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Kulkarni KS, Joshi MN, Sathe HS, Maliye C. Awareness and attitude about mental illness in the rural population of India: A mixed method study. Indian J Psychiatry 2023; 65:1069-1077. [PMID: 38108054 PMCID: PMC10725215 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_439_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Recent systematic review and meta-analysis of public attitudes have shown that despite improvements in mental health literacy, public attitudes and desire for social distance with mental illnesses have remained stable over time. Aims To assess the awareness and attitude of the rural community towards mental disorders using the CAMI scale. Materials and Methods This mixed method study was conducted under the ICMR-STS grant scheme after IEC approval. It included administration of a pre-tested questionnaire adapted from CAMI scale on 196 adults aged 18-60 years from an adopted village in the field practice area of medical college along with 8 in-depth interviews of key people in the same community. Thematic analysis was done for the qualitative part whereas for the quantitative part, Pearson's correlation coefficient, independent t-test, ANOVA and Kruskall-wallis test were used. Results Age was positively correlated with the attitude of authoritarianism, social restrictiveness, CMHI and showed a negative correlation with attitude of benevolence. Females showed higher scores for authoritarianism and social restrictiveness. There was a statistically significant difference between APL and BPL groups for authoritarianism attitude towards the mentally ill (P value = 0.02) and CMHI (P value = 0.033). It was observed that with increase in the education levels there was a rise in the mean score of the values for the attitude of benevolence but the difference wasn't statistically significant (P > 0.05). Thematic analysis of the key informant interviews suggested various perceptions of the community regarding mental illness, available options for management, current practices of the community and what can be done further to improve facilities for mental health. Conclusions People in the community have a varied perspective to mental illnesses which has changed for the better over time but community still approaches quacks first which warrants the need for more awareness. For this, feasibility and effectiveness of increasing involvement of females from the community in health-related decisions can be explored further. We recommend further awareness generation in the younger generation with community-based research on perceptions of the community about mental health. This will provide more practical and feasible solutions to complement the national mental health program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mudita N. Joshi
- Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harshal S. Sathe
- Department of Psychiatry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chetna Maliye
- Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, Maharashtra, India
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Mundra A, Kalantri A, Jakasania A, Sathe H, Raut A, Maliye C, Bahulekar P, Dawale A, Paradkar RJ, Siriah S, Kumar S, Gupta SS, Garg B. Vitalizing Community for Health Promotion Against Modifiable Risk Factors of Noncommunicable Diseases (V-CaN) in Rural Central India: Protocol for a Hybrid Type II Implementation Effectiveness Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e42450. [PMID: 37773622 PMCID: PMC10576228 DOI: 10.2196/42450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low- and middle-income countries are facing the emerging burden of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Apart from loss of human lives and premature deaths, NCDs result in huge costs for treatment to individuals and the health system. Although NCDs develop in later life, the risk factors begin at an early age. The key to the control of the global epidemic of NCDs is primary prevention based on comprehensive community-based programs. OBJECTIVE This study aims to develop, implement, and evaluate the effect of a participatory health promotion initiative utilizing the existing mechanisms of Village Health Nutrition and Sanitation Committees (VHNSCs), women's self-help groups (SHGs), and schools on modifiable risk factors for NCDs among young people aged 10-30 years. METHODS The proposed type II hybrid effectiveness implementation cluster randomized field trial will be conducted in the catchment area of 4 primary health centers (PHCs) in Wardha district, India, comprising 100 villages with a population of 144,000. Each PHC will be randomly allocated to one of the 3 intervention arms or the control arm. The 3-intervention arm PHCs will utilize a unique strategy with either VHNSC or SHG members or school students as change agents for health action against common modifiable NCD risk factors. This study will be implemented in 3 phases from January 2022 to December 2024. First, the preparatory phase for baseline assessments includes anthropometry, behavioral and biochemical risk factors for NCDs, and participatory development of the health promotion intervention modules. Second, the implementation phase will focus on capacity building of the change agents and implementation of the participatory health promotion initiative. The implementation will include organization of community-based events, 6-monthly participatory assessment of change, and preparation of a sustainability and exit plan toward the end of this phase. Third, the evaluation phase will consist of studying the effectiveness of each intervention strategy in the reduction of risk factor prevalence at the population level. RESULTS We will