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Schroeter S, Lohmann B, Magosch A, Heiss R, Grim C, Freiwald J, Engelhardt M, Hoppe MW, Hotfiel T. Effects of foam rolling on vastus intermedius and lateralis microvascular blood flow. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2023; 36:228-234. [PMID: 37949565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Foam Rolling (FR) as a technique of self-massage has become a widely used intervention in clinical and sports practice. It is assumed that FR leads to an increased intramuscular microvascular blood flow (MBF), and therefore is commonly recommended as a warm-up or regeneration method. However, no data validate the effects of FR on MBF. This study aimed to assess whether FR increases intramuscular MBF using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). METHODS Ten healthy athletes performed a standardized FR intervention applied to the lateral thigh (3 sets: 45 s FR, 20 s rest). Intramuscular perfusion was determined by CEUS under resting conditions (t0), immediately (t1), and 30 min (t2) after the intervention. Peak enhancement (PE), wash-in rate (WiR), and wash-in perfusion index (WiPI) were evaluated as quantitative perfusion parameters in vastus lateralis (VL) and intermedius (VI) muscle separately via regions of interest mapping. RESULTS Immediately after the intervention (t1), perfusion parameters showed a non-significant decrease in VL (p = 0.3; PE: -32.1%, WiPI: -29.6%, WiR: -50.4%) and VI (p = 0.4; PE: -10.3%, WiPI: -6.4%, WiR: -35.6%). A non-significant decrease was found at t2 in VL (p = 0.2; PE: -34%, WiPI -33.9%, WiR -61.2%) and VI (p = 0.2; PE -17.6%, WiPI -13.8%, WiR -43.2%). CONCLUSIONS The common assumption of intramuscular MBF improvement due to FR could not be confirmed for up to 30 min after the intervention. If an increase in intramuscular metabolism or MBF is intended, we recommend that alternative methods (i.e., traditional warm-up) should be preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schroeter
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Osnabrück (OZMC), Klinikum Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - B Lohmann
- Department of Human Sciences Institute for Health Research and Education, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - A Magosch
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Osnabrück (OZMC), Klinikum Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - R Heiss
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Grim
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Osnabrück (OZMC), Klinikum Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany; Department of Human Sciences Institute for Health Research and Education, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - J Freiwald
- Department of Movement and Training Science, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M Engelhardt
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Osnabrück (OZMC), Klinikum Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - M W Hoppe
- Movement and Training Science, Faculty of Sports Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - T Hotfiel
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Osnabrück (OZMC), Klinikum Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany; Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Committee Muscle and Tendon, German-Austrian-Swiss Society for Orthopaedic Traumatologic Sports Medicine (GOTS), Germany.
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Lutter C, Seil R, Best R, Gokeler A, Patt T, Krutsch W, Grim C, Tischer T. Results of a tri-national online survey on the current status of sports injury prevention among members of the German-Speaking Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Society (GOTS). Sportverletz Sportschaden 2021; 35:80-87. [PMID: 33957676 DOI: 10.1055/a-1397-0710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the current opinions and state of knowledge in primary sports injury prevention among members of the German-Speaking Society for Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Sports Medicine (GOTS). METHODS On 21 August 2019, a web-based questionnaire was sent to the members of the tri-national society GOTS (Austria, Germany and Switzerland). The survey was online until 21 November 2019 and included twenty-two questions, which were divided into five sections: 1) general importance of prevention (n = 4), 2) specifications of the study population (n = 3), 3) implementation of prevention (n = 8), 4) improvement opportunities in prevention (n = 4) and 5) future research areas (n = 3). RESULTS A total of 272 participants completed the survey, representing a total survey participation of 17.7 % of all members. The study population consisted of orthopaedic surgeons (55 % with surgical and 21 % with non-operative orientation), medical students (10 %), physical therapists (8 %) and sports scientists (4 %). Ninety-four percent of all participants stated that they considered the importance of sports injury prevention