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Wang J, Ji LR, Cheng CH, Su T, Han F, Li YZ, Wang EL, Chen R. [Analysis of dynamic functional connectivity states and influencing factors of brain network in male patients with obstructive sleep apnea]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 103:3938-3945. [PMID: 38129171 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20230720-00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze dynamic functional connectivity (dFNC) states and influencing factors of brain network in male patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods: A total of 111 male patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea or presenting with simple snoring, who visited the Sleep Clinic at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between August 2020 and December 2021, were prospectively selected for this study. General information was collected, and polysomnography (PSG) was performed. Based on the oxygen desaturation index (ODI), the participants were divided into three groups: primary snoring group (ODI<5 events/hour, n=34), mild to moderate OSA group (5 events/hour≤ODI<30 events/hour, n=43), and sever OSA group (ODI≥30 events/hour, n=34). Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale, and daytime sleepiness was evaluated using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected and preprocessed. dFNC matrices were constructed using a sliding time window approach. The number of dFNC states was determined using k-means clustering analysis. Three parameters, namely, fractional time (FT), mean dwell time (MDT), and number of transitions (NT), were used to characterize the temporal properties of dFNC states. Differences in the temporal properties of dFNC states among the groups were compared. The correlations between temporal properties and PSG parameters, as well as MoCA and ESS scores, were further analyzed. Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis was performed to identify the influencing factors of the temporal properties of dFNC states. Results: The age of the patients was (40.2±8.6) years (range: 25-65 years). There were no significant differences in age, smoking history and alcohol history, and MoCA scores among the three groups (all P>0.05). Three dFNC states were extracted through k-means clustering analysis: state 1, characterized by strong connections within the visual and sensorimotor networks with a frequency of 31.7% (4 611/14 541); state 2, characterized by strong connections within the default mode network, attention network, and other cognitive networks, with the lowest frequency of 22.1% (3 213/14 541); state 3, characterized by weaker connections across the whole brain, with the highest frequency of 46.2% (6 717/14 541). The FT [0.28 (0.05, 0.35) vs 0.39 (0.26, 0.53)] and MDT [8.20 (4.35, 12.54) vs 11.68 (8.50, 16.69)] of state 2 in the sever OSA group were lower than those in the primary snoring group (both P<0.05), while there were no significant differences in the temporal properties of states 1 and 3 among the three groups (all P>0.05). The FT and MDT of state 2 were correlated with body mass index (BMI), apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), ODI, and minimum oxygen saturation (MinSaO2) (FT: r values were -0.218, -0.230, -0.249, 0.198, respectively; MDT: r values were 0.269, -0.253, -0.265, 0.209, respectively; all P<0.05). There were no significant correlations between the temporal properties and MoCA or ESS scores (all P>0.05). ODI was found to be an influencing factor for the temporal properties of state 2 (FT: β=-0.225, 95%CI:-0.227 to -0.223; MDT: β=-0.241, 95%CI:-0.289 to -0.195). Conclusions: Male patients with OSA exhibit alterations in specific temporal properties of brain network dynamic functional connectivity, which are associated with nocturnal oxygen parameters. This may be one of the mechanisms underlying brain functional damage in patients with OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - L R Ji
- Department of Medical Imaging, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - C H Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - T Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - F Han
- Department of Sleep Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Y Z Li
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M146DZ, UK
| | - E L Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - R Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
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Guan Y, Cheng CH, Bellomo LI, Narain S, Bigornia SJ, Garelnabi MO, Scott T, Ordovás JM, Tucker KL, Bhadelia R, Koo BB. Corrigendum: APOE4 allele-specific associations between diet, multimodal biomarkers, and cognition among Puerto Rican adults in Massachusetts. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1343591. [PMID: 38149171 PMCID: PMC10750253 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1343591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1285333.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Guan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chia Hsin Cheng
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Luis I. Bellomo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sriman Narain
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sherman J. Bigornia
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Mahdi O. Garelnabi
- Department of Public Health, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Tammy Scott
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - José M. Ordovás
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, J.M.-US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
- IMDEA Alimentacion, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Katherine L. Tucker
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
- Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Rafeeque Bhadelia
- Neuroradiology Section, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bang-Bon Koo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Brown DN, Kolomensky YG, Fritsch M, Koch H, Cheaib R, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Kozyrev EA, Kravchenko EA, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Lankford AJ, Dey B, Gary JW, Long O, Eisner AM, Lockman WS, Panduro Vazquez W, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Li Y, Lin DX, Middleton S, Miyashita TS, Ongmongkolkul P, Oyang J, Porter FC, Röhrken M, Meadows BT, Sokoloff MD, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Bernard D, Verderi M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Santoro V, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Martellotti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rotondo M, Zallo A, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Shuve BJ, Lacker HM, Bhuyan B, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Prell S, Gritsan AV, Arnaud N, Davier M, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Coleman JP, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Cowan G, Banerjee S, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Schubert KR, Barlow RJ, Lafferty GD, Cenci R, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Cowan R, Robertson SH, Seddon RM, Neri N, Palombo F, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Summers DJ, De Nardo G, Sciacca C, Jessop CP, LoSecco JM, Honscheid K, Gaz A, Margoni M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Biasini M, Manoni E, Rossi A, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Chrzaszcz M, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Rama M, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Zani L, Smith AJS, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Pilloni A, Bünger C, Dittrich S, Grünberg O, Leddig T, Voß C, Waldi R, Adye T, Wilson FF, Emery S, Vasseur G, Aston D, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Fulsom BG, Graham MT, Hast C, Kim P, Luitz S, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wisniewski WJ, Purohit MV, Wilson JR, Sekula SJ, Ahmed H, Tasneem N, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Puccio EMT, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, De Mori F, Filippi A, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Beaulieu A, Bernlochner FU, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lueck T, Miller C, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Wu SL. Search for Evidence of Baryogenesis and Dark Matter in B^{+}→ψ_{D}+p Decays at BABAR. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:201801. [PMID: 38039482 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.201801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
A new dark sector antibaryon, denoted ψ_{D}, could be produced in decays of B mesons. This Letter presents a search for B^{+}→ψ_{D}+p (and the charge conjugate) decays in e^{+}e^{-} annihilations at 10.58 GeV, using data collected in the BABAR experiment. Data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 398 fb^{-1} are analyzed. No evidence for a signal is observed. Branching fraction upper limits in the range from 10^{-7}-10^{-5} are obtained at 90% confidence level for masses of 1.0
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Guan Y, Cheng CH, Bellomo LI, Narain S, Bigornia SJ, Garelnabi MO, Scott T, Ordovás JM, Tucker KL, Bhadelia R, Koo BB. APOE4 allele-specific associations between diet, multimodal biomarkers, and cognition among Puerto Rican adults in Massachusetts. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1285333. [PMID: 38035273 PMCID: PMC10684694 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1285333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and the ε4 allele (APOE4) may interact with lifestyle factors that relate to brain structural changes, underlying the increased risk of AD. However, the exact role of APOE4 in mediating interactions between the peripheral circulatory system and the central nervous system, and how it may link to brain and cognitive aging requires further elucidation. In this analysis, we investigated the association between APOE4 carrier status and multimodal biomarkers (diet, blood markers, clinical diagnosis, brain structure, and cognition) in the context of gene-environment interactions. Methods Participants were older adults from a longitudinal observational study, the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS), who self-identified as of Puerto Rican descent. Demographics, APOE genotype, diet, blood, and clinical data were collected at baseline and at approximately 12th year, with the addition of multimodal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (T1-weighted and diffusion) and cognitive testing acquired at 12-year. Measures were compared between APOE4 carriers and non-carriers, and associations between multimodal variables were examined using correlation and multivariate network analyses within each group. Results A total of 156 BPRHS participants (mean age at imaging = 68 years, 77% female, mean follow-up 12.7 years) with complete multimodal data were included in the current analysis. APOE4 carriers (n = 43) showed reduced medial temporal lobe (MTL) white matter (WM) microstructural integrity and lower mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score than non-carriers (n = 113). This pattern was consistent with an independent sample from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) of n = 283 non-Hispanic White adults without dementia (mean age = 75, 40% female). Within BPRHS, carriers showed distinct connectivity patterns between multimodal biomarkers, characterized by stronger direct network connections between baseline diet/blood markers with 12-year blood/clinical measures, and between blood markers (especially lipids and cytokines) and WM. Cardiovascular burden (i.e., hypertension and diabetes status) was associated with WM integrity for both carriers and non-carriers. Conclusion APOE4 carrier status affects interactions between dietary factors, multimodal blood biomarkers, and MTL WM integrity across ~12 years of follow-up, which may reflect increased peripheral-central systems crosstalk following blood-brain barrier breakdown in carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Guan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chia Hsin Cheng
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Luis I. Bellomo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sriman Narain
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sherman J. Bigornia
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Mahdi O. Garelnabi
- Department of Public Health, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Tammy Scott
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - José M. Ordovás
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, J.M.-US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
- IMDEA Alimentacion, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Katherine L. Tucker
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
- Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Rafeeque Bhadelia
- Neuroradiology Section, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bang-Bon Koo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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He S, Guan Y, Cheng CH, Moore TL, Luebke JI, Killiany RJ, Rosene DL, Koo BB, Ou Y. Human-to-monkey transfer learning identifies the frontal white matter as a key determinant for predicting monkey brain age. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1249415. [PMID: 38020785 PMCID: PMC10646581 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1249415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of artificial intelligence (AI) to summarize a whole-brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) into an effective "brain age" metric can provide a holistic, individualized, and objective view of how the brain interacts with various factors (e.g., genetics and lifestyle) during aging. Brain age predictions using deep learning (DL) have been widely used to quantify the developmental status of human brains, but their wider application to serve biomedical purposes is under criticism for requiring large samples and complicated interpretability. Animal models, i.e., rhesus monkeys, have offered a unique lens to understand the human brain - being a species in which aging patterns are similar, for which environmental and lifestyle factors are more readily controlled. However, applying DL methods in animal models suffers from data insufficiency as the availability of animal brain MRIs is limited compared to many thousands of human MRIs. We showed that transfer learning can mitigate the sample size problem, where transferring the pre-trained AI models from 8,859 human brain MRIs improved monkey brain age estimation accuracy and stability. The highest accuracy and stability occurred when transferring the 3D ResNet [mean absolute error (MAE) = 1.83 years] and the 2D global-local transformer (MAE = 1.92 years) models. Our models identified the frontal white matter as the most important feature for monkey brain age predictions, which is consistent with previous histological findings. This first DL-based, anatomically interpretable, and adaptive brain age estimator could broaden the application of AI techniques to various animal or disease samples and widen opportunities for research in non-human primate brains across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng He
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yi Guan
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chia Hsin Cheng
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tara L. Moore
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jennifer I. Luebke
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ronald J. Killiany
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Douglas L. Rosene
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bang-Bon Koo
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yangming Ou
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Cheng CH, Su T, Wang J, Zhu QL, Wu HH, Wang ZJ, Han F, Chen R. [Alertness and task processing speed impairment status and influencing factors of young-middle aged men with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 103:1685-1691. [PMID: 37302859 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20220909-01910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the alertness and task processing speed impairment status in young-mild aged men with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), and analyze its influencing factors. Methods: This prospective study recruited 251 snoring patients aged 18 to 59 (38.9±7.6) years in the Sleep Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from July 2020 to September 2021 and all patients were diagnosed by polysomnography (PSG). Clinical information, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and PSG date were collected. All patients were assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) questionnaires, Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and Computerized Neurocognitive Assessment System which includes the reaction time of Motor Screening Task (MOT) for alertness, the reaction time of pattern recognition memory (PRM), spatial span (SSP) and spatial working memory (SWM) for task processing speed. Based on AHI tertiles, all patients were divided into Q1 group (AHI<15 times/h, n=79), Q2 group (15 times/h≤AHI<45 times/h, n=88), and Q3 group (AHI≥45 times/h, n=84). The characteristics of clinical information, ESS, PSG parameters and cognitive scores among three groups were compared. Multiple linear stepwise regression was conducted to analyze the influencing factors of cognitive impairment. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in age, years of education, history of smoking and drinking, and past disease history (except for the prevalence of hypertension) among the 3 groups (P>0.05). There were statistically significant among-group differences in the body mass index (BMI), ESS, prevalence of hypertension and complaints of daytime sleepiness (P<0.05). Compared with Q1 and Q2 group, the arousal index (ArI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI),the proportion of non-rapid eye movement phase 1 and 2 (N1+N2) and percentage of total sleep time with oxygen saturation level<90% (TS90) of Q3 group were higher (all P<0.05). In the cognitive assessment, there was no statistically significant difference in the MoCA total and individual scores and MMSE scores among the three groups (P>0.05). Compared with the Q1 group, the task processing speed and alertness were worse in Q3 group, as shown by slower PRM immediate and delayed reaction time, SSP reaction time and MOT reaction time (all P<0.05). The total time of SWM in Q2 group was slower than that in Q1 group (P<0.05). Multiple linear stepwise regression showed that years of education (β=-40.182, 95%CI:-69.847--10.517), ODI (β=3.539, 95%CI: 0.600-6.478) were the risk factors of PRM immediate reaction time. Age(β=13.303,95%CI: 2.487-24.119), years of education(β=-32.329, 95%CI:-63.162--1.497), ODI (β=4.515, 95%CI: 1.623-7.407) were the risk factors of PRM delayed reaction time. ODI was the risk factor of SSP reaction time (β=1.258, 95%CI: 0.379-2.137). TS90 was the risk factor of MOT reaction time (β=1.796, 95%CI: 0.664-2.928). Conclusions: The early cognitive impairment in young-mild aged OSAHS patients was manifested in decreased alertness and task processing speed, and intermittent nocturnal hypoxia was its influencing factor in addition to age and years of education.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine/Sleep Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - T Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine/Sleep Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine/Sleep Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Q L Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine/Sleep Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - H H Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine/Sleep Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Z J Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine/Sleep Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - F Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine/Sleep Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - R Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine/Sleep Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
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Zhu QL, Han F, Wang J, Cheng CH, Cai SJ, Wang QJ, Chen R. [Effect of sleep spindle density on memory function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2023; 46:466-473. [PMID: 37147808 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20220924-00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the characteristics of sleep spindle density in nonrapid eye movement (NREM) stage 2 (N2) sleep and its effect on memory function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods: Patients who underwent polysomnography (PSG) examination due to snoring in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January to December 2021 were prospectively collected. A total of 119 male patients, aged 23-60 (37.4±7.3) years, were enrolled finally. According to the apnea hyponea index (AHI), the subjects were divided into a control group (AHI<15 times/h) of 59 cases and an OSAHS group (AHI≥15 times/h) of 60 cases. The basic information, general clinical data and PSG parameters were collected. Memory function scores were evaluated by using logical memory test (LMT), digit ordering test (DOT) and pattern recognition memory (PRM), spatial recognition memory (SRM) and spatial working memory (SWM) in CANTAB test. The number of N2 sleep spindles in leads left central area (C3) and right central area (C4) was counted by hand and the sleep spindle density (SSD) was calculated. The differences in the above indexes and N2 SSD were compared between the two groups. Shapiro-Wilk method, chi-squared test, Spearman correlation analysis and stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the influencing factors of memory scores in patients with OSAHS. Results: Compared with the control group, the proportion of the slow-wave sleep, the minimum blood oxygen saturation, the SSD in C3 of NREM2 stage and the SSD in C4 of NREM2 stage were lower in the OSAHS group. The body mass index (BMI), proportion of N2 sleep, oxygen reduction index, percentage of time with oxyhemoglobin saturation below 90% (TS90), maximum duration of apnea and respiratory effort-related arousal(RERA) were higher in the OSAHS group (all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the immediate LMT score was lower, while the time for immediately completing PRM test, the total time for immediately completing SRM test and the time for delayed completing PRM test were longer in the OSAHS group, suggesting that the immediate logical memory, immediate visual memory, spatial recognition memory and delayed visual memory were worse in the OSAHS group. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the number of years of education (OR=0.744, 95%CI 0.565-0.979, P=0.035), maximum duration of apnea (OR=0.946, 95%CI 0.898-0.997, P=0.038) and N2-C3 SSD (OR=0.328, 95%CI 0.207-0.618, P=0.012) and N2-C4 SSD (OR=0.339, 95%CI 0.218-0.527, P=0.017) were independent factors affecting the immediate visual memory. The AHI (OR=1.449, 95%CI 1.057-1.985, P=0.021), N2-C3 SSD (OR=0.377, 95%CI 0.246-0.549, P=0.009), and N2-C4 SSD (OR=0.400, 95%CI 0.267-0.600, P=0.010) were independent factors affecting delayed visual memory. Conclusions: The decrease in SSD is associated with impaired memory function in patients with moderate-severe OSAHS, which is manifested as impairment of immediate visual memory and delayed visual memory. This suggests that changes of sleep spindle wave in N2 may be an electroencephalographic biomarker for assessing cognitive impairment in OSAHS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q L Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - F Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - C H Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - S J Cai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Q J Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - R Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
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8
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Hung KKC, Leung LY, Yeung JHH, Wong TK, Yiu TY, Leung YK, Chan D, Lui CT, Ng WK, Ho HF, Cheng CH, Cheung NK, Graham CA. A prediction model for return to work after injury in Hong Kong: abridged secondary publication. Hong Kong Med J 2022; 28 Suppl 6:39-44. [PMID: 36535799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K K C Hung
- Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.,Trauma & Emergency Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital
| | - L Y Leung
- Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - J H H Yeung
- Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.,Trauma & Emergency Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital
| | - T K Wong
- Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - T Y Yiu
- Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Y K Leung
- Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - D Chan
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - C T Lui
- Accident & Emergency Department, Tuen Mun Hospital
| | - W K Ng
- Trauma Committee, Princess Margaret Hospital
| | - H F Ho
- Accident & Emergency Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital
| | - C H Cheng
- Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.,Trauma & Emergency Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital
| | - N K Cheung
- Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.,Trauma & Emergency Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital
| | - C A Graham
- Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.,Trauma & Emergency Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital
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9
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Brown DN, Kolomensky YG, Fritsch M, Koch H, Schroeder T, Cheaib R, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kozyrev EA, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Lankford AJ, Dey B, Gary JW, Long O, Eisner AM, Lockman WS, Panduro Vazquez W, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Kim J, Li Y, Lin DX, Middleton S, Miyashita TS, Ongmongkolkul P, Oyang J, Porter FC, Röhrken M, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Pushpawela BG, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Bernard D, Verderi M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Santoro V, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Martellotti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rotondo M, Zallo A, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Flood I, Nguyen N, Shuve BJ, Lacker HM, Bhuyan B, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Prell S, Gritsan AV, Arnaud N, Davier M, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Coleman JP, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Cowan G, Banerjee S, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Schubert KR, Barlow RJ, Lafferty GD, Cenci R, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Cowan R, Robertson SH, Seddon RM, Neri N, Palombo F, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Summers DJ, Taras P, De Nardo G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Jessop CP, LoSecco JM, Honscheid K, Kass R, Gaz A, Margoni M, Posocco M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Biasini M, Manoni E, Rossi A, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Chrzaszcz M, De Nuccio M, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Rama M, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Zani L, Smith AJS, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Pilloni A, Piredda G, Bünger C, Dittrich S, Grünberg O, Heß M, Leddig T, Voß C, Waldi R, Adye T, Wilson FF, Emery S, Vasseur G, Aston D, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Fulsom BG, Graham MT, Hast C, Innes WR, Kim P, Leith DWGS, Luitz S, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wisniewski WJ, Purohit MV, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Ahmed H, Tasneem N, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Puccio EMT, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Schwitters RF, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, De Mori F, Filippi A, Gamba D, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Beaulieu A, Bernlochner FU, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lueck T, Miller C, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Prepost R, Wu SL. Search for an Axionlike Particle in B Meson Decays. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:131802. [PMID: 35426701 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.131802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Axionlike particles (ALPs) are predicted in many extensions of the standard model, and their masses can naturally be well below the electroweak scale. In the presence of couplings to electroweak bosons, these particles could be emitted in flavor-changing B meson decays. We report herein a search for an ALP, a, in the reaction B^{±}→K^{±}a, a→γγ using data collected by the BABAR experiment at SLAC. No significant signal is observed, and 90% confidence level upper limits on the ALP coupling to electroweak bosons are derived as a function of ALP mass, improving current constraints by several orders of magnitude in the range 0.175 GeV<m_{a}<4.78 GeV.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Tisserand
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - E Grauges
- Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Fisica, Departament ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G Eigen
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - D N Brown
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu G Kolomensky
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Fritsch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - H Koch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Schroeder
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - R Cheaib
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - C Hearty
- Institute of Particle Physics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - T S Mattison
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - J A McKenna
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - R Y So
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - V E Blinov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - A R Buzykaev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V P Druzhinin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V B Golubev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kozyrev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kravchenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A P Onuchin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - S I Serednyakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yu I Skovpen
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E P Solodov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - K Yu Todyshev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A J Lankford
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - B Dey
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - J W Gary
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - O Long
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - A M Eisner
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W S Lockman
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W Panduro Vazquez
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - D S Chao
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C H Cheng
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Echenard
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K T Flood
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D G Hitlin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Kim
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y Li
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D X Lin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Middleton
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T S Miyashita
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Ongmongkolkul
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Oyang
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F C Porter
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Röhrken
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - B T Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | | | - M D Sokoloff
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - L Sun
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - J G Smith
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S R Wagner
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - D Bernard
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Verderi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Calabrese
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrarab, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrarab, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Fioravanti
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrarab, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrarab, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrarab, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Santoro
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R de Sangro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Finocchiaro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Martellotti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - I M Peruzzi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Piccolo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Zallo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Passaggio
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | | | - I Flood
- Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California 91711, USA
| | - N Nguyen
- Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California 91711, USA
| | - B J Shuve
- Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California 91711, USA
| | - H M Lacker
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781 039, India
| | - U Mallik
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - C Chen
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J Cochran
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S Prell
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - A V Gritsan
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - N Arnaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Davier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - F Le Diberder
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - A M Lutz
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - G Wormser
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - D J Lange
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D M Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Coleman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - E Gabathuler
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D E Hutchcroft
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D J Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C Touramanis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A J Bevan
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - F Di Lodovico
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - R Sacco
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - G Cowan
- University of London, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Sw Banerjee
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - D N Brown
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - C L Davis
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - A G Denig
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Gradl
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Griessinger
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Hafner
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K R Schubert
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R J Barlow
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G D Lafferty
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Cenci
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D A Roberts
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Cowan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S H Robertson
- Institute of Particle Physics, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - R M Seddon
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Palombo
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - L Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - R Godang
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - D J Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Taras
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - G De Nardo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Sciacca
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Raven
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C P Jessop
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - J M LoSecco
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R Kass
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - A Gaz
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Margoni
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Posocco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Simonetto
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R Stroili
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Akar
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - E Ben-Haim
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Bomben
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G R Bonneaud
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Calderini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Chauveau
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Marchiori
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Ocariz
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Biasini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Manoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Batignani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Bettarini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Carpinelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Casarosa
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - M De Nuccio
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Forti
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Giorgi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Lusiani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Oberhof
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Paoloni
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Rama
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Rizzo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Zani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A J S Smith
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - F Anulli
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R Faccini
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Ferroni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Pilloni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - G Piredda
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Bünger
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Dittrich
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - O Grünberg
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Heß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Leddig
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - C Voß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - R Waldi
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Adye
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F F Wilson
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S Emery
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Vasseur
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Aston
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M R Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J Dorfan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W Dunwoodie
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M Ebert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - R C Field
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B G Fulsom
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M T Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W R Innes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - P Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D W G S Leith
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D R Muller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - H Neal
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - A Roodman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M K Sullivan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W J Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M V Purohit
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J R Wilson
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - S J Sekula
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - H Ahmed
- St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada B2G 2W5
| | - N Tasneem
- St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada B2G 2W5
| | - M Bellis
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P R Burchat
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E M T Puccio
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M S Alam
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - J A Ernst
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - R Gorodeisky
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - N Guttman
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - D R Peimer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - A Soffer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - S M Spanier
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J L Ritchie
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - J M Izen
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - X C Lou
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - F Bianchi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F De Mori
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Filippi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - D Gamba
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - L Lanceri
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - L Vitale
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - A Oyanguren
- IFIC, Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Albert
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - A Beaulieu
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - F U Bernlochner
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - G J King
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R Kowalewski
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T Lueck
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - C Miller
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - I M Nugent
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - J M Roney
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R J Sobie
- Institute of Particle Physics, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T J Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - P F Harrison
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T E Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - R Prepost
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S L Wu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Brown DN, Kolomensky YG, Fritsch M, Koch H, Schroeder T, Cheaib R, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kozyrev EA, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Lankford AJ, Dey B, Gary JW, Long O, Eisner AM, Lockman WS, Panduro Vazquez W, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Kim J, Li Y, Lin DX, Middleton S, Miyashita TS, Ongmongkolkul P, Oyang J, Porter FC, Röhrken M, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Pushpawela BG, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Bernard D, Verderi M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Santoro V, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Martellotti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rotondo M, Zallo A, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Shuve BJ, Lacker HM, Bhuyan B, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Prell S, Gritsan AV, Arnaud N, Davier M, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Coleman JP, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Cowan G, Banerjee S, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Schubert KR, Barlow RJ, Lafferty GD, Cenci R, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Cowan R, Robertson SH, Seddon RM, Neri N, Palombo F, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Summers DJ, Taras P, De Nardo G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Jessop CP, LoSecco JM, Honscheid K, Kass R, Gaz A, Margoni M, Posocco M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Biasini M, Manoni E, Rossi A, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Chrzaszcz M, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Rama M, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Zani L, Smith AJS, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Pilloni A, Piredda G, Bünger C, Dittrich S, Grünberg O, Heß M, Leddig T, Voß C, Waldi R, Adye T, Wilson FF, Emery S, Vasseur G, Aston D, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Fulsom BG, Graham MT, Hast C, Innes WR, Kim P, Leith DWGS, Luitz S, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wisniewski WJ, Purohit MV, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Ahmed H, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Puccio EMT, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Schwitters RF, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, De Mori F, Filippi A, Gamba D, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Beaulieu A, Bernlochner FU, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lueck T, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Prepost R, Wu SL. Search for Lepton Flavor Violation in ϒ(3S)→e^{±}μ^{∓}. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:091804. [PMID: 35302790 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.091804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first search for electron-muon lepton flavor violation (LFV) in the decay of a b quark and b antiquark bound state. We look for the LFV decay ϒ(3S)→e^{±}μ^{∓} in a sample of 118 million ϒ(3S) mesons from 27 fb^{-1} of data collected with the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II e^{+}e^{-} collider operating with a 10.36 GeV center-of-mass energy. No evidence for a signal is found, and we set a limit on the branching fraction B[ϒ(3S)→e^{±}μ^{∓}]<3.6×10^{-7} at 90% C. L. This result can be interpreted as a limit Λ_{NP}/g_{NP}^{2}>80 TeV on the energy scale Λ_{NP} divided by the coupling-squared g_{NP}^{2} of relevant new physics (NP).