assess 12,000 (3000 in each arm) randomly selected individuals for behavioral risk factors and 1600 (400 in each arm) individuals for biochemical risk factors during baseline as well as endline assessments. Difference in differences, ANOVA or multivariate analysis of covariance, and regression analysis will be performed to assess the effectiveness of the interventions. Qualitative methods such as focus group discussions and stories of change will be documented and analyzed using thematic framework analysis. The implementation outcomes will be reported using the PRISM (Practical Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model) RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) framework. The results are expected to be published by mid-2025. CONCLUSIONS This study will show the magnitude of risk factors for NCDs, its determinants, feasibility, effectiveness of community-based interventions, and health promotion models for NCD prevention. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials Registration India CTRI/2020/10/028700; https://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/showallp.php?mid1=47597&EncHid=&userName=V-CaN. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/42450.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Mundra
- Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Kasturba Health Society, Wardha, India
| | - Ashwini Kalantri
- Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Kasturba Health Society, Wardha, India
| | - Arjunkumar Jakasania
- Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Kasturba Health Society, Wardha, India
| | - Harshal Sathe
- Department of Psychiatry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
| | - Abhishek Raut
- Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Kasturba Health Society, Wardha, India
| | - Chetna Maliye
- Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Kasturba Health Society, Wardha, India
| | - Pramod Bahulekar
- Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Kasturba Health Society, Wardha, India
| | - Ajay Dawale
- District Health Office, Zilla Parishad, Nagpur, India
| | | | - Sakshi Siriah
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
| | - Satish Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
| | - Subodh S Gupta
- Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Kasturba Health Society, Wardha, India
| | - Bishan Garg
- Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Kasturba Health Society, Wardha, India
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Kishore S, Shah V, Bera OP, Venkatesh U, Kakkar R, Aggarwal P, Bhardwaj P, Singh CM, Maliye C, Garg S, Menon GR, Misra P, Kishore Verma S. Risk of secondhand smoke exposure and severity of COVID-19 infection: multicenter case-control study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1210102. [PMID: 37601179 PMCID: PMC10435989 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1210102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is an established causal risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic lung disease. Numerous studies have evaluated the role of tobacco in COVID-19 infection, severity, and mortality but missed the opportunity to assess the role of SHS. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine whether SHS is an independent risk factor for COVID-19 infection, severity, mortality, and other co-morbidities. Methodology Multicentric case-control study was conducted across six states in India. Severe COVID-19 patients were chosen as our study cases, and mild and moderate COVID-19 as control were evaluated for exposure to SHS. The sample size was calculated using Epi-info version 7. A neighborhood-matching technique was utilized to address ecological variability and enhance comparability between cases and controls, considering age and sex as additional matching criteria. The binary logistic regression model was used to measure the association, and the results were presented using an adjusted odds ratio. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results A total of 672 cases of severe COVID-19 and 681 controls of mild and moderate COVID-19 were recruited in this study. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for SHS exposure at home was 3.03 (CI 95%: 2.29-4.02) compared to mild/moderate COVID-19, while SHS exposure at the workplace had odds of 2.19 (CI 95%: 1.43-3.35). Other factors significantly related to the severity of COVID-19 were a history of COVID-19 vaccination before illness, body mass index (BMI), and attached kitchen at home. Discussion The results of this study suggest that cumulative exposure to secondhand cigarette smoke is an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19 illness. More studies with the use of biomarkers and quantification of SHS exposure in the future are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surekha Kishore
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vandana Shah
- Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, New Delhi, India
| | | | - U. Venkatesh
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Kakkar
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Pradeep Aggarwal
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pankaj Bhardwaj
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - C. M. Singh
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Chetna Maliye
- Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suneela Garg
- Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Geetha R. Menon
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Puneet Misra
