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Yadavilli S, Waight JD, Brett S, Bi M, Zhang T, Liu YB, Ellis C, Turner DC, Hahn A, Shi H, Seestaller-Wehr L, Jing J, Xie Q, Shaik JS, Ji X, Gagnon R, Fieles W, Hook L, Grant S, Hopley S, DeYoung MP, Blackwell C, Chisamore M, Biddlecombe R, Figueroa DJ, Hopson CB, Srinivasan R, Smothers J, Maio M, Rischin D, Olive D, Paul E, Mayes PA, Hoos A, Ballas M. Activating Inducible T-cell Costimulator Yields Antitumor Activity Alone and in Combination with Anti-PD-1 Checkpoint Blockade. Cancer Res Commun 2023; 3:1564-1579. [PMID: 37593752 PMCID: PMC10430783 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been considerable interest in mAb-based induction of costimulatory receptor signaling as an approach to combat cancer. However, promising nonclinical data have yet to translate to a meaningful clinical benefit. Inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS) is a costimulatory receptor important for immune responses. Using a novel clinical-stage anti-ICOS immunoglobulin G4 mAb (feladilimab), which induces but does not deplete ICOS+ T cells and their rodent analogs, we provide an end-to-end evaluation of the antitumor potential of antibody-mediated ICOS costimulation alone and in combination with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade. We demonstrate, consistently, that ICOS is expressed in a range of cancers, and its induction can stimulate growth of antitumor reactive T cells. Furthermore, feladilimab, alone and with a PD-1 inhibitor, induced antitumor activity in mouse and humanized tumor models. In addition to nonclinical evaluation, we present three patient case studies from a first-time-in-human, phase I, open-label, dose-escalation and dose-expansion clinical trial (INDUCE-1; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02723955), evaluating feladilimab alone and in combination with pembrolizumab in patients with advanced solid tumors. Preliminary data showing clinical benefit in patients with cancer treated with feladilimab alone or in combination with pembrolizumab was reported previously; with example cases described here. Additional work is needed to further validate the translation to the clinic, which includes identifying select patient populations that will benefit from this therapeutic approach, and randomized data with survival endpoints to illustrate its potential, similar to that shown with CTLA-4 and PD-1 blocking antibodies. Significance Stimulation of the T-cell activation marker ICOS with the anti-ICOS agonist mAb feladilimab, alone and in combination with PD-1 inhibition, induces antitumor activity across nonclinical models as well as select patients with advanced solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara Brett
- GSK, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiao Ji
- GSK, Collegeville, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Laura Hook
- GSK, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michele Maio
- University of Siena and Center for Immuno-Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Danny Rischin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Olive
- CRCM, Immunity and Cancer, Inserm, U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
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2
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Alsaid H, Cheng SH, Bi M, Xie F, Rambo M, Skedzielewski T, Hoang B, Mohanan S, Comroe D, Gehman A, Hsu CY, Farhangi K, Tran H, Sherina V, Doan M, Groseclose MR, Hopson CB, Brett S, Wilson IA, Nicholls A, Ballas M, Waight JD, Jucker BM. Immuno-PET Monitoring of CD8 + T Cell Infiltration Post ICOS Agonist Antibody Treatment Alone and in Combination with PD-1 Blocking Antibody Using a 89Zr Anti-CD8 + Mouse Minibody in EMT6 Syngeneic Tumor Mouse. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 25:528-540. [PMID: 36266600 PMCID: PMC10172244 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01781-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The presence and functional competence of intratumoral CD8+ T cells is often a barometer for successful immunotherapeutic responses in cancer. Despite this understanding and the extensive number of clinical-stage immunotherapies focused on potentiation (co-stimulation) or rescue (checkpoint blockade) of CD8+ T cell antitumor activity, dynamic biomarker strategies are often lacking. To help fill this gap, immuno-PET nuclear imaging has emerged as a powerful tool for in vivo molecular imaging of antibody targeting. Here, we took advantage of immuno-PET imaging using 89Zr-IAB42M1-14, anti-mouse CD8 minibody, to characterize CD8+ T-cell tumor infiltration dynamics following ICOS (inducible T-cell co-stimulator) agonist antibody treatment alone and in combination with PD-1 blocking antibody in a model of mammary carcinoma. PROCEDURES Female BALB/c mice with established EMT6 tumors received 10 µg, IP of either IgG control antibodies, ICOS agonist monotherapy, or ICOS/PD-1 combination therapy on days 0, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, or 14. Imaging was performed at 24 and 48 h post IV dose of 89Zr IAB42M1-14. In addition to 89Zr-IAB42M1-14 uptake in tumor and tumor-draining lymph node (TDLN), 3D radiomic features were extracted from PET/CT images to identify treatment effects. Imaging mass cytometry (IMC) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed at end of study. RESULTS 89Zr-IAB42M1-14 uptake in the tumor was observed by day 11 and was preceded by an increase in the TDLN as early as day 4. The spatial distribution of 89Zr-IAB42M1-14 was more uniform in the drug treated vs. control tumors, which had spatially distinct tracer uptake in the periphery relative to the core of the tumor. IMC analysis showed an increased percentage of cytotoxic T cells in the ICOS monotherapy and ICOS/PD-1 combination group compared to IgG controls. Additionally, temporal radiomics analysis demonstrated early predictiveness of imaging features. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first detailed description of the use of a novel immune-PET imaging technique to assess the kinetics of CD8+ T-cell infiltration into tumor and lymphoid tissues following ICOS agonist and PD-1 blocking antibody therapy. By demonstrating the capacity for increased spatial and temporal resolution of CD8+ T-cell infiltration across tumors and lymphoid tissues, these observations underscore the widespread potential clinical utility of non-invasive PET imaging for T-cell-based immunotherapy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Alsaid
- Bioimaging, IVIVT, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA.