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Tisserand
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - E Grauges
- Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Fisica, Departament ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G Eigen
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - D N Brown
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu G Kolomensky
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Fritsch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - H Koch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Schroeder
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - R Cheaib
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - C Hearty
- Institute of Particle Physics, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - T S Mattison
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - J A McKenna
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - R Y So
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - V E Blinov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - A R Buzykaev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V P Druzhinin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V B Golubev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kozyrev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kravchenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A P Onuchin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - S I Serednyakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yu I Skovpen
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E P Solodov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - K Yu Todyshev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A J Lankford
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - B Dey
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - J W Gary
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - O Long
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - A M Eisner
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W S Lockman
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W Panduro Vazquez
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - D S Chao
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C H Cheng
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Echenard
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K T Flood
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D G Hitlin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Kim
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y Li
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D X Lin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Middleton
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T S Miyashita
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Ongmongkolkul
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Oyang
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F C Porter
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Röhrken
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - B T Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | | | - M D Sokoloff
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - L Sun
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - J G Smith
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S R Wagner
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - D Bernard
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Verderi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Calabrese
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Fioravanti
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Santoro
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R de Sangro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Finocchiaro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Martellotti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - I M Peruzzi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Piccolo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Zallo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Passaggio
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | | | - B J Shuve
- Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California 91711, USA
| | - H M Lacker
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India
| | - U Mallik
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - C Chen
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J Cochran
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S Prell
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - A V Gritsan
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - N Arnaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Davier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - F Le Diberder
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - A M Lutz
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - G Wormser
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - D J Lange
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D M Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Coleman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - E Gabathuler
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D E Hutchcroft
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D J Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C Touramanis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A J Bevan
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - F Di Lodovico
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - R Sacco
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - G Cowan
- University of London, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Sw Banerjee
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - D N Brown
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - C L Davis
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - A G Denig
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Gradl
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Griessinger
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Hafner
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K R Schubert
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R J Barlow
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G D Lafferty
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Cenci
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D A Roberts
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Cowan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S H Robertson
- Institute of Particle Physics, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - R M Seddon
- Institute of Particle Physics, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Palombo
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - L Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - R Godang
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - D J Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Taras
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - G De Nardo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Sciacca
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Raven
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C P Jessop
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - J M LoSecco
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R Kass
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - A Gaz
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Margoni
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Posocco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Simonetto
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R Stroili
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Akar
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - E Ben-Haim
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Bomben
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G R Bonneaud
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Calderini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Chauveau
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Marchiori
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Ocariz
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Biasini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Manoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Batignani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Bettarini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Carpinelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Casarosa
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - F Forti
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Giorgi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Lusiani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Oberhof
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Paoloni
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Rama
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Rizzo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Zani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A J S Smith
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - F Anulli
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R Faccini
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Ferroni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Pilloni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - G Piredda
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Bünger
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Dittrich
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - O Grünberg
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Heß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Leddig
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - C Voß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - R Waldi
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Adye
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F F Wilson
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S Emery
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Vasseur
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Aston
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M R Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - J Dorfan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - W Dunwoodie
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M Ebert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - R C Field
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - B G Fulsom
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M T Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - W R Innes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - P Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D W G S Leith
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D R Muller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - H Neal
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - A Roodman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M K Sullivan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - W J Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M V Purohit
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J R Wilson
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - S J Sekula
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - H Ahmed
- St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - M Bellis
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P R Burchat
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E M T Puccio
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M S Alam
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - J A Ernst
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - R Gorodeisky
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - N Guttman
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - D R Peimer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - A Soffer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - S M Spanier
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J L Ritchie
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - J M Izen
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - X C Lou
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - F Bianchi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F De Mori
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Filippi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - D Gamba
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - L Lanceri
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - L Vitale
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - A Oyanguren
- IFIC, Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Albert
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - A Beaulieu
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - F U Bernlochner
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - G J King
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - R Kowalewski
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - T Lueck
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - I M Nugent
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - J M Roney
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - R J Sobie
- Institute of Particle Physics, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - N Tasneem
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - T J Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - P F Harrison
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T E Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - R Prepost
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S L Wu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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11
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Brown DN, Kolomensky YG, Fritsch M, Koch H, Schroeder T, Cheaib R, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kozyrev EA, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Lankford AJ, Dey B, Gary JW, Long O, Eisner AM, Lockman WS, Panduro Vazquez W, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Kim J, Li Y, Lin DX, Miyashita TS, Ongmongkolkul P, Oyang J, Porter FC, Röhrken M, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Pushpawela BG, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Bernard D, Verderi M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Santoro V, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Martellotti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rotondo M, Zallo A, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Shuve BJ, Lacker HM, Bhuyan B, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Prell S, Gritsan AV, Arnaud N, Davier M, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Coleman JP, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Cowan G, Banerjee S, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Schubert KR, Barlow RJ, Lafferty GD, Cenci R, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Cowan R, Robertson SH, Seddon RM, Neri N, Palombo F, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Summers DJ, Taras P, De Nardo G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Jessop CP, LoSecco JM, Honscheid K, Kass R, Gaz A, Margoni M, Posocco M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Biasini M, Manoni E, Rossi A, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Chrzaszcz M, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Rama M, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Zani L, Smith AJS, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Pilloni A, Piredda G, Bünger C, Dittrich S, Grünberg O, Heß M, Leddig T, Voß C, Waldi R, Adye T, Wilson FF, Emery S, Vasseur G, Aston D, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Fulsom BG, Graham MT, Hast C, Innes WR, Kim P, Leith DWGS, Luitz S, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wisniewski WJ, Purohit MV, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Ahmed H, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Puccio EMT, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Schwitters RF, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, De Mori F, Filippi A, Gamba D, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Beaulieu A, Bernlochner FU, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lueck T, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Prepost R, Wu SL. Search for Darkonium in e^{+}e^{-} Collisions. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:021802. [PMID: 35089770 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.021802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Collider searches for dark sectors, new particles interacting only feebly with ordinary matter, have largely focused on identifying signatures of new mediators, leaving much of dark sector structures unexplored. In particular, the existence of dark matter bound states (darkonia) remains to be investigated. This possibility could arise in a simple model in which a dark photon (A^{'}) is light enough to generate an attractive force between dark fermions. We report herein a search for a J^{PC}=1^{--} darkonium state, the ϒ_{D}, produced in the reaction e^{+}e^{-}→γϒ_{D}, ϒ_{D}→A^{'}A^{'}A^{'}, where the dark photons subsequently decay into pairs of leptons or pions, using 514 fb^{-1} of data collected with the BABAR detector. No significant signal is observed, and we set bounds on the γ-A^{'} kinetic mixing as a function of the dark sector coupling constant for 0.001<m_{A^{'}}<3.16 GeV and 0.05<m_{ϒ_{D}}<9.5 GeV.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Tisserand
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - E Grauges
- Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Fisica, Departament ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G Eigen
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - D N Brown
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu G Kolomensky
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Fritsch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - H Koch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Schroeder
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - R Cheaib
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - C Hearty
- Institute of Particle Physics, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - T S Mattison
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - J A McKenna
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - R Y So
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - V E Blinov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - A R Buzykaev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V P Druzhinin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V B Golubev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kozyrev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kravchenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A P Onuchin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - S I Serednyakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yu I Skovpen
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E P Solodov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - K Yu Todyshev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A J Lankford
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - B Dey
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - J W Gary
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - O Long
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - A M Eisner
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W S Lockman
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W Panduro Vazquez
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - D S Chao
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C H Cheng
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Echenard
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K T Flood
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D G Hitlin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Kim
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y Li
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D X Lin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T S Miyashita
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Ongmongkolkul
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Oyang
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F C Porter
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Röhrken
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - B T Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | | | - M D Sokoloff
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - L Sun
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - J G Smith
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S R Wagner
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - D Bernard
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Verderi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Calabrese
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Fioravanti
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Santoro
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R de Sangro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Finocchiaro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Martellotti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - I M Peruzzi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Piccolo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Zallo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Passaggio
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | | | - B J Shuve
- Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California 91711, USA
| | - H M Lacker
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India
| | - U Mallik
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - C Chen
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J Cochran
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S Prell
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - A V Gritsan
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - N Arnaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Davier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - F Le Diberder
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - A M Lutz
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - G Wormser
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - D J Lange
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D M Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Coleman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - E Gabathuler
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D E Hutchcroft
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D J Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C Touramanis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A J Bevan
- Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - F Di Lodovico
- Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - R Sacco
- Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - G Cowan
- University of London, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Sw Banerjee
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - D N Brown
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - C L Davis
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - A G Denig
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Gradl
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Griessinger
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Hafner
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K R Schubert
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R J Barlow
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G D Lafferty
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Cenci
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D A Roberts
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Cowan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S H Robertson
- Institute of Particle Physics, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - R M Seddon
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Palombo
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - L Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - R Godang
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - D J Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Taras
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - G De Nardo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Sciacca
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Raven
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C P Jessop
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - J M LoSecco
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R Kass
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - A Gaz
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Margoni
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Posocco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Simonetto
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R Stroili
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Akar
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - E Ben-Haim
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Bomben
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G R Bonneaud
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Calderini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Chauveau
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Marchiori
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Ocariz
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Biasini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Manoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Batignani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Bettarini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Carpinelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Casarosa
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - F Forti
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Giorgi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Lusiani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Oberhof
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Paoloni
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Rama
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Rizzo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Zani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A J S Smith
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - F Anulli
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R Faccini
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Ferroni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Pilloni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - G Piredda
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Bünger
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Dittrich
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - O Grünberg
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Heß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Leddig
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - C Voß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - R Waldi
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Adye
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F F Wilson
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S Emery
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Vasseur
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Aston
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M R Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J Dorfan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W Dunwoodie
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M Ebert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - R C Field
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B G Fulsom
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M T Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W R Innes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - P Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D W G S Leith
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D R Muller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - H Neal
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - A Roodman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M K Sullivan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W J Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M V Purohit
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J R Wilson
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - S J Sekula
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - H Ahmed
- St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - M Bellis
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P R Burchat
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E M T Puccio
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M S Alam
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - J A Ernst
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - R Gorodeisky
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - N Guttman
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - D R Peimer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - A Soffer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - S M Spanier
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J L Ritchie
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - J M Izen
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - X C Lou
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - F Bianchi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F De Mori
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Filippi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - D Gamba
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - L Lanceri
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - L Vitale
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - A Oyanguren
- IFIC, Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Albert
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - A Beaulieu
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - F U Bernlochner
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - G J King
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - R Kowalewski
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - T Lueck
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - I M Nugent
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - J M Roney
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - R J Sobie
- Institute of Particle Physics, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - N Tasneem
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - T J Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - P F Harrison
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T E Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - R Prepost
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S L Wu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Mustafa H, Cheng CH, Radzi R, Fong LS, Mustapha NM, Dyary HO. Induction of periodontal disease via retentive ligature, lipopolysaccharide injection, and their combination in a rat model. Pol J Vet Sci 2021; 24:365-373. [PMID: 34730299 DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2021.138727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a highly prevalent, chronic immune-inflammatory disease of the periodontium that results in the periodontium and alveolar bone loss's progressive destruction. In this study, the induction of periodontal disease via retentive ligature, lipopolysaccharide, and their combination at three different times were compared in a rat model. Seventy-two Sprague Dawley rats were distributed into four treatment groups: 1) control group with no treatment; 2) application of 4/0 nylon ligature around second maxillary molars; 3) combination of ligature and LPS injection (ligature-LPS); 4) intragingival injection of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) to the palatal mucosa of the second maxillary molars. Six rats were sacrificed from each group after 7, 14, and 30 days of periodontal disease induction. Alveolar bone loss, attachment loss, number of inflammatory cells, and blood vessels were evaluated histologically. A micro-CT scan was used as a parameter to know the rate of alveolar bone loss. Parametric data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni correction with a significance set at 5%. Non-parametric data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, followed by multiple comparisons with Bonferroni correction. The histological results revealed significant destructive changes in the periodontal tissues and alveolar bone following the ligature and ligature-LPS induction techniques. These changes were evident as early as seven days, maintained until 14 days post-treatment, and declined with time. The ligature technique was effective in inducing acute periodontal disease. The LPS injection technique did not induce alveolar bone loss, and its combination to ligature added insignificant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mustafa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - C H Cheng
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R Radzi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - L S Fong
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N M Mustapha
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - H O Dyary
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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Wu HH, Wang ZJ, Cheng CH, Wang J, Wang QJ, Chen R. [Effects of daytime hypercapnia on logical memory and working memory in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2021; 44:873-879. [PMID: 34565113 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20210210-00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects of daytime hypercapnia on logical memory and working memory in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods: This prospective study recruited patients complaining of snoring and diagnosed with OSAHS at the Sleep Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January to November 2020. Patients were assessed clinically and scored for their memory function. All patients underwent daytime transcutaneous carbon dioxide (PtcCO2) test, and overnight polysomnography (PSG). Logical memory was scored using the Logical Memory Test (LMT), while working memory was evaluated by Digit Span Test (DST) and Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) which included Pattern Recognition Memory (PRM), Spatial Span (SSP), and Spatial Working Memory (SWM). Patients were divided into the normocapnic group and the hypercapnic group using the daytime PtcCO2 test. The clinical and PSG parameters and the memory test scores between the two groups were compared. Binary logistic stepwise regression was conducted to identify risk factors of memory impairment in OSAHS patients. Results: Among the 123 enrolled OSAHS patients, 79 were normocapnic and 44 were hypercapnic. There was no significant difference in the general clinical parameters between the two groups. The snoring history in years in the hypercapnic group was longer than that in the normocapnic group (P<0.05). Compared with the normocapnic group, the apnea-hyponea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI) and percentage of total sleep time with oxygen saturation level<90% (TS90) of the hypercapnic group were higher (all P<0.05), while other PSG parameters exhibited no statistically significant differences. There was no statistically significant difference in the immediate logical memory and PRM immediate accuracy rate between the two groups, while the delayed logical memory, verbal and spatial working memory, and executive function were worse in the hypercapnic group, as shown by lower total LMT scores, lower DST, lower SSP scores (all P<0.05), and higher between errors and strategy scores (P<0.01) of SWM in the hypercapnic group. Binary logistic stepwise regression showed that PtcCO2 ≥45 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa, OR=3.055, 95%CI 1.359-6.868, P=0.007) and higher body mass index (BMI) (OR=1.132, 95%CI 1.005-1.275, P=0.041) were risk factors for poor performance in Digit Span Backwards Test. Therefore, PtcCO2 ≥45 mmHg was an independent risk factors for poor performance in delayed LMT, SSP, and between errors and strategy scores in SWM (OR=3.109, 3.941, 3.238 and 2.785, respectively, all P<0.05). Conclusion: Hypercapnia had negative impacts on logical memory and working memory of OSAHS patients, especially on the delayed logical memory, verbal working memory and spatial working memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Z J Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - C H Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Q J Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - R Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Brown DN, Kolomensky YG, Fritsch M, Koch H, Schroeder T, Cheaib R, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kozyrev EA, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Lankford AJ, Dey B, Gary JW, Long O, Eisner AM, Lockman WS, Panduro Vazquez W, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Kim J, Li Y, Lin DX, Miyashita TS, Ongmongkolkul P, Oyang J, Porter FC, Röhrken M, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Pushpawela BG, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Bernard D, Verderi M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Santoro V, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Martellotti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rotondo M, Zallo A, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Shuve BJ, Lacker HM, Bhuyan B, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Prell S, Gritsan AV, Arnaud N, Davier M, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Coleman JP, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Cowan G, Banerjee S, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Schubert KR, Barlow RJ, Lafferty GD, Cenci R, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Cowan R, Robertson SH, Seddon RM, Neri N, Palombo F, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Summers DJ, Taras P, De Nardo G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Jessop CP, LoSecco JM, Honscheid K, Kass R, Gaz A, Margoni M, Posocco M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Biasini M, Manoni E, Rossi A, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Chrzaszcz M, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Rama M, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Zani L, Smith AJS, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Pilloni A, Piredda G, Bünger C, Dittrich S, Grünberg O, Heß M, Leddig T, Voß C, Waldi R, Adye T, Wilson FF, Emery S, Vasseur G, Aston D, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Fulsom BG, Graham MT, Hast C, Innes WR, Kim P, Leith DWGS, Luitz S, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wisniewski WJ, Purohit MV, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Ahmed H, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Puccio EMT, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Schwitters RF, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, De Mori F, Filippi A, Gamba D, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Beaulieu A, Bernlochner FU, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lueck T, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sibidanov A, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Prepost R, Wu SL. Precision Measurement of the Ratio B(ϒ(3S)→τ^{+}τ^{-})/B(ϒ(3S)→μ^{+}μ^{-}). Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:241801. [PMID: 33412062 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.241801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on a precision measurement of the ratio R_{τμ}^{ϒ(3S)}=B(ϒ(3S)→τ^{+}τ^{-})/B(ϒ(3S)→μ^{+}μ^{-}) using data collected with the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II e^{+}e^{-} collider. The measurement is based on a 28 fb^{-1} data sample collected at a center-of-mass energy of 10.355 GeV corresponding to a sample of 122 million ϒ(3S) mesons. The ratio is measured to be R_{τμ}^{ϒ(3S)}=0.966±0.008_{stat}±0.014_{syst} and is in agreement with the standard model prediction of 0.9948 within 2 standard deviations. The uncertainty in R_{τμ}^{ϒ(3S)} is almost an order of magnitude smaller than the only previous measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Tisserand
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - E Grauges
- Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Fisica, Departament ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G Eigen
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - D N Brown
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu G Kolomensky
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Fritsch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - H Koch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Schroeder
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - R Cheaib
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - C Hearty
- Institute of Particle Physics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - T S Mattison
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - J A McKenna
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - R Y So
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - V E Blinov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - A R Buzykaev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V P Druzhinin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V B Golubev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kozyrev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kravchenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A P Onuchin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - S I Serednyakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yu I Skovpen
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E P Solodov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - K Yu Todyshev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A J Lankford
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - B Dey
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - J W Gary
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - O Long
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - A M Eisner
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W S Lockman
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W Panduro Vazquez
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - D S Chao
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C H Cheng
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Echenard
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K T Flood
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D G Hitlin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Kim
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y Li
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D X Lin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T S Miyashita
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Ongmongkolkul
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Oyang
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F C Porter
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Röhrken
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - B T Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | | | - M D Sokoloff
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - L Sun
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - J G Smith
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S R Wagner
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - D Bernard
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Verderi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Calabrese
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Fioravanti
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Santoro
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R de Sangro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Finocchiaro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Martellotti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - I M Peruzzi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Piccolo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Zallo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Passaggio
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | | | - B J Shuve
- Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California 91711, USA
| | - H M Lacker
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India
| | - U Mallik
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - C Chen
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J Cochran
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S Prell
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - A V Gritsan
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - N Arnaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Davier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - F Le Diberder
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - A M Lutz
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - G Wormser
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - D J Lange
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D M Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Coleman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - E Gabathuler
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D E Hutchcroft
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D J Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C Touramanis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A J Bevan
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - F Di Lodovico
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - R Sacco
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - G Cowan
- University of London, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Sw Banerjee
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - D N Brown
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - C L Davis
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - A G Denig
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Gradl
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Griessinger
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Hafner
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K R Schubert
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R J Barlow
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G D Lafferty
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Cenci
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D A Roberts
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Cowan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S H Robertson
- Institute of Particle Physics, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - R M Seddon
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Palombo
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - L Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - R Godang
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - D J Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Taras
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - G De Nardo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Sciacca
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Raven
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C P Jessop
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - J M LoSecco
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R Kass
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - A Gaz
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Margoni
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Posocco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Simonetto
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R Stroili
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Akar
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - E Ben-Haim
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Bomben
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G R Bonneaud
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Calderini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Chauveau
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Marchiori
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Ocariz
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Biasini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Manoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Batignani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Bettarini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Carpinelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Casarosa
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - F Forti
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Giorgi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Lusiani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Oberhof
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Paoloni
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Rama
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Rizzo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Zani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A J S Smith
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - F Anulli
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R Faccini
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Ferroni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Pilloni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - G Piredda
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Bünger
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Dittrich
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - O Grünberg
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Heß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Leddig
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - C Voß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - R Waldi
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Adye
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F F Wilson
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S Emery
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Vasseur
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Aston
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M R Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - J Dorfan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - W Dunwoodie
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M Ebert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - R C Field
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - B G Fulsom
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M T Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - W R Innes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - P Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D W G S Leith
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D R Muller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - H Neal
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - A Roodman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M K Sullivan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - W J Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M V Purohit
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J R Wilson
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - S J Sekula
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - H Ahmed
- St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada B2G 2W5
| | - M Bellis
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P R Burchat
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E M T Puccio
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M S Alam
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - J A Ernst
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - R Gorodeisky
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - N Guttman
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - D R Peimer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - A Soffer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - S M Spanier
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J L Ritchie
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - J M Izen
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - X C Lou
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - F Bianchi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F De Mori
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Filippi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - D Gamba
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - L Lanceri
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - L Vitale
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - A Oyanguren
- IFIC, Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Albert
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - A Beaulieu
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - F U Bernlochner
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - G J King
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R Kowalewski
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T Lueck
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - I M Nugent
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - J M Roney
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - A Sibidanov
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R J Sobie
- Institute of Particle Physics, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - N Tasneem
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T J Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - P F Harrison
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T E Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - R Prepost
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S L Wu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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15
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Brown DN, Kolomensky YG, Fritsch M, Koch H, Schroeder T, Cheaib R, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kozyrev EA, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Lankford AJ, Dey B, Gary JW, Long O, Eisner AM, Lockman WS, Panduro Vazquez W, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Kim J, Li Y, Lin DX, Miyashita TS, Ongmongkolkul P, Oyang J, Porter FC, Röhrken M, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Pushpawela BG, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Bernard D, Verderi M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Santoro V, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Martellotti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rotondo M, Zallo A, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Shuve BJ, Lacker HM, Bhuyan B, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Prell S, Gritsan AV, Arnaud N, Davier M, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Coleman JP, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Cowan G, Banerjee S, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Schubert KR, Barlow RJ, Lafferty GD, Cenci R, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Cowan R, Robertson SH, Seddon RM, Neri N, Palombo F, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Summers DJ, Taras P, De Nardo G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Jessop CP, LoSecco JM, Honscheid K, Kass R, Gaz A, Margoni M, Posocco M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Biasini M, Manoni E, Rossi A, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Chrzaszcz M, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Rama M, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Zani L, Smith AJS, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Pilloni A, Piredda G, Bünger C, Dittrich S, Grünberg O, Heß M, Leddig T, Voß C, Waldi R, Adye T, Wilson FF, Emery S, Vasseur G, Aston D, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Fulsom BG, Graham MT, Hast C, Innes WR, Kim P, Leith DWGS, Luitz S, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wisniewski WJ, Purohit MV, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Ahmed H, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Puccio EMT, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Schwitters RF, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, De Mori F, Filippi A, Gamba D, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Beaulieu A, Bernlochner FU, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lueck T, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Prepost R, Wu SL. Search for a Dark Leptophilic Scalar in e^{+}e^{-} Collisions. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:181801. [PMID: 33196250 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.181801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many scenarios of physics beyond the standard model predict the existence of new gauge singlets, which might be substantially lighter than the weak scale. The experimental constraints on additional scalars with masses in the MeV to GeV range could be significantly weakened if they interact predominantly with leptons rather than quarks. At an e^{+}e^{-} collider, such a leptophilic scalar (ϕ_{L}) would be produced predominantly through radiation from a τ lepton. We report herein a search for e^{+}e^{-}→τ^{+}τ^{-}ϕ_{L}, ϕ_{L}→ℓ^{+}ℓ^{-} (ℓ=e, μ) using data collected by the BABAR experiment at SLAC. No significant signal is observed, and we set limits on the ϕ_{L} coupling to leptons in the range 0.04<m_{ϕ_{L}}<7.0 GeV. These bounds significantly improve upon the current constraints, excluding almost entirely the parameter space favored by the observed discrepancy in the muon anomalous magnetic moment below 4 GeV at 90% confidence level.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Tisserand
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - E Grauges
- Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Fisica, Departament ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G Eigen
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - D N Brown
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu G Kolomensky
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Fritsch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - H Koch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Schroeder
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - R Cheaib
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - C Hearty
- Institute of Particle Physics, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - T S Mattison
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - J A McKenna
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - R Y So
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - V E Blinov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - A R Buzykaev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V P Druzhinin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V B Golubev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kozyrev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kravchenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A P Onuchin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - S I Serednyakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yu I Skovpen
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E P Solodov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - K Yu Todyshev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A J Lankford
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - B Dey
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - J W Gary
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - O Long
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - A M Eisner
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W S Lockman
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W Panduro Vazquez
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - D S Chao
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C H Cheng
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Echenard
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K T Flood
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D G Hitlin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Kim
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y Li
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D X Lin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T S Miyashita
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Ongmongkolkul
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Oyang
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F C Porter
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Röhrken
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - B T Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | | | - M D Sokoloff
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - L Sun
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - J G Smith
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S R Wagner
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - D Bernard
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Verderi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Calabrese
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Fioravanti
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Santoro
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R de Sangro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Finocchiaro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Martellotti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - I M Peruzzi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Piccolo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Zallo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Passaggio
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | | | - B J Shuve
- Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California 91711, USA
| | - H M Lacker
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India
| | - U Mallik
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - C Chen
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J Cochran
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S Prell
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - A V Gritsan
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - N Arnaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Davier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - F Le Diberder
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - A M Lutz
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - G Wormser
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - D J Lange
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D M Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Coleman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - E Gabathuler
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D E Hutchcroft
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D J Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C Touramanis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A J Bevan
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - F Di Lodovico
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - R Sacco
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - G Cowan
- University of London, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Sw Banerjee
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - D N Brown
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - C L Davis
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - A G Denig
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Gradl
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Griessinger
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Hafner
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K R Schubert
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R J Barlow
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G D Lafferty
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Cenci
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D A Roberts
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Cowan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S H Robertson
- Institute of Particle Physics, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - R M Seddon
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Palombo
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - L Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - R Godang
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - D J Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Taras
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - G De Nardo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Sciacca
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Raven
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C P Jessop
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - J M LoSecco
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R Kass
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - A Gaz
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Margoni
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Posocco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Simonetto
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R Stroili
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Akar
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - E Ben-Haim
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Bomben
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G R Bonneaud
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Calderini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Chauveau
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Marchiori
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Ocariz
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Biasini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Manoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Batignani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Bettarini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Carpinelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Casarosa
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - F Forti
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Giorgi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Lusiani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Oberhof
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Paoloni
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Rama
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Rizzo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Zani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A J S Smith
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - F Anulli
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R Faccini
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Ferroni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Pilloni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - G Piredda
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Bünger
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Dittrich
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - O Grünberg
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Heß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Leddig