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Sinha AP, Gupta SS, Poluru R, Raut AV, Arora NK, Pandey RM, Sahu AR, Bethou A, Sazawal S, Parida S, Bavdekar A, Saili A, Gaind R, Kapil A, Garg BS, Maliye C, Jain M, Mahajan KS, Dhingra P, Pradhan KC, Kawade AS, Nangia S, Mukherjee A, Rasaily R, Sharma RS. Evaluating the efficacy of a multistrain probiotic supplementation for prevention of neonatal sepsis in 0-2-month-old low birth weight infants in India-the "ProSPoNS" Study protocol for a phase III, multicentric, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:242. [PMID: 33794969 PMCID: PMC8017823 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05193-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Progress has been made in the reduction of under-five mortality in India; however, neonatal mortality is reducing at a slower rate. Efforts are required to bring down neonatal mortality in order to attain the Sustainable Development Goal-3. Prevention of sepsis among the high-risk, vulnerable low birth weight neonates by a newer intervention with probiotic supplementation is promising. Methods A phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study is being conducted at six sites in India. A total of 6144 healthy low birth weight (LBW) infants fulfilling the eligibility criteria would be enrolled within the first week of life, after obtaining written informed consent from the parents of the infant. Randomization in 1:1 ratio, stratified by site, sex, and birth weight, would be done through an interactive web response system (IWRS) using a standard web browser and email service. Vivomixx®, a probiotic containing a mix of 8 strains of bacteria, in a suspension form standardized to deliver 10 billion CFU/ml, or an organoleptically similar placebo would be fed to enrolled infants in a 1-ml/day dose for 30 days. The follow-up of enrolled infants for 60 days would take place as per a pre-specified schedule for recording morbidities and outcome assessments at the six participating sites. Screening for morbidities would be conducted by trained field workers in the community, and sick infants would be referred to designated clinics/hospitals. A physician would examine the referred infants presenting with complaints and clinical signs, and blood samples would be collected from sick infants for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis by performing sepsis screen and blood culture. Appropriate treatment would be provided as per hospital protocol. The study would be implemented as per the MRC guideline for the management of Global Health Trials in accordance with ICH-GCP and Indian Regulatory guidelines. A contract research organization would be engaged for comprehensive monitoring and quality assurance. The final analysis would be conducted in a blinded manner as per the statistical analysis plan (SAP) to estimate the primary outcomes of sepsis, possible serious bacterial infection (PSBI), and secondary outcomes. The codes will be broken after DMC permission. The protocol has been reviewed by the Research Ethics Committee of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (REC-LSTM), from Research Ethics Committees of the six subject recruitment participating sites. Discussion This adequately powered and well-designed trial would conclusively answer the question whether probiotics can prevent neonatal sepsis in the high-risk group of low birth weight infants as indicated by a pilot study in 1340 LBW infants, evidence from systematic reviews of hospital-based studies, and a primary study on healthy newborns in Orissa. Results of the study would be generalizable to India and other low–middle-income countries. Trial registration Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI) CTRI/2019/05/019197. Registered on 16 May 2019
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Pradhan Sinha
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Maternal & Child Health (RBM&CH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Headquarters, V Ramalingaswami Bhawan, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Subodh S Gupta
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr. Sushila Nayar School of Public Health, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (MGIMS), Sewagram, Wardha, Maharashtra, 442102, India
| | - Ramesh Poluru
- The International Clinical Epidemiology Network (INCLEN) Trust International, F-1/5, 2nd Floor, Okhla Industrial Area Phase - 1, New Delhi, Delhi, 110019, India
| | - Abhishek V Raut
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr. Sushila Nayar School of Public Health, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (MGIMS), Sewagram, Wardha, Maharashtra, 442102, India
| | - Narendra Kumar Arora
- The International Clinical Epidemiology Network (INCLEN) Trust International, F-1/5, 2nd Floor, Okhla Industrial Area Phase - 1, New Delhi, Delhi, 110019, India
| | - Ravindra Mohan Pandey
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Aditya Ranjan Sahu
- Next Gen Pharma India Pvt. Ltd., 331, Sector 15A, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India
| | - Adhisivam Bethou
- Department of Neonatology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Dhanvantri Nagar, Gorimedu, Puducherry, 605006, India
| | - Sunil Sazawal
- Centre for Public Health Kinetics (CPHK), 214 A, Vinoba Puri, Lajpat Nagar-II, New Delhi, Delhi, 110024, India
| | - Sailajanandan Parida
- Neonatal Health & Human Nutrition, Asian Institute of Public Health (AIPH), 8A, Unit-6, Ganga Nagar (Near Raj Bhawan), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751001, India
| | - Ashish Bavdekar
- Department of Pediatrics, KEM Hospital Research Centre, 489 Rasta Peth, Sardar Moodliar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411011, India
| | - Arvind Saili