to be "very high" (68 %) or "high" (26 %). However, almost 70 % of all participants stated that they spend less than one hour per week on injury prevention work. The term "prevention" was clearly defined and practicable for only 40 %, understandable but difficult to implement for 51 %, and unclear and difficult to implement for 9 % of the participants. Seventy-two percent of respondents were aware of existing prevention programs such as "Stop-X" or "FIFA 11 +", whereas 28 % of participants were uninformed regarding these programs. CONCLUSIONS A strong divergence was identified between participants' perception of the importance of sports injury prevention and the existing implementation of preventive measures. Future funding of prevention programs, expansion of research strategies for injury prevention and better financial reimbursement are of utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Lutter
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - R Seil
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg-Clinique d'Eich, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg
| | - R Best
- Sportklinik Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - A Gokeler
- Department Exercise & Health, Exercise Science and Neuroscience, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | - T Patt
- Bergman Clinics, Delft, Netherlands
| | - W Krutsch
- SportDocsFranken, Nürnberg; Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Grim
- Department of Orthopedic, Trauma and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Osnabrück, Germany
| | - T Tischer
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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Hotfiel T, Grim C, Heiss R, Weisskopf L, Bloch W, Engelhardt M. Ausgewählte klinische und physiologische Aspekte zur Behandlung von Muskelverletzungen – Update 2020. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orthtr.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Nieß AM, Bloch W, Friedmann-Bette B, Grim C, Halle M, Hirschmüller A, Kopp C, Meyer T, Niebauer J, Reinsberger C, Röcker K, Scharhag J, Scherr J, Schneider C, Steinacker JM, Urhausen A, Wolfarth B, Mayer F. Position stand: return to sport in the current Coronavirus pandemic (SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19). Dtsch Z Sportmed 2020. [DOI: 10.5960/dzsm.2020.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Nieß AM, Bloch W, Friedmann-Bette B, Grim C, Gärtner B, Halle M, Hirschmüller A, Kopp C, Meyer T, Niebauer J, Predel G, Reinsberger C, Röcker K, Scharhag J, Schneider C, Scherr J, Steinacker JM, Mayer F, Wolfarth B. Recommendations for exercise testing in sports medicine during the current pandemic situation (SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19). Dtsch Z Sportmed 2020. [DOI: 10.5960/dzsm.2020.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Grim C, Engelhardt M, Hoppe MW, Seil R, Hotfiel T. Lösungen für häufige Komplikationen der Ellenbogenarthroskopie. Arthroskopie 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00142-019-00299-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mazur F, Swoboda B, Carl HD, Lutter C, Engelhardt M, Hoppe MW, Hotfiel T, Grim C. Plantar pressure changes in hindfoot relief devices of different designs. J Exp Orthop 2019; 6:7. [PMID: 30729337 PMCID: PMC6367492 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-019-0173-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is frequently observed that overloading the foot can impair bone and soft tissue healing and can lead to harmful sequelae (i.e. ulcers, stress reactions) in context of pre-existing tissue disabilities. In terms of offloading, hindfoot relief devices are commonly applied as a non-operative treatment as well as after various surgical procedures for hindfoot disorders. Despite their common use, there is a paucity of data comparing different orthotic devices with respect to changes in plantar pressure distributions. The aim of this study was to investigate plantar loadings in hindfoot relief devices of different designs. METHODS Twenty-five healthy participants (13 women, 12 men; (mean ± SD) age 37 ± 14 years; BMI 23 ± 4 kg/m2) were recruited. Plantar pressure distributions were collected using i.) a neutral shoe, ii.) a hindfoot relief shoe (HRS) and iii.) a hindfoot relief orthosis (HRO). Peak pressure values were measured via dynamic pedobarography during walking and were analysed from four different plantar regions: the hindfoot, midfoot, metatarsal I-V and forefoot. As a reference standard, the normal walk using neutral shoes served as the condition for full weight-bearing. RESULTS Concerning the hindfoot, using the HRS as well as the HRO resulted in significant decreases in plantar pressures compared to baseline values that were obtained with the neutral shoe (- 52% for the HRS and - 52% for the HRO, p < 0.001). Significant increases in peak pressures were found in the midfoot region for both devices (HRS: 32%, p = 0.002; HRO: 47%, p < 0.001). For the metatarsal region, peak