impact of conflicts created by alien species management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Novoa
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa; South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Claremont, South Africa; Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic.
| | - Ross Shackleton
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Susan Canavan
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa; South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Claremont, South Africa
| | - Cathleen Cybèle
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France; Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, F-97410, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Sarah J Davies
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Katharina Dehnen-Schmutz
- Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience, Coventry University, Ryton Gardens, Wolston Lane, Coventry, CV8 3LG, UK
| | - Jana Fried
- Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience, Coventry University, Ryton Gardens, Wolston Lane, Coventry, CV8 3LG, UK
| | - Mirijam Gaertner
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa; Nürtingen-Geislingen University of Applied Sciences (HFWU), Nürtingen, Germany
| | - Sjirk Geerts
- Department Conservation and Marine Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Charles L Griffiths
- Marine Research (MA-RE) Institute, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Haylee Kaplan
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Claremont, South Africa
| | - Sabrina Kumschick
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa; South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Claremont, South Africa
| | - David C Le Maitre
- Council for Industrial and Scientific Research, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
| | - G John Measey
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Ana L Nunes
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa; South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Claremont, South Africa; South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - David M Richardson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Tamara B Robinson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Julia Touza
- Environment Department, Wentworth Way, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5NG, UK
| | - John R U Wilson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa; South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Claremont, South Africa
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Wittmann KJ, Griffiths CL. Three new species of Heteromysis (Mysida, Mysidae, Heteromysini) from the Cape Peninsula, South Africa, with first documentation of a mysid-cephalopod association. Zookeys 2017:15-47. [PMID: 29089836 PMCID: PMC5646659 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.685.13890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Faunistic studies in sublittoral and littoral marine habitats on the Cape Peninsula, South Africa, have yielded three new species belonging to the genus Heteromysis, subgenusHeteromysis: H.cancellisp. n. associated with the diogenid hermit crab Cancellusmacrothrix Stebbing, 1924, and H.fosterisp. n. extracted from ‘empty’ urchin and gastropod shells. The first documented mysid-cephalopod association is reported for H.octopodissp. n. which was found in dens occupied by Octopusvulgaris Cuvier, 1797, but was also captured from tide pools. The three new species differ from previously known E. Atlantic species, among other characters, by a single spine on the endopods of uropods in combination with large cornea and absence of median sternal processes on thoracic somites. They are also characterized by a white stripe along the dorso-lateral terminal margin of the eyestalks in living specimens. The new species appear quite similar to each other, but are distinguished by different depths of the telson cleft, different distributions of spines on the lateral margins of the telson, different numbers of segments on thoracic endopod 4, and by differently modified setae on the carpus of the third thoracic endopod, as well as on the carpopropodus of the fourth endopod. An updated key to the species of Heteromysis known from the E. Atlantic is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl J Wittmann
- Abteilung für Umwelthygiene, Zentrum für Public Health, Medizinische Universität Wien, Kinderspitalgasse 10, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Charles L Griffiths
- Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, Republic of South Africa
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Griffiths CL. A Guide to, and Checklist for, the Decapoda of Namibia, South Africa and Mozambique. African Zoology 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2017.1294504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles L Griffiths
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Miranda LS, Branch GM, Collins AG, Hirano YM, Marques AC, Griffiths CL. Stalked jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Staurozoa) of South Africa, with the description of <i>Calvadosia</i> <i>lewisi</i> sp. nov. Zootaxa 2017; 4227:zootaxa.4227.3.5. [PMID: 28187575 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4227.3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Stalked jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Staurozoa) are cryptic, benthic animals, known mainly from polar and temperate waters of the Northern Hemisphere. We describe a new species, Calvadosia lewisi, from South Africa and review the staurozoan fauna of the region. Three other species are previously known from South Africa: Calvadosia capensis (Carlgren, 1938); Depastromorpha africana Carlgren, 1935; and Lipkea stephensoni Carlgren, 1933, but all of these are known from very few records and have been poorly illustrated and documented to date. We provide brief descriptions and photographic illustrations for each species and a list of local and global geographical records. Two (L. stephensoni and C. lewisi), but possibly three (D. africana), of the four known South African staurozoan species are endemic from South Africa. The new species, images, and extra distributional records presented here greatly improve knowledge of the staurozoan fauna in South Africa and, consequently, of the Southern Hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucília S Miranda
- Zoology Department, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil..