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - C Voß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - R Waldi
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Adye
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F F Wilson
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S Emery
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Vasseur
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Aston
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M R Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - J Dorfan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - W Dunwoodie
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M Ebert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - R C Field
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - B G Fulsom
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M T Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - W R Innes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - P Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D W G S Leith
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D R Muller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - H Neal
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - A Roodman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M K Sullivan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - W J Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M V Purohit
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J R Wilson
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - S J Sekula
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - H Ahmed
- St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - M Bellis
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P R Burchat
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E M T Puccio
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M S Alam
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - J A Ernst
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - R Gorodeisky
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - N Guttman
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - D R Peimer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - A Soffer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - S M Spanier
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J L Ritchie
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - J M Izen
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - X C Lou
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - F Bianchi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F De Mori
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Filippi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - D Gamba
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - L Lanceri
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - L Vitale
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - A Oyanguren
- IFIC, Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Albert
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - A Beaulieu
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - F U Bernlochner
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - G J King
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R Kowalewski
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T Lueck
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - I M Nugent
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - J M Roney
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R J Sobie
- Institute of Particle Physics, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - N Tasneem
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T J Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - P F Harrison
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T E Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - R Prepost
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S L Wu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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16
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Cheng CH, Chow CL, Chow WK. Trajectories of large respiratory droplets in indoor environment: A simplified approach. Build Environ 2020; 183:107196. [PMID: 32836704 PMCID: PMC7431329 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The recent pandemic of COVID-19 has brought about tremendous impact on every aspect of human activities all over the world. The main route of transmission is believed to be through coronavirus-bearing respiratory droplets. The respiratory droplets have a wide spectrum in droplet size, ranging from very small droplets (aerosol droplets) to large droplets of tens and even hundreds of μm in size. The large droplets are expected to move like projectiles under the action of gravity force, buoyancy force and air resistance. Droplet motion is complicated by droplet evaporation, which reduces droplet size in its trajectory and affects the force acting on it. The present work attempts to determine the trajectories of the large droplets by using a simplified single-droplet approach. It aims at providing a clear physical picture to elucidate the mechanics involved in single droplet motion and the various factors affecting the range. Assuming an indoor environment with an air temperature of 18 °C and relative humidity of 50%, the horizontal rangeL x of large respiratory droplets (diameter 120 μm-200 μm) in common respiratory activities are as follows: Speaking,L x ≈ 0.16 m-0.68 m, coughing,L x ≈ 0.58 m-1.09 m, and sneezing,L x ≈ 1.34 m-2.76 m. For the smaller droplets (diameter < 100 μm), the droplets are reduced to aerosol droplets (≤5 μm) due to evaporation, and will remain suspended in the air instead of falling onto the ground like a projectile.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Cheng
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering City, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - C L Chow
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering City, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - W K Chow
- Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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17
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Brown DN, Kolomensky YG, Fritsch M, Koch H, Schroeder T, Cheaib R, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kozyrev EA, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Lankford AJ, Dey B, Gary JW, Long O, Eisner AM, Lockman WS, Panduro Vazquez W, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Kim J, Li Y, Miyashita TS, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Röhrken M, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Pushpawela BG, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Bernard D, Verderi M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Santoro V, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Martellotti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rotondo M, Zallo A, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Shuve BJ, Lacker HM, Bhuyan B, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Prell S, Gritsan AV, Arnaud N, Davier M, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Coleman JP, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Cowan G, Banerjee S, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Schubert KR, Barlow RJ, Lafferty GD, Cenci R, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Cowan R, Robertson SH, Seddon RM, Neri N, Palombo F, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Summers DJ, Taras P, De Nardo G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Jessop CP, LoSecco JM, Honscheid K, Kass R, Gaz A, Margoni M, Posocco M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Biasini M, Manoni E, Rossi A, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Chrzaszcz M, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Rama M, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Zani L, Smith AJS, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Pilloni A, Piredda G, Bünger C, Dittrich S, Grünberg O, Heß M, Leddig T, Voß C, Waldi R, Adye T, Wilson FF, Emery S, Vasseur G, Aston D, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Fulsom BG, Graham MT, Hast C, Innes WR, Kim P, Leith DWGS, Luitz S, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wisniewski WJ, Purohit MV, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Ahmed H, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Puccio EMT, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Schwitters RF, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, De Mori F, Filippi A, Gamba D, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Beaulieu A, Bernlochner FU, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lueck T, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Prepost R, Wu SL. Measurements of the Absolute Branching Fractions of B^{±}→K^{±}X_{cc[over ¯]}. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:152001. [PMID: 32357020 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.152001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A study of the two-body decays B^{±}→X_{cc[over ¯]}K^{±}, where X_{cc[over ¯]} refers to one charmonium state, is reported by the BABAR Collaboration using a data sample of 424 fb^{-1}. The absolute determination of branching fractions for these decays are significantly improved compared to previous BABAR measurements. Evidence is found for the decay B^{+}→X(3872)K^{+} at the 3σ level. The absolute branching fraction B[B^{+}→X(3872)K^{+}]=[2.1±0.6(stat)±0.3(syst)]×10^{-4} is measured for the first time. It follows that B[X(3872)→J/ψπ^{+}π^{-}]=(4.1±1.3)%, supporting the hypothesis of a molecular component for this resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Tisserand
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - E Grauges
- Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Fisica, Departament ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G Eigen
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - D N Brown
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu G Kolomensky
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Fritsch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - H Koch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Schroeder
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - R Cheaib
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - C Hearty
- Institute of Particle Physics, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - T S Mattison
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - J A McKenna
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - R Y So
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - V E Blinov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - A R Buzykaev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V P Druzhinin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V B Golubev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kozyrev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kravchenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A P Onuchin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - S I Serednyakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yu I Skovpen
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E P Solodov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - K Yu Todyshev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A J Lankford
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - B Dey
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - J W Gary
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - O Long
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - A M Eisner
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W S Lockman
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W Panduro Vazquez
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - D S Chao
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C H Cheng
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Echenard
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K T Flood
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D G Hitlin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Kim
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y Li
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T S Miyashita
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Ongmongkolkul
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F C Porter
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Röhrken
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - B T Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | | | - M D Sokoloff
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - L Sun
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - J G Smith
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S R Wagner
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - D Bernard
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Verderi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Calabrese
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Fioravanti
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Santoro
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R de Sangro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Finocchiaro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Martellotti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - I M Peruzzi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Piccolo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Zallo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Passaggio
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | | | - B J Shuve
- Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California 91711, USA
| | - H M Lacker
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India
| | - U Mallik
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - C Chen
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J Cochran
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S Prell
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - A V Gritsan
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - N Arnaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Davier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - F Le Diberder
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - A M Lutz
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - G Wormser
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - D J Lange
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D M Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Coleman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - E Gabathuler
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D E Hutchcroft
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D J Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C Touramanis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A J Bevan
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - F Di Lodovico
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - R Sacco
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - G Cowan
- University of London, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Sw Banerjee
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - D N Brown
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - C L Davis
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - A G Denig
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Gradl
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Griessinger
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Hafner
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K R Schubert
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R J Barlow
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G D Lafferty
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Cenci
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D A Roberts
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Cowan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S H Robertson
- Institute of Particle Physics, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - R M Seddon
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Palombo
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - L Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - R Godang
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - D J Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Taras
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - G De Nardo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Sciacca
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Raven
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C P Jessop
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - J M LoSecco
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R Kass
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - A Gaz
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Margoni
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Posocco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Simonetto
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R Stroili
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Akar
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - E Ben-Haim
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Bomben
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G R Bonneaud
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Calderini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Chauveau
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Marchiori
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Ocariz
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Biasini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Manoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Batignani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Bettarini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Carpinelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Casarosa
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - F Forti
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Giorgi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Lusiani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Oberhof
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Paoloni
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Rama
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Rizzo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Zani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A J S Smith
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - F Anulli
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R Faccini
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Ferroni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Pilloni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - G Piredda
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Bünger
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Dittrich
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - O Grünberg
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Heß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Leddig
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - C Voß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - R Waldi
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Adye
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F F Wilson
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S Emery
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Vasseur
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Aston
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M R Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J Dorfan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W Dunwoodie
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M Ebert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - R C Field
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B G Fulsom
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M T Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W R Innes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - P Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D W G S Leith
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D R Muller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - H Neal
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - A Roodman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M K Sullivan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W J Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M V Purohit
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J R Wilson
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - S J Sekula
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - H Ahmed
- St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - M Bellis
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P R Burchat
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E M T Puccio
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M S Alam
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - J A Ernst
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - R Gorodeisky
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - N Guttman
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - D R Peimer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - A Soffer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - S M Spanier
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J L Ritchie
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - J M Izen
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - X C Lou
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - F Bianchi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F De Mori
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Filippi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - D Gamba
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - L Lanceri
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - L Vitale
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - A Oyanguren
- IFIC, Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Albert
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - A Beaulieu
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - F U Bernlochner
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - G J King
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - R Kowalewski
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - T Lueck
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - I M Nugent
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - J M Roney
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - R J Sobie
- Institute of Particle Physics, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - N Tasneem
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - T J Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - P F Harrison
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T E Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - R Prepost
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S L Wu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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18
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Brown DN, Kolomensky YG, Fritsch M, Koch H, Schroeder T, Cheaib R, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kozyrev EA, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Lankford AJ, Dey B, Gary JW, Long O, Eisner AM, Lockman WS, Panduro Vazquez W, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Kim J, Li Y, Miyashita TS, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Röhrken M, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Pushpawela BG, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Bernard D, Verderi M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Santoro V, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Martellotti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rotondo M, Zallo A, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Shuve BJ, Lacker HM, Bhuyan B, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Prell S, Gritsan AV, Arnaud N, Davier M, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Coleman JP, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Cowan G, Banerjee S, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Schubert KR, Barlow RJ, Lafferty GD, Cenci R, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Cowan R, Robertson SH, Seddon RM, Neri N, Palombo F, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Summers DJ, Taras P, De Nardo G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Jessop CP, LoSecco JM, Honscheid K, Kass R, Gaz A, Margoni M, Posocco M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Biasini M, Manoni E, Rossi A, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Chrzaszcz M, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Rama M, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Zani L, Smith AJS, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Pilloni A, Piredda G, Bünger C, Dittrich S, Grünberg O, Heß M, Leddig T, Voß C, Waldi R, Adye T, Wilson FF, Emery S, Vasseur G, Aston D, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Fulsom BG, Graham MT, Hast C, Innes WR, Kim P, Leith DWGS, Luitz S, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wisniewski WJ, Purohit MV, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Ahmed H, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Puccio EMT, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Schwitters RF, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, De Mori F, Filippi A, Gamba D, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Beaulieu A, Bernlochner FU, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lueck T, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Prepost R, Wu SL. Search for Rare or Forbidden Decays of the D^{0} Meson. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:071802. [PMID: 32142319 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.071802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a search for nine lepton-number-violating and three lepton-flavor-violating neutral charm decays of the type D^{0}→h^{'-}h^{-}ℓ^{'+}ℓ^{+} and D^{0}→h^{'-}h^{+}ℓ^{'±}ℓ^{∓}, where h and h^{'} represent a K or π meson and ℓ and ℓ^{'} an electron or muon. The analysis is based on 468 fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} annihilation data collected at or close to the ϒ(4S) resonance with the BABAR detector at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. No significant signal is observed for any of the twelve modes, and we establish 90% confidence level upper limits on the branching fractions in the range (1.0-30.6)×10^{-7}. The limits are between 1 and 3 orders of magnitude more stringent than previous measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Tisserand
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - E Grauges
- Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Fisica, Departament ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G Eigen
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - D N Brown
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu G Kolomensky
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Fritsch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - H Koch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Schroeder
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - R Cheaib
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - C Hearty
- Institute of Particle Physics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - T S Mattison
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - J A McKenna
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - R Y So
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - V E Blinov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - A R Buzykaev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V P Druzhinin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V B Golubev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kozyrev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kravchenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A P Onuchin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - S I Serednyakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yu I Skovpen
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E P Solodov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - K Yu Todyshev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A J Lankford
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - B Dey
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - J W Gary
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - O Long
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - A M Eisner
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W S Lockman
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W Panduro Vazquez
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - D S Chao
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C H Cheng
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Echenard
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K T Flood
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D G Hitlin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Kim
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y Li
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T S Miyashita
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Ongmongkolkul
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F C Porter
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Röhrken
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - B T Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | | | - M D Sokoloff
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - L Sun
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - J G Smith
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S R Wagner
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - D Bernard
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Verderi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Calabrese
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Fioravanti
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Santoro
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R de Sangro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Finocchiaro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Martellotti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - I M Peruzzi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Piccolo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Zallo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Passaggio
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | | | - B J Shuve
- Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California 91711, USA
| | - H M Lacker
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India
| | - U Mallik
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - C Chen
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J Cochran
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S Prell
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - A V Gritsan
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - N Arnaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Davier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - F Le Diberder
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - A M Lutz
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - G Wormser
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - D J Lange
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D M Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Coleman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - E Gabathuler
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D E Hutchcroft
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D J Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C Touramanis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A J Bevan
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - F Di Lodovico
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - R Sacco
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - G Cowan
- University of London, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Sw Banerjee
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - D N Brown
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - C L Davis
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - A G Denig
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Gradl
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Griessinger
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Hafner
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K R Schubert
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R J Barlow
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G D Lafferty
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Cenci
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D A Roberts
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Cowan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S H Robertson
- Institute of Particle Physics, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - R M Seddon
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Palombo
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - L Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - R Godang
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - D J Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Taras
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - G De Nardo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Sciacca
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Raven
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C P Jessop
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - J M LoSecco
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R Kass
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - A Gaz
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Margoni
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Posocco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Simonetto
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R Stroili
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Akar
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - E Ben-Haim
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Bomben
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G R Bonneaud
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Calderini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Chauveau
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Marchiori
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Ocariz
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Biasini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Manoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Batignani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Bettarini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Carpinelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Casarosa
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - F Forti
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Giorgi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Lusiani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Oberhof
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Paoloni
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Rama
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Rizzo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Zani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A J S Smith
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - F Anulli
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R Faccini
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Ferroni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Pilloni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - G Piredda
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Bünger
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Dittrich
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - O Grünberg
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Heß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Leddig
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - C Voß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - R Waldi
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Adye
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F F Wilson
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S Emery
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Vasseur
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Aston
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M R Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - J Dorfan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - W Dunwoodie
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M Ebert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - R C Field
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - B G Fulsom
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M T Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - W R Innes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - P Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D W G S Leith
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D R Muller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - H Neal
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - A Roodman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M K Sullivan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - W J Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M V Purohit
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J R Wilson
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - S J Sekula
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - H Ahmed
- St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada B2G 2W5
| | - M Bellis
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P R Burchat
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E M T Puccio
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M S Alam
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - J A Ernst
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - R Gorodeisky
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - N Guttman
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - D R Peimer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - A Soffer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - S M Spanier
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J L Ritchie
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - J M Izen
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - X C Lou
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - F Bianchi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F De Mori
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Filippi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - D Gamba
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - L Lanceri
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - L Vitale
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - A Oyanguren
- IFIC, Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Albert
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - A Beaulieu
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - F U Bernlochner
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - G J King
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R Kowalewski
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T Lueck
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - I M Nugent
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - J M Roney
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R J Sobie
- Institute of Particle Physics, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - N Tasneem
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T J Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - P F Harrison
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T E Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - R Prepost
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S L Wu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Chen YL, Liou GL, Hsu HH, Chen PC, Zheng ZW, Wu YH, Cheng CH, Liu CH, Chung LH. Low-Voltage Metal-Oxide Thin Film Transistors Using P-Type Tin-Oxide Semiconductors. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2019; 19:5619-5623. [PMID: 30961716 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2019.16563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the effect of channel annealing and oxygen flow rate in P-type tin-monoxide (SnO) thin film transistor (TFT) was investigated to reach the process compatibility with n-type oxide-based TFT. The optimized P-type SnO TFT with a small threshold voltage of -0.1 V, a high field-effect mobility of 4 cm² V-1 s-1 and an on/off current ratio of >10² was proposed. From the experimental results, the 150 °C channel annealing revealed a metallic behavior but a semiconductor-like property at a higher 200 °C that was favorable for transistor rectification. Besides, the higher oxygen flow rate was also helpful for improving device mobility and driving current, but shows a slight increase in off-state leakage, which is unavoidable due to the increase of grain in SnO channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Chen
- Department of Mechatronic Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 10610, Taiwan
| | - G L Liou
- Department of Mechatronic Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 10610, Taiwan
| | - H H Hsu
- Department of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - P C Chen
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Z W Zheng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Y H Wu
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - C H Cheng
- Department of Mechatronic Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 10610, Taiwan
| | - C H Liu
- Department of Mechatronic Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 10610, Taiwan
| | - L H Chung
- Department of Mechatronic Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 10610, Taiwan
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Brown DN, Kolomensky YG, Fritsch M, Koch H, Schroeder T, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kozyrev EA, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Lankford AJ, Dey B, Gary JW, Long O, Eisner AM, Lockman WS, Panduro Vazquez W, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Kim J, Li Y, Miyashita TS, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Röhrken M, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Pushpawela BG, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Bernard D, Verderi M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Santoro V, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Martellotti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rotondo M, Zallo A, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Lacker HM, Bhuyan B, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Prell S, Gritsan AV, Arnaud N, Davier M, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Coleman JP, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Cowan G, Banerjee S, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Schubert KR, Barlow RJ, Lafferty GD, Cenci R, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Cowan R, Robertson SH, Seddon RM, Neri N, Palombo F, Cheaib R, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Summers DJ, Taras P, De Nardo G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Jessop CP, LoSecco JM, Honscheid K, Kass R, Gaz A, Margoni M, Posocco M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Biasini M, Manoni E, Rossi A, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Chrzaszcz M, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Rama M, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Zani L, Smith AJS, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Pilloni A, Piredda G, Bünger C, Dittrich S, Grünberg O, Heß M, Leddig T, Voß C, Waldi R, Adye T, Wilson FF, Emery S, Vasseur G, Aston D, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Fulsom BG, Graham MT, Hast C, Innes WR, Kim P, Leith DWGS, Luitz S, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wisniewski WJ, Purohit MV, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Ahmed H, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Puccio EMT, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Schwitters RF, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, De Mori F, Filippi A, Gamba D, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Beaulieu A, Bernlochner FU, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lueck T, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Prepost R, Wu SL. Extraction of form Factors from a Four-Dimensional Angular Analysis of B[over ¯]→D^{*}ℓ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{ℓ}. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:091801. [PMID: 31524470 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.091801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An angular analysis of the decay B[over ¯]→D^{*}ℓ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{ℓ}, ℓ∈{e,μ}, is reported using the full e^{+}e^{-} collision data set collected by the BABAR experiment at the ϒ(4S) resonance. One B meson from the ϒ(4S)→BB[over ¯] decay is fully reconstructed in a hadronic decay mode, which constrains the kinematics and provides a determination of the neutrino momentum vector. The kinematics of the semileptonic decay is described by the dilepton mass squared, q^{2}, and three angles. The first unbinned fit to the full four-dimensional decay rate in the standard model is performed in the so-called Boyd-Grinstein-Lebed approach, which employs a generic q^{2} parametrization of the underlying form factors based on crossing symmetry, analyticity, and QCD dispersion relations for the amplitudes. A fit using the more model-dependent Caprini-Lellouch-Neubert (CLN) approach is performed as well. Our form factor shapes show deviations from previous fits based on the CLN parametrization. The latest form factors also provide an updated prediction for the branching fraction ratio R(D^{*})≡B(B[over ¯]→D^{*}τ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{τ})/B(B[over ¯]→D^{*}ℓ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{ℓ})=0.253±0.005. Finally, using the well-measured branching fraction for the B[over ¯]→D^{*}ℓ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{ℓ} decay, a value of |V_{cb}|=(38.36±0.90)×10^{-3} is obtained that is consistent with the current world average for exclusive B[over ¯]→D^{(*)}ℓ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{ℓ} decays and remains in tension with the determination from inclusive semileptonic B decays to final states with charm.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Tisserand
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - E Grauges
- Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Fisica, Departament ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G Eigen
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - D N Brown
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu G Kolomensky
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Fritsch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - H Koch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Schroeder
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - C Hearty
- Institute of Particle Physics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - T S Mattison
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - J A McKenna
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - R Y So
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - V E Blinov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - A R Buzykaev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V P Druzhinin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V B Golubev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kozyrev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kravchenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A P Onuchin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - S I Serednyakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yu I Skovpen
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E P Solodov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - K Yu Todyshev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A J Lankford
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - B Dey
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - J W Gary
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - O Long
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - A M Eisner
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W S Lockman
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W Panduro Vazquez
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - D S Chao
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C H Cheng
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Echenard
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K T Flood
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D G Hitlin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Kim
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y Li
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T S Miyashita
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Ongmongkolkul
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F C Porter
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Röhrken
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - B T Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | | | - M D Sokoloff
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - L Sun
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - J G Smith
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S R Wagner
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - D Bernard
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Verderi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Calabrese
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Fioravanti
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Santoro
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R de Sangro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Finocchiaro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Martellotti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - I M Peruzzi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Piccolo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Zallo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Passaggio
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | | | - H M Lacker
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781 039, India
| | - U Mallik
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - C Chen
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J Cochran
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S Prell
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - A V Gritsan
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - N Arnaud
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - M Davier
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - F Le Diberder
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - A M Lutz
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - G Wormser
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D J Lange
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D M Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Coleman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - E Gabathuler
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D E Hutchcroft
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D J Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C Touramanis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A J Bevan
- Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - F Di Lodovico
- Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - R Sacco
- Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - G Cowan
- University of London, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Sw Banerjee
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - D N Brown
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - C L Davis
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - A G Denig
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Gradl
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Griessinger
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Hafner
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K R Schubert
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R J Barlow
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G D Lafferty
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Cenci
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D A Roberts
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Cowan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S H Robertson
- Institute of Particle Physics, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - R M Seddon
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Palombo
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - R Cheaib
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - L Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - R Godang
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - D J Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Taras
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - G De Nardo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Sciacca
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Raven
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C P Jessop
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - J M LoSecco
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R Kass
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - A Gaz
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Margoni
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Posocco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Simonetto
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R Stroili
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Akar
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - E Ben-Haim
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Bomben
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G R Bonneaud
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Calderini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Chauveau
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Marchiori
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Ocariz
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Biasini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Manoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Batignani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Bettarini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Carpinelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Casarosa
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - F Forti
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Giorgi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Lusiani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Oberhof
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Paoloni
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Rama
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Rizzo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Zani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A J S Smith
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - F Anulli
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R Faccini
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Ferroni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Pilloni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - G Piredda
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Bünger
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Dittrich
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - O Grünberg
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Heß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Leddig
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - C Voß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - R Waldi
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Adye
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F F Wilson
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S Emery
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Vasseur
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Aston
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M R Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J Dorfan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W Dunwoodie
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M Ebert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - R C Field
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B G Fulsom
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M T Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W R Innes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - P Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D W G S Leith
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D R Muller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - H Neal
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - A Roodman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M K Sullivan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W J Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M V Purohit
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J R Wilson
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - S J Sekula
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - H Ahmed
- St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada B2G 2W5
| | - M Bellis
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P R Burchat
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E M T Puccio
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M S Alam
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - J A Ernst
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - R Gorodeisky
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - N Guttman
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - D R Peimer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - A Soffer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - S M Spanier
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J L Ritchie
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - J M Izen
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - X C Lou
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - F Bianchi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F De Mori
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Filippi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - D Gamba
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - L Lanceri
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - L Vitale
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - A Oyanguren
- IFIC, Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Albert
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - A Beaulieu
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - F U Bernlochner
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - G J King
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R Kowalewski
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T Lueck
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - I M Nugent
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - J M Roney
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R J Sobie
- Institute of Particle Physics, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - N Tasneem
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T J Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - P F Harrison
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T E Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - R Prepost
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S L Wu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Abstract
Asymptomatic emphysematous pyelonephritis is a rare but potentially life-threatening disease. Diabetes mellitus is the most recognised risk factor. Aim of this case report is to review evidence of emphysematous pyelonephritis to identify risk factors and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amh Yeung
- Department of Surgery, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - C H Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Psk Chu
- Department of Surgery, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - C W Man
- Department of Surgery, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - H Chau
- Department of Surgery, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong
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22
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Brown DN, Kolomensky YG, Fritsch M, Koch H, Schroeder T, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kozyrev EA, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Lankford AJ, Gary JW, Long O, Eisner AM, Lockman WS, Panduro Vazquez W, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Kim J, Li Y, Miyashita TS, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Röhrken M, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Pushpawela BG, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Bernard D, Verderi M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Santoro V, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Martellotti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rotondo M, Zallo A, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Lacker HM, Bhuyan B, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Prell S, Gritsan AV, Arnaud N, Davier M, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Coleman JP, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Cowan G, Banerjee S, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Schubert KR, Barlow RJ, Lafferty GD, Cenci R, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Cowan R, Robertson SH, Seddon RM, Dey B, Neri N, Palombo F, Cheaib R, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Summers DJ, Taras P, De Nardo G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Jessop CP, LoSecco JM, Honscheid K, Kass R, Gaz A, Margoni M, Posocco M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Biasini M, Manoni E, Rossi A, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Chrzaszcz M, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Rama M, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Zani L, Smith AJS, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Pilloni A, Piredda G, Bünger C, Dittrich S, Grünberg O, Heß M, Leddig T, Voß C, Waldi R, Adye T, Wilson FF, Emery S, Vasseur G, Aston D, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Fulsom BG, Graham MT, Hast C, Innes WR, Kim P, Leith DWGS, Luitz S, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wisniewski WJ, Purohit MV, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Ahmed H, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Puccio EMT, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Schwitters RF, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, De Mori F, Filippi A, Gamba D, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Beaulieu A, Bernlochner FU, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lueck T, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Prepost R, Wu SL. Observation of the Decay D^{0}→K^{-}π^{+}e^{+}e^{-}. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:081802. [PMID: 30932586 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.081802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of the rare charm decay D^{0}→K^{-}π^{+}e^{+}e^{-}, based on 468 fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} annihilation data collected at or close to the center-of-mass energy of the ϒ(4S) resonance with the BABAR detector at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. We find the branching fraction in the invariant mass range 0.675<m(e^{+}e^{-})<0.875 GeV/c^{2} of the electron-positron pair to be B(D^{0}→K^{-}π^{+}e^{+}e^{-})=(4.0±0.5±0.2±0.1)×10^{-6}, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic, and the third due to the uncertainty in the branching fraction of the decay D^{0}→K^{-}π^{+}π^{+}π^{-} used as a normalization mode. The significance of the observation corresponds to 9.7 standard deviations including systematic uncertainties. This result is consistent with the recently reported D^{0}→K^{-}π^{+}μ^{+}μ^{-} branching fraction, measured in the same invariant mass range, and with the value expected in the standard model. In a set of regions of m(e^{+}e^{-}), where long-distance effects are potentially small, we determine a 90% confidence level upper limit on the branching fraction B(D^{0}→K^{-}π^{+}e^{+}e^{-})<3.1×10^{-6}.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Tisserand
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - E Grauges
- Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Fisica, Departament ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G Eigen
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - D N Brown
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu G Kolomensky
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Fritsch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - H Koch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Schroeder
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - C Hearty
- Institute of Particle Physics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - T S Mattison
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - J A McKenna
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - R Y So
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - V E Blinov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - A R Buzykaev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V P Druzhinin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V B Golubev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kozyrev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kravchenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A P Onuchin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - S I Serednyakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yu I Skovpen
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E P Solodov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - K Yu Todyshev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A J Lankford
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - J W Gary
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - O Long
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - A M Eisner
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W S Lockman
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W Panduro Vazquez
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - D S Chao
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C H Cheng
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Echenard
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K T Flood
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D G Hitlin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Kim