pressures were found to decrease significantly (HRS: - 52%, p < 0.001; HRO: -17%, p = 0.034). With respect to the forefoot, a significant reduction in peak pressures using the HRS (- 41%, p < 0.001) was detected, whereas the HRO did not lead to significant changes (- 4%, p = 0.691). CONCLUSIONS Both the HRO and HRS significantly reduced plantar hindfoot pressure, corresponding to a relative decrease of nearly 50% of the baseline. Nevertheless, the adjacent midfoot zone displayed a significant increase in plantar pressure values for both devices. Supported by these findings, physicians should cautiously consider a substantial increase in midfoot loading, especially in patients affected by additional midfoot injuries or accompanying impairments of tissue healing. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV, Case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mazur
- Division of Orthopaedic Rheumatology, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Rathsberger Str. 57, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - B Swoboda
- Division of Orthopaedic Rheumatology, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Rathsberger Str. 57, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - H D Carl
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Martha-Maria Hospital, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - C Lutter
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Sports Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Klinikum Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - M Engelhardt
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - M W Hoppe
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Department of Movement and Training Science, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T Hotfiel
- Division of Orthopaedic Rheumatology, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Rathsberger Str. 57, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - C Grim
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
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Heiß R, Wildner D, Swoboda B, Gelse K, Grim C, Strobel D, Hotfiel T. Kontrastmittelsonografie (CEUS) als neues bildgebendes Verfahren in der Diagnostik von Muskelverletzungen: Vergleichende Analyse von konventioneller B-Bild-Sonografie, CEUS und MRT. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1600494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Heiß
- Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Diagnostische Radiologie, Erlangen
| | - D Wildner
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen
| | - B Swoboda
- Orthopädische Universitätsklinik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Orthopädische Rheumatologie, Erlangen
| | - K Gelse
- Unfallchirurgische Abteilung, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen
| | - C Grim
- , Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie, Klinikum Osnabrück, Osnabrück
| | - D Strobel
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen
| | - T Hotfiel
- Orthopädische Universitätsklinik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Orthopädische Rheumatologie, Erlangen
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Hotfiel T, Carl HD, Swoboda B, Heinrich M, Heiß R, Grim C, Engelhardt M. [Current Conservative Treatment and Management Strategies of Skeletal Muscle Injuries]. Z Orthop Unfall 2016; 154:245-53. [PMID: 27351158 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Muscle injuries frequently occur during sport and are one of the commonest injuries. The diagnosis and treatment of muscle injuries impose high demands on medical treatment, in order to ensure successful regeneration and a rapid return to sport. Most of the injuries can be treated conservatively, as skeletal muscles have a high endogenous capacity for repair and regeneration. Conservative treatment includes initial on-field therapy. This is known as the "RICE" principle and is common and recommended for initial treatment for most sports injuries. The primary therapy target is to reduce pain, swelling and bleeding and thus to limit the initial inflammatory process and prevent further damage. During the first days after injury, brief immobilization helps to reduce the re-injury rate and accelerates the formation of granulation tissue. There are many possible additional treatments, including intramuscular injections, manipulation of the sacroiliac joint or rehabilitation programs, including stretching and strengthening. If the acute treatment phase is complete after 3 to 5 days, more active treatment, including trunk stabilisation, stretching and strengthening, can be started gradually. Despite their high prevalence, there have only been a few studies on the treatment and management of these injuries. The aim of this manuscript is to review the literature on the classification, pathobiology and treatment strategies for muscle injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hotfiel