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Diemer N, Griffiths CL, Hodgson A. Disentangling the identities and distribution patterns of the introduced beachfleasOrchestia gammarellusandPlatorchestia platensis(Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae) in South Africa. African Zoology 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2016.1268930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Diemer
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Invasion Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charles L Griffiths
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Invasion Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alan Hodgson
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiden Biccard
- Centre for Invasion Biology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charles L Griffiths
- Centre for Invasion Biology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Abstract
Abstract Numerous authors have cited numbers, or proportions, of endemic species within South(ern) African marine taxa, but comparisons between these statistics are confounded by differing definitions of regional boundaries and differences among data sets analysed. These have resulted in considerable variations in published endemicity data, even within the same taxonomic group. We tabulated and compared key endemicity statistics for regional marine taxa and explained biases in the data sets. The most comprehensive data sets available give overall marine endemicity within the national boundaries of South Africa as 28–33%, but estimates within individual taxa making up these totals vary enormously, from 0% (Aves, Mammalia) to over 90% (Polyplacophora). We also examined published data documenting localised endemicity patterns around the coastline. These consistently show the highest numbers of endemics occurring along the South Coast. There are logical biogeographical reasons to expect this trend, but endemicity rates are also inherently biased by distance from defined political boundaries and by differing sampling effort locally and in neighbouring countries. Range restriction is considered a better measure of conservation status than endemicity, although it is far less often used and yields very different patterns. Properly and consistently calculated measures of national endemicity do, however, retain significant conservation value, and the rates for South Africa marine biota are high relative to other regions globally, being exceeded only by New Zealand and Antarctica. It is important that when citing endemicity statistics, researchers and conservation managers understand the definitions used and the many constraints under which these measures are derived.
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Acuña FH, Griffiths CL. Species richness, endemicity and distribution patterns of South African sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria & Corallimorpharia). African Zoology 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2004.11657216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Landschoff J, Du Plessis A, Griffiths CL. A dataset describing brooding in three species of South African brittle stars, comprising seven high-resolution, micro X-ray computed tomography scans. Gigascience 2015; 4:52. [PMID: 26579220 PMCID: PMC4647331 DOI: 10.1186/s13742-015-0093-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brooding brittle stars have a special mode of reproduction whereby they retain their eggs and juveniles inside respiratory body sacs called bursae. In the past, studying this phenomenon required disturbance of the sample by dissecting the adult. This caused irreversible damage and made the sample unsuitable for future studies. Micro X-ray computed tomography (μCT) is a promising technique, not only to visualise juveniles inside the bursae, but also to keep the sample intact and make the dataset of the scan available for future reference. Findings Seven μCT scans of five freshly fixed (70 % ethanol) individuals, representing three differently sized brittle star species, provided adequate image quality to determine the numbers, sizes and postures of internally brooded young, as well as anatomy and morphology of adults. No staining agents were necessary to achieve high-resolution, high-contrast images, which permitted visualisations of both calcified and soft tissue. The raw data (projection and reconstruction images) are publicly available for download from GigaDB. Conclusions Brittle stars of all sizes are suitable candidates for μCT imaging. This explicitly adds a new technique to the suite of tools available for studying the development of internally brooded young. The purpose of applying the technique was to visualise juveniles inside the adult, but because of the universally good quality of the dataset, the images can also be used for anatomical or comparative morphology-related studies of adult structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannes Landschoff
- Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Anton Du Plessis
- CT Scanner, Central Analytical Facility, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Charles L Griffiths
- Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
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Payne RP, Griffiths CL, von der Heyden S, Koch E. The cushion-star Parvulastra exigua in South Africa: one species or more? Zookeys 2015:1-16. [PMID: 26478703 PMCID: PMC4602288 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.524.6145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cushion–star Parvulastraexigua (Lamarck, 1816) is a widely distributed member of the temperate intertidal fauna in the southern hemisphere. In South Africa, it occurs in sympatry with the endemic Parvulastradyscrita (Clark, 1923), the two species being differentiated predominantly by gonopore placement. Several recent studies have suggested that there may be additional cryptic species within the Parvulastraexigua complex in South Africa, based variously on color morphology, genetic evidence and the differential placement of the gonopores. This paper attempts to resolve whether one or more species are represented within Parvulastraexigua. A total of 346 Parvulastraexigua and 8 Parvulastradyscrita were collected from sites on the west and south–west coasts of South Africa; morphological, anatomical and genetic analyses were performed to determine whether cryptic species and/or Parvulastraexigua specimens with aboral gonopores were present. Results show that neither cryptic species nor Parvulastraexigua specimens with aboral gonopores occur at these sites. This study thus refutes previous claims of the existence of aboral gonopores in South African Parvulastraexigua, and suggests that a single species is represented. The distinction between Parvulastraexigua and Parvulastradyscrita is also confirmed, and features separating these two species are clarified and documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn P Payne
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa ; Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa ; Present address: Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Charles L Griffiths
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa ; Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sophie von der Heyden
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Erich Koch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa ; Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa
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Griffiths CL, Robinson TB, Lange L, Mead A. Marine biodiversity in South Africa: an evaluation of current states of knowledge. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12008. [PMID: 20689849 PMCID: PMC2914023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Continental South Africa has a coastline of some 3,650 km and an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of just over 1 million km2. Waters in the EEZ extend to a depth of 5,700 m, with more than 65% deeper than 2,000 m. Despite its status as a developing nation, South Africa has a relatively strong history of marine taxonomic research and maintains comprehensive and well-curated museum collections totaling over 291,000 records. Over 3 million locality records from more than 23,000 species have been lodged in the regional AfrOBIS (African Ocean Biogeographic Information System) data center (which stores data from a wider African region). A large number of regional guides to the marine fauna and flora are also available and are listed. The currently recorded marine biota of South Africa numbers at least 12,914 species, although many taxa, particularly those of small body size, remain poorly documented. The coastal zone is relatively well sampled with some 2,500 samples of benthic invertebrate communities have been taken by grab, dredge, or trawl. Almost none of these samples, however, were collected after 1980, and over 99% of existing samples are from depths shallower than 1,000 m—indeed 83% are from less than 100 m. The abyssal zone thus remains almost completely unexplored. South Africa has a fairly large industrial fishing industry, of which the largest fisheries are the pelagic (pilchard and anchovy) and demersal (hake) sectors, both focused on the west and south coasts. The east coast has fewer, smaller commercial fisheries, but a high coastal population density, resulting in intense exploitation of inshore resources by recreational and subsistence fishers, and this has resulted in the overexploitation of many coastal fish and invertebrate stocks. South Africa has a small aquaculture industry rearing mussels, oysters, prawns, and abalone—the latter two in land-based facilities. Compared with many other developing countries, South Africa has a well-conserved coastline, 23% of which is under formal protection, however deeper waters are almost entirely excluded from conservation areas. Marine pollution is confined mainly to the densely populated KwaZulu-Natal coast and the urban centers of Cape Town and Port Elizabeth. Over 120 introduced or cryptogenic marine species have been recorded, but most of these are confined to the few harbors and sheltered sites along the coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L Griffiths
- Zoology Department, Marine Biology Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa.