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y Li
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T S Miyashita
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Ongmongkolkul
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F C Porter
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Röhrken
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - B T Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | | | - M D Sokoloff
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - L Sun
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - J G Smith
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S R Wagner
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - D Bernard
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Verderi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Calabrese
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Fioravanti
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Santoro
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R de Sangro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Finocchiaro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Martellotti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - I M Peruzzi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Piccolo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Zallo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Passaggio
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | | | - H M Lacker
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781 039, India
| | - U Mallik
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - C Chen
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J Cochran
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S Prell
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - A V Gritsan
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - N Arnaud
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - M Davier
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - F Le Diberder
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - A M Lutz
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - G Wormser
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D J Lange
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D M Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Coleman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - E Gabathuler
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D E Hutchcroft
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D J Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C Touramanis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A J Bevan
- Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - F Di Lodovico
- Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - R Sacco
- Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - G Cowan
- University of London, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Sw Banerjee
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - D N Brown
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - C L Davis
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - A G Denig
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Gradl
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Griessinger
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Hafner
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K R Schubert
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R J Barlow
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G D Lafferty
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Cenci
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D A Roberts
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Cowan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S H Robertson
- Institute of Particle Physics, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - R M Seddon
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - B Dey
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Palombo
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - R Cheaib
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - L Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - R Godang
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - D J Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Taras
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - G De Nardo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Sciacca
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Raven
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C P Jessop
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - J M LoSecco
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R Kass
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - A Gaz
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Margoni
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Posocco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Simonetto
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R Stroili
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Akar
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - E Ben-Haim
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Bomben
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G R Bonneaud
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Calderini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Chauveau
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Marchiori
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Ocariz
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Biasini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Manoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Batignani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Bettarini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Carpinelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Casarosa
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - F Forti
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Giorgi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Lusiani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Oberhof
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Paoloni
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Rama
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Rizzo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Zani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A J S Smith
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - F Anulli
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R Faccini
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Ferroni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Pilloni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - G Piredda
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Bünger
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Dittrich
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - O Grünberg
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Heß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Leddig
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - C Voß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - R Waldi
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Adye
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F F Wilson
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S Emery
- CEA, Irfu, SPP, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Vasseur
- CEA, Irfu, SPP, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Aston
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M R Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J Dorfan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W Dunwoodie
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M Ebert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - R C Field
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B G Fulsom
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M T Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W R Innes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - P Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D W G S Leith
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D R Muller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - H Neal
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - A Roodman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M K Sullivan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W J Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M V Purohit
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J R Wilson
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - S J Sekula
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - H Ahmed
- St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada B2G 2W5
| | - M Bellis
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P R Burchat
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E M T Puccio
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M S Alam
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - J A Ernst
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - R Gorodeisky
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - N Guttman
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - D R Peimer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - A Soffer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - S M Spanier
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J L Ritchie
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - J M Izen
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - X C Lou
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - F Bianchi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F De Mori
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Filippi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - D Gamba
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - L Lanceri
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - L Vitale
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - A Oyanguren
- IFIC, Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Albert
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - A Beaulieu
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - F U Bernlochner
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - G J King
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R Kowalewski
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T Lueck
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - I M Nugent
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - J M Roney
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R J Sobie
- Institute of Particle Physics, Canada V8W 3P6
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - N Tasneem
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T J Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - P F Harrison
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T E Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - R Prepost
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S L Wu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Brown DN, Kolomensky YG, Fritsch M, Koch H, Schroeder T, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kozyrev EA, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Lankford AJ, Gary JW, Long O, Eisner AM, Lockman WS, Panduro Vazquez W, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Kim J, Li Y, Miyashita TS, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Röhrken M, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Pushpawela BG, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Bernard D, Verderi M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Santoro V, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Martellotti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rotondo M, Zallo A, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Lacker HM, Bhuyan B, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Prell S, Gritsan AV, Arnaud N, Davier M, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Coleman JP, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Cowan G, Banerjee S, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Schubert KR, Barlow RJ, Lafferty GD, Cenci R, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Cowan R, Robertson SH, Seddon RM, Dey B, Neri N, Palombo F, Cheaib R, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Summers DJ, Taras P, De Nardo G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Jessop CP, LoSecco JM, Honscheid K, Kass R, Gaz A, Margoni M, Posocco M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Biasini M, Manoni E, Rossi A, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Chrzaszcz M, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Rama M, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Zani L, Smith AJS, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Pilloni A, Piredda G, Bünger C, Dittrich S, Grünberg O, Heß M, Leddig T, Voß C, Waldi R, Adye T, Wilson FF, Emery S, Vasseur G, Aston D, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Fulsom BG, Graham MT, Hast C, Innes WR, Kim P, Leith DWGS, Luitz S, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wisniewski WJ, Purohit MV, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Ahmed H, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Puccio EMT, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Schwitters RF, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, De Mori F, Filippi A, Gamba D, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Beaulieu A, Bernlochner FU, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lueck T, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Prepost R, Wu SL. Search for a Stable Six-Quark State at BABAR. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:072002. [PMID: 30848619 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.072002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent investigations have suggested that the six-quark combination uuddss could be a deeply bound state (S) that has eluded detection so far, and a potential dark matter candidate. We report the first search for a stable, doubly strange six-quark state in ϒ→SΛ[over ¯]Λ[over ¯] decays based on a sample of 90×10^{6}ϒ(2S) and 110×10^{6}ϒ(3S) decays collected by the BABAR experiment. No signal is observed, and 90% confidence level limits on the combined ϒ(2S,3S)→SΛ[over ¯]Λ[over ¯] branching fraction in the range (1.2-1.4)×10^{-7} are derived for m_{S}<2.05 GeV. These bounds set stringent limits on the existence of such exotic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Tisserand
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - E Grauges
- Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Fisica, Departament ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G Eigen
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - D N Brown
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu G Kolomensky
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Fritsch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - H Koch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Schroeder
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - C Hearty
- Institute of Particle Physics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - T S Mattison
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - J A McKenna
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - R Y So
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - V E Blinov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - A R Buzykaev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V P Druzhinin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V B Golubev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kozyrev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kravchenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A P Onuchin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - S I Serednyakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yu I Skovpen
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E P Solodov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - K Yu Todyshev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A J Lankford
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - J W Gary
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - O Long
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - A M Eisner
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W S Lockman
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W Panduro Vazquez
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - D S Chao
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C H Cheng
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Echenard
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K T Flood
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D G Hitlin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Kim
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y Li
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T S Miyashita
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Ongmongkolkul
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F C Porter
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Röhrken
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - B T Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | | | - M D Sokoloff
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - L Sun
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - J G Smith
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S R Wagner
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - D Bernard
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Verderi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Calabrese
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Fioravanti
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Santoro
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R de Sangro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Finocchiaro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Martellotti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - I M Peruzzi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Piccolo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Zallo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Passaggio
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | | | - H M Lacker
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781 039, India
| | - U Mallik
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - C Chen
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J Cochran
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S Prell
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - A V Gritsan
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - N Arnaud
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - M Davier
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - F Le Diberder
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - A M Lutz
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - G Wormser
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D J Lange
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D M Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Coleman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - E Gabathuler
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D E Hutchcroft
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D J Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C Touramanis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A J Bevan
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - F Di Lodovico
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - R Sacco
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - G Cowan
- University of London, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Sw Banerjee
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - D N Brown
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - C L Davis
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - A G Denig
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Gradl
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Griessinger
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Hafner
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K R Schubert
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R J Barlow
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G D Lafferty
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Cenci
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D A Roberts
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Cowan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S H Robertson
- Institute of Particle Physics, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - R M Seddon
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - B Dey
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Palombo
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - R Cheaib
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - L Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - R Godang
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - D J Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Taras
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - G De Nardo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Sciacca
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Raven
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C P Jessop
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - J M LoSecco
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R Kass
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - A Gaz
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Margoni
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Posocco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Simonetto
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R Stroili
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Akar
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - E Ben-Haim
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Bomben
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G R Bonneaud
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Calderini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Chauveau
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Marchiori
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Ocariz
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Biasini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Manoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Batignani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Bettarini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Carpinelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Casarosa
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - F Forti
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Giorgi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Lusiani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Oberhof
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Paoloni
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Rama
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Rizzo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Zani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A J S Smith
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - F Anulli
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R Faccini
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Ferroni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Pilloni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - G Piredda
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Bünger
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Dittrich
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - O Grünberg
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Heß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Leddig
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - C Voß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - R Waldi
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Adye
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F F Wilson
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S Emery
- CEA, Irfu, SPP, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Vasseur
- CEA, Irfu, SPP, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Aston
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M R Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J Dorfan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W Dunwoodie
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M Ebert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - R C Field
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B G Fulsom
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M T Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W R Innes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - P Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D W G S Leith
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D R Muller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - H Neal
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - A Roodman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M K Sullivan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W J Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M V Purohit
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J R Wilson
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - S J Sekula
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - H Ahmed
- St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada B2G 2W5
| | - M Bellis
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P R Burchat
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E M T Puccio
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M S Alam
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - J A Ernst
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - R Gorodeisky
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - N Guttman
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - D R Peimer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - A Soffer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - S M Spanier
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J L Ritchie
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - J M Izen
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - X C Lou
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - F Bianchi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F De Mori
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Filippi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - D Gamba
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - L Lanceri
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - L Vitale
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - A Oyanguren
- IFIC, Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Albert
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - A Beaulieu
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - F U Bernlochner
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - G J King
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R Kowalewski
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T Lueck
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - I M Nugent
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - J M Roney
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R J Sobie
- Institute of Particle Physics, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - N Tasneem
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T J Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - P F Harrison
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T E Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - R Prepost
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S L Wu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Adachi I, Adye T, Ahmed H, Ahn JK, Aihara H, Akar S, Alam MS, Albert J, Anulli F, Arnaud N, Asner DM, Aston D, Atmacan H, Aushev T, Ayad R, Babu V, Badhrees I, Bakich AM, Banerjee S, Bansal V, Barlow RJ, Batignani G, Beaulieu A, Behera P, Bellis M, Ben-Haim E, Bernard D, Bernlochner FU, Bettarini S, Bettoni D, Bevan AJ, Bhardwaj V, Bhuyan B, Bianchi F, Biasini M, Biswal J, Blinov VE, Bomben M, Bondar A, Bonneaud GR, Bozek A, Bozzi C, Bračko M, Browder TE, Brown DN, Brown DN, Bünger C, Burchat PR, Buzykaev AR, Calabrese R, Calcaterra A, Calderini G, Di Carlo S, Carpinelli M, Cartaro C, Casarosa G, Cenci R, Chao DS, Chauveau J, Cheaib R, Chen A, Chen C, Cheng CH, Cheon BG, Chilikin K, Cho K, Choi Y, Choudhury S, Chrzaszcz M, Cibinetto G, Cinabro D, Cochran J, Coleman JP, Convery MR, Cowan G, Cowan R, Cremaldi L, Cunliffe S, Dash N, Davier M, Davis CL, De Mori F, De Nardo G, Denig AG, de Sangro R, Dey B, Di Lodovico F, Dittrich S, Doležal Z, Dorfan J, Drásal Z, Druzhinin VP, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Echenard B, Eidelman S, Eigen G, Eisner AM, Emery S, Epifanov D, Ernst JA, Faccini R, Fast JE, Feindt M, Ferber T, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Field RC, Filippi A, Finocchiaro G, Fioravanti E, Flood KT, Forti F, Fritsch M, Fulsom BG, Gabathuler E, Gamba D, Garg R, Garmash A, Gary JW, Garzia I, Gaur V, Gaz A, Gelb M, Gershon TJ, Li Gioi L, Giorgi MA, Giri A, Godang R, Goldenzweig P, Golob B, Golubev VB, Gorodeisky R, Gradl W, Graham MT, Grauges E, Griessinger K, Gritsan AV, Grünberg O, Guan Y, Guido E, Guttman N, Haba J, Hafner A, Hara T, Harrison PF, Hast C, Hayasaka K, Hayashii H, Hearty C, Heck M, Hedges MT, Heß M, Hirose S, Hitlin DG, Honscheid K, Hou WS, Hsu CL, Huard Z, Van Hulse C, Hutchcroft DE, Inami K, Inguglia G, Innes WR, Ishikawa A, Itoh R, Iwasaki M, Iwasaki Y, Izen JM, Jacobs WW, Jawahery A, Jessop CP, Jia S, Jin Y, Joo KK, Julius T, Kaliyar AB, Kang KH, Karyan G, Kass R, Kichimi H, Kim DY, Kim JB, Kim KT, Kim SH, Kim J, Kim P, King GJ, Kinoshita K, Koch H, Kodyš P, Kolomensky YG, Korpar S, Kotchetkov D, Kowalewski R, Kravchenko EA, Križan P, Kroeger R, Krokovny P, Kuhr T, Kulasiri R, Kumita T, Kuzmin A, Kwon YJ, Lacker HM, Lafferty GD, Lanceri L, Lange JS, Lange DJ, Lankford AJ, Latham TE, Leddig T, Le Diberder F, Lee IS, Lee SC, Lees JP, Leith DWGS, Li LK, Li YB, Li Y, Libby J, Liventsev D, Lockman WS, Long O, LoSecco JM, Lou XC, Lubej M, Lueck T, Luitz S, Luo T, Luppi E, Lusiani A, Lutz AM, MacFarlane DB, MacNaughton J, Mallik U, Manoni E, Marchiori G, Margoni M, Martellotti S, Martinez-Vidal F, Masuda M, Matsuda T, Mattison TS, Matvienko D, McKenna JA, Meadows BT, Merola M, Miyabayashi K, Miyashita TS, Miyata H, Mizuk R, Mohanty GB, Moon HK, Mori T, Muller DR, Müller T, Mussa R, Nakano E, Nakao M, Nanut T, Nath KJ, Nayak M, Neal H, Neri N, Nisar NK, Nishida S, Nugent IM, Oberhof B, Ocariz J, Ogawa S, Ongmongkolkul P, Ono H, Onuchin AP, Onuki Y, Oyanguren A, Pakhlov P, Pakhlova G, Pal B, Palano A, Palombo F, Panduro Vazquez W, Paoloni E, Pardi S, Park H, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Patteri P, Paul S, Pavelkin I, Payne DJ, Pedlar TK, Peimer DR, Peruzzi IM, Pestotnik R, Piccolo M, Piilonen LE, Pilloni A, Piredda G, Poireau V, Popov V, Porter FC, Posocco M, Prell S, Prepost R, Puccio EMT, Purohit MV, Pushpawela BG, Rama M, Randle-Conde A, Ratcliff BN, Raven G, Resmi PK, Ritchie JL, Ritter M, Rizzo G, Roberts DA, Robertson SH, Röhrken M, Roney JM, Roodman A, Rossi A, Rotondo M, Rozanska M, Russo G, Sacco R, Al Said S, Sakai Y, Salehi M, Sandilya S, Santelj L, Santoro V, Sanuki T, Savinov V, Schneider O, Schnell G, Schroeder T, Schubert KR, Schwanda C, Schwartz AJ, Schwitters RF, Sciacca C, Seddon RM, Seino Y, Sekula SJ, Senyo K, Seon O, Serednyakov SI, Sevior ME, Shebalin V, Shen CP, Shibata TA, Shimizu N, Shiu JG, Simi G, Simon F, Simonetto F, Skovpen YI, Smith JG, Smith AJS, So RY, Sobie RJ, Soffer A, Sokoloff MD, Solodov EP, Solovieva E, Spanier SM, Starič M, Stroili R, Sullivan MK, Sumisawa K, Sumiyoshi T, Summers DJ, Sun L, Takizawa M, Tamponi U, Tanida K, Taras P, Tasneem N, Tenchini F, Tisserand V, Todyshevx KY, Touramanis C, Uchida M, Uglov T, Unno Y, Uno S, Vahsen SE, Varner G, Vasseur G, Va'vra J, Červenkov D, Verderi M, Vitale L, Vorobyev V, Voß C, Wagner SR, Waheed E, Waldi R, Walsh JJ, Wang B, Wang CH, Wang MZ, Wang P, Watanabe Y, Wilson FF, Wilson JR, Wisniewski WJ, Won E, Wormser G, Wright DM, Wu SL, Ye H, Yuan CZ, Yusa Y, Zakharov S, Zallo A, Zani L, Zhang ZP, Zhilich V, Zhukova V, Zhulanov V, Zupanc A. First Evidence for cos2β>0 and Resolution of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Quark-Mixing Unitarity Triangle Ambiguity. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:261801. [PMID: 30636113 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.261801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present first evidence that the cosine of the CP-violating weak phase 2β is positive, and hence exclude trigonometric multifold solutions of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) Unitarity Triangle using a time-dependent Dalitz plot analysis of B^{0}→D^{(*)}h^{0} with D→K_{S}^{0}π^{+}π^{-} decays, where h^{0}∈{π^{0},η,ω} denotes a light unflavored and neutral hadron. The measurement is performed combining the final data sets of the BABAR and Belle experiments collected at the ϒ(4S) resonance at the asymmetric-energy B factories PEP-II at SLAC and KEKB at KEK, respectively. The data samples contain (471±3)×10^{6}BB[over ¯] pairs recorded by the BABAR detector and (772±11)×10^{6}BB[over ¯] pairs recorded by the Belle detector. The results of the measurement are sin2β=0.80±0.14(stat)±0.06(syst)±0.03(model) and cos2β=0.91±0.22(stat)±0.09(syst)±0.07(model). The result for the direct measurement of the angle β of the CKM Unitarity Triangle is β=[22.5±4.4(stat)±1.2(syst)±0.6(model)]°. The measurement assumes no direct CP violation in B^{0}→D^{(*)}h^{0} decays. The quoted model uncertainties are due to the composition of the D^{0}→K_{S}^{0}π^{+}π^{-} decay amplitude model, which is newly established by performing a Dalitz plot amplitude analysis using a high-statistics e^{+}e^{-}→cc[over ¯] data sample. CP violation is observed in B^{0}→D^{(*)}h^{0} decays at the level of 5.1 standard deviations. The significance for cos2β>0 is 3.7 standard deviations. The trigonometric multifold solution π/2-β=(68.1±0.7)° is excluded at the level of 7.3 standard deviations. The measurement resolves an ambiguity in the determination of the apex of the CKM Unitarity Triangle.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Adachi
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Adye
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - H Ahmed
- St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada B2G 2W5
| | - J K Ahn
- Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - H Aihara
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - S Akar
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M S Alam
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - J Albert
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - F Anulli
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - N Arnaud
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D M Asner
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - D Aston
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - H Atmacan
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - T Aushev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
| | - R Ayad
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - V Babu
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - I Badhrees
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A M Bakich
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Sw Banerjee
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - V Bansal
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - R J Barlow
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G Batignani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Beaulieu
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - P Behera
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - M Bellis
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E Ben-Haim
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - D Bernard
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - F U Bernlochner
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - S Bettarini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A J Bevan
- Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - V Bhardwaj
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar, 140306, India
| | - B Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - F Bianchi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - M Biasini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - J Biswal
- J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - V E Blinov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russian Federation
| | - M Bomben
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - A Bondar
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - G R Bonneaud
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - A Bozek
- H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Krakow 31-342, Poland
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Bračko
- J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - T E Browder
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - D N Brown
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D N Brown
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - C Bünger
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - P R Burchat
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A R Buzykaev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - R Calabrese
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Calderini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - S Di Carlo
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - M Carpinelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - G Casarosa
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - R Cenci
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D S Chao
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Chauveau
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - R Cheaib
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - A Chen
- National Central University, Chung-li 32054, Taiwan
| | - C Chen
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - C H Cheng
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B G Cheon
- Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - K Chilikin
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - K Cho
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, South Korea
| | - Y Choi
- Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - S Choudhury
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana 502285, India
| | | | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - D Cinabro
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - J Cochran
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J P Coleman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - M R Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - G Cowan
- University of London, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - R Cowan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - L Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - S Cunliffe
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - N Dash
- Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Satya Nagar 751007, India
| | - M Davier
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - C L Davis
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - F De Mori
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - G De Nardo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A G Denig
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R de Sangro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - B Dey
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Di Lodovico
- Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - S Dittrich
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Z Doležal
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Dorfan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - Z Drásal
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V P Druzhinin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - W Dunwoodie
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M Ebert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B Echenard
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Eidelman
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - G Eigen
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - A M Eisner
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - S Emery
- CEA, Irfu, SPP, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Epifanov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - J A Ernst
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - R Faccini
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - J E Fast
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M Feindt
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Ferber
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - F Ferroni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R C Field
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - A Filippi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - G Finocchiaro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - E Fioravanti
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - K T Flood
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F Forti
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Fritsch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - B G Fulsom
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - E Gabathuler
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D Gamba
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - R Garg
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - A Garmash
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - J W Gary
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Gaur
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - A Gaz
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Gelb
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T J Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - L Li Gioi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, 80805 München, Germany
| | - M A Giorgi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Giri
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana 502285, India
| | - R Godang
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Goldenzweig
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B Golob
- J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - V B Golubev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - R Gorodeisky
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - W Gradl
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M T Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - E Grauges
- Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Fisica, Departament ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - K Griessinger
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A V Gritsan
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - O Grünberg
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Y Guan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
| | - E Guido
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - N Guttman
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - J Haba
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - A Hafner
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T Hara
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - P F Harrison
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - K Hayasaka
- Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - H Hayashii
- Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - C Hearty
- Institute of Particle Physics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - M Heck
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M T Hedges
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - M Heß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Hirose
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - D G Hitlin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - W-S Hou
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - C-L Hsu
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Z Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - C Van Hulse
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - D E Hutchcroft
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - K Inami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - G Inguglia
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - W R Innes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - A Ishikawa
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - R Itoh
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - M Iwasaki
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Y Iwasaki
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - J M Izen
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - W W Jacobs
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - C P Jessop
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - S Jia
- Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y Jin
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K K Joo
- Chonnam National University, Kwangju 660-701, South Korea
| | - T Julius
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - A B Kaliyar
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - K H Kang
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - G Karyan
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Kass
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - H Kichimi
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - D Y Kim
- Soongsil University, Seoul 156-743, South Korea
| | - J B Kim
- Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - K T Kim
- Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - J Kim
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - G J King
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - K Kinoshita
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - H Koch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - P Kodyš
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yu G Kolomensky
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Korpar
- J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - D Kotchetkov
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - R Kowalewski
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - E A Kravchenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - P Križan
- J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - R Kroeger
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Krokovny
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - T Kuhr
- Ludwig Maximilians University, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - R Kulasiri
- Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, USA
| | - T Kumita
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - A Kuzmin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Y-J Kwon
- Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - H M Lacker
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G D Lafferty
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - L Lanceri
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - J S Lange
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - D J Lange
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A J Lankford
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - T E Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T Leddig
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - F Le Diberder
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - I S Lee
- Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - S C Lee
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - D W G S Leith
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - L K Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Y B Li
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Y Li
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Libby
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - D Liventsev
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - W S Lockman
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - O Long
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - J M LoSecco
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - X C Lou
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - M Lubej
- J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - T Lueck
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - T Luo
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-Beam Application (MOE) and Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Lusiani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A M Lutz
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J MacNaughton
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - U Mallik
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - E Manoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Marchiori
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Margoni
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Martellotti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | | | - M Masuda
- Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - T Matsuda
- University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - T S Mattison
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - D Matvienko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - J A McKenna
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - B T Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - M Merola
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - T S Miyashita
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - H Miyata
- Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - R Mizuk
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- Moscow Physical Engineering Institute, Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
| | - G B Mohanty
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - H K Moon
- Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - T Mori
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - D R Muller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - T Müller
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R Mussa
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - E Nakano
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - M Nakao
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Nanut
- J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - K J Nath
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - M Nayak
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - H Neal
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - N K Nisar
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - S Nishida
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - I M Nugent
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - B Oberhof
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J Ocariz
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - S Ogawa
- Toho University, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan
| | - P Ongmongkolkul
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - H Ono
- Nippon Dental University, Niigata 951-8580, Japan
- Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - A P Onuchin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russian Federation
| | - Y Onuki
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - A Oyanguren
- IFIC, Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - P Pakhlov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- Moscow Physical Engineering Institute, Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - G Pakhlova
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
| | - B Pal
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - F Palombo
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - W Panduro Vazquez
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - E Paoloni
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Pardi
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - H Park
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - S Passaggio
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | | | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Paul
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - I Pavelkin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
| | - D J Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - T K Pedlar
- Luther College, Decorah, Iowa 52101, USA
| | - D R Peimer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - I M Peruzzi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R Pestotnik
- J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Piccolo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - L E Piilonen
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - A Pilloni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - G Piredda
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Popov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
| | - F C Porter
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Posocco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Prell
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - R Prepost
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E M T Puccio
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M V Purohit
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - M Rama
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - G Raven
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P K Resmi
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - J L Ritchie
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - M Ritter
- Ludwig Maximilians University, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - G Rizzo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - D A Roberts
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S H Robertson
- Institute of Particle Physics, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - M Röhrken
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J M Roney
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - A Roodman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - A Rossi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Rozanska
- H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Krakow 31-342, Poland
| | - G Russo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - R Sacco
- Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - S Al Said
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Y Sakai
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - M Salehi
- Ludwig Maximilians University, 80539 Munich, Germany
- University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Sandilya
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - L Santelj
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - V Santoro
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - T Sanuki
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - V Savinov
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - O Schneider
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - G Schnell
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - T Schroeder
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - K R Schubert
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Schwanda
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Vienna 1050, Austria
| | - A J Schwartz
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | | | - C Sciacca
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - R M Seddon
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - Y Seino
- Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - S J Sekula
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - K Senyo
- Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - O Seon
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - S I Serednyakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - M E Sevior
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - V Shebalin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - C P Shen
- Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - T-A Shibata
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - N Shimizu
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - J-G Shiu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Simon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, 80805 München, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Universe, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - F Simonetto
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Yu I Skovpen
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - J G Smith
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - A J S Smith
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - R Y So
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - R J Sobie
- Institute of Particle Physics, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - A Soffer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - M D Sokoloff
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - E P Solodov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - E Solovieva
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
| | - S M Spanier
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - M Starič
- J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - R Stroili
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M K Sullivan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - K Sumisawa
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Sumiyoshi
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - D J Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - L Sun
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - M Takizawa
- J-PARC Branch, KEK Theory Center, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
- Theoretical Research Division, Nishina Center, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - U Tamponi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - K Tanida
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Naka 319-1195, Japan
| | - P Taras
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - N Tasneem
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - F Tenchini
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - V Tisserand
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - K Yu Todyshevx
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - C Touramanis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - M Uchida
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - T Uglov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Y Unno
- Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - S Uno
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - S E Vahsen
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - G Varner
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - G Vasseur
- CEA, Irfu, SPP, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D Červenkov
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Verderi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - L Vitale
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - V Vorobyev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - C Voß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S R Wagner
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - E Waheed
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - R Waldi
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - J J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Wang
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - C H Wang
- National United University, Miao Li 36003, Taiwan
| | - M-Z Wang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - P Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Y Watanabe
- Kanagawa University, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - F F Wilson
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - J R Wilson
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - W J Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - E Won
- Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - G Wormser
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D M Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S L Wu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - H Ye
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Z Yuan
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Y Yusa
- Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - S Zakharov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
| | - A Zallo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - L Zani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Z P Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - V Zhilich
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - V Zhukova
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- Moscow Physical Engineering Institute, Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - V Zhulanov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - A Zupanc
- J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Abstract
SummaryThe mechanism of platelet-enhanced fibrinolysis is unclear. We therefore investigated the fibrinolytic activity of human platelets and demonstrated that they contain a tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)- like plasminogen activator, abbreviated as tPA-like-PA. This activator was detected by ELISA in platelet incubation medium and in platelet Triton extracts. Plasminogen activation assays showed that this tPA- like-PA could induce plasminogen activation to form plasmin. Western blots of Triton extracts incubated with anti-tPA antibody demonstrated a major 64-kD protein band, compared to a 70-kD band for standard single chain tPA, plus a minor 118-kD band corresponding to a complex of tPA-like-PA and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1). Western blots of Triton extracts incubated with anti-PAI-1 antibody produced an approximately similar high-molecular-weight (118 kD) protein band. Fibrin zymographic analysis of affinity-purified tPA-like- PA demonstrated a major and a minor fibrin lysis zone, which approximately corresponded to the tPA-like-PA and its complex with PAI-1 observed by Western blots. Immunogold labelling and electron microscopy demonstrated that platelet activator, either as the free form or co-localized with PAI-1, was present in granules and in channels of the open canalicular system. We conclude that platelets contain a functionally active tPA-like-PA, whose low fibrinolytic activity might be due to its readily forming a complex with PAI-1. This functionally active tPA-like-PA might contribute to the enhanced fibrinolytic activity of platelets observed in platelet-rich thrombi.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Wang
- The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Y T Pan
- The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - J J Wang
- The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - C H Cheng
- The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - C Y Liu
- The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Fan CC, Chiu YC, Liu C, Lai WW, Cheng CH, Lin DL, Li GR, Lo YH, Chang CW, Tsai CC, Chang CY. The Impact of the Shallow-Trench Isolation Effect on Flicker Noise of Source Follower MOSFETs in a CMOS Image Sensor. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2018; 18:4217-4221. [PMID: 29442765 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2018.15239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The flicker noise of source follower transistors is the dominant noise source in image sensors. This paper reports a systematic study of the shallow trench isolation effect in transistors with different sizes under high temperature conditions that correspond to the quantity of empty defect sites. The effects of shallow trench isolation sidewall defects on flicker noise characteristics are investigated. In addition, the low-frequency noise and subthreshold swing degrade simultaneously in accordance to the device gate width scaling. Both serious subthreshold leakage and considerable noise can be attributed to the high trap density near the STI edge. Consequently, we propose a coincidental relationship between the noise level and the subthreshold characteristic; its trend is identical to the experiments and simulation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Fan
- Department of Electronics Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan
| | - Y C Chiu
- Department of Electronics Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan
| | - C Liu
- Department of Electro-Physics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan
| | - W W Lai
- Department of Electronics Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan
| | - C H Cheng
- Department of Mechatronic Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - D L Lin
- Himax Technologies, Inc., Tainan City 74148, Taiwan
| | - G R Li
- Himax Technologies, Inc., Tainan City 74148, Taiwan
| | - Y H Lo
- Himax Technologies, Inc., Tainan City 74148, Taiwan
| | - C W Chang
- Himax Technologies, Inc., Tainan City 74148, Taiwan
| | - C C Tsai
- Himax Technologies, Inc., Tainan City 74148, Taiwan
| | - C Y Chang
- Department of Electronics Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan
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Cheng CH, Yim WT, Cheung NK, Yeung JHH, Man CY, Graham CA, Rainer TH. Differences in Injury Pattern and Mortality between Hong Kong Elderly and Younger Patients. HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/102490790901600405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The rapidly aging population in Hong Kong is causing an impact on our health care system. In Hong Kong, 16.5% of emergency department trauma patients are aged ≥65 years. Objective We aim to compare factors associated with trauma and differences in trauma mortality between elderly (≥65 years) and younger adult patients (15 to 64 years) in Hong Kong. Methods A retrospective observational study was performed using trauma registry data from the Prince of Wales Hospital, a 1200–bed acute hospital which is a regional trauma centre. Results A total of 2172 patients (331 [15.2%] elderly and 1841 [84.8%] younger) were included. Male patients predominated in the younger adult group but not in the elderly group. Compared with younger patients, elderly patients had more low falls and pedestrian-vehicle crashes and sustained injuries to the head, neck and extremities more frequently. The odds ratio (OR) for death following trauma was 5.5 in the elderly group (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.4–8.9, p>0.0001). Mortality rates increased progressively with age (p>0.0001) and were higher in the elderly at all levels of Injury Severity Score (ISS). Age ≥65 years independently predicted mortality (OR=5.7, 95% CI 3.5–9.3, p>0.0001). The elderly had a higher co-morbidity rate (58.6% vs. 14.1%; p>0.01). There was a lower proportion of trauma call activations for the elderly group (38.6% vs. 53.3%; p>0.01). Conclusion Elderly trauma patients differ from younger adult trauma patients in injury patterns, modes of presentation of significant injuries and mortality rates. In particular, the high mortality of elderly trauma requires renewed prevention efforts and aggressive trauma care to maximise the chance of survival.