- Department of Neonatology, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital (KSCH), Near Gole Market, Central Dist., New Delhi, Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Rajni Gaind
- Department of Microbiology, Vardhaman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital (VMMC & SJH), Ansari Nagar (W), New Delhi, Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Arti Kapil
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Bishan S Garg
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr. Sushila Nayar School of Public Health, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (MGIMS), Sewagram, Wardha, Maharashtra, 442102, India
| | - Chetna Maliye
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr. Sushila Nayar School of Public Health, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (MGIMS), Sewagram, Wardha, Maharashtra, 442102, India
| | - Manish Jain
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr. Sushila Nayar School of Public Health, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (MGIMS), Sewagram, Wardha, Maharashtra, 442102, India
| | - Kamlesh S Mahajan
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr. Sushila Nayar School of Public Health, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (MGIMS), Sewagram, Wardha, Maharashtra, 442102, India
| | - Pratibha Dhingra
- Centre for Public Health Kinetics (CPHK), 214 A, Vinoba Puri, Lajpat Nagar-II, New Delhi, Delhi, 110024, India
| | - Keshab C Pradhan
- Neonatal Health & Human Nutrition, Asian Institute of Public Health (AIPH), 8A, Unit-6, Ganga Nagar (Near Raj Bhawan), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751001, India
| | - Anand S Kawade
- Department of Pediatrics, KEM Hospital Research Centre, 489 Rasta Peth, Sardar Moodliar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411011, India
| | - Sushma Nangia
- Department of Neonatology, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital (KSCH), Near Gole Market, Central Dist., New Delhi, Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Ajit Mukherjee
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Maternal & Child Health (RBM&CH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Headquarters, V Ramalingaswami Bhawan, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Reeta Rasaily
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Maternal & Child Health (RBM&CH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Headquarters, V Ramalingaswami Bhawan, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Radhey Shyam Sharma
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Maternal & Child Health (RBM&CH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Headquarters, V Ramalingaswami Bhawan, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, Delhi, 110029, India
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Raut A, Mustafayev R, Srinivasan R, Chary A, Ertem I, Grazioso MDP, Gupta S, Krishnamurthy V, Lu C, Maliye C, Miller AC, Wagenaar BH, Rohloff P. Hybrid type 1 effectiveness/implementation trial of the international Guide for Monitoring Child Development: protocol for a cluster-randomised controlled trial. BMJ Paediatr Open 2021; 5:e001254. [PMID: 34604546 PMCID: PMC8444252 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION More than 40% of children under 5 years of age in low-income and middle-income countries are at risk of not reaching their developmental potential. The international Guide for Monitoring Child Development (GMCD) early intervention package is a comprehensive programme to address developmental difficulties using an individualised intervention plan for young children and their families. We will conduct a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation evaluation of the GMCD intervention in rural India and Guatemala. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Using a cluster-randomised design, 624 children aged 0-24 months in 52 clusters (26 in India, 26 in Guatemala) will be assigned to usual care or the GMCD intervention plus usual care delivered by frontline workers for 12 months. After 12 months, the usual care arm will cross over to the intervention, which will continue for 12 additional months (24 total). The intervention will be delivered using a digital mobile device interface. Effectiveness will be assessed for developmental functioning (Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 3rd edition) and nurturing care (Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment Scale) outcomes. Implementation will be assessed using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance framework. Explanatory qualitative analysis guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research will explore determinants between clusters with high versus low implementation effectiveness. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been approved by the Institutional Review Boards of Brigham and Women's Hospital, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences and Maya Health Alliance; and by the Indian Council of Medical Research/Health Ministry Screening Committee. Key study findings will be published in international open-access journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04665297, CTRI/2020/12/029748. PROTOCOL VERSION 1.0 (12 November 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Raut
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr. Sushila Nayar School of Public Health, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Maharashtra, India
| | - Revan Mustafayev
- Department of Pediatrics, Acibadem Maslak Private Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Anita Chary
- Center for Indigenous Health Research, Wuqu' Kawoq
- Maya Health Alliance, Tecpán, Chimaltenango, Guatemala
| | - Ilgi Ertem
- Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Subodh Gupta