| | - Shih-Hsun Cheng
- Bioimaging, IVIVT, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Meixia Bi
- Immuno-Oncology Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Fang Xie
- Bioimaging, IVIVT, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Mary Rambo
- Bioimaging, IVIVT, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | | | - Bao Hoang
- Bioimaging, IVIVT, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Sunish Mohanan
- Non-Clinical Safety, IVIVT, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Debra Comroe
- Integrated Biological Platform Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Gehman
- Research Statistics, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Chih-Yang Hsu
- Bioimaging, IVIVT, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Kamyar Farhangi
- Bioimaging, IVIVT, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Hoang Tran
- Research Statistics, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | | | - Minh Doan
- Bioimaging, IVIVT, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | | | | | - Sara Brett
- Oncology Cell Therapy Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Hertfordshire, UK
| | | | | | - Marc Ballas
- Oncology Clinical Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Jeremy D Waight
- Immuno-Oncology Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Beat M Jucker
- Clinical Imaging, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
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3
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Ramanjulu JM, Pesiridis GS, Yang J, Concha N, Singhaus R, Zhang SY, Tran JL, Moore P, Lehmann S, Eberl HC, Muelbaier M, Schneck JL, Clemens J, Adam M, Mehlmann J, Romano J, Morales A, Kang J, Leister L, Graybill TL, Charnley AK, Ye G, Nevins N, Behnia K, Wolf AI, Kasparcova V, Nurse K, Wang L, Puhl AC, Li Y, Klein M, Hopson CB, Guss J, Bantscheff M, Bergamini G, Reilly MA, Lian Y, Duffy KJ, Adams J, Foley KP, Gough PJ, Marquis RW, Smothers J, Hoos A, Bertin J. Author Correction: Design of amidobenzimidazole STING receptor agonists with systemic activity. Nature 2019; 570:E53. [PMID: 31142845 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1265-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Change history: In this Letter, author Ana Puhl was inadvertently omitted; this error has been corrected online.An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshi M Ramanjulu
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
| | - G Scott Pesiridis
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Jingsong Yang
- Immuno-Oncology & Combinations DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Nestor Concha
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Robert Singhaus
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Shu-Yun Zhang
- Immuno-Oncology & Combinations DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Jean-Luc Tran
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Patrick Moore
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jessica L Schneck
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Jim Clemens
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Michael Adam
- Immuno-Oncology & Combinations DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - John Mehlmann
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Romano
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Angel Morales
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - James Kang
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Lara Leister
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Todd L Graybill
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Adam K Charnley
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Guosen Ye
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Neysa Nevins
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Kamelia Behnia
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Amaya I Wolf
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Viera Kasparcova
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Kelvin Nurse
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Liping Wang
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Ana C Puhl
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Yue Li
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Michael Klein
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Guss
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Michael A Reilly
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Yiqian Lian
- Immuno-Oncology & Combinations DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Kevin J Duffy
- Immuno-Oncology & Combinations DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Jerry Adams
- Immuno-Oncology & Combinations DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Kevin P Foley
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Peter J Gough
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Robert W Marquis
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - James Smothers
- Immuno-Oncology & Combinations DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Axel Hoos
- Immuno-Oncology & Combinations DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - John Bertin
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
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4