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23
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Abstract
Continental South Africa has a coastline of some 3,650 km and an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of just over 1 million km(2). Waters in the EEZ extend to a depth of 5,700 m, with more than 65% deeper than 2,000 m. Despite its status as a developing nation, South Africa has a relatively strong history of marine taxonomic research and maintains comprehensive and well-curated museum collections totaling over 291,000 records. Over 3 million locality records from more than 23,000 species have been lodged in the regional AfrOBIS (African Ocean Biogeographic Information System) data center (which stores data from a wider African region). A large number of regional guides to the marine fauna and flora are also available and are listed. The currently recorded marine biota of South Africa numbers at least 12,914 species, although many taxa, particularly those of small body size, remain poorly documented. The coastal zone is relatively well sampled with some 2,500 samples of benthic invertebrate communities have been taken by grab, dredge, or trawl. Almost none of these samples, however, were collected after 1980, and over 99% of existing samples are from depths shallower than 1,000 m--indeed 83% are from less than 100 m. The abyssal zone thus remains almost completely unexplored. South Africa has a fairly large industrial fishing industry, of which the largest fisheries are the pelagic (pilchard and anchovy) and demersal (hake) sectors, both focused on the west and south coasts. The east coast has fewer, smaller commercial fisheries, but a high coastal population density, resulting in intense exploitation of inshore resources by recreational and subsistence fishers, and this has resulted in the overexploitation of many coastal fish and invertebrate stocks. South Africa has a small aquaculture industry rearing mussels, oysters, prawns, and abalone-the latter two in land-based facilities. Compared with many other developing countries, South Africa has a well-conserved coastline, 23% of which is under formal protection, however deeper waters are almost entirely excluded from conservation areas. Marine pollution is confined mainly to the densely populated KwaZulu-Natal coast and the urban centers of Cape Town and Port Elizabeth. Over 120 introduced or cryptogenic marine species have been recorded, but most of these are confined to the few harbors and sheltered sites along the coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L Griffiths
- Zoology Department, Marine Biology Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa.
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Teske PR, McLay CL, Sandoval-Castillo J, Papadopoulos I, Newman BK, Griffiths CL, McQuaid CD, Barker NP, Borgonie G, Beheregaray LB. Tri-locus sequence data reject a "Gondwanan origin hypothesis" for the African/South Pacific crab genus Hymenosoma. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2009; 53:23-33. [PMID: 19501181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2008] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Crabs of the family Hymenosomatidae are common in coastal and shelf regions throughout much of the southern hemisphere. One of the genera in the family, Hymenosoma, is represented in Africa and the South Pacific (Australia and New Zealand). This distribution can be explained either by vicariance (presence of the genus on the Gondwanan supercontinent and divergence following its break-up) or more recent transoceanic dispersal from one region to the other. We tested these hypotheses by reconstructing phylogenetic relationships among the seven presently-accepted species in the genus, as well as examining their placement among other hymenosomatid crabs, using sequence data from two nuclear markers (Adenine Nucleotide Transporter [ANT] exon 2 and 18S rDNA) and three mitochondrial markers (COI, 12S and 16S rDNA). The five southern African representatives of the genus were recovered as a monophyletic lineage, and another southern African species, Neorhynchoplax bovis, was identified as their sister taxon. The two species of Hymenosoma from the South Pacific neither clustered with their African congeners, nor with each other, and should therefore both be placed into different genera. Molecular dating supports a post-Gondwanan origin of the Hymenosomatidae. While long-distance dispersal cannot be ruled out to explain the presence of the family Hymenosomatidae on the former Gondwanan land-masses and beyond, the evolutionary history of the African species of Hymenosoma indicates that a third means of speciation may be important in this group: gradual along-coast dispersal from tropical towards temperate regions, with range expansions into formerly inhospitable habitat during warm climatic phases, followed by adaptation and speciation during subsequent cooler phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Teske
- Molecular Ecology Lab., Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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Odendaal LJ, Haupt TM, Griffiths CL. The alien invasive land snail Theba pisana in the West Coast National Park: Is there cause for concern? Koedoe 2008. [DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v50i1.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The distribution, abundance, size distribution and diurnal activity patterns of invasive land snails, Theba pisana, in the West Coast National Park (WCNP), South Africa, were investigated. The park was divided into 1 km2 grids, within each of which five 1 m2 quadrat counts of live snails were recorded. Of 106 grids sampled, 19% contained live snails. The average density of snails was 4.04 m-2 ± 24.9, significantly lower than in disturbed habitats adjacent to the park (57 m-2 ± 96.25), but very high densities were recorded at two sites. Snails were most abundant along roadsides and densities decreased dramatically with distance from roads. T. pisana in the WCNP appear to have an annual lifecycle, breeding in autumn to winter and growing to adult size of about 14 mm diameter by the end of the following summer. Snails were observed on a wide variety of endemic and introduced plant species and appeared to have a catholic diet. They are active mostly at night and especially during periods of high humidity, irrespective of temperature. Given the very high densities that T. pisana can attain at some sites, plus their apparently catholic feeding habits, their potential impact on the vegetation of the park is cause for concern and should be further investigated. Control of the main colonies should also be considered.