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Brown DN, Kolomensky YG, Fritsch M, Koch H, Schroeder T, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Lankford AJ, Gary JW, Long O, Eisner AM, Lockman WS, Panduro Vazquez W, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Kim J, Miyashita TS, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Röhrken M, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Pushpawela BG, Sokoloff MD, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Bernard D, Verderi M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Santoro V, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Martellotti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rotondo M, Zallo A, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Lacker HM, Bhuyan B, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Prell S, Ahmed H, Gritsan AV, Arnaud N, Davier M, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Coleman JP, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Cowan G, Banerjee S, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Schubert KR, Barlow RJ, Lafferty GD, Cenci R, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Cowan R, Robertson SH, Dey B, Neri N, Palombo F, Cheaib R, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Summers DJ, Taras P, De Nardo G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Jessop CP, LoSecco JM, Honscheid K, Kass R, Gaz A, Margoni M, Posocco M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Biasini M, Manoni E, Rossi A, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Chrzaszcz M, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Rama M, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Smith AJS, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Pilloni A, Piredda G, Bünger C, Dittrich S, Grünberg O, Heß M, Leddig T, Voß C, Waldi R, Adye T, Wilson FF, Emery S, Vasseur G, Aston D, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Fulsom BG, Graham MT, Hast C, Innes WR, Kim P, Leith DWGS, Luitz S, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wisniewski WJ, Purohit MV, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Puccio EMT, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Schwitters RF, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, De Mori F, Filippi A, Gamba D, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Beaulieu A, Bernlochner FU, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lueck T, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Prepost R, Wu SL, Sun L. Measurement of the D^{*}(2010)^{+}-D^{+} Mass Difference. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:202003. [PMID: 29219353 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.202003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We measure the mass difference, Δm_{+}, between the D^{*}(2010)^{+} and the D^{+} using the decay chain D^{*}(2010)^{+}→D^{+}π^{0} with D^{+}→K^{-}π^{+}π^{+}. The data were recorded with the BABAR detector at center-of-mass energies at and near the ϒ(4S) resonance, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of approximately 468 fb^{-1}. We measure Δm_{+}=(140 601.0±6.8[stat]±12.9[syst]) keV. We combine this result with a previous BABAR measurement of Δm_{0}≡m(D^{*}(2010)^{+})-m(D^{0}) to obtain Δm_{D}=m(D^{+})-m(D^{0})=(4824.9±6.8[stat]±12.9[syst]) keV. These results are compatible with and approximately five times more precise than the Particle Data Group averages.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Tisserand
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - E Grauges
- Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Fisica, Departament ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G Eigen
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - D N Brown
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu G Kolomensky
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Fritsch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - H Koch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Schroeder
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - C Hearty
- Institute of Particle Physics, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - T S Mattison
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - J A McKenna
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - R Y So
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - V E Blinov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - A R Buzykaev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V P Druzhinin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V B Golubev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kravchenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A P Onuchin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - S I Serednyakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yu I Skovpen
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E P Solodov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - K Yu Todyshev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A J Lankford
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - J W Gary
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - O Long
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - A M Eisner
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W S Lockman
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W Panduro Vazquez
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - D S Chao
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C H Cheng
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Echenard
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K T Flood
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D G Hitlin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Kim
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T S Miyashita
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Ongmongkolkul
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F C Porter
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Röhrken
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - B T Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | | | - M D Sokoloff
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - J G Smith
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S R Wagner
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - D Bernard
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Verderi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Calabrese
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Fioravanti
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Santoro
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R de Sangro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Finocchiaro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Martellotti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - I M Peruzzi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Piccolo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Zallo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Passaggio
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | | | - H M Lacker
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781 039, India
| | - U Mallik
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - C Chen
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J Cochran
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S Prell
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - H Ahmed
- Physics Department, Jazan University, Jazan 22822, Saudi Arabia
| | - A V Gritsan
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - N Arnaud
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - M Davier
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - F Le Diberder
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - A M Lutz
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - G Wormser
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D J Lange
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D M Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Coleman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - E Gabathuler
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D E Hutchcroft
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D J Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C Touramanis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A J Bevan
- Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - F Di Lodovico
- Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - R Sacco
- Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - G Cowan
- University of London, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Sw Banerjee
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - D N Brown
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - C L Davis
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - A G Denig
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Gradl
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Griessinger
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Hafner
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K R Schubert
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R J Barlow
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G D Lafferty
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Cenci
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D A Roberts
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Cowan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S H Robertson
- Institute of Particle Physics and McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - B Dey
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Palombo
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - R Cheaib
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - L Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - R Godang
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - D J Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Taras
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - G De Nardo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Sciacca
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Raven
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C P Jessop
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - J M LoSecco
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R Kass
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - A Gaz
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Margoni
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Posocco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Simonetto
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R Stroili
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Akar
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - E Ben-Haim
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Bomben
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G R Bonneaud
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Calderini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Chauveau
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Marchiori
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Ocariz
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Biasini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Manoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Batignani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Bettarini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Carpinelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Casarosa
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - F Forti
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Giorgi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Lusiani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Oberhof
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Paoloni
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Rama
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Rizzo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A J S Smith
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - F Anulli
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R Faccini
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Ferroni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Pilloni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - G Piredda
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Bünger
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Dittrich
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - O Grünberg
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Heß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Leddig
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - C Voß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - R Waldi
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Adye
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F F Wilson
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S Emery
- CEA, Irfu, SPP, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Vasseur
- CEA, Irfu, SPP, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Aston
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M R Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - J Dorfan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - W Dunwoodie
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M Ebert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - R C Field
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - B G Fulsom
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M T Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - W R Innes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - P Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D W G S Leith
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D R Muller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - H Neal
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - A Roodman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M K Sullivan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - W J Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M V Purohit
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J R Wilson
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - S J Sekula
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - M Bellis
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P R Burchat
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E M T Puccio
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M S Alam
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - J A Ernst
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - R Gorodeisky
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - N Guttman
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - D R Peimer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - A Soffer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - S M Spanier
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J L Ritchie
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - J M Izen
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - X C Lou
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - F Bianchi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F De Mori
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Filippi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - D Gamba
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - L Lanceri
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - L Vitale
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - A Oyanguren
- IFIC, Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Albert
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - A Beaulieu
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - F U Bernlochner
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - G J King
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - R Kowalewski
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - T Lueck
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - I M Nugent
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - J M Roney
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - R J Sobie
- Institute of Particle Physics, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - N Tasneem
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - T J Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - P F Harrison
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T E Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - R Prepost
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S L Wu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - L Sun
- Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Brown DN, Derdzinski M, Giuffrida A, Kolomensky YG, Fritsch M, Koch H, Schroeder T, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Lankford AJ, Gary JW, Long O, Eisner AM, Lockman WS, Panduro Vazquez W, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Kim J, Miyashita TS, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Röhrken M, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Pushpawela BG, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Bernard D, Verderi M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Santoro V, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Martellotti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rotondo M, Zallo A, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Lacker HM, Bhuyan B, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Prell S, Ahmed H, Gritsan AV, Arnaud N, Davier M, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Coleman JP, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Cowan G, Banerjee S, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Schubert KR, Barlow RJ, Lafferty GD, Cenci R, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Cowan R, Robertson SH, Dey B, Neri N, Palombo F, Cheaib R, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Summers DJ, Taras P, De Nardo G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Jessop CP, LoSecco JM, Honscheid K, Kass R, Gaz A, Margoni M, Posocco M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Biasini M, Manoni E, Rossi A, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Chrzaszcz M, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Rama M, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Smith AJS, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Pilloni A, Piredda G, Bünger C, Dittrich S, Grünberg O, Heß M, Leddig T, Voß C, Waldi R, Adye T, Wilson FF, Emery S, Vasseur G, Aston D, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Fulsom BG, Graham MT, Hast C, Innes WR, Kim P, Leith DWGS, Luitz S, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wisniewski WJ, Purohit MV, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Puccio EMT, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Schwitters RF, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, De Mori F, Filippi A, Gamba D, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Beaulieu A, Bernlochner FU, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lueck T, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Prepost R, Wu SL. Search for Invisible Decays of a Dark Photon Produced in e^{+}e^{-} Collisions at BaBar. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:131804. [PMID: 29341718 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.131804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We search for single-photon events in 53 fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} collision data collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II B-Factory. We look for events with a single high-energy photon and a large missing momentum and energy, consistent with production of a spin-1 particle A^{'} through the process e^{+}e^{-}→γA^{'}; A^{'}→invisible. Such particles, referred to as "dark photons," are motivated by theories applying a U(1) gauge symmetry to dark matter. We find no evidence for such processes and set 90% confidence level upper limits on the coupling strength of A^{'} to e^{+}e^{-} in the mass range m_{A^{'}}≤8 GeV. In particular, our limits exclude the values of the A^{'} coupling suggested by the dark-photon interpretation of the muon (g-2)_{μ} anomaly, as well as a broad range of parameters for the dark-sector models.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Tisserand
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - E Grauges
- Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Fisica, Departament ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G Eigen
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - D N Brown
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Derdzinski
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Giuffrida
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu G Kolomensky
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Fritsch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - H Koch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Schroeder
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - C Hearty
- Institute of Particle Physics, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - T S Mattison
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - J A McKenna
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - R Y So
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - V E Blinov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - A R Buzykaev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V P Druzhinin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V B Golubev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kravchenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A P Onuchin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - S I Serednyakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yu I Skovpen
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E P Solodov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - K Yu Todyshev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A J Lankford
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - J W Gary
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - O Long
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - A M Eisner
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W S Lockman
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W Panduro Vazquez
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - D S Chao
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C H Cheng
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Echenard
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K T Flood
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D G Hitlin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Kim
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T S Miyashita
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Ongmongkolkul
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F C Porter
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Röhrken
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - B T Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | | | - M D Sokoloff
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - L Sun
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - J G Smith
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S R Wagner
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - D Bernard
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Verderi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Calabrese
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Fioravanti
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Santoro
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R de Sangro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Finocchiaro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Martellotti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - I M Peruzzi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Piccolo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Zallo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Passaggio
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | | | - H M Lacker
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India
| | - U Mallik
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - C Chen
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J Cochran
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S Prell
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - H Ahmed
- Physics Department, Jazan University, Jazan 22822, Saudi Arabia
| | - A V Gritsan
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - N Arnaud
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - M Davier
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - F Le Diberder
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - A M Lutz
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - G Wormser
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D J Lange
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D M Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Coleman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - E Gabathuler
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D E Hutchcroft
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D J Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C Touramanis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A J Bevan
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - F Di Lodovico
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - R Sacco
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - G Cowan
- University of London, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Sw Banerjee
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - D N Brown
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - C L Davis
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - A G Denig
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Gradl
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Griessinger
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Hafner
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K R Schubert
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R J Barlow
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G D Lafferty
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Cenci
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D A Roberts
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Cowan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S H Robertson
- Institute of Particle Physics and McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - B Dey
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Palombo
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - R Cheaib
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - L Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - R Godang
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - D J Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Taras
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - G De Nardo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Sciacca
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Raven
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C P Jessop
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - J M LoSecco
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R Kass
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - A Gaz
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Margoni
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Posocco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Simonetto
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R Stroili
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Akar
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - E Ben-Haim
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Bomben
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G R Bonneaud
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Calderini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Chauveau
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Marchiori
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Ocariz
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Biasini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Manoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Batignani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Bettarini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Carpinelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Casarosa
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - F Forti
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Giorgi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Lusiani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Oberhof
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Paoloni
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Rama
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Rizzo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A J S Smith
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - F Anulli
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R Faccini
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Ferroni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Pilloni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - G Piredda
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Bünger
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Dittrich
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - O Grünberg
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Heß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Leddig
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - C Voß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - R Waldi
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Adye
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F F Wilson
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S Emery
- CEA, Irfu, SPP, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Vasseur
- CEA, Irfu, SPP, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Aston
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M R Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J Dorfan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W Dunwoodie
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M Ebert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - R C Field
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B G Fulsom
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M T Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W R Innes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - P Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D W G S Leith
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D R Muller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - H Neal
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - A Roodman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M K Sullivan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W J Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M V Purohit
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J R Wilson
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - S J Sekula
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - M Bellis
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P R Burchat
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E M T Puccio
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M S Alam
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - J A Ernst
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - R Gorodeisky
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - N Guttman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - D R Peimer
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - A Soffer
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - S M Spanier
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J L Ritchie
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - J M Izen
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - X C Lou
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - F Bianchi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F De Mori
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Filippi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - D Gamba
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - L Lanceri
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - L Vitale
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - A Oyanguren
- IFIC, Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Albert
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - A Beaulieu
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - F U Bernlochner
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - G J King
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - R Kowalewski
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - T Lueck
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - I M Nugent
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - J M Roney
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - R J Sobie
- Institute of Particle Physics, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3P6, Canada
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - N Tasneem
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - T J Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - P F Harrison
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T E Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - R Prepost
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S L Wu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Cheung BM, Cheng CH, Lau CP, Wong CK, Ma RC, Chu DW, Ho DH, Lee KL, Tse HF, Wong AS, Yan BP, Yan VW. 2016 Consensus statement on prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the Hong Kong population. Hong Kong Med J 2017; 23:191-201. [PMID: 28387202 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj165045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Hong Kong, the prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has increased markedly over the past few decades, and further increases are expected. In 2008, the Hong Kong Cardiovascular Task Force released a consensus statement on preventing cardiovascular disease in the Hong Kong population. The present article provides an update on these recommendations. PARTICIPANTS A multidisciplinary group of clinicians comprising the Hong Kong Cardiovascular Task Force-10 cardiologists, an endocrinologist, and a family physician-met in September 2014 and June 2015 in Hong Kong. EVIDENCE Guidelines from the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association, the European Society of Hypertension/European Society of Cardiology, and the Eighth Joint National Committee for the Management of High Blood Pressure were reviewed. CONSENSUS PROCESS Group members reviewed the 2008 Consensus Statement and relevant international guidelines. At the meetings, each topical recommendation of the 2008 Statement was assessed against the pooled recommendations on that topic from the international guidelines. A final recommendation on each topic was generated by consensus after discussion. CONCLUSIONS It is recommended that a formal risk scoring system should be used for risk assessment of all adults aged 40 years or older who have at least one cardiovascular risk factor. Individuals can be classified as having a low, moderate, or high risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and appropriate interventions selected accordingly. Recommended lifestyle modifications include adopting a healthy eating pattern; maintaining a low body mass index; quitting smoking; and undertaking regular, moderate-intensity physical activity. Pharmacological interventions should be selected as appropriate after lifestyle modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- B My Cheung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | | - C P Lau
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - C Ky Wong
- Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - R Cw Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | | | - D Hk Ho
- Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | | | - H F Tse
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | | - B Py Yan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
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31
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Brown DN, Kolomensky YG, Koch H, Schroeder T, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Lankford AJ, Gary JW, Long O, Eisner AM, Lockman WS, Panduro Vazquez W, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Kim J, Miyashita TS, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Röhrken M, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Pushpawela BG, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Bernard D, Verderi M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Santoro V, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Martellotti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Zallo A, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Bhuyan B, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Prell S, Ahmed H, Gritsan AV, Arnaud N, Davier M, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Coleman JP, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Cowan G, Banerjee S, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Fritsch M, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Schubert KR, Barlow RJ, Lafferty GD, Cenci R, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Cowan R, Cheaib R, Robertson SH, Dey B, Neri N, Palombo F, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Summers DJ, Taras P, De Nardo G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Jessop CP, LoSecco JM, Honscheid K, Kass R, Gaz A, Margoni M, Posocco M, Rotondo M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Biasini M, Manoni E, Rossi A, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Chrzaszcz M, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Rama M, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Smith AJS, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Pilloni A, Piredda G, Bünger C, Dittrich S, Grünberg O, Heß M, Leddig T, Voß C, Waldi R, Adye T, Wilson FF, Emery S, Vasseur G, Aston D, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Fulsom BG, Graham MT, Hast C, Innes WR, Kim P, Leith DWGS, Luitz S, Luth V, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wisniewski WJ, Purohit MV, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Puccio EMT, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Schwitters RF, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, De Mori F, Filippi A, Gamba D, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Beaulieu A, Bernlochner FU, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lueck T, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Prepost R, Wu SL. Search for B^{+}→K^{+}τ^{+}τ^{-} at the BaBar Experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:031802. [PMID: 28157371 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.031802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We search for the rare flavor-changing neutral current process B^{+}→K^{+}τ^{+}τ^{-} using data from the BABAR experiment. The data sample, collected at the center-of-mass energy of the ϒ(4S) resonance, corresponds to a total integrated luminosity of 424 fb^{-1} and to 471×10^{6} BB[over ¯] pairs. We reconstruct one B meson, produced in the ϒ(4S)→B^{+}B^{-} decay, in one of many hadronic decay modes and search for activity compatible with a B^{+}→K^{+}τ^{+}τ^{-} decay in the rest of the event. Each τ lepton is required to decay leptonically into an electron or muon and neutrinos. Comparing the expected number of background events with the data sample after applying the selection criteria, we do not find evidence for a signal. The resulting upper limit, at the 90% confidence level, is B(B^{+}→K^{+}τ^{+}τ^{-})<2.25×10^{-3}.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Tisserand
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - E Grauges
- Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Fisica, Departament ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G Eigen
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - D N Brown
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu G Kolomensky
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H Koch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Schroeder
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - C Hearty
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - T S Mattison
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - J A McKenna
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - R Y So
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - V E Blinov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - A R Buzykaev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V P Druzhinin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V B Golubev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kravchenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A P Onuchin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - S I Serednyakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yu I Skovpen
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E P Solodov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - K Yu Todyshev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A J Lankford
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - J W Gary
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - O Long
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - A M Eisner
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W S Lockman
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W Panduro Vazquez
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - D S Chao
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C H Cheng
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Echenard
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K T Flood
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D G Hitlin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Kim
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T S Miyashita
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Ongmongkolkul
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F C Porter
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Röhrken
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - B T Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | | | - M D Sokoloff
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - L Sun
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - J G Smith
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S R Wagner
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - D Bernard
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Verderi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Calabrese
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Fioravanti
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Santoro
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R de Sangro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Finocchiaro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Martellotti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - I M Peruzzi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Piccolo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Zallo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Passaggio
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | | | - B Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India
| | - U Mallik
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - C Chen
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J Cochran
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S Prell
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - H Ahmed
- Physics Department, Jazan University, Jazan 22822, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A V Gritsan
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - N Arnaud
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - M Davier
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - F Le Diberder
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - A M Lutz
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - G Wormser
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D J Lange
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D M Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Coleman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - E Gabathuler
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D E Hutchcroft
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D J Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C Touramanis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A J Bevan
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - F Di Lodovico
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - R Sacco
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - G Cowan
- University of London, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Sw Banerjee
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - D N Brown
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - C L Davis
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - A G Denig
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Fritsch
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Gradl
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Griessinger
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Hafner
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K R Schubert
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R J Barlow
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G D Lafferty
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Cenci
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D A Roberts
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Cowan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Cheaib
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | | | - B Dey
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Palombo
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - L Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - R Godang
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - D J Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Taras
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - G De Nardo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Sciacca
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Raven
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C P Jessop
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - J M LoSecco
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R Kass
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - A Gaz
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Margoni
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Posocco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Simonetto
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R Stroili
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Akar
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - E Ben-Haim
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Bomben
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G R Bonneaud
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Calderini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Chauveau
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Marchiori
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Ocariz
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Biasini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Manoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Batignani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Bettarini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Carpinelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Casarosa
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - F Forti
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Giorgi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Lusiani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Oberhof
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Paoloni
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Rama
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Rizzo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A J S Smith
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - F Anulli
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R Faccini
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F Ferrarotto
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F Ferroni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Pilloni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - G Piredda
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Bünger
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Dittrich
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - O Grünberg
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Heß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Leddig
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - C Voß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - R Waldi
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Adye
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F F Wilson
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S Emery
- CEA, Irfu, SPP, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Vasseur
- CEA, Irfu, SPP, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Aston
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M R Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J Dorfan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W Dunwoodie
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M Ebert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - R C Field
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B G Fulsom
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M T Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W R Innes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - P Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D W G S Leith
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - V Luth
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D R Muller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - H Neal
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - A Roodman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M K Sullivan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W J Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M V Purohit
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J R Wilson
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - S J Sekula
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - M Bellis
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P R Burchat
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E M T Puccio
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M S Alam
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - J A Ernst
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - R Gorodeisky
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - N Guttman
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - D R Peimer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - A Soffer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - S M Spanier
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J L Ritchie
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - J M Izen
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - X C Lou
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - F Bianchi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F De Mori
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Filippi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - D Gamba
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - L Lanceri
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - L Vitale
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - A Oyanguren
- IFIC, Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Albert
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - A Beaulieu
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - F U Bernlochner
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - G J King
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R Kowalewski
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T Lueck
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - I M Nugent
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - J M Roney
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - N Tasneem
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T J Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - P F Harrison
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T E Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - R Prepost
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S L Wu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Yeh SI, Huang YC, Cheng CH, Cheng CM, Yang JT. Development of a millimetrically scaled biodiesel transesterification device that relies on droplet-based co-axial fluidics. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29288. [PMID: 27426677 PMCID: PMC4947928 DOI: 10.1038/srep29288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated a fluidic system that adheres to new concepts of energy production. To improve efficiency, cost, and ease of manufacture, a millimetrically scaled device that employs a droplet-based co-axial fluidic system was devised to complete alkali-catalyzed transesterification for biodiesel production. The large surface-to-volume ratio of the droplet-based system, and the internal circulation induced inside the moving droplets, significantly enhanced the reaction rate of immiscible liquids used here – soybean oil and methanol. This device also decreased the molar ratio between methanol and oil to near the stoichiometric coefficients of a balanced chemical equation, which enhanced the total biodiesel volume produced, and decreased the costs of purification and recovery of excess methanol. In this work, the droplet-based co-axial fluidic system performed better than other methods of continuous-flow production. We achieved an efficiency that is much greater than that of reported systems. This study demonstrated the high potential of droplet-based fluidic chips for energy production. The small energy consumption and low cost of the highly purified biodiesel transesterification system described conforms to the requirements of distributed energy (inexpensive production on a moderate scale) in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Yeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y C Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C H Cheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C M Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No.101, Sec. 2, Guangfu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - J T Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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33