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Yu JW, Bhattacharya S, Yanamandra N, Kilian D, Shi H, Yadavilli S, Katlinskaya Y, Kaczynski H, Conner M, Benson W, Hahn A, Seestaller-Wehr L, Bi M, Vitali NJ, Tsvetkov L, Halsey W, Hughes A, Traini C, Zhou H, Jing J, Lee T, Figueroa DJ, Brett S, Hopson CB, Smothers JF, Hoos A, Srinivasan R. Tumor-immune profiling of murine syngeneic tumor models as a framework to guide mechanistic studies and predict therapy response in distinct tumor microenvironments. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206223. [PMID: 30388137 PMCID: PMC6214511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse syngeneic tumor models are widely used tools to demonstrate activity of novel anti-cancer immunotherapies. Despite their widespread use, a comprehensive view of their tumor-immune compositions and their relevance to human tumors has only begun to emerge. We propose each model possesses a unique tumor-immune infiltrate profile that can be probed with immunotherapies to inform on anti-tumor mechanisms and treatment strategies in human tumors with similar profiles. In support of this endeavor, we characterized the tumor microenvironment of four commonly used models and demonstrate they encompass a range of immunogenicities, from highly immune infiltrated RENCA tumors to poorly infiltrated B16F10 tumors. Tumor cell lines for each model exhibit different intrinsic factors in vitro that likely influence immune infiltration upon subcutaneous implantation. Similarly, solid tumors in vivo for each model are unique, each enriched in distinct features ranging from pathogen response elements to antigen presentation machinery. As RENCA tumors progress in size, all major T cell populations diminish while myeloid-derived suppressor cells become more enriched, possibly driving immune suppression and tumor progression. In CT26 tumors, CD8 T cells paradoxically increase in density yet are restrained as tumor volume increases. Finally, immunotherapy treatment across these different tumor-immune landscapes segregate into responders and non-responders based on features partially dependent on pre-existing immune infiltrates. Overall, these studies provide an important resource to enhance our translation of syngeneic models to human tumors. Future mechanistic studies paired with this resource will help identify responsive patient populations and improve strategies where immunotherapies are predicted to be ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong W. Yu
- Immuno-Oncology and Combinations Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States of America
| | - Sabyasachi Bhattacharya
- Immuno-Oncology and Combinations Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States of America
| | - Niranjan Yanamandra
- Immuno-Oncology and Combinations Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States of America
| | - David Kilian
- Immuno-Oncology and Combinations Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States of America
| | - Hong Shi
- Immuno-Oncology and Combinations Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States of America
| | - Sapna Yadavilli
- Immuno-Oncology and Combinations Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States of America
| | - Yuliya Katlinskaya
- Immuno-Oncology and Combinations Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States of America
| | - Heather Kaczynski
- Immuno-Oncology and Combinations Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States of America
| | - Michael Conner
- Immuno-Oncology and Combinations Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States of America
| | - William Benson
- Target Sciences R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States of America
| | - Ashleigh Hahn
- Immuno-Oncology and Combinations Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States of America
| | - Laura Seestaller-Wehr
- Immuno-Oncology and Combinations Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States of America
| | - Meixia Bi
- Immuno-Oncology and Combinations Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J. Vitali
- Immuno-Oncology and Combinations Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States of America
| | - Lyuben Tsvetkov
- Immuno-Oncology and Combinations Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States of America
| | - Wendy Halsey
- Target Sciences R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States of America
| | - Ashley Hughes
- Target Sciences R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States of America
| | - Christopher Traini
- Target Sciences R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States of America
| | - Hui Zhou
- Target Sciences R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States of America
| | - Junping Jing
- Target Sciences R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States of America
| | - Tae Lee
- Target Sciences R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States of America
| | - David J. Figueroa
- Immuno-Oncology and Combinations Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States of America
| | - Sara Brett
- Immuno-Oncology and Combinations Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States of America
| | - Christopher B. Hopson
- Immuno-Oncology and Combinations Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States of America
| | - James F. Smothers
- Immuno-Oncology and Combinations Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States of America
| | - Axel Hoos
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AH); (RS)
| | - Roopa Srinivasan
- Immuno-Oncology and Combinations Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AH); (RS)
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5
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Yadavilli S, Zhang T, Hahn A, Seestaller-Wehr LM, Shi H, Liu YB, DeYoung M, Kilian DJ, Bi M, Adam MP, Zhang SY, Bhattacharya S, Katlinskaya Y, Blackwell C, Hopson CB, Yanamandra N, Srinivasan R, Mayes PA, Hoos A. Abstract 1637: ICOS agonism induces potent immune activation and anti-tumor response in non-clinical models. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS) is a costimulatory receptor that is upregulated on activated CD4 and CD8 T cells and plays an important role in T cell survival, differentiation, regulation of memory and regulatory T cell pools and humoral responses. Preclinically, augmenting signaling through the ICOS pathway has been reported to induce anti-tumor activity and enhance responses to CTLA4 blockade.