- Abteilung für Orthopädische Rheumatologie in der Orthopädischen Universitätsklinik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - H-D Carl
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Krankenhaus Martha-Maria Nürnberg
| | - B Swoboda
- Abteilung für Orthopädische Rheumatologie in der Orthopädischen Universitätsklinik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - M Heinrich
- Radiologisches Institut, Uniklinik Erlangen
| | - R Heiß
- Radiologisches Institut, Uniklinik Erlangen
| | - C Grim
- Klinik für Orthopädie, Unfall- und Handchirurgie, Klinikum Osnabrück
| | - M Engelhardt
- Klinik für Orthopädie, Unfall- und Handchirurgie, Klinikum Osnabrück
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Abstract
Injections at tendon insertions, in muscles and in joints are an important instrument in the conservative treatment of musculoskeletal diseases, for acute injuries as well as for chronic degenerative diseases. Local anesthetic agents and glucocorticoids are well-established medications; however, severe side effects, such as chondrolysis have sometimes been reported, particularly for local anesthetic agents. In addition platelet rich plasma (PRP) and hyaluronic acid are also widely used; however, the clinical effectiveness has not always been proven. This article gives an overview on the most commonly used medications for injections and the mechanisms of action. The indications for treatment and the evidence for the clinical adminstration of muscle, tendon and joint injections are described based on the currently available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lenz
- Orthopädische Klinik und Poliklinik, Doberanerstr. 142, 18057, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Deutschland
| | - M Kieb
- Chirurgische Klinik, Ernst von Bergmann Hospital, Potsdam/Bad Belzig, Deutschland
| | - P Diehl
- Orthopädische Klinik und Poliklinik, Doberanerstr. 142, 18057, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Deutschland.,Orthopädiezentrum München Ost, München, Deutschland
| | - C Grim
- Klinik für Orthopädie, Unfall- und Handchirurgie, Klinikum Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Deutschland
| | - S Vogt
- Klinik für Sportorthopädie und arthroskopische Chirurgie, Hessing Stiftung, Augsburg, Deutschland.,Abteilung für Sportorthopädie, TU München, München, Deutschland
| | - T Tischer
- Orthopädische Klinik und Poliklinik, Doberanerstr. 142, 18057, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Deutschland.
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Jean-Gilles Beaubrun J, Flamer ML, Addy N, Ewing L, Gopinath G, Jarvis K, Grim C, Hanes DE. Evaluation of corn oil as an additive in the pre-enrichment step to increase recovery of Salmonella enterica from oregano. Food Microbiol 2016; 57:195-203. [PMID: 27052719 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds associated with essential oils of spices and herbs possess a variety of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties that interfere with Salmonella detection from fresh and dried products. Finding a compound to neutralize the effect of these antimicrobial compounds, while allowing Salmonella growth during pre-enrichment, is a crucial step in both traditional pathogen isolation and molecular detection from these foods. This study evaluated the effectiveness of corn oil as a component of the pre-enrichment broth to counteract antimicrobial compounds properties and increase the recovery of Salmonella from spices. Oregano samples artificially contaminated with Salmonella enterica were pre-enriched in modified Buffered Peptone Water (mBPW) supplemented with and without 2% (vol/vol) corn oil respectively. Samples were incubated overnight at 37 °C. The results showed that recovery of Salmonella from oregano samples was increased by ≥50% when pre-enriched with corn oil. Serovars were confirmed using a PCR serotyping method. In addition, shot-gun metagenomics analyses demonstrated bacterial diversity and the effect of corn oil on the relative prevalence of Salmonella in the oregano samples. Modifying pre-enrichment broths with corn oil improved the detection and isolation of Salmonella from oregano, and may provide an alternative method for pathogen detection in dried food matrices such as spices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie-Laure Flamer
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA; UMCP JIFSAN Program, 5201 Paint Branch Pkwy Patapsco Building Suite 2134, University of Maryland, College Park, 20742, USA
| | - Nicole Addy
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Technology, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Laura Ewing
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Gopal Gopinath
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Karen Jarvis
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Chris Grim
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Technology, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Darcy E Hanes
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