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Stugu B, Brown DN, Kerth LT, Kolomensky YG, Lee MJ, Lynch G, Koch H, Schroeder T, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Khan A, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Lankford AJ, Gary JW, Long O, Franco Sevilla M, Hong TM, Kovalskyi D, Richman JD, West CA, Eisner AM, Lockman WS, Panduro Vazquez W, Schumm BA, Seiden A, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Kim J, Miyashita TS, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Röhrken M, Andreassen R, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Pushpawela BG, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Ford WT, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Ayad R, Toki WH, Spaan B, Bernard D, Verderi M, Playfer S, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Santoro V, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Martellotti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Zallo A, Contri R, Monge MR, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Bhuyan B, Prasad V, Adametz A, Uwer U, Lacker HM, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Prell S, Ahmed H, Gritsan AV, Arnaud N, Davier M, Derkach D, Grosdidier G, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Malaescu B, Roudeau P, Stocchi A, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Coleman JP, Fry JR, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Cowan G, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Fritsch M, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Schubert KR, Barlow RJ, Lafferty GD, Cenci R, Hamilton B, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Cowan R, Cheaib R, Patel PM, Robertson SH, Dey B, Neri N, Palombo F, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Summers DJ, Simard M, Taras P, De Nardo G, Onorato G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Jessop CP, LoSecco JM, Honscheid K, Kass R, Margoni M, Morandin M, Posocco M, Rotondo M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Briand H, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Leruste P, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Biasini M, Manoni E, Rossi A, Angelini C, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Chrzaszcz M, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Rama M, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Lopes Pegna D, Olsen J, Smith AJS, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Gaspero M, Pilloni A, Piredda G, Bünger C, Dittrich S, Grünberg O, Hess M, Leddig T, Voß C, Waldi R, Adye T, Olaiya EO, Wilson FF, Emery S, Vasseur G, Aston D, Bard DJ, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Fulsom BG, Graham MT, Hast C, Innes WR, Kim P, Leith DWGS, Luitz S, Luth V, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Pulliam T, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Schindler RH, Snyder A, Su D, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wisniewski WJ, Wulsin HW, Purohit MV, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Puccio EMT, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Schwitters RF, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, De Mori F, Filippi A, Gamba D, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Banerjee S, Beaulieu A, Bernlochner FU, Choi HHF, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lewczuk MJ, Lueck T, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Band HR, Dasu S, Pan Y, Prepost R, Wu SL. Observation of B→D(*) π^(+)π^(-)ℓ^(-)ν Decays in e^(+)e^(-) Collisions at the Υ(4S) Resonance. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:041801. [PMID: 26871322 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.041801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on measurements of the decays of B¯ mesons into the semileptonic final states B¯→D^(*)π^(+)π^(-)ℓ^(-)ν¯, where D^(*) represents a D or D^(*) meson and ℓ^(-) is an electron or a muon. These measurements are based on 471×10^(6) BB ¯ pairs recorded with the BABAR detector at the SLAC asymmetric B factory PEP-II. We determine the branching fraction ratios R_{π^{+}π^{-}}^{(*)}=B(B[over ¯]→D^{(*)}π^{+}π^{-}ℓ^{-}ν[over ¯])/B(B[over ¯]→D^{(*)}ℓ^{-}ν[over ¯]) using events in which the second B meson is fully reconstructed. We find R_{π^{+}π^{-}}=0.067±0.010±0.008 and R_{π^{+}π^{-}}^{*}=0.019±0.005±0.004, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. Based on these results and assuming isospin invariance, we estimate that B[over ¯]→D^{(*)}ππℓ^{-}ν[over ¯] decays, where π denotes either a π^{±} and π^{0} meson, account for up to half the difference between the measured inclusive semileptonic branching fraction to charm hadrons and the corresponding sum of previously measured exclusive branching fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Tisserand
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - E Grauges
- Facultat de Fisica, Departament ECM, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G Eigen
- Institute of Physics, University of Bergen, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - B Stugu
- Institute of Physics, University of Bergen, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - D N Brown
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L T Kerth
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu G Kolomensky
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M J Lee
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Lynch
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H Koch
- Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, Ruhr Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Schroeder
- Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, Ruhr Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - C Hearty
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - T S Mattison
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - J A McKenna
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - R Y So
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - A Khan
- Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - V E Blinov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - A R Buzykaev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V P Druzhinin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V B Golubev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kravchenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A P Onuchin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - S I Serednyakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yu I Skovpen
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E P Solodov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - K Yu Todyshev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A J Lankford
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - J W Gary
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - O Long
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - M Franco Sevilla
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - T M Hong
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - D Kovalskyi
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - J D Richman
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - C A West
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A M Eisner
- Institute for Particle Physics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W S Lockman
- Institute for Particle Physics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W Panduro Vazquez
- Institute for Particle Physics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - B A Schumm
- Institute for Particle Physics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - A Seiden
- Institute for Particle Physics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - D S Chao
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C H Cheng
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Echenard
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K T Flood
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D G Hitlin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Kim
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T S Miyashita
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Ongmongkolkul
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F C Porter
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Röhrken
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Andreassen
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - Z Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - B T Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | | | - M D Sokoloff
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - L Sun
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - W T Ford
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - J G Smith
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S R Wagner
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - R Ayad
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - W H Toki
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - B Spaan
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Bernard
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Verderi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - S Playfer
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Calabrese
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Fioravanti
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Santoro
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R de Sangro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Finocchiaro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Martellotti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - I M Peruzzi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Piccolo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Zallo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R Contri
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - M R Monge
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - S Passaggio
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - C Patrignani
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - B Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India
| | - V Prasad
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India
| | - A Adametz
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - U Uwer
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H M Lacker
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - U Mallik
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - C Chen
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3160, USA
| | - J Cochran
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3160, USA
| | - S Prell
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3160, USA
| | - H Ahmed
- Physics Department, Jazan University, Jazan 22822, Saudi Arabia
| | - A V Gritsan
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - N Arnaud
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - M Davier
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D Derkach
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - G Grosdidier
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - F Le Diberder
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - A M Lutz
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - B Malaescu
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - P Roudeau
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - A Stocchi
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - G Wormser
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D J Lange
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D M Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Coleman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - J R Fry
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - E Gabathuler
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D E Hutchcroft
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D J Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C Touramanis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A J Bevan
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - F Di Lodovico
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - R Sacco
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - G Cowan
- Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - D N Brown
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - C L Davis
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - A G Denig
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Fritsch
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Gradl
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Griessinger
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Hafner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K R Schubert
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R J Barlow
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G D Lafferty
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Cenci
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - B Hamilton
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D A Roberts
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Cowan
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Cheaib
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - P M Patel
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | | | - B Dey
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Palombo
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - L Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - R Godang
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - D J Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - M Simard
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - P Taras
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - G De Nardo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Onorato
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Sciacca
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Raven
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C P Jessop
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - J M LoSecco
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R Kass
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - M Margoni
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Morandin
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Posocco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Simonetto
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R Stroili
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Akar
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - E Ben-Haim
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Bomben
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G R Bonneaud
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - H Briand
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Calderini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Chauveau
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Ph Leruste
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Marchiori
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Ocariz
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Biasini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Manoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - C Angelini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Batignani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Bettarini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Carpinelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Casarosa
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - F Forti
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Giorgi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Lusiani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Oberhof
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Paoloni
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Rama
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Rizzo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - D Lopes Pegna
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - J Olsen
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - A J S Smith
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - F Anulli
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R Faccini
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Ferroni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - M Gaspero
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Pilloni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - G Piredda
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Bünger
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Dittrich
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - O Grünberg
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Hess
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Leddig
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - C Voß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - R Waldi
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Adye
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - E O Olaiya
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F F Wilson
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S Emery
- CEA, Irfu, SPP, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Vasseur
- CEA, Irfu, SPP, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Aston
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D J Bard
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M R Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - J Dorfan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | | | - W Dunwoodie
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M Ebert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - R C Field
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - B G Fulsom
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M T Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - W R Innes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - P Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D W G S Leith
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - V Luth
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D R Muller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - H Neal
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - T Pulliam
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - A Roodman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - R H Schindler
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - A Snyder
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D Su
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M K Sullivan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - W J Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - H W Wulsin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M V Purohit
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J R Wilson
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - S J Sekula
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - M Bellis
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4060, USA
| | - P R Burchat
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4060, USA
| | - E M T Puccio
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4060, USA
| | - M S Alam
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - J A Ernst
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - R Gorodeisky
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - N Guttman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - D R Peimer
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - A Soffer
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - S M Spanier
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J L Ritchie
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - J M Izen
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - X C Lou
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - F Bianchi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F De Mori
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Filippi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - D Gamba
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - L Lanceri
- INFN Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - L Vitale
- INFN Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - A Oyanguren
- IFIC, Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Albert
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - Sw Banerjee
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - A Beaulieu
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - F U Bernlochner
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - H H F Choi
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - G J King
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - R Kowalewski
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - M J Lewczuk
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - T Lueck
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - I M Nugent
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - J M Roney
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - R J Sobie
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - N Tasneem
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - T J Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - P F Harrison
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T E Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - H R Band
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Dasu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Y Pan
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - R Prepost
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S L Wu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Abdesselam A, Adachi I, Adametz A, Adye T, Ahmed H, Aihara H, Akar S, Alam MS, Albert J, Al Said S, Andreassen R, Angelini C, Anulli F, Arinstein K, Arnaud N, Asner DM, Aston D, Aulchenko V, Aushev T, Ayad R, Babu V, Badhrees I, Bahinipati S, Bakich AM, Band HR, Banerjee S, Barberio E, Bard DJ, Barlow RJ, Batignani G, Beaulieu A, Bellis M, Ben-Haim E, Bernard D, Bernlochner FU, Bettarini S, Bettoni D, Bevan AJ, Bhardwaj V, Bhuyan B, Bianchi F, Biasini M, Biswal J, Blinov VE, Bloom PC, Bobrov A, Bomben M, Bondar A, Bonneaud GR, Bonvicini G, Bozek A, Bozzi C, Bračko M, Briand H, Browder TE, Brown DN, Brown DN, Bünger C, Burchat PR, Buzykaev AR, Calabrese R, Calcaterra A, Calderini G, Carpinelli M, Cartaro C, Casarosa G, Cenci R, Červenkov D, Chang P, Chao DS, Chauveau J, Cheaib R, Chekelian V, Chen A, Chen C, Cheng CH, Cheon BG, Chilikin K, Chistov R, Cho K, Chobanova V, Choi HHF, Choi SK, Chrzaszcz M, Cibinetto G, Cinabro D, Cochran J, Coleman JP, Contri R, Convery MR, Cowan G, Cowan R, Cremaldi L, Dalseno J, Dasu S, Davier M, Davis CL, De Mori F, De Nardo G, Denig AG, Derkach D, de Sangro R, Dey B, Di Lodovico F, Dingfelder J, Dittrich S, Doležal Z, Dorfan J, Drásal Z, Drutskoy A, Druzhinin VP, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dunwoodie W, Dutta D, Ebert M, Echenard B, Eidelman S, Eigen G, Eisner AM, Emery S, Ernst JA, Faccini R, Farhat H, Fast JE, Feindt M, Ferber T, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Field RC, Filippi A, Finocchiaro G, Fioravanti E, Flood KT, Ford WT, Forti F, Franco Sevilla M, Fritsch M, Fry JR, Fulsom BG, Gabathuler E, Gabyshev N, Gamba D, Garmash A, Gary JW, Garzia I, Gaspero M, Gaur V, Gaz A, Gershon TJ, Getzkow D, Gillard R, Li Gioi L, Giorgi MA, Glattauer R, Godang R, Goh YM, Goldenzweig P, Golob B, Golubev VB, Gorodeisky R, Gradl W, Graham MT, Grauges E, Griessinger K, Gritsan AV, Grosdidier G, Grünberg O, Guttman N, Haba J, Hafner A, Hamilton B, Hara T, Harrison PF, Hast C, Hayasaka K, Hayashii H, Hearty C, He XH, Hess M, Hitlin DG, Hong TM, Honscheid K, Hou WS, Hsiung YB, Huard Z, Hutchcroft DE, Iijima T, Inguglia G, Innes WR, Ishikawa A, Itoh R, Iwasaki Y, Izen JM, Jaegle I, Jawahery A, Jessop CP, Joffe D, Joo KK, Julius T, Kang KH, Kass R, Kawasaki T, Kerth LT, Khan A, Kiesling C, Kim DY, Kim JB, Kim JH, Kim KT, Kim P, Kim SH, Kim YJ, King GJ, Kinoshita K, Ko BR, Koch H, Kodyš P, Kolomensky YG, Korpar S, Kovalskyi D, Kowalewski R, Kravchenko EA, Križan P, Krokovny P, Kuhr T, Kumar R, Kuzmin A, Kwon YJ, Lacker HM, Lafferty GD, Lanceri L, Lange DJ, Lankford AJ, Latham TE, Leddig T, Le Diberder F, Lee DH, Lee IS, Lee MJ, Lees JP, Leith DWGS, Leruste P, Lewczuk MJ, Lewis P, Libby J, Lockman WS, Long O, Lopes Pegna D, LoSecco JM, Lou XC, Lueck T, Luitz S, Lukin P, Luppi E, Lusiani A, Luth V, Lutz AM, Lynch G, MacFarlane DB, Malaescu B, Mallik U, Manoni E, Marchiori G, Margoni M, Martellotti S, Martinez-Vidal F, Masuda M, Mattison TS, Matvienko D, McKenna JA, Meadows BT, Miyabayashi K, Miyashita TS, Miyata H, Mizuk R, Mohanty GB, Moll A, Monge MR, Moon HK, Morandin M, Muller DR, Mussa R, Nakano E, Nakazawa H, Nakao M, Nanut T, Nayak M, Neal H, Neri N, Nisar NK, Nishida S, Nugent IM, Oberhof B, Ocariz J, Ogawa S, Okuno S, Olaiya EO, Olsen J, Ongmongkolkul P, Onorato G, Onuchin AP, Onuki Y, Ostrowicz W, Oyanguren A, Pakhlova G, Pakhlov P, Palano A, Pal B, Palombo F, Pan Y, Panduro Vazquez W, Paoloni E, Park CW, Park H, Passaggio S, Patel PM, Patrignani C, Patteri P, Payne DJ, Pedlar TK, Peimer DR, Peruzzi IM, Pesántez L, Pestotnik R, Petrič M, Piccolo M, Piemontese L, Piilonen LE, Pilloni A, Piredda G, Playfer S, Poireau V, Porter FC, Posocco M, Prasad V, Prell S, Prepost R, Puccio EMT, Pulliam T, Purohit MV, Pushpawela BG, Rama M, Randle-Conde A, Ratcliff BN, Raven G, Ribežl E, Richman JD, Ritchie JL, Rizzo G, Roberts DA, Robertson SH, Röhrken M, Roney JM, Roodman A, Rossi A, Rostomyan A, Rotondo M, Roudeau P, Sacco R, Sakai Y, Sandilya S, Santelj L, Santoro V, Sanuki T, Sato Y, Savinov V, Schindler RH, Schneider O, Schnell G, Schroeder T, Schubert KR, Schumm BA, Schwanda C, Schwartz AJ, Schwitters RF, Sciacca C, Seiden A, Sekula SJ, Senyo K, Seon O, Serednyakov SI, Sevior ME, Shapkin M, Shebalin V, Shen CP, Shibata TA, Shiu JG, Simard M, Simi G, Simon F, Simonetto F, Skovpen YI, Smith AJS, Smith JG, Snyder A, So RY, Sobie RJ, Soffer A, Sohn YS, Sokoloff MD, Sokolov A, Solodov EP, Solovieva E, Spaan B, Spanier SM, Starič M, Stocchi A, Stroili R, Stugu B, Su D, Sullivan MK, Sumihama M, Sumisawa K, Sumiyoshi T, Summers DJ, Sun L, Tamponi U, Taras P, Tasneem N, Teramoto Y, Tisserand V, Todyshev KY, Toki WH, Touramanis C, Trabelsi K, Tsuboyama T, Uchida M, Uglov T, Unno Y, Uno S, Usov Y, Uwer U, Vahsen SE, Van Hulse C, Vanhoefer P, Varner G, Vasseur G, Va'vra J, Verderi M, Vinokurova A, Vitale L, Vorobyev V, Voß C, Wagner MN, Wagner SR, Waldi R, Walsh JJ, Wang CH, Wang MZ, Wang P, Watanabe Y, West CA, Williams KM, Wilson FF, Wilson JR, Wisniewski WJ, Won E, Wormser G, Wright DM, Wu SL, Wulsin HW, Yamamoto H, Yamaoka J, Yashchenko S, Yuan CZ, Yusa Y, Zallo A, Zhang CC, Zhang ZP, Zhilich V, Zhulanov V, Zupanc A. First Observation of CP Violation in B[over ¯]^{0}→D_{CP}^{(*)}h^{0} Decays by a Combined Time-Dependent Analysis of BABAR and Belle Data. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:121604. [PMID: 26430984 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.121604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report a measurement of the time-dependent CP asymmetry of B[over ¯]^{0}→D_{CP}^{(*)}h^{0} decays, where the light neutral hadron h^{0} is a π^{0}, η, or ω meson, and the neutral D meson is reconstructed in the CP eigenstates K^{+}K^{-}, K_{S}^{0}π^{0}, or K_{S}^{0}ω. The measurement is performed combining the final data samples collected at the ϒ(4S) resonance by the BABAR and Belle experiments at the asymmetric-energy B factories PEP-II at SLAC and KEKB at KEK, respectively. The data samples contain (471±3)×10^{6} BB[over ¯] pairs recorded by the BABAR detector and (772±11)×10^{6} BB[over ¯] pairs recorded by the Belle detector. We measure the CP asymmetry parameters -η_{f}S=+0.66±0.10(stat)±0.06(syst) and C=-0.02±0.07(stat)±0.03(syst). These results correspond to the first observation of CP violation in B[over ¯]^{0}→D_{CP}^{(*)}h^{0} decays. The hypothesis of no mixing-induced CP violation is excluded in these decays at the level of 5.4 standard deviations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abdesselam
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - I Adachi
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - A Adametz
- Universität Heidelberg, Physikalisches Institut, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Adye
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - H Ahmed
- Physics Department, Jazan University, Jazan 22822, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - H Aihara
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - S Akar
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M S Alam
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - J Albert
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - S Al Said
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - R Andreassen
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - C Angelini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Anulli
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - K Arinstein
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - N Arnaud
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D M Asner
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - D Aston
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - V Aulchenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - T Aushev
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117218, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
| | - R Ayad
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - V Babu
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - I Badhrees
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - S Bahinipati
- Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Satya Nagar 751007, India
| | - A M Bakich
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - H R Band
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Sw Banerjee
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - E Barberio
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - D J Bard
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - R J Barlow
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G Batignani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Beaulieu
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - M Bellis
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4060, USA
| | - E Ben-Haim
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - D Bernard
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - F U Bernlochner
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - S Bettarini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A J Bevan
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - V Bhardwaj
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - B Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India
| | - F Bianchi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - M Biasini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - J Biswal
- J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - V E Blinov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russian Federation
| | - P C Bloom
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - A Bobrov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - M Bomben
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - A Bondar
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - G R Bonneaud
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Bonvicini
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - A Bozek
- H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Krakow 31-342, Poland
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Bračko
- J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - H Briand
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - T E Browder
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - D N Brown
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D N Brown
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - C Bünger
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - P R Burchat
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4060, USA
| | - A R Buzykaev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - R Calabrese
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Calderini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Carpinelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - G Casarosa
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - R Cenci
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D Červenkov
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Chang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - D S Chao
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Chauveau
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - R Cheaib
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - V Chekelian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, 80805 München, Germany
| | - A Chen
- National Central University, Chung-li 32054, Taiwan
| | - C Chen
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3160, USA
| | - C H Cheng
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B G Cheon
- Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - K Chilikin
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117218, Russian Federation
| | - R Chistov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117218, Russian Federation
| | - K Cho
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, South Korea
| | - V Chobanova
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, 80805 München, Germany
| | - H H F Choi
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - S-K Choi
- Gyeongsang National University, Chinju 660-701, South Korea
| | | | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - D Cinabro
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - J Cochran
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3160, USA
| | - J P Coleman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - R Contri
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - M R Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - G Cowan
- University of London, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - R Cowan
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - L Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - J Dalseno
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, 80805 München, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Universe, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S Dasu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Davier
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - C L Davis
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - F De Mori
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - G De Nardo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A G Denig
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Derkach
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - R de Sangro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - B Dey
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - F Di Lodovico
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | | | - S Dittrich
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Z Doležal
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Dorfan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - Z Drásal
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Drutskoy
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117218, Russian Federation
- Moscow Physical Engineering Institute, Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - V P Druzhinin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | | | - W Dunwoodie
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D Dutta
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - M Ebert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - B Echenard
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Eidelman
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - G Eigen
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - A M Eisner
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - S Emery
- CEA, Irfu, SPP, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J A Ernst
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - R Faccini
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - H Farhat
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - J E Fast
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M Feindt
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Ferber
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - F Ferroni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R C Field
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - A Filippi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - G Finocchiaro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - E Fioravanti
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - K T Flood
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - W T Ford
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - F Forti
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Franco Sevilla
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - M Fritsch
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J R Fry
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - B G Fulsom
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - E Gabathuler
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - N Gabyshev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - D Gamba
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Garmash
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - J W Gary
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Gaspero
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - V Gaur
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - A Gaz
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - T J Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - D Getzkow
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - R Gillard
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - L Li Gioi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, 80805 München, Germany
| | - M A Giorgi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - R Glattauer
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Vienna 1050, Austria
| | - R Godang
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Y M Goh
- Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - P Goldenzweig
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B Golob
- J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - V B Golubev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - R Gorodeisky
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - W Gradl
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M T Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - E Grauges
- Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Fisica, Departament ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - K Griessinger
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A V Gritsan
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - G Grosdidier
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - O Grünberg
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - N Guttman
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - J Haba
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - A Hafner
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - B Hamilton
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - T Hara
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - P F Harrison
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - K Hayasaka
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - H Hayashii
- Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - C Hearty
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - X H He
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - M Hess
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - D G Hitlin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T M Hong
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - W-S Hou
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Y B Hsiung
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Z Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - D E Hutchcroft
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - T Iijima
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - G Inguglia
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - W R Innes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - A Ishikawa
- Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - R Itoh
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Y Iwasaki
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - J M Izen
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - I Jaegle
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - C P Jessop
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - D Joffe
- Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, USA
| | - K K Joo
- Chonnam National University, Kwangju 660-701, South Korea
| | - T Julius
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - K H Kang
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - R Kass
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - T Kawasaki
- Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - L T Kerth
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Khan
- Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - C Kiesling
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, 80805 München, Germany
| | - D Y Kim
- Soongsil University, Seoul 156-743, South Korea
| | - J B Kim
- Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, South Korea
| | - K T Kim
- Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - P Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - S H Kim
- Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Y J Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, South Korea
| | - G J King
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - K Kinoshita
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - B R Ko
- Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - H Koch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - P Kodyš
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yu G Kolomensky
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Korpar
- J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - D Kovalskyi
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - R Kowalewski
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - E A Kravchenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - P Križan
- J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - P Krokovny
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - T Kuhr
- Ludwig Maximilians University, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - R Kumar
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - A Kuzmin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Y-J Kwon
- Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - H M Lacker
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G D Lafferty
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - L Lanceri
- INFN Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - D J Lange
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A J Lankford
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - T E Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T Leddig
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - F Le Diberder
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D H Lee
- Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - I S Lee
- Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - M J Lee
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - D W G S Leith
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - Ph Leruste
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M J Lewczuk
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - P Lewis
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J Libby
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - W S Lockman
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - O Long
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - D Lopes Pegna
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - J M LoSecco
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - X C Lou
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - T Lueck
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - P Lukin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Lusiani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - V Luth
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - A M Lutz
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - G Lynch
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - B Malaescu
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - U Mallik
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - E Manoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Marchiori
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Margoni
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Martellotti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | | | - M Masuda
- Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - T S Mattison
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - D Matvienko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - J A McKenna
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - B T Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | | | - T S Miyashita
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - H Miyata
- Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - R Mizuk
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117218, Russian Federation
- Moscow Physical Engineering Institute, Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - G B Mohanty
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - A Moll
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, 80805 München, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Universe, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M R Monge
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - H K Moon
- Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - M Morandin
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - D R Muller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - R Mussa
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - E Nakano
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - H Nakazawa
- National Central University, Chung-li 32054, Taiwan
| | - M Nakao
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Nanut
- J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Nayak
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - H Neal
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - N K Nisar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - S Nishida
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - I M Nugent
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - B Oberhof
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J Ocariz
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - S Ogawa
- Toho University, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan
| | - S Okuno
- Kanagawa University, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - E O Olaiya
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - J Olsen
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - P Ongmongkolkul
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - G Onorato
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A P Onuchin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russian Federation
| | - Y Onuki
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - W Ostrowicz
- H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Krakow 31-342, Poland
| | - A Oyanguren
- IFIC, Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - G Pakhlova
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117218, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
| | - P Pakhlov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117218, Russian Federation
- Moscow Physical Engineering Institute, Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - B Pal
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - F Palombo
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Y Pan
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - W Panduro Vazquez
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - E Paoloni
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - C W Park
- Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - H Park
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - S Passaggio
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - P M Patel
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - C Patrignani
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - D J Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - T K Pedlar
- Luther College, Decorah, Iowa 52101, USA
| | - D R Peimer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - I M Peruzzi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | | | - R Pestotnik
- J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Petrič
- J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Piccolo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | | | - L E Piilonen
- CNP, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - A Pilloni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - G Piredda
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - S Playfer
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - F C Porter
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Posocco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - V Prasad
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India
| | - S Prell
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3160, USA
| | - R Prepost
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E M T Puccio
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4060, USA
| | - T Pulliam
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M V Purohit
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - M Rama
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - G Raven
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - E Ribežl
- J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - J D Richman
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - J L Ritchie
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - G Rizzo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - D A Roberts
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | | | - M Röhrken
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J M Roney
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - A Roodman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - A Rossi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Rostomyan
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - P Roudeau
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - R Sacco
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Y Sakai
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - S Sandilya
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - L Santelj
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - V Santoro
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - T Sanuki
- Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Y Sato
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - V Savinov
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - R H Schindler
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - O Schneider
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - G Schnell
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - T Schroeder
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - K R Schubert
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - B A Schumm
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - C Schwanda
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Vienna 1050, Austria
| | - A J Schwartz
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | | | - C Sciacca
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A Seiden
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - S J Sekula
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - K Senyo
- Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - O Seon
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - S I Serednyakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - M E Sevior
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - M Shapkin
- Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russian Federation
| | - V Shebalin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - C P Shen
- Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - T-A Shibata
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - J-G Shiu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - M Simard
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Simon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, 80805 München, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Universe, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - F Simonetto
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Yu I Skovpen
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - A J S Smith
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - J G Smith
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - A Snyder
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - R Y So
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - R J Sobie
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - A Soffer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Y-S Sohn
- Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - M D Sokoloff
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - A Sokolov
- Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russian Federation
| | - E P Solodov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - E Solovieva
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117218, Russian Federation
| | - B Spaan
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät Physik, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - S M Spanier
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - M Starič
- J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A Stocchi
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - R Stroili
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - B Stugu
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - D Su
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M K Sullivan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | | | - K Sumisawa
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Sumiyoshi
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - D J Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - L Sun
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - U Tamponi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - P Taras
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - N Tasneem
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - Y Teramoto
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - V Tisserand
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - K Yu Todyshev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - W H Toki
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - C Touramanis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - K Trabelsi
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Tsuboyama
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - M Uchida
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - T Uglov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117218, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Y Unno
- Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - S Uno
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Y Usov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - U Uwer
- Universität Heidelberg, Physikalisches Institut, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S E Vahsen
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - C Van Hulse
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - P Vanhoefer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, 80805 München, Germany
| | - G Varner
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - G Vasseur
- CEA, Irfu, SPP, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M Verderi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Vinokurova
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - L Vitale
- INFN Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - V Vorobyev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - C Voß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M N Wagner
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - S R Wagner
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - R Waldi
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - J J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - C H Wang
- National United University, Miao Li 36003, Taiwan
| | - M-Z Wang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - P Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Y Watanabe
- Kanagawa University, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - C A West
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - K M Williams
- CNP, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - F F Wilson
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - J R Wilson
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - W J Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - E Won
- Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - G Wormser
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D M Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S L Wu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - H W Wulsin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - H Yamamoto
- Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - J Yamaoka
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - S Yashchenko
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Z Yuan
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Y Yusa
- Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - A Zallo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - C C Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Z P Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - V Zhilich
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - V Zhulanov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - A Zupanc
- J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Zheng ZW, Hsu HH, Chen PC, Cheng CH. The Role of Oxygen Vacancies on Switching Characteristics of TiO(x) Resistive Memories. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2015; 15:4431-4434. [PMID: 26369061 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2015.9763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Using oxygen vacancy rich (VO-rich) TiO(x) dielectric with high work function Ni electrode, large resistance window of > 10x and narrow current distribution were realized in the Ni/VO-rich TiO(x)/TaN resistive random access memory (RRAM) device. It can be ascribed to the formation and rupture of conducting filaments by the percolation of VOs and Ti interstitials. Moreover, the effects of annealing treatment and top electrode on resistive switching properties were investigated. The device with VO-deficient TiO(x) after annealing reduces the defects and exhibits small window and low switching currents. The device with low work function Ti top electrode provides low barrier to increase reset currents and the randomly distributed filamentary paths forms near the Ti causes wide current distribution.