Here we present non-clinical data evaluating ICOS agonist antibody activity in human and mouse model systems using a different antibody for each species. GSK3359609 is a novel, selective anti-human ICOS agonist. GSK3359609 induces ICOS signaling through phosphorylation of intermediates in the Pi3K pathway leading to lymphocyte activation, proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in human PBMC in-vitro. A robust increase in CD4 effector T cell proliferation and Granzyme B secreting CD8 T cells was observed with GSK3359609 treatment in in-vitro assays utilizing PBMC from healthy donors, cancer patients or tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). Modest induction of regulatory T cell proliferation and IL-10 secretion were also observed. Significant increase in IFNγ (p<0.05) and TNFα secretion was observed in both primary PBMC and TIL based assays. Gene expression analysis of GSK3359609 treated human T cells confirmed changes in genes associated with T and B cell activation. In mice, an ICOS surrogate antibody was utilized in immune competent mouse tumor models. Tumor regressions were observed in 10-40% of mice and were associated with a robust increase in effector memory T cells in periphery as well as increases in T cell activation and proliferation in lymphoid tissues and tumor. Robust increases in PD1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 gene expression were observed in the tumors from ICOS antibody treated mice along with an increase in cytotoxic T cell signature and induction of an IFNγ gene signature. Changes in regulatory T cell proliferation were also observed in the blood and tumor of mice treated with the mouse ICOS agonist however changes were consistently less in magnitude than corresponding functional changes in cytotoxic CD8+ and effector CD4 cells.
We further explored treatment settings where a combination therapy may condition the tumor immune microenvironment to a more favorable context for ICOS agonist therapy. Treatment with an anti-PD1 antibody resulted in strong upregulation of ICOS expression on tumor infiltrating CD8, CD4 effector and regulatory T cells while decreasing ICOS+ Tregs relative to CD8 and CD4 effectors in the tumor microenvironment. Synergistic anti-tumor activity was observed for the combination of PD-1 with ICOS agonist antibodies in preclinical studies. These studies provide a strong rationale for the ongoing FTIH Phase I study of GSK3359609 administered alone and in combination with pembrolizumab to patients with selected advanced solid tumors.
Citation Format: Sapna Yadavilli, Tianqian Zhang, Ashleigh Hahn, Laura M. Seestaller-Wehr, Hong Shi, Yao-Bin Liu, M.Phillip DeYoung, David J. Kilian, Meixia Bi, Michael P. Adam, Shu-Yun Zhang, Sabyasachi Bhattacharya, Yuliya Katlinskaya, Christina Blackwell, Christopher B. Hopson, Niranjan Yanamandra, Roopa Srinivasan, Patrick A. Mayes, Axel Hoos. ICOS agonism induces potent immune activation and anti-tumor response in non-clinical models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1637. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1637
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hong Shi
- Glaxosmithkline, Collegeville, PA
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Erickson-Miller CL, Delorme E, Tian SS, Hopson CB, Landis AJ, Valoret EI, Sellers TS, Rosen J, Miller SG, Luengo JI, Duffy KJ, Jenkins JM. Preclinical activity of eltrombopag (SB-497115), an oral, nonpeptide thrombopoietin receptor agonist. Stem Cells 2009; 27:424-30. [PMID: 19038790 PMCID: PMC2729672 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2008-0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Eltrombopag is a first-in-class, orally bioavailable, small-molecule, nonpeptide agonist of the thrombopoietin receptor (TpoR), which is being developed as a treatment for thrombocytopenia of various etiologies. In vitro studies have demonstrated that the activity of eltrombopag is dependent on expression of TpoR, which activates the signaling transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathways. The objective of this preclinical study is to determine if eltrombopag interacts selectively with the TpoR to facilitate megakaryocyte differentiation in platelets. Functional thrombopoietic activity was demonstrated by the proliferation and differentiation of primary human CD34+ bone marrow cells into CD41+ megakaryocytes. Measurements in platelets in several species indicated that eltrombopag specifically activates only the human and chimpanzee STAT pathways. The in vivo activity of eltrombopag was demonstrated by an increase of up to 100% in platelet numbers when administered orally (10 mg/kg per day for 5 days) to chimpanzees. In conclusion, eltrombopag interacts selectively with the TpoR without competing with Tpo, leading to the increased proliferation and differentiation of human bone marrow progenitor cells into megakaryocytes and increased platelet production. These results suggest that eltrombopag and Tpo may be able to act additively to increase platelet production.
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7
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Safonov IG, Heerding DA, Keenan RM, Price AT, Erickson-Miller CL, Hopson CB, Levin JL, Lord KA, Tapley PM. New benzimidazoles as thrombopoietin receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:1212-6. [PMID: 16376078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.11.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2005] [Accepted: 