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Jean-Gilles Beaubrun J, Ewing L, Jarvis K, Dudley K, Grim C, Gopinath G, Flamer ML, Auguste W, Jayaram A, Elmore J, Lamont M, McGrath T, Hanes D. Comparison of a PCR serotyping assay, Check&Trace assay for Salmonella, and Luminex Salmonella serotyping assay for the characterization of Salmonella enterica identified from fresh and naturally contaminated cilantro. Food Microbiol 2014; 42:181-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Tediashvili M, Whitehouse C, Huq A, Jaiani E, Kokashvili T, Janelidze N, Grim C, Colwell R. P1058 Detection of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 from a freshwater lake near Tbilisi, Georgia: a potential source for disease. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)70898-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Grim C. Salt sensitivity and ethnic variations: Renin-angiotensin and natriuretic hormones. Am J Hypertens 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0895-7061(00)00990-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Heidelberg JF, Shahamat M, Levin M, Rahman I, Stelma G, Grim C, Colwell RR. Effect of aerosolization on culturability and viability of gram-negative bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 1997; 63:3585-8. [PMID: 9293010 PMCID: PMC168664 DOI: 10.1128/aem.63.9.3585-3588.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Estimations of the bacterial content of air can be more easily made now than a decade ago, with colony formation the method of choice for enumeration of airborne bacteria. However, plate counts are subject to error because bacteria exposed to the air may remain viable yet lose the ability to form colonies, i.e., they become viable but nonculturable. If airborne bacteria exhibit this phenomenon, colony formation data will significantly underestimate the bacterial populations in air samples. The objective of the study reported here was to determine the effect of aerosolization on viability and colony-forming ability of Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella planticola, and Cytophaga allerginae. A collision nebulizer was used to spray bacterial suspensions into an aerosol chamber, after which duplicate samples were collected in all-glass impingers over a 4-h period. Humidity was maintained at ca. 20 to 25%, and temperature was maintained at 20 to 22 degrees C for each of two replicate trials per microorganism. Viability was determined by using a modified direct viable count method, employing nalidixic acid or aztreonam and p-iodonitrotetrazolium violet (INT). Cells were stained with acridine orange and observed by epifluorescence microscopy to enumerate total and viable cells. Viable cells were defined as those elongating in the presence of antibiotic and/or reducing INT. CFU were determined by plating on tryptic soy agar and R2A agar. It was found that culture techniques did not provide an adequate description of the bacterial burdens of indoor air (i.e., less than 10% of the aerosolized bacteria were capable of forming visible colonies). It is concluded that total cell count procedures provide a better approximation of the number of bacterial cells in air and that procedures other than plate counting are needed to enumerate bacteria in aerosol samples, especially if the public health quality of indoor air is to be estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Heidelberg
- Marine-Estuarine-Environmental Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
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Hall WD, Kusek JW, Kirk KA, Appel LJ, Schulman G, Agodoa LY, Glassock R, Grim C, Randall OS, Massry SG. Short-term effects of blood pressure control and antihypertensive drug regimen on glomerular filtration rate: the African-American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension Pilot Study. Am J Kidney Dis 1997; 29:720-8. [PMID: 9159306 DOI: 10.1016/s0272-6386(97)90125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The African-American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension pilot study randomized 94 nondiabetic black men and women (mean age, 53 years; 75% male) with presumed hypertensive nephrosclerosis and a baseline glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 25 to 70 mL/min/1.73 m2 (mean, 52.3 mL/min/1.73 m2) to blood pressure control at either a low mean arterial pressure (MAP) goal of < or = 92 mm Hg or a usual MAP goal of 102 to 107 mm Hg and an antihypertensive drug regimen that included either a calcium antagonist (amlodipine), a beta-blocker (atenolol), or an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (enalapril). After 3 months of follow-up (n = 90), the mean GFR was similar (53.0 mL/min/1.73 m2 v 53.7 mL/min/1.73 m2) to the baseline levels in participants randomized to the low MAP group (n = 44), whereas the mean GFR increased by 3.9 mL/min/1.73 m2 (P = 0.02) in participants randomized to the usual MAP group (n = 46). During the same period of time, the mean GFR increased significantly in participants randomized to the calcium channel blocker regimen (n = 28) (5.7 mL/min/ 1.73 m2; P = 0.01) but not in participants randomized to the beta-blocker regimen (n = 31) (1.7 mL/min/1.73 m2; P = 0.10) or the ACE inhibitor regimen (n = 31) (1.1 mL/min/1.73 m2; P = 0.52). Changes in GFR at 3 months were significantly different among the three treatment groups (P = 0.04). We conclude that the magnitude of short-term effects of blood pressure control and antihypertensive drug regimens on GFR should be considered when estimating sample size for clinical trials designed to evaluate the effects of these interventions on long-term changes in GFR slope.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Hall