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Sugden EM, Griffiths CL, Greywoode GI, Lewis SM. Acute abdomen during adjuvant chemotherapy: superior mesenteric artery thrombosis associated with CMF chemotherapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2002; 13:441-3. [PMID: 11824882 DOI: 10.1053/clon.2001.9309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of superior mesenteric artery thrombosis in a 57-year-old woman undergoing chemotherapy for T1N1M0, breast cancer. Although cancer itself is associated with an increased risk of thrombotic events, treatment with chemotherapy and/or tamoxifen in breast cancer patients increases this risk. Most cases reported are of venous thromboembolism; arterial events are rare.
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Awad AA, Griffiths CL, Turpie JK. Distribution of South African marine benthic invertebrates applied to the selection of priority conservation areas. DIVERS DISTRIB 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1472-4642.2002.00132.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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28
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Acheson AG, Yousaf M, Griffiths CL, Taylor OM. Diagnostic dilemma of hyperamylasaemia in acute abdominal emergencies. Ulster Med J 2000; 69:63-4. [PMID: 10881649 PMCID: PMC2449170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A G Acheson
- Department of Surgery, Kettering General Hospital NHS Trust, Northamptonshire
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Crate ID, Griffiths CL. Surgical audit: do numbers provide good training? J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 1996; 142:63-5. [PMID: 8819034 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-142-02-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
There has been a growing realisation that good resource planning requires effective measurement of surgical workload by good surgical audit. This paper examines the general surgical workload at the Army's tertiary referral centre, utilising the ratio of operative workload expressed as Intermediate Equivalents to total Service Equivalent Value of a Surgical team. A suggested format to enable inclusion of specialist non-surgical therapies is proposed. The limitations of "number crunching" when assessing the value of higher surgical training are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I D Crate
- Queen Elizabeth Military Hospital, Woolwich, London
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Banfield GK, Crate ID, Griffiths CL. Long-term sequelae of Palmar-Plantar erythrodysaesthesia syndrome secondary to 5-fluorouracil therapy. J R Soc Med 1995; 88:356P-357P. [PMID: 7629773 PMCID: PMC1295248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Palmar-Plantar erythrodyasesthesia syndrome has been reported as a temporary complication of 5-fluorouracil therapy consisting of a debilitating erythema and tenderness of the skin of hands and feet. The syndrome has previously been observed to respond rapidly to either temporary cessation of chemotherapy or pyridoxine with little residual disability. We report a case which was characterized by persistent morbidity necessitating prolonged discontinuation of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Banfield
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Military Hospital, Woolwich, London, UK
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Hepburn NC, Winfield CR, Griffiths CL. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 1991; 137:44-6. [PMID: 2023169 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-137-01-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is an uncommon cause of abdominal pain which may mimic other causes of acute abdominal pain and result in unnecessary laparotomy. In many cases clues to the diagnosis are available prior to surgery; however a high index of suspicion must be maintained if the condition is to be identified at presentation. Two cases are described followed by a review of the disease entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Hepburn
- Cambridge Military Hospital, Aldershot, Hants
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Abstract
The increasing popularity of bilateral vasectomy as a method of contraception has resulted in an increased request for reversal (vasovasostomy). The technique is described and the results presented. The implications of these results to the Serviceman in particular and the current advice regarding vasectomy counselling is discussed.
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Griffiths CL. Pseudocyst of the pancreas in childhood. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 1985; 131:70-1. [PMID: 4045804 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-131-02-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cysts are uncommon in childhood. Over half of those reported are caused by trauma. A case report is presented and the management of this patient discussed with reference to information from previous reports.
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