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36
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Stugu B, Brown DN, Kerth LT, Kolomensky YG, Lee MJ, Lynch G, Koch H, Schroeder T, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Khan A, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Lankford AJ, Dey B, Gary JW, Long O, Campagnari C, Franco Sevilla M, Hong TM, Kovalskyi D, Richman JD, West CA, Eisner AM, Lockman WS, Panduro Vazquez W, Schumm BA, Seiden A, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Miyashita TS, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Röhrken M, Andreassen R, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Pushpawela BG, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Bloom PC, Ford WT, Gaz A, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Ayad R, Toki WH, Spaan B, Bernard D, Verderi M, Playfer S, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Piemontese L, Santoro V, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Martellotti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rama M, Zallo A, Contri R, Lo Vetere M, Monge MR, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Robutti E, Bhuyan B, Prasad V, Adametz A, Uwer U, Lacker HM, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Prell S, Ahmed H, Gritsan AV, Arnaud N, Davier M, Derkach D, Grosdidier G, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Malaescu B, Roudeau P, Stocchi A, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Coleman JP, Fry JR, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Cowan G, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Fritsch M, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Schubert KR, Barlow RJ, Lafferty GD, Cenci R, Hamilton B, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Cowan R, Sciolla G, Cheaib R, Patel PM, Robertson SH, Neri N, Palombo F, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Sonnek P, Summers DJ, Simard M, Taras P, De Nardo G, Onorato G, Sciacca C, Martinelli M, Raven G, Jessop CP, LoSecco JM, Honscheid K, Kass R, Feltresi E, Margoni M, Morandin M, Posocco M, Rotondo M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Briand H, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Leruste P, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Biasini M, Manoni E, Pacetti S, Rossi A, Angelini C, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Cervelli A, Chrzaszcz M, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Perez A, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Lopes Pegna D, Olsen J, Smith AJS, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Gaspero M, Li Gioi L, Pilloni A, Piredda G, Bünger C, Dittrich S, Grünberg O, Hess M, Leddig T, Voß C, Waldi R, Adye T, Olaiya EO, Wilson FF, Emery S, Vasseur G, Aston D, Bard DJ, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Fulsom BG, Graham MT, Hast C, Innes WR, Kim P, Leith DWGS, Lindemann D, Luitz S, Luth V, Lynch HL, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Perl M, Pulliam T, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Salnikov AA, Schindler RH, Snyder A, Su D, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wisniewski WJ, Wulsin HW, Purohit MV, White RM, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Puccio EMT, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Schwitters RF, Wray BC, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, De Mori F, Filippi A, Gamba D, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Villanueva-Perez P, Albert J, Banerjee S, Beaulieu A, Bernlochner FU, Choi HHF, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lewczuk MJ, Lueck T, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Band HR, Dasu S, Pan Y, Prepost R, Wu SL. Search for Long-Lived Particles in e+ e- Collisions. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:171801. [PMID: 25978225 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.171801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a search for a neutral, long-lived particle L that is produced in e+ e- collisions and decays at a significant distance from the e+ e- interaction point into various flavor combinations of two oppositely charged tracks. The analysis uses an e+ e- data sample with a luminosity of 489.1 fb(-1) collected by the BABAR detector at the ϒ(4S), ϒ(3S), and ϒ(2S) resonances and just below the ϒ(4S). Fitting the two-track mass distribution in search of a signal peak, we do not observe a significant signal, and set 90% confidence level upper limits on the product of the L production cross section, branching fraction, and reconstruction efficiency for six possible two-body L decay modes as a function of the L mass. The efficiency is given for each final state as a function of the mass, lifetime, and transverse momentum of the candidate, allowing application of the upper limits to any production model. In addition, upper limits are provided on the branching fraction B(B→XsL), where Xs is a strange hadronic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Tisserand
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - E Grauges
- Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Fisica, Departament ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G Eigen
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - B Stugu
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - D N Brown
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L T Kerth
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu G Kolomensky
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M J Lee
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Lynch
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H Koch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Schroeder
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - C Hearty
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - T S Mattison
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - J A McKenna
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - R Y So
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - A Khan
- Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - V E Blinov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - A R Buzykaev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V P Druzhinin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V B Golubev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kravchenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A P Onuchin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - S I Serednyakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yu I Skovpen
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E P Solodov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - K Yu Todyshev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A J Lankford
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - B Dey
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - J W Gary
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - O Long
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - C Campagnari
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - M Franco Sevilla
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - T M Hong
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - D Kovalskyi
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - J D Richman
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - C A West
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A M Eisner
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W S Lockman
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W Panduro Vazquez
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - B A Schumm
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - A Seiden
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - D S Chao
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C H Cheng
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Echenard
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K T Flood
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D G Hitlin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T S Miyashita
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Ongmongkolkul
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F C Porter
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Röhrken
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Andreassen
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - Z Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - B T Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | | | - M D Sokoloff
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - L Sun
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - P C Bloom
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - W T Ford
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - A Gaz
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - J G Smith
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S R Wagner
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - R Ayad
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - W H Toki
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - B Spaan
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät Physik, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Bernard
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Verderi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - S Playfer
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Calabrese
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Fioravanti
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - V Santoro
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R de Sangro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Finocchiaro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Martellotti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - I M Peruzzi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Piccolo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Rama
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Zallo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R Contri
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - M Lo Vetere
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - M R Monge
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - S Passaggio
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - C Patrignani
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - E Robutti
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - B Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India
| | - V Prasad
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India
| | - A Adametz
- Universität Heidelberg, Physikalisches Institut, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - U Uwer
- Universität Heidelberg, Physikalisches Institut, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H M Lacker
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - U Mallik
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - C Chen
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3160, USA
| | - J Cochran
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3160, USA
| | - S Prell
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3160, USA
| | - H Ahmed
- Physics Department, Jazan University, Jazan 22822, Kingdom of Saudia Arabia
| | - A V Gritsan
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - N Arnaud
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - M Davier
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D Derkach
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - G Grosdidier
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - F Le Diberder
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - A M Lutz
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - B Malaescu
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - P Roudeau
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - A Stocchi
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - G Wormser
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D J Lange
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D M Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Coleman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - J R Fry
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - E Gabathuler
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D E Hutchcroft
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D J Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C Touramanis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A J Bevan
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - F Di Lodovico
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - R Sacco
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - G Cowan
- University of London, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - D N Brown
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - C L Davis
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - A G Denig
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Fritsch
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Gradl
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Griessinger
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Hafner
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K R Schubert
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R J Barlow
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G D Lafferty
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Cenci
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - B Hamilton
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D A Roberts
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Cowan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G Sciolla
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Cheaib
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - P M Patel
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | | | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Palombo
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - L Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - R Godang
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Sonnek
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - D J Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - M Simard
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - P Taras
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - G De Nardo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Onorato
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Sciacca
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - M Martinelli
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - G Raven
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C P Jessop
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - J M LoSecco
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R Kass
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - E Feltresi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Margoni
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Morandin
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Posocco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Simonetto
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R Stroili
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Akar
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - E Ben-Haim
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Bomben
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G R Bonneaud
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - H Briand
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Calderini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Chauveau
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Ph Leruste
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Marchiori
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Ocariz
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Biasini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Manoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - S Pacetti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - C Angelini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Batignani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Bettarini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Carpinelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Casarosa
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Cervelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - F Forti
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Giorgi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Lusiani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Oberhof
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Paoloni
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Perez
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Rizzo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - D Lopes Pegna
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - J Olsen
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - A J S Smith
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - F Anulli
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R Faccini
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Ferroni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - M Gaspero
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - L Li Gioi
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Pilloni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - G Piredda
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Bünger
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Dittrich
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - O Grünberg
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Hess
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Leddig
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - C Voß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - R Waldi
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Adye
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - E O Olaiya
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F F Wilson
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S Emery
- CEA, Irfu, SPP, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Vasseur
- CEA, Irfu, SPP, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Aston
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D J Bard
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M R Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J Dorfan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | | | - W Dunwoodie
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M Ebert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - R C Field
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B G Fulsom
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M T Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W R Innes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - P Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D W G S Leith
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D Lindemann
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - V Luth
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - H L Lynch
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D R Muller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - H Neal
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M Perl
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - T Pulliam
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - A Roodman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - A A Salnikov
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - R H Schindler
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - A Snyder
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D Su
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M K Sullivan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W J Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - H W Wulsin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M V Purohit
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - R M White
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J R Wilson
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - S J Sekula
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - M Bellis
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4060, USA
| | - P R Burchat
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4060, USA
| | - E M T Puccio
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4060, USA
| | - M S Alam
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - J A Ernst
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - R Gorodeisky
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - N Guttman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - D R Peimer
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - A Soffer
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - S M Spanier
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J L Ritchie
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - B C Wray
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - J M Izen
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - X C Lou
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - F Bianchi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F De Mori
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Filippi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - D Gamba
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - L Lanceri
- INFN Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - L Vitale
- INFN Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - A Oyanguren
- IFIC, Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - J Albert
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - Sw Banerjee
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - A Beaulieu
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - F U Bernlochner
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - H H F Choi
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - G J King
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - R Kowalewski
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - M J Lewczuk
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - T Lueck
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - I M Nugent
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - J M Roney
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - R J Sobie
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - N Tasneem
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - T J Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - P F Harrison
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T E Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - H R Band
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Dasu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Y Pan
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - R Prepost
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S L Wu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Stugu B, Brown DN, Kerth LT, Kolomensky YG, Lee MJ, Lynch G, Koch H, Schroeder T, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Khan A, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Lankford AJ, Mandelkern M, Dey B, Gary JW, Long O, Campagnari C, Franco Sevilla M, Hong TM, Kovalskyi D, Richman JD, West CA, Eisner AM, Lockman WS, Panduro Vazquez W, Schumm BA, Seiden A, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Miyashita TS, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Röhrken M, Andreassen R, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Pushpawela BG, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Bloom PC, Ford WT, Gaz A, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Ayad R, Toki WH, Spaan B, Bernard D, Verderi M, Playfer S, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Piemontese L, Santoro V, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Martellotti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rama M, Zallo A, Contri R, Lo Vetere M, Monge MR, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Robutti E, Bhuyan B, Prasad V, Adametz A, Uwer U, Lacker HM, Dauncey PD, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Prell S, Ahmed H, Gritsan AV, Arnaud N, Davier M, Derkach D, Grosdidier G, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Malaescu B, Roudeau P, Stocchi A, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Coleman JP, Fry JR, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Cowan G, Bougher J, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Fritsch M, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Schubert KR, Barlow RJ, Lafferty GD, Cenci R, Hamilton B, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Cowan R, Sciolla G, Cheaib R, Patel PM, Robertson SH, Neri N, Palombo F, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Sonnek P, Summers DJ, Simard M, Taras P, De Nardo G, Onorato G, Sciacca C, Martinelli M, Raven G, Jessop CP, LoSecco JM, Honscheid K, Kass R, Feltresi E, Margoni M, Morandin M, Posocco M, Rotondo M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Briand H, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Leruste P, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Biasini M, Manoni E, Pacetti S, Rossi A, Angelini C, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Cervelli A, Chrzaszcz M, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Perez A, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Lopes Pegna D, Olsen J, Smith AJS, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Gaspero M, Li Gioi L, Pilloni A, Piredda G, Bünger C, Dittrich S, Grünberg O, Hess M, Leddig T, Voß C, Waldi R, Adye T, Olaiya EO, Wilson FF, Emery S, Vasseur G, Anulli F, Aston D, Bard DJ, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Fulsom BG, Graham MT, Hast C, Innes WR, Kim P, Leith DWGS, Lewis P, Lindemann D, Luitz S, Luth V, Lynch HL, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Perl M, Pulliam T, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Salnikov AA, Schindler RH, Snyder A, Su D, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wisniewski WJ, Wulsin HW, Purohit MV, White RM, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Puccio EMT, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Ruland AM, Schwitters RF, Wray BC, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, De Mori F, Filippi A, Gamba D, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Villanueva-Perez P, Albert J, Banerjee S, Beaulieu A, Bernlochner FU, Choi HHF, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lewczuk MJ, Lueck T, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Band HR, Dasu S, Pan Y, Prepost R, Wu SL. Study of CP asymmetry in B^{0}-B[over ¯]^{0} mixing with inclusive dilepton events. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:081801. [PMID: 25768754 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.081801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a measurement of the asymmetry A_{CP} between same-sign inclusive dilepton samples ℓ^{+}ℓ^{+} and ℓ^{-}ℓ^{-} (ℓ=e, μ) from semileptonic B decays in ϒ(4S)→BB[over ¯] events, using the complete data set recorded by the BABAR experiment near the ϒ(4S) resonance, corresponding to 471×10^{6} BB[over ¯] pairs. The asymmetry A_{CP} allows comparison between the mixing probabilities P(B[over ¯]^{0}→B^{0}) and P(B^{0}→B[over ¯]^{0}), and therefore probes CP and T violation. The result, A_{CP}=[-3.9±3.5(stat)±1.9(syst)]×10^{-3}, is consistent with the standard model expectation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Tisserand
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - E Grauges
- Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Fisica, Departament ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G Eigen
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - B Stugu
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - D N Brown
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L T Kerth
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu G Kolomensky
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M J Lee
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Lynch
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H Koch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Schroeder
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - C Hearty
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - T S Mattison
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - J A McKenna
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - R Y So
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - A Khan
- Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - V E Blinov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - A R Buzykaev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V P Druzhinin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V B Golubev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kravchenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A P Onuchin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - S I Serednyakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yu I Skovpen
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E P Solodov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - K Yu Todyshev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A J Lankford
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - M Mandelkern
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - B Dey
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - J W Gary
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - O Long
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - C Campagnari
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - M Franco Sevilla
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - T M Hong
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - D Kovalskyi
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - J D Richman
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - C A West
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A M Eisner
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W S Lockman
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W Panduro Vazquez
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - B A Schumm
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - A Seiden
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - D S Chao
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C H Cheng
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Echenard
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K T Flood
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D G Hitlin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T S Miyashita
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Ongmongkolkul
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F C Porter
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Röhrken
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Andreassen
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - Z Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - B T Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | | | - M D Sokoloff
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - L Sun
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - P C Bloom
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - W T Ford
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - A Gaz
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - J G Smith
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S R Wagner
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - R Ayad
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - W H Toki
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - B Spaan
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät Physik, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Bernard
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Verderi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - S Playfer
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Calabrese
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Fioravanti
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - V Santoro
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R de Sangro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Finocchiaro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Martellotti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - I M Peruzzi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Piccolo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Rama
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Zallo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R Contri
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - M Lo Vetere
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - M R Monge
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - S Passaggio
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - C Patrignani
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - E Robutti
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - B Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India
| | - V Prasad
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India
| | - A Adametz
- Universität Heidelberg, Physikalisches Institut, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - U Uwer
- Universität Heidelberg, Physikalisches Institut, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H M Lacker
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - P D Dauncey
- Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - U Mallik
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - C Chen
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3160, USA
| | - J Cochran
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3160, USA
| | - S Prell
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3160, USA
| | - H Ahmed
- Physics Department, Jazan University, Jazan 22822, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A V Gritsan
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - N Arnaud
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - M Davier
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D Derkach
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - G Grosdidier
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - F Le Diberder
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - A M Lutz
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - B Malaescu
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - P Roudeau
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - A Stocchi
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - G Wormser
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D J Lange
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D M Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Coleman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - J R Fry
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - E Gabathuler
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D E Hutchcroft
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D J Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C Touramanis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A J Bevan
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - F Di Lodovico
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - R Sacco
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - G Cowan
- University of London, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - J Bougher
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - D N Brown
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - C L Davis
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - A G Denig
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Fritsch
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Gradl
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Griessinger
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Hafner
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K R Schubert
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R J Barlow
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G D Lafferty
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Cenci
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - B Hamilton
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D A Roberts
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Cowan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G Sciolla
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Cheaib
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - P M Patel
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | | | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Palombo
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - L Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - R Godang
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Sonnek
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - D J Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - M Simard
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - P Taras
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - G De Nardo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Onorato
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Sciacca
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - M Martinelli
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - G Raven
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C P Jessop
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - J M LoSecco
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R Kass
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - E Feltresi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Margoni
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Morandin
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Posocco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Simonetto
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R Stroili
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Akar
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - E Ben-Haim
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Bomben
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G R Bonneaud
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - H Briand
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Calderini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Chauveau
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Ph Leruste
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Marchiori
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Ocariz
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Biasini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Manoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - S Pacetti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - C Angelini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Batignani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Bettarini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Carpinelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Casarosa
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Cervelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - F Forti
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Giorgi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Lusiani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Oberhof
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Paoloni
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Perez
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Rizzo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - D Lopes Pegna
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - J Olsen
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - A J S Smith
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - R Faccini
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Ferroni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - M Gaspero
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - L Li Gioi
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Pilloni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - G Piredda
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Bünger
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Dittrich
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - O Grünberg
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Hess
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Leddig
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - C Voß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - R Waldi
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Adye
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - E O Olaiya
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F F Wilson
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S Emery
- CEA, Irfu, SPP, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Vasseur
- CEA, Irfu, SPP, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - F Anulli
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D Aston
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D J Bard
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M R Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J Dorfan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | | | - W Dunwoodie
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M Ebert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - R C Field
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B G Fulsom
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M T Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W R Innes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - P Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D W G S Leith
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - P Lewis
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D Lindemann
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - V Luth
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - H L Lynch
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D R Muller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - H Neal
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M Perl
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - T Pulliam
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - A Roodman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - A A Salnikov
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - R H Schindler
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - A Snyder
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D Su
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M K Sullivan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W J Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - H W Wulsin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M V Purohit
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - R M White
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J R Wilson
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - S J Sekula
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - M Bellis
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4060, USA
| | - P R Burchat
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4060, USA
| | - E M T Puccio
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4060, USA
| | - M S Alam
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - J A Ernst
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - R Gorodeisky
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - N Guttman
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - D R Peimer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - A Soffer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - S M Spanier
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J L Ritchie
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - A M Ruland
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - B C Wray
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - J M Izen
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - X C Lou
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - F Bianchi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F De Mori
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Filippi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - D Gamba
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - L Lanceri
- INFN Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - L Vitale
- INFN Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - A Oyanguren
- IFIC, Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - J Albert
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - Sw Banerjee
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - A Beaulieu
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - F U Bernlochner
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - H H F Choi
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - G J King
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R Kowalewski
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - M J Lewczuk
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T Lueck
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - I M Nugent
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - J M Roney
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R J Sobie
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - N Tasneem
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T J Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - P F Harrison
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T E Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - H R Band
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Dasu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Y Pan
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - R Prepost
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S L Wu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Cheng CH, Chou KI, Hsu HH. Low-Voltage InGaZnO Thin Film Transistors with Small Sub-Threshold Swing. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2015; 15:1486-1489. [PMID: 26353677 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2015.9066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a low-voltage driven, indium-gallium-zinc oxide thin-film transistor using high-κ LaAlO3 gate dielectric. A low VT of 0.42 V, very small sub-threshold swing of 68 mV/dec, field-effect mobility of 4.1 cm2/Ns and low operation voltage of 1.4 V were reached simultaneously in LaAlO3/IGZO TFT device. This low-power and small SS TFT has the potential for fast switching speed and low power applications.
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39
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Stugu B, Brown DN, Feng M, Kerth LT, Kolomensky YG, Lee MJ, Lynch G, Koch H, Schroeder T, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Khan A, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Lankford AJ, Mandelkern M, Dey B, Gary JW, Long O, Campagnari C, Franco Sevilla M, Hong TM, Kovalskyi D, Richman JD, West CA, Eisner AM, Lockman WS, Panduro Vazquez W, Schumm BA, Seiden A, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Miyashita TS, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Andreassen R, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Pushpawela BG, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Bloom PC, Ford WT, Gaz A, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Ayad R, Toki WH, Spaan B, Bernard D, Verderi M, Playfer S, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Piemontese L, Santoro V, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Martellotti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rama M, Zallo A, Contri R, Lo Vetere M, Monge MR, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Robutti E, Bhuyan B, Prasad V, Adametz A, Uwer U, Lacker HM, Dauncey PD, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Prell S, Ahmed H, Gritsan AV, Arnaud N, Davier M, Derkach D, Grosdidier G, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Malaescu B, Roudeau P, Stocchi A, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Coleman JP, Fry JR, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Cowan G, Bougher J, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Fritsch M, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Schubert KR, Barlow RJ, Lafferty GD, Cenci R, Hamilton B, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Cowan R, Sciolla G, Cheaib R, Patel PM, Robertson SH, Neri N, Palombo F, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Sonnek P, Summers DJ, Simard M, Taras P, De Nardo G, Onorato G, Sciacca C, Martinelli M, Raven G, Jessop CP, LoSecco JM, Honscheid K, Kass R, Feltresi E, Margoni M, Morandin M, Posocco M, Rotondo M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Briand H, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Leruste P, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Biasini M, Manoni E, Pacetti S, Rossi A, Angelini C, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Cervelli A, Chrzaszcz M, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Perez A, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Lopes Pegna D, Olsen J, Smith AJS, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Gaspero M, Li Gioi L, Pilloni A, Piredda G, Bünger C, Dittrich S, Grünberg O, Hartmann T, Hess M, Leddig T, Voß C, Waldi R, Adye T, Olaiya EO, Wilson FF, Emery S, Vasseur G, Anulli F, Aston D, Bard DJ, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Fulsom BG, Graham MT, Hast C, Innes WR, Kim P, Leith DWGS, Lewis P, Lindemann D, Luitz S, Luth V, Lynch HL, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Perl M, Pulliam T, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Salnikov AA, Schindler RH, Snyder A, Su D, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wisniewski WJ, Wulsin HW, Purohit MV, White RM, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Puccio EMT, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Ruland AM, Schwitters RF, Wray BC, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, De Mori F, Filippi A, Gamba D, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Villanueva-Perez P, Albert J, Banerjee S, Beaulieu A, Bernlochner FU, Choi HHF, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lewczuk MJ, Lueck T, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Band HR, Dasu S, Pan Y, Prepost R, Wu SL. Search for a dark photon in e(+)e(-) collisions at BABAR. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:201801. [PMID: 25432035 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.201801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Dark sectors charged under a new Abelian interaction have recently received much attention in the context of dark matter models. These models introduce a light new mediator, the so-called dark photon (A^{'}), connecting the dark sector to the standard model. We present a search for a dark photon in the reaction e^{+}e^{-}→γA^{'}, A^{'}→e^{+}e^{-}, μ^{+}μ^{-} using 514 fb^{-1} of data collected with the BABAR detector. We observe no statistically significant deviations from the standard model predictions, and we set 90% confidence level upper limits on the mixing strength between the photon and dark photon at the level of 10^{-4}-10^{-3} for dark photon masses in the range 0.02-10.2 GeV. We further constrain the range of the parameter space favored by interpretations of the discrepancy between the calculated and measured anomalous magnetic moment of the muon.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Tisserand
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - E Grauges
- Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Fisica, Departament ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G Eigen
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - B Stugu
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - D N Brown
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Feng
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L T Kerth
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu G Kolomensky
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M J Lee
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Lynch
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H Koch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Schroeder
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - C Hearty
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - T S Mattison
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - J A McKenna
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - R Y So
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - A Khan
- Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - V E Blinov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia and Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - A R Buzykaev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V P Druzhinin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V B Golubev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kravchenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A P Onuchin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia and Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - S I Serednyakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yu I Skovpen
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E P Solodov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - K Yu Todyshev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A J Lankford
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - M Mandelkern
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - B Dey
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - J W Gary
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - O Long
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - C Campagnari
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - M Franco Sevilla
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - T M Hong
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - D Kovalskyi
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - J D Richman
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - C A West
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A M Eisner
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W S Lockman
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W Panduro Vazquez
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - B A Schumm
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - A Seiden
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - D S Chao
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C H Cheng
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Echenard
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K T Flood
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D G Hitlin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T S Miyashita
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Ongmongkolkul
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F C Porter
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Andreassen
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - Z Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - B T Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | | | - M D Sokoloff
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - L Sun
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - P C Bloom
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - W T Ford
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - A Gaz
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - J G Smith
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S R Wagner
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - R Ayad
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - W H Toki
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - B Spaan
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät Physik, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Bernard
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Verderi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - S Playfer
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Calabrese
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Fioravanti
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - V Santoro
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R de Sangro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Finocchiaro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Martellotti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - I M Peruzzi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Piccolo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Rama
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Zallo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R Contri
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - M Lo Vetere
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - M R Monge
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - S Passaggio
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - C Patrignani
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - E Robutti
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - B Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India
| | - V Prasad
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India
| | - A Adametz
- Universität Heidelberg, Physikalisches Institut, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - U Uwer
- Universität Heidelberg, Physikalisches Institut, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H M Lacker
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - P D Dauncey
- Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - U Mallik
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - C Chen
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3160, USA
| | - J Cochran
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3160, USA
| | - S Prell
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3160, USA
| | - H Ahmed
- Physics Department, Jazan University, Jazan 22822, Kingdom of Saudia Arabia
| | - A V Gritsan
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - N Arnaud
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - M Davier
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D Derkach
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - G Grosdidier
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - F Le Diberder
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - A M Lutz
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - B Malaescu
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - P Roudeau
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - A Stocchi
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - G Wormser
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D J Lange
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D M Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Coleman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - J R Fry
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - E Gabathuler
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D E Hutchcroft
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D J Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C Touramanis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A J Bevan
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - F Di Lodovico
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - R Sacco
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - G Cowan
- University of London, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - J Bougher
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - D N Brown
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - C L Davis
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - A G Denig
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Fritsch
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Gradl
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Griessinger
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Hafner
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K R Schubert
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R J Barlow
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G D Lafferty
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Cenci
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - B Hamilton
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D A Roberts
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Cowan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G Sciolla
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Cheaib
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - P M Patel
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | | | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Palombo
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - L Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - R Godang
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Sonnek
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - D J Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - M Simard
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - P Taras
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - G De Nardo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Onorato
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Sciacca
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - M Martinelli
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - G Raven
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C P Jessop
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - J M LoSecco
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R Kass
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - E Feltresi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Margoni
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Morandin
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Posocco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Simonetto
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R Stroili
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Akar
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - E Ben-Haim
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Bomben
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G R Bonneaud
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - H Briand
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Calderini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Chauveau
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Ph Leruste
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Marchiori
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Ocariz
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Biasini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Manoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - S Pacetti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - C Angelini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Batignani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Bettarini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Carpinelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Casarosa
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Cervelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - F Forti
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Giorgi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Lusiani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Oberhof
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Paoloni
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Perez
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Rizzo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - D Lopes Pegna
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - J Olsen
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - A J S Smith
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - R Faccini
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Ferroni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - M Gaspero
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - L Li Gioi
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Pilloni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - G Piredda
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Bünger
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Dittrich
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - O Grünberg
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Hartmann
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Hess
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Leddig
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - C Voß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - R Waldi
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Adye
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - E O Olaiya
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F F Wilson
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S Emery
- CEA, Irfu, SPP, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Vasseur
- CEA, Irfu, SPP, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - F Anulli
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D Aston
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D J Bard
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M R Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J Dorfan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | | | - W Dunwoodie
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M Ebert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - R C Field
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B G Fulsom
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M T Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W R Innes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - P Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D W G S Leith
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - P Lewis
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D Lindemann
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - V Luth
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - H L Lynch
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D R Muller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - H Neal
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M Perl
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - T Pulliam
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - A Roodman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - A A Salnikov
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - R H Schindler
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - A Snyder
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D Su
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M K Sullivan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W J Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - H W Wulsin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M V Purohit
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - R M White
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J R Wilson
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - S J Sekula
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - M Bellis
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4060, USA
| | - P R Burchat
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4060, USA
| | - E M T Puccio
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4060, USA
| | - M S Alam
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - J A Ernst
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - R Gorodeisky
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - N Guttman
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - D R Peimer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - A Soffer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - S M Spanier
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J L Ritchie
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - A M Ruland
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - B C Wray
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - J M Izen
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - X C Lou
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - F Bianchi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F De Mori
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Filippi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - D Gamba
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - L Lanceri
- INFN Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - L Vitale
- INFN Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - A Oyanguren
- IFIC, Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - J Albert
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - Sw Banerjee
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - A Beaulieu
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - F U Bernlochner
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - H H F Choi
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - G J King
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R Kowalewski
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - M J Lewczuk
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T Lueck
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - I M Nugent
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - J M Roney
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R J Sobie
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - N Tasneem
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T J Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - P F Harrison
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T E Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - H R Band
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Dasu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Y Pan
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - R Prepost
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S L Wu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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40
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Liao SY, Lu CC, Chang T, Huang CF, Cheng CH, Chang LB. Gate length scaling effect on high-electron mobility transistors devices using AlGaN/GaN and AlInN/AlN/GaN heterostructures. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2014; 14:6243-6246. [PMID: 25936096 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2014.8726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Compared to AlGaN/GaN HEMT with 0.15 μm T-gate length, the AlInN/AlN/GaN one exhibits much higher current density and transconductance of 1558 mA/mm at Vd = 2 V and 330 mS/mm, respectively. The high extrinsic ft and fmax of 82 GHz and 70 GHz are extracted from AlInN/AlN/GaN HEMT. Besides, we find that the transconductance roll-off is significant in AlGaN/GaN, but largely improved in AlInN/AlN/GaN HEMT, suggesting that the high carrier density and lattice-matched epitaxial heterostructure is important to reach both large RF output power and high operation frequency, especially for an aggressively gate length scaling.
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41
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Cheng CH. Schottky-barrier resistive memory with highly uniform switching. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2014; 14:5166-5170. [PMID: 24757996 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2014.8723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Using stacked GeO/SrTiO resistive memory with high-work-function Ni electrode, forming-free switching, low sub-microW power and highly uniform current distributions (on-off ratio > 1000x) are realized. The Schottky barrier at Ni/GeO(x) interface and current compliance function can effectively stabilize electron hopping between oxygen vacancies to reach uniform voltage and current distributions under a sub-microW operating power.
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Stugu B, Brown DN, Kerth LT, Kolomensky YG, Lee MJ, Lynch G, Koch H, Schroeder T, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Khan A, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Yushkov AN, Kirkby D, Lankford AJ, Mandelkern M, Dey B, Gary JW, Long O, Vitug GM, Campagnari C, Franco Sevilla M, Hong TM, Kovalskyi D, Richman JD, West CA, Eisner AM, Lockman WS, Martinez AJ, Schumm BA, Seiden A, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Andreassen R, Fabby C, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Bloom PC, Ford WT, Gaz A, Nauenberg U, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Ayad R, Toki WH, Spaan B, Schubert KR, Schwierz R, Bernard D, Verderi M, Playfer S, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Piemontese L, Santoro V, Baldini-Ferroli R, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Martellotti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rama M, Zallo A, Contri R, Guido E, Lo Vetere M, Monge MR, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Robutti E, Bhuyan B, Prasad V, Morii M, Adametz A, Uwer U, Lacker HM, Dauncey PD, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Meyer WT, Prell S, Rubin AE, Gritsan AV, Arnaud N, Davier M, Derkach D, Grosdidier G, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Malaescu B, Roudeau P, Stocchi A, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Coleman JP, Fry JR, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Cowan G, Bougher J, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Fritsch M, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Prencipe E, Barlow RJ, Lafferty GD, Behn E, Cenci R, Hamilton B, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Cowan R, Dujmic D, Sciolla G, Cheaib R, Patel PM, Robertson SH, Biassoni P, Neri N, Palombo F, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Sonnek P, Summers DJ, Nguyen X, Simard M, Taras P, De Nardo G, Monorchio D, Onorato G, Sciacca C, Martinelli M, Raven G, Jessop CP, LoSecco JM, Honscheid K, Kass R, Brau J, Frey R, Sinev NB, Strom D, Torrence E, Feltresi E, Margoni M, Morandin M, Posocco M, Rotondo M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Briand H, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Leruste P, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Sitt S, Biasini M, Manoni E, Pacetti S, Rossi A, Angelini C, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Cervelli A, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Perez A, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Lopes Pegna D, Olsen J, Smith AJS, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Gaspero M, Li Gioi L, Piredda G, Bünger C, Grünberg O, Hartmann T, Leddig T, Voß C, Waldi R, Adye T, Olaiya EO, Wilson FF, Emery S, Hamel de Monchenault G, Vasseur G, Yèche C, Anulli F, Aston D, Bard DJ, Benitez JF, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Fulsom BG, Gabareen AM, Graham MT, Hast C, Innes WR, Kim P, Kocian ML, Leith DWGS, Lewis P, Lindemann D, Lindquist B, Luitz S, Luth V, Lynch HL, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Nelson S, Perl M, Pulliam T, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Salnikov AA, Schindler RH, Snyder A, Su D, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wagner AP, Wang WF, Wisniewski WJ, Wittgen M, Wright DH, Wulsin HW, Ziegler V, Park W, Purohit MV, White RM, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Miyashita TS, Puccio EMT, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Ruland AM, Schwitters RF, Wray BC, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, De Mori F, Filippi A, Gamba D, Zambito S, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Villanueva-Perez P, Ahmed H, Albert J, Banerjee S, Bernlochner FU, Choi HHF, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lewczuk MJ, Lueck T, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Band HR, Dasu S, Pan Y, Prepost R, Wu SL. Measurement of the D*(2010)+ meson width and the D*(2010)+ - D0 mass difference. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:111801. [PMID: 24074072 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We measure the mass difference Δm0 between the D*(2010)+ and the D0 and the natural linewidth Γ of the transition D*(2010)+ → D0π+. The data were recorded with the BABAR detector at center-of-mass energies at and near the Υ(4S) resonance, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of approximately 477 fb(-1). The D0 is reconstructed in the decay modes D0 → K- π+ and D0 → K- π+ π- π+. For the decay mode D0 → K- π+ we obtain Γ = (83.4±1.7±1.5) keV and Δm0 = (145425.6±0.6±1.7) keV, [corrected] where the quoted errors are statistical and systematic, respectively. For the D0 → K- π+ π- π+ mode we obtain Γ = (83.2±1.5±2.6) keV and Δm0 = (145426.6±0.5±1.9) keV. [corrected] The combined measurements yield Γ = (83.3±1.2±1.4) keV and Δm0 = (145425.9±0.4±1.7) keV; the width is a factor of approximately 12 times more precise than the previous value, while the mass difference is a factor of approximately 6 times more precise.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
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Ozhgibesov MS, Leu TS, Cheng CH, Utkin AV. Studies on argon collisions with smooth and rough tungsten surfaces. J Mol Graph Model 2013; 45:45-9. [PMID: 24007943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to investigate argon scattering behaviors on the smooth and rough tungsten surfaces. Current work deals with numerical simulation of nanoscale heat transfer process accompanying with rarefied gas-solid substrate interactions using molecular dynamics (MD) method. Taking into account that this method is very time consuming, MD simulation using CUDA capable Graphic Cards is implemented. The results found that imperfection of the surface significantly influences on gas atom's momentum change upon collision. However, the energy exchange rate remains unchanged regardless to the surface roughness. This finding is in contrast with the results in extant literatures. We believed the results found in this paper are important for both numerical and theoretical analyses of rarefied gas flow in micro- and nano-systems where the choice of boundary conditions significantly influences flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Ozhgibesov
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC.
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44
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Stugu B, Brown DN, Kerth LT, Kolomensky YG, Lee MJ, Lynch G, Koch H, Schroeder T, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Khan A, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Yushkov AN, Kirkby D, Lankford AJ, Mandelkern M, Dey B, Gary JW, Long O, Vitug GM, Campagnari C, Franco Sevilla M, Hong TM, Kovalskyi D, Richman JD, West CA, Eisner AM, Lockman WS, Martinez AJ, Schumm BA, Seiden A, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Andreassen R, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Bloom PC, Ford WT, Gaz A, Nauenberg U, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Ayad R, Toki WH, Spaan B, Schubert KR, Schwierz R, Bernard D, Verderi M, Playfer S, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Piemontese L, Santoro V, Baldini-Ferroli R, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Martellotti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rama M, Zallo A, Contri R, Guido E, Lo Vetere M, Monge MR, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Robutti E, Bhuyan B, Prasad V, Morii M, Adametz A, Uwer U, Lacker HM, Dauncey PD, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Meyer WT, Prell S, Rubin AE, Gritsan AV, Arnaud N, Davier M, Derkach D, Grosdidier G, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Malaescu B, Roudeau P, Stocchi A, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Coleman JP, Fry JR, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Cowan G, Bougher J, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Fritsch M, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Prencipe E, Barlow RJ, Lafferty GD, Behn E, Cenci R, Hamilton B, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Cowan R, Dujmic D, Sciolla G, Cheaib R, Patel PM, Robertson SH, Biassoni P, Neri N, Palombo F, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Sonnek P, Summers DJ, Nguyen X, Simard M, Taras P, De Nardo G, Monorchio D, Onorato G, Sciacca C, Martinelli M, Raven G, Jessop CP, LoSecco JM, Honscheid K, Kass R, Brau J, Frey R, Sinev NB, Strom D, Torrence E, Feltresi E, Margoni M, Morandin M, Posocco M, Rotondo M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Briand H, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Leruste P, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Sitt S, Biasini M, Manoni E, Pacetti S, Rossi A, Angelini C, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Cervelli A, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Perez A, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Lopes Pegna D, Olsen J, Smith AJS, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Gaspero M, Li Gioi L, Piredda G, Bünger C, Grünberg O, Hartmann T, Leddig T, Voß C, Waldi R, Adye T, Olaiya EO, Wilson FF, Emery S, Hamel de Monchenault G, Vasseur G, Yèche C, Anulli F, Aston D, Bard DJ, Benitez JF, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Fulsom BG, Gabareen AM, Graham MT, Hast C, Innes WR, Kim P, Kocian ML, Leith DWGS, Lewis P, Lindemann D, Lindquist B, Luitz S, Luth V, Lynch HL, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Nelson S, Perl M, Pulliam T, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Salnikov AA, Schindler RH, Snyder A, Su D, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wagner AP, Wang WF, Wisniewski WJ, Wittgen M, Wright DH, Wulsin HW, Ziegler V, Park W, Purohit MV, White RM, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Miyashita TS, Puccio EMT, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Ruland AM, Schwitters RF, Wray BC, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, De Mori F, Filippi A, Gamba D, Zambito S, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Villanueva-Perez P, Ahmed H, Albert J, Banerjee S, Bernlochner FU, Choi HHF, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lewczuk MJ, Lueck T, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Band HR, Dasu S, Pan Y, Prepost R, Wu SL. Search for CP violation in B0-B0 mixing using partial reconstruction of B0→D*- Xℓ+ νℓ and a kaon tag. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:101802. [PMID: 25166652 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.101802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present results of a search for CP violation in B0- B0 mixing with the BABAR detector. We select a sample of B0→D*- Xℓ+ ν decays with a partial reconstruction method and use kaon tagging to assess the flavor of the other B meson in the event. We determine the CP violating asymmetry ACP≡[N(B0B0)-N(B0B0)]/[N(B0B0)+N(B0B0)]=(0.06±0.17(-0.32)(+0.38))%, corresponding to ΔCP=1-|q/p|=(0.29±0.84(-1.61)(+1.88))×10(-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Tisserand
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - E Grauges
- Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Fisica, Departament ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G Eigen
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - B Stugu
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - D N Brown
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L T Kerth
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu G Kolomensky
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M J Lee
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Lynch
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H Koch
- Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, Ruhr Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Schroeder
- Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, Ruhr Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - C Hearty
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - T S Mattison
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - J A McKenna
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - R Y So
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - A Khan
- Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - V E Blinov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia and Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - A R Buzykaev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V P Druzhinin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V B Golubev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kravchenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A P Onuchin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia and Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - S I Serednyakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yu I Skovpen
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E P Solodov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - K Yu Todyshev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A N Yushkov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - D Kirkby
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - A J Lankford
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - M Mandelkern
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - B Dey
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - J W Gary
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - O Long
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - G M Vitug
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - C Campagnari
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - M Franco Sevilla
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - T M Hong
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - D Kovalskyi
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - J D Richman
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - C A West
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A M Eisner
- Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, University of California at Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W S Lockman
- Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, University of California at Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - A J Martinez
- Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, University of California at Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - B A Schumm
- Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, University of California at Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - A Seiden
- Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, University of California at Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - D S Chao
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C H Cheng
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Echenard
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K T Flood
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D G Hitlin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Ongmongkolkul
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F C Porter
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Andreassen
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - Z Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - B T Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - M D Sokoloff
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - L Sun
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - P C Bloom
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - W T Ford
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - A Gaz
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - U Nauenberg
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - J G Smith
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S R Wagner
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - R Ayad
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - W H Toki
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - B Spaan
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät Physik, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - K R Schubert
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - R Schwierz
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - D Bernard
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Verderi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - S Playfer
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Calabrese
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Fioravanti
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - V Santoro
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R de Sangro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Finocchiaro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Martellotti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - I M Peruzzi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Piccolo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Rama
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Zallo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R Contri
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - E Guido
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - M Lo Vetere
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - M R Monge
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - S Passaggio
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - C Patrignani
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - E Robutti
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - B Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India
| | - V Prasad
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India
| | - M Morii
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - A Adametz
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - U Uwer
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H M Lacker
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - P D Dauncey
- Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - U Mallik
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - C Chen
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3160, USA
| | - J Cochran
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3160, USA
| | - W T Meyer
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3160, USA
| | - S Prell
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3160, USA
| | - A E Rubin
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3160, USA
| | - A V Gritsan
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - N Arnaud
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - M Davier
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D Derkach
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - G Grosdidier
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - F Le Diberder
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - A M Lutz
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - B Malaescu
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - P Roudeau
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - A Stocchi
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - G Wormser
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D J Lange
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D M Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Coleman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - J R Fry
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - E Gabathuler
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D E Hutchcroft
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D J Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C Touramanis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A J Bevan
- Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - F Di Lodovico
- Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - R Sacco
- Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - G Cowan
- University of London, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - J Bougher
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - D N Brown
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - C L Davis
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - A G Denig
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Fritsch
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Gradl
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Griessinger
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Hafner
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - E Prencipe
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R J Barlow
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G D Lafferty
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - E Behn
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Cenci
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - B Hamilton
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D A Roberts
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Cowan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Dujmic
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G Sciolla
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Cheaib
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - P M Patel
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | | | - P Biassoni
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Palombo
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - L Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - R Godang
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Sonnek
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - D J Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - X Nguyen
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - M Simard
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - P Taras
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - G De Nardo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - D Monorchio
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Onorato
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Sciacca
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - M Martinelli
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Raven
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C P Jessop
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - J M LoSecco
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R Kass
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - J Brau
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - R Frey
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - N B Sinev
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - D Strom
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - E Torrence
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - E Feltresi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Margoni
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Morandin
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Posocco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Simonetto
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R Stroili
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Akar
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - E Ben-Haim
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Bomben
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G R Bonneaud
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - H Briand
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Calderini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Chauveau
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Ph Leruste
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Marchiori
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Ocariz
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - S Sitt
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Biasini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Manoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - S Pacetti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - C Angelini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Batignani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Bettarini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Carpinelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Casarosa
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Cervelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Forti
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Giorgi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Lusiani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Oberhof
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Paoloni
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Perez
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Rizzo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - D Lopes Pegna
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - J Olsen
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - A J S Smith
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - R Faccini
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Ferroni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - M Gaspero
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - L Li Gioi
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - G Piredda
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Bünger
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - O Grünberg
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Hartmann
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Leddig
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - C Voß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - R Waldi
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Adye
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - E O Olaiya
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F F Wilson
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S Emery
- CEA, Irfu, SPP, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - G Vasseur
- CEA, Irfu, SPP, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ch Yèche
- CEA, Irfu, SPP, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - F Anulli
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D Aston
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D J Bard
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - J F Benitez
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M R Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - J Dorfan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | | | - W Dunwoodie
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M Ebert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - R C Field
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - B G Fulsom
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - A M Gabareen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M T Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - W R Innes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - P Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M L Kocian
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D W G S Leith
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - P Lewis
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D Lindemann
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - B Lindquist
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - V Luth
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - H L Lynch
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D R Muller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - H Neal
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - S Nelson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M Perl
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - T Pulliam
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - A Roodman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - A A Salnikov
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - R H Schindler
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - A Snyder
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D Su
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M K Sullivan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - A P Wagner
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - W F Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - W J Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M Wittgen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D H Wright
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - H W Wulsin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - V Ziegler
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - W Park
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - M V Purohit
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - R M White
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J R Wilson
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - S J Sekula
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - M Bellis
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4060, USA
| | - P R Burchat
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4060, USA
| | - T S Miyashita
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4060, USA
| | - E M T Puccio
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4060, USA
| | - M S Alam
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - J A Ernst
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - R Gorodeisky
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - N Guttman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - D R Peimer
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - A Soffer
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - S M Spanier
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J L Ritchie
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - A M Ruland
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - B C Wray
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - J M Izen
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - X C Lou
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - F Bianchi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F De Mori
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Filippi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - D Gamba
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - S Zambito
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - L Lanceri
- INFN Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - L Vitale
- INFN Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - A Oyanguren
- IFIC, Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - H Ahmed
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - J Albert
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - Sw Banerjee
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - F U Bernlochner
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - H H F Choi
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - G J King
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R Kowalewski
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - M J Lewczuk
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T Lueck
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - I M Nugent
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - J M Roney
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R J Sobie
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - N Tasneem
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T J Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - P F Harrison
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T E Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - H R Band
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Dasu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Y Pan
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - R Prepost
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S L Wu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Garra Tico J, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Stugu B, Brown DN, Kerth LT, Kolomensky YG, Lynch G, Koch H, Schroeder T, Asgeirsson DJ, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Khan A, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Yushkov AN, Bondioli M, Kirkby D, Lankford AJ, Mandelkern M, Atmacan H, Gary JW, Liu F, Long O, Vitug GM, Campagnari C, Hong TM, Kovalskyi D, Richman JD, West CA, Eisner AM, Kroseberg J, Lockman WS, Martinez AJ, Schumm BA, Seiden A, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Rakitin AY, Andreassen R, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Bloom PC, Ford WT, Gaz A, Nauenberg U, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Ayad R, Toki WH, Spaan B, Schubert KR, Schwierz R, Bernard D, Verderi M, Clark PJ, Playfer S, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Munerato M, Piemontese L, Santoro V, Baldini-Ferroli R, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rama M, Zallo A, Contri R, Guido E, Lo Vetere M, Monge MR, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Robutti E, Bhuyan B, Prasad V, Lee CL, Morii M, Edwards AJ, Adametz A, Uwer U, Lacker HM, Lueck T, Dauncey PD, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Meyer WT, Prell S, Rubin AE, Gritsan AV, Guo ZJ, Arnaud N, Davier M, Derkach D, Grosdidier G, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Malaescu B, Roudeau P, Schune MH, Stocchi A, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Chavez CA, Coleman JP, Fry JR, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Sigamani M, Cowan G, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Fritsch M, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Prencipe E, Barlow RJ, Jackson G, Lafferty GD, Behn E, Cenci R, Hamilton B, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Dallapiccola C, Cowan R, Dujmic D, Sciolla G, Cheaib R, Lindemann D, Patel PM, Robertson SH, Biassoni P, Neri N, Palombo F, Stracka S, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Kroeger R, Sonnek P, Summers DJ, Nguyen X, Simard M, Taras P, De Nardo G, Monorchio D, Onorato G, Sciacca C, Martinelli M, Raven G, Jessop CP, Losecco JM, Wang WF, Honscheid K, Kass R, Brau J, Frey R, Sinev NB, Strom D, Torrence E, Feltresi E, Gagliardi N, Margoni M, Morandin M, Pompili A, Posocco M, Rotondo M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Briand H, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Hamon O, Leruste P, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Sitt S, Biasini M, Manoni E, Pacetti S, Rossi A, Angelini C, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Cervelli A, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Perez A, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Lopes Pegna D, Olsen J, Smith AJS, Telnov AV, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Gaspero M, Li Gioi L, Mazzoni MA, Piredda G, Bünger C, Grünberg O, Hartmann T, Leddig T, Schröder H, Voss C, Waldi R, Adye T, Olaiya EO, Wilson FF, Emery S, Hamel de Monchenault G, Vasseur G, Yèche C, Aston D, Bard DJ, Bartoldus R, Benitez JF, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Franco Sevilla M, Fulsom BG, Gabareen AM, Graham MT, Grenier P, Hast C, Innes WR, Kelsey MH, Kim P, Kocian ML, Leith DWGS, Lewis P, Lindquist B, Luitz S, Luth V, Lynch HL, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Nelson S, Perl M, Pulliam T, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Salnikov AA, Schindler RH, Snyder A, Su D, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wagner AP, Wisniewski WJ, Wittgen M, Wright DH, Wulsin HW, Young CC, Ziegler V, Park W, Purohit MV, White RM, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Miyashita TS, Puccio EMT, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Lund P, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Ruland AM, Schwitters RF, Wray BC, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, Gamba D, Zambito S, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Bernabeu J, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Villanueva-Perez P, Ahmed H, Albert J, Banerjee S, Bernlochner FU, Choi HHF, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lewczuk MJ, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Band HR, Dasu S, Pan Y, Prepost R, Wu SL. Observation of time-reversal violation in the B0 meson system. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:211801. [PMID: 23215586 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.211801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Although CP violation in the B meson system has been well established by the B factories, there has been no direct observation of time-reversal violation. The decays of entangled neutral B mesons into definite flavor states (B(0) or B(0)), and J/ψK(L)(0) or ccK(S)(0) final states (referred to as B(+) or B(-)), allow comparisons between the probabilities of four pairs of T-conjugated transitions, for example, B(0) → B(-) and B(-) → B(0), as a function of the time difference between the two B decays. Using 468 × 10(6) BB pairs produced in Υ(4S) decays collected by the BABAR detector at SLAC, we measure T-violating parameters in the time evolution of neutral B mesons, yielding ΔS(T)(+) = -1.37 ± 0.14(stat) ± 0.06(syst) and ΔS(T)(-) = 1.17 ± 0.18(stat) ± 0.11(syst). These nonzero results represent the first direct observation of T violation through the exchange of initial and final states in transitions that can only be connected by a T-symmetry transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Garra Tico J, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Stugu B, Brown DN, Kerth LT, Kolomensky YG, Lynch G, Koch H, Schroeder T, Asgeirsson DJ, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Khan A, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Yushkov AN, Bondioli M, Kirkby D, Lankford AJ, Mandelkern M, Atmacan H, Gary JW, Liu F, Long O, Vitug GM, Campagnari C, Hong TM, Kovalskyi D, Richman JD, West CA, Eisner AM, Kroseberg J, Lockman WS, Martinez AJ, Schumm BA, Seiden A, Winstrom L, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Rakitin AY, Andreassen R, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Bloom PC, Ford WT, Gaz A, Nauenberg U, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Ayad R, Toki WH, Spaan B, Schubert KR, Schwierz R, Bernard D, Verderi M, Clark PJ, Playfer S, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Munerato M, Piemontese L, Santoro V, Baldini-Ferroli R, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rama M, Zallo A, Contri R, Guido E, Lo Vetere M, Monge MR, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Robutti E, Bhuyan B, Prasad V, Lee CL, Morii M, Edwards AJ, Adametz A, Uwer U, Lacker HM, Lueck T, Dauncey PD, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Meyer WT, Prell S, Rubin AE, Gritsan AV, Guo ZJ, Arnaud N, Davier M, Derkach D, Grosdidier G, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Malaescu B, Roudeau P, Schune MH, Stocchi A, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Chavez CA, Coleman JP, Fry JR, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Sigamani M, Cowan G, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Fritsch M, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Prencipe E, Barlow RJ, Jackson G, Lafferty GD, Behn E, Cenci R, Hamilton B, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Dallapiccola C, Cowan R, Dujmic D, Sciolla G, Cheaib R, Lindemann D, Patel PM, Robertson SH, Biassoni P, Neri N, Palombo F, Stracka S, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Kroeger R, Sonnek P, Summers DJ, Nguyen X, Simard M, Taras P, De Nardo G, Monorchio D, Onorato G, Sciacca C, Martinelli M, Raven G, Jessop CP, Knoepfel K, Losecco JM, Wang WF, Honscheid K, Kass R, Brau J, Frey R, Lu M, Sinev NB, Strom D, Torrence E, Feltresi E, Gagliardi N, Margoni M, Morandin M, Posocco M, Rotondo M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Briand H, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Hamon O, Leruste P, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Sitt S, Biasini M, Manoni E, Pacetti S, Rossi A, Angelini C, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Cervelli A, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Perez A, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Lopes Pegna D, Olsen J, Smith AJS, Telnov AV, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Gaspero M, Li Gioi L, Mazzoni MA, Piredda G, Bünger C, Grünberg O, Hartmann T, Leddig T, Schröder H, Voss C, Waldi R, Adye T, Olaiya EO, Wilson FF, Emery S, Hamel de Monchenault G, Vasseur G, Yèche C, Aston D, Bard DJ, Bartoldus R, Bechtle P, Benitez JF, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Franco Sevilla M, Fulsom BG, Gabareen AM, Graham MT, Grenier P, Hast C, Innes WR, Kelsey MH, Kim P, Kocian ML, Leith DWGS, Lewis P, Lindquist B, Luitz S, Luth V, Lynch HL, Macfarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Nelson S, Perl M, Pulliam T, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Salnikov AA, Schindler RH, Snyder A, Su D, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wagner AP, Wisniewski WJ, Wittgen M, Wright DH, Wulsin HW, Young CC, Ziegler V, Park W, Purohit MV, White RM, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Miyashita TS, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Lund P, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Ruland AM, Schwitters RF, Wray BC, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, Gamba D, Zambito S, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Ahmed H, Albert J, Banerjee S, Bernlochner FU, Choi HHF, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lewczuk MJ, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Puccio EMT, Band HR, Dasu S, Pan Y, Prepost R, Wu SL. Precision measurement of the B → Xs γ photon energy spectrum, branching fraction, and direct CP asymmetry A(CP)((B → X(s+d)γ). Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:191801. [PMID: 23215373 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.191801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The photon spectrum in the inclusive electromagnetic radiative decays of the B meson, B → X(s)γ plus B → X(d)γ, is studied using a data sample of (382.8 ± 4.2) × 10(6)Υ(4S) → BB decays collected by the BABAR experiment at SLAC. The spectrum is used to extract the branching fraction B(B → X(s)γ) = (3.21 ± 0.33) × 10(-4) for E(γ) >1.8 GeV and the direct CP asymmetry A(CP) (B → X(s+d)γ) = 0.057 ± 0.063. The effects of detector resolution and Doppler smearing are unfolded to measure the photon energy spectrum in the B meson rest frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
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Ozhgibesov MS, Leu TS, Cheng CH, Utkin AV. New statistical boundary conditions for argon-tungsten interactions. J Mol Graph Model 2012; 38:375-81. [PMID: 23085178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, scattering processes of argon beam impinging on tungsten surface are investigated numerically by applying molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Energy transfer, momentum change, and scattering processes of argon gas atoms from W(110) surface are discussed. A new model of argon-tungsten (Ar-W) interaction is proposed. Based on the new proposed model, one can simplify the boundary conditions of this problem. The new boundary conditions are proved to be in line with previous experimental and theoretical results. This paper demonstrates how to proceed normalization and further conversion of the MD simulation results into boundary conditions. Application of the new proposed boundary conditions for Ar-W interactions provides a significant speedup of computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Ozhgibesov
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC.
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Garra Tico J, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Stugu B, Brown DN, Kerth LT, Kolomensky YG, Lynch G, Koch H, Schroeder T, Asgeirsson DJ, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Khan A, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Yushkov AN, Bondioli M, Kirkby D, Lankford AJ, Mandelkern M, Atmacan H, Gary JW, Liu F, Long O, Vitug GM, Campagnari C, Hong TM, Kovalskyi D, Richman JD, West CA, Eisner AM, Kroseberg J, Lockman WS, Martinez AJ, Schumm BA, Seiden A, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Rakitin AY, Andreassen R, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Bloom PC, Ford WT, Gaz A, Nauenberg U, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Ayad R, Toki WH, Spaan B, Schubert KR, Schwierz R, Bernard D, Verderi M, Clark PJ, Playfer S, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Munerato M, Piemontese L, Santoro V, Baldini-Ferroli R, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rama M, Zallo A, Contri R, Guido E, Lo Vetere M, Monge MR, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Robutti E, Bhuyan B, Prasad V, Lee CL, Morii M, Edwards AJ, Adametz A, Uwer U, Lacker HM, Lueck T, Dauncey PD, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Meyer WT, Prell S, Rubin AE, Gritsan AV, Guo ZJ, Arnaud N, Davier M, Derkach D, Grosdidier G, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Malaescu B, Roudeau P, Schune MH, Stocchi A, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Chavez CA, Coleman JP, Fry JR, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Sigamani M, Cowan G, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Fritsch M, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Prencipe E, Barlow RJ, Jackson G, Lafferty GD, Behn E, Cenci R, Hamilton B, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Dallapiccola C, Cowan R, Dujmic D, Sciolla G, Cheaib R, Lindemann D, Patel PM, Robertson SH, Biassoni P, Neri N, Palombo F, Stracka S, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Kroeger R, Sonnek P, Summers DJ, Nguyen X, Simard M, Taras P, De Nardo G, Monorchio D, Onorato G, Sciacca C, Martinelli M, Raven G, Jessop CP, LoSecco JM, Wang WF, Honscheid K, Kass R, Brau J, Frey R, Sinev NB, Strom D, Torrence E, Feltresi E, Gagliardi N, Margoni M, Morandin M, Posocco M, Rotondo M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Briand H, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Hamon O, Leruste P, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Sitt S, Biasini M, Manoni E, Pacetti S, Rossi A, Angelini C, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Cervelli A, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Perez A, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Lopes Pegna D, Olsen J, Smith AJS, Telnov AV, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Gaspero M, Li Gioi L, Mazzoni MA, Piredda G, Bünger C, Grünberg O, Hartmann T, Leddig T, Schröder H, Voss C, Waldi R, Adye T, Olaiya EO, Wilson FF, Emery S, Hamel de Monchenault G, Vasseur G, Yèche C, Aston D, Bard DJ, Bartoldus R, Benitez JF, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Franco Sevilla M, Fulsom BG, Gabareen AM, Graham MT, Grenier P, Hast C, Innes WR, Kelsey MH, Kim P, Kocian ML, Leith DWGS, Lewis P, Lindquist B, Luitz S, Luth V, Lynch HL, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Nelson S, Perl M, Pulliam T, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Salnikov AA, Schindler RH, Snyder A, Su D, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wagner AP, Wisniewski WJ, Wittgen M, Wright DH, Wulsin HW, Young CC, Ziegler V, Park W, Purohit MV, White RM, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Miyashita TS, Puccio EMT, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Lund P, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Ruland AM, Schwitters RF, Wray BC, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, Gamba D, Zambito S, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Ahmed H, Albert J, Banerjee S, Bernlochner FU, Choi HHF, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lewczuk MJ, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Band HR, Dasu S, Pan Y, Prepost R, Wu SL. Evidence for an excess of B→D*τ(-)ν(τ) decays. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:101802. [PMID: 23005279 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.101802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Based on the full BABAR data sample, we report improved measurements of the ratios R(D(*))=B(B[over ¯]→D(*)τ(-)ν[over ¯](τ))/B(B[over ¯]→D(*)ℓ(ℓ)(-)ν[over ¯](ℓ)), where ℓ is either e or μ. These ratios are sensitive to new physics contributions in the form of a charged Higgs boson. We measure R(D)=0.440±0.058±0.042 and R(D(*))=0.332±0.024±0.018, which exceed the standard model expectations by 2.0σ and 2.7σ, respectively. Taken together, our results disagree with these expectations at the 3.4σ level. This excess cannot be explained by a charged Higgs boson in the type II two-Higgs-doublet model.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Garra Tico J, Grauges E, Milanes DA, Palano A, Pappagallo M, Eigen G, Stugu B, Brown DN, Kerth LT, Kolomensky YG, Lynch G, Koch H, Schroeder T, Asgeirsson DJ, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, Khan A, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Yushkov AN, Bondioli M, Kirkby D, Lankford AJ, Mandelkern M, Atmacan H, Gary JW, Liu F, Long O, Vitug GM, Campagnari C, Hong TM, Kovalskyi D, Richman JD, West CA, Eisner AM, Kroseberg J, Lockman WS, Martinez AJ, Schalk T, Schumm BA, Seiden A, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Doll DA, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Rakitin AY, Andreassen R, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Bloom PC, Ford WT, Gaz A, Nagel M, Nauenberg U, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Ayad R, Toki WH, Spaan B, Kobel MJ, Schubert KR, Schwierz R, Bernard D, Verderi M, Clark PJ, Playfer S, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Munerato M, Negrini M, Piemontese L, Santoro V, Baldini-Ferroli R, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rama M, Zallo A, Contri R, Guido E, Lo Vetere M, Monge MR, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Robutti E, Bhuyan B, Prasad V, Lee CL, Morii M, Edwards AJ, Adametz A, Marks J, Uwer U, Lacker HM, Lueck T, Dauncey PD, Behera PK, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Meyer WT, Prell S, Rubin AE, Gritsan AV, Guo ZJ, Arnaud N, Davier M, Derkach D, Grosdidier G, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Malaescu B, Roudeau P, Schune MH, Stocchi A, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Bingham I, Chavez CA, Coleman JP, Fry JR, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Sigamani M, Cowan G, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Fritsch M, Gradl W, Hafner A, Prencipe E, Bailey D, Barlow RJ, Jackson G, Lafferty GD, Behn E, Cenci R, Hamilton B, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Simi G, Dallapiccola C, Cowan R, Dujmic D, Sciolla G, Cheaib R, Lindemann D, Patel PM, Robertson SH, Schram M, Biassoni P, Neri N, Palombo F, Stracka S, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Kroeger R, Sonnek P, Summers DJ, Nguyen X, Simard M, Taras P, De Nardo G, Monorchio D, Onorato G, Sciacca C, Martinelli M, Raven G, Jessop CP, Knoepfel KJ, Losecco JM, Wang WF, Honscheid K, Kass R, Brau J, Frey R, Sinev NB, Strom D, Torrence E, Feltresi E, Gagliardi N, Margoni M, Morandin M, Posocco M, Rotondo M, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Briand H, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Hamon O, Leruste P, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Sitt S, Biasini M, Manoni E, Pacetti S, Rossi A, Angelini C, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Cervelli A, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Perez A, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Lopes Pegna D, Olsen J, Smith AJS, Telnov AV, Anulli F, Cavoto G, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Gaspero M, Li Gioi L, Mazzoni MA, Piredda G, Bünger C, Grünberg O, Hartmann T, Leddig T, Schröder H, Voss C, Waldi R, Adye T, Olaiya EO, Wilson FF, Emery S, Hamel de Monchenault G, Vasseur G, Yèche C, Aston D, Bard DJ, Bartoldus R, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Franco Sevilla M, Fulsom BG, Gabareen AM, Graham MT, Grenier P, Hast C, Innes WR, Kelsey MH, Kim P, Kocian ML, Leith DWGS, Lewis P, Lindquist B, Luitz S, Luth V, Lynch HL, Macfarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Nelson S, Perl M, Pulliam T, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Salnikov AA, Schindler RH, Snyder A, Su D, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wagner AP, Weaver M, Wisniewski WJ, Wittgen M, Wright DH, Wulsin HW, Young CC, Ziegler V, Park W, Purohit MV, White RM, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Bellis M, Benitez JF, Burchat PR, Miyashita TS, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Lund P, Spanier SM, Eckmann R, Ritchie JL, Ruland AM, Schilling CJ, Schwitters RF, Wray BC, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, Gamba D, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Ahmed H, Albert J, Banerjee S, Bernlochner FU, Choi HHF, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lewczuk MJ, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Puccio EMT, Band HR, Dasu S, Pan Y, Prepost R, Wu SL. Search for low-mass dark-sector Higgs bosons. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:211801. [PMID: 23003239 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.211801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent astrophysical and terrestrial experiments have motivated the proposal of a dark sector with GeV-scale gauge boson force carriers and new Higgs bosons. We present a search for a dark Higgs boson using 516 fb(-1) of data collected with the BABAR detector. We do not observe a significant signal and we set 90% confidence level upper limits on the product of the standard model-dark-sector mixing angle and the dark-sector coupling constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
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Yu AHY, Cheng CH, Yeung JHH, Poon WS, Ho HF, Chang A, Rainer TH. Functional outcome after head injury: comparison of 12-45 year old male and female hormonally active patients. Injury 2012; 43:603-7. [PMID: 20837350 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2010.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Head injury is the leading cause of death in patients with major trauma, but little is known of post-trauma rehabilitation morbidity in Hong Kong. The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting functional outcome in hormonally active patients 6 months after head injury. METHODS Secondary analysis of the trauma registry database with data collected prospectively at two trauma centres between January 2001 and December 2007. Demographic and trauma data for patients aged 12-45 years with a head Abbreviated Injury Score ≥3 were analysed. The Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) was used for assessment and was assessed 6 months after head injury. The primary outcome measure was a composite poor outcome, namely "dead, vegetative and severely disabled" measured using the GOS. RESULTS Of 698 patients included in the study (mean age 29 years; range 12-45 years; 75.8% male), 581 (83.2%) had a good outcome, and 117 (16.8%) met the primary outcome measure, namely a poor outcome, including 88 (12.6%) patients who died. 453 (64.9%) patients had an injury severity score (ISS) of 16-40, and 102 (14.6%) patients had an ISS>40. 220 (31.5%) patients underwent head injury related operation. The mean length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) was 3.9 days. Univariate analysis showed that high ISS, Emergency Department (ED) systolic blood pressure (SBP)>160mmHg or <90mmHg, respiratory rate<12/min or >24/min, low ED Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), trauma call activation, head related operation and ICU admission were related to poor outcome. Multivariate analysis showed that high ISS, low or high ED SBP and low ED GCS were related to poor functional outcome. CONCLUSION This study showed that ISS, ED SBP and ED GCS were related to poor functional outcome. Gender showed no statistically significant relationship with functional outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Hoi-yan Yu
- Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Trauma & Emergency Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong.
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