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr. Sushila Nayar School of Public Health, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Chunling Lu
- Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chetna Maliye
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr. Sushila Nayar School of Public Health, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ann C Miller
- Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bradley H Wagenaar
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter Rohloff
- Center for Indigenous Health Research, Wuqu' Kawoq
- Maya Health Alliance, Tecpán, Chimaltenango, Guatemala.,Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Kawade A, Babji S, Kamath V, Raut A, Kumar CM, Kundu R, Venkatramanan P, Lalwani SK, Bavdekar A, Juvekar S, Dayma G, Patil R, Kulkarni M, Hegde A, Nayak D, Garg B, Gupta S, Jategaonkar S, Bedi N, Maliye C, Ganguly N, Uttam KG, Niyogi P, Palkar S, Hanumante N, Goyal N, Arya A, Aslam M, Parulekar V, Dharmadhikari A, Gaikwad D, Zade J, Desai S, Kang G, Kulkarni PS. Immunogenicity and lot-to-lot consistency of a ready to use liquid bovine-human reassortant pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (ROTASIIL - Liquid) in Indian infants. Vaccine 2019; 37:2554-2560. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jain J, Rawool A, Banait S, Maliye C. Clinical and endoscopic profile of the patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding in central rural India: A hospital-based cross-sectional study. J Mahatma Gandhi Inst Med Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/jmgims.jmgims_52_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Sinha A, Gupta SS, Chellani H, Maliye C, Kumari V, Arya S, Garg BS, Gaur SD, Gaind R, Deotale V, Taywade M, Prasad MS, Thavraj V, Mukherjee A, Roy M. Role of probiotics VSL#3 in prevention of suspected sepsis in low birthweight infants in India: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e006564. [PMID: 26163028 PMCID: PMC4499724 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of the probiotic VSL#3 in prevention of neonatal sepsis in low birthweight (LBW) infants. DESIGN Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING Community setting in rural India. PARTICIPANTS LBW infants aged 3-7 days. INTERVENTIONS Infants were randomised to receive probiotic (VSL#3, 10 billion colony-forming units (cfu)) or placebo for 30 days, and were followed up for 2 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Possible serious bacterial infection (PSBI) as per the Integrated Management of Neonatal Childhood Illnesses algorithm, as diagnosed by fieldworkers/physicians. RESULTS 668 infants were randomised to VSL#3 and 672 to placebo. By intention-to-treat analysis, the risk of PSBI among infants in the overall population of LBW infants was not statistically significant (RR 0.79 (95% CI 0.56 to 1.03)). Probiotics reduced median days of hospitalisation (6 days vs 3 days in probiotics) (p=0.018) but not the risk of hospitalisation (RR 0.66 (95% CI 0.42 to 1.04). The onset of PSBI in 10% of infants occurred on the 40th day in the probiotics arm versus the 25th day in the control arm (p=0.063). CONCLUSIONS Daily supplementation of LBW infants with probiotics VSL#3 (10 billion cfu) for 30 days led to a non-significant 21% reduction in risk of neonatal sepsis. A larger study with sufficient power and a more specific primary end point is warranted to confirm the preventive effect of VSL#3 on neonatal sepsis in LBW infants. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER The study is registered at the Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI/2008/091/000049).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Sinha
- Department of Reproductive and Child Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Subodh S Gupta
- Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Chetna Maliye
- Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | - BS Garg
- Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Rajni Gaind
- Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Vijayshri Deotale
- Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manish Taywade
- Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, Maharashtra, India
| | - MS Prasad
- Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Vasantha Thavraj
- Department of Reproductive and Child Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ajit Mukherjee
- Department of Reproductive and Child Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Malabika Roy
- Department of Reproductive and Child Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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Maliye C, Taywade M, Gupta S, Deshmukh P, Garg B. P2-445 Maternal risk factors associated with low birth weight in Wardha, India. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976l.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Maliye C, Kumar R, Deshmukh P, Garg B. P2-444 Incidence and correlates of "growth faltering" among 0-6 year's children: a panel study from rural Wardha, India. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976l.