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Davis IJ, Grim C, Dwyer K, Nicholson L, Dwyer J. The effects of calcium supplementation on ambulatory blood pressure in African-American adolescents. J Natl Med Assoc 1996; 88:774-8. [PMID: 8990802 PMCID: PMC2608140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This longitudinal trial investigated the effects of calcium supplementation on the mean 24-hour blood pressure in African-American adolescents. Subjects were self-identified African-American adolescents from a high school in a suburb of Los Angeles, California. The subjects were randomly placed in a placebo or treatment group (placebo versus 1.5 g of calcium/day x 4 weeks). Follow-up mean 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) for both the treatment and control groups was lower than the baseline mean 24-hour ABP. In the treatment group, there was a decrease of 2.2 mm Hg in the mean systolic blood pressure and 0.7 mm Hg in the diastolic blood pressure. Relative to the placebo group, the net change in ABP was -1.7 mm Hg for systolic blood pressure and -0.5 mm Hg for the diastolic blood pressure. There was no statistically significant effect of calcium supplementation on the 24-hour mean ABP. The net effect of supplementation on ABP during waking and sleeping hours also was not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Davis
- Charles R. Drew University, College of Allied Health, Center for the Advancement of Allied Health Education, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Lee JY, Greene PG, Douglas M, Grim C, Kirk KA, Kusek JW, Milligan S, Smith DE, Whelton PK. Appointment attendance, pill counts, and achievement of goal blood pressure in the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension Pilot Study. Control Clin Trials 1996; 17:34S-39S. [PMID: 8889352 DOI: 10.1016/s0197-2456(97)82680-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK) Pilot Study evaluated the feasibility of conducting a 7-year clinical trial to assess the effect of two levels of blood pressure control based on mean arterial pressure (MAP) (low goal < or = 92 mm Hg or usual goal of 102-107 mm Hg) and three antihypertensive drug regimens (atenolol, amlodipine, or enalapril) as initial therapy in slowing the decline of renal function in African Americans with clinically diagnosed hypertensive nephrosclerosis. Ninety-four African American men and women between 18 and 70 years of age were randomized and followed for an average of 4.6 months. On average participants attended 87.5% of the scheduled monthly follow-up visits and achieved an acceptable level of medication adherence (80%-100% of prescribed doses by pill count) at 65.4% of those visits Blood pressure levels within goal were observed in 17.5% and 25.6% of the participants in the low- and usual MAP goal groups, respectively. Neither attendance nor medication adherence by pill count was associated with attainment of goal blood pressure. Although AASK Pilot Study participants maintained excellent attendance, their pill counts were lower than previously reported among clinical trial participants and goal blood pressure levels were difficult to achieve during the short period of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Lee
- NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-6600, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- D Perloff
- Office of Scientific Affairs, American Heart Association, Dallas, TX 75231-4596
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Miller C, Grim C. Personality and emotional stress measurement on hypertensive patients with essential and secondary hypertension. Int J Nurs Stud 1979; 16:85-93. [PMID: 254661 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7489(79)90026-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Grim C, Weinberger MH, Higgins JT. Peripheral plasma renin levels in hypertension. Compr Ther 1975; 1:28-9. [PMID: 1222541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Grim C, Winnacker J, Peters T, Gilbert G. Low renin, "normal" aldosterone and hypertension: circadian rhythm of renin, aldosterone, cortisol and growth hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1974; 39:247-56. [PMID: 4371520 DOI: 10.1210/jcem-39-2-247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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