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ade A, Gupta SS, Maliye C, Deshmukh PR, Garg BS. Effect of improvement of pre-school education through Anganwadi center on intelligence and development quotient of children. Indian J Pediatr 2010; 77:541-6. [PMID: 20358312 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-010-0056-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To find usefulness of a package of interventions to improve preschool education through Anganwadi centers on psychosocial development of children. METHODS A case-control study was undertaken to evaluate an intervention. Eight Anganwadi centers were selected using simple random sampling out of sixteen Anganwadi centers in Talegaon PHC area where intervention was done. Ten children in age group of 4-6 years were selected randomly from each of the eight Anganwadi center in intervention arm. For each child from intervention arm, one agematched child was selected from the matched Anganwadi center. For each subject, Intelligence Quotient and Development Quotient were assessed. RESULTS Mean Development Quotient (DQ) and Intelligence Quotient (IQ) values were higher among children in intervention Anganwadi centers (16.2 points for DQ and 10.2 points for IQ). This difference was found statistically significant (p = <0.01). Mean DQ among boys was found 10.1 points higher than that among the girls in control arm, this was statistically significant. According to multivariate linear regression model, the determinants of DQ were: intervention; age of the child; education of mother; sex of child; and PEM grade and the determinants for IQ were: intervention; age of the child; and income. CONCLUSION This study shows that intervention to improve the Early Childhood Education and Development component through Anganwadi centers results in improvement in Developmental and Intelligence Quotient of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Ade
- Dr Sushila Nayar School of Public Health, Mahatma Gandhi, Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, 442102, Maharashtra, India
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Deshmukh PR, Gupta SS, Dongre AR, Bharambe MS, Maliye C, Kaur S, Garg BS. Relationship of anthropometric indicators with blood pressure levels in rural Wardha. Indian J Med Res 2006; 123:657-64. [PMID: 16873908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Overweight and obesity are important determinants of health leading to adverse metabolic changes, including increase in blood pressure. Being overweight is associated with two- to six-fold increase in the risk of developing hypertension. Studies in urban Indian population showed strong relationship between different anthropometric indicators and blood pressure levels. Surprisingly, little is known about these relationships in rural population of India. The present study was carried out to examine the relationship between different anthropometric indicators and blood pressure levels in rural population of Wardha district in central India. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out in the areas of two Rural Health Training Centres (RHTC) of Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram; namely Bhidi and Anji through house-to-house visits. Two stage sampling method (30 cluster followed by systematic random) was used to reach the respondents' households. Partial correlation coefficients were used for continuous variables. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the influence of different anthropometric indicators on the systolic and diastolic blood pressure. ROC analysis was done to identify optimal cut-off values while likelihood ratios were calculated to identify the odds of having hypertension in comparison to those with lower values of anthropometric indicators. RESULTS The mean systolic blood pressures were 120.2 and 118.4 mmHg while the mean diastolic blood pressures were 77.7 and 76.3 mmHg in men and women respectively. There was a significant positive correlation of obesity indicators with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. For SBP, the correlation coefficient was 0.23 with BMI, 0.23 with waist circumference, 0.11 with WHR and 0.22 with WHtR. For DBP, it was 0.13 with BMI, 0.12 with WC, 0.04 with WHR and 0.11 with WHtR. Step-wise linear regression suggested that BMI and WC were important predictors of hypertension. The suggested cut-off values for BMI were 21.7 for men and 21.2 for women; for waist circumference, the cut-offs were 72.5 for men and 65.5 for women. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION BMI and WC had strong correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The suggested lower cut-off values of the anthropometric indicators will cover maximum of the population with higher odds of having hypertension and may help in reducing the mean population blood pressure levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Deshmukh
- Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to study the nutritional status of adolescents in rural area of Wardha. METHODS The cross-sectional study was carried out in two PHC areas of Wardha district with two stage sampling method. In the first stage, cluster-sampling method was used to identify 30-clusters in each Rural Health Training Centre (RHTC) area separately. In the second stage, systematic random sampling method was used to identify 10 households per cluster. All adolescents in the household thus selected were included in the study. The mean body mass index (BMI) for age was used for classifying the nutritional status with CDC 2000 reference. Data thus generated was entered and analyzed using epi_info 2000. RESULTS Overall, 53.8% of the adolescents were thin, 44% were normal and 2.2% were overweight. The mean body mass index (BMI) for boys and girls was 16.88 and 15.54 respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The prevalence of thinness was significantly (p<0.05) higher in early adolescence, girls, lower education (<8th standard) and lower economic status. CONCLUSION Majority (53.8%) of the adolescents in this study area are thin and only 2.2% were overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Deshmukh
- Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, Wardha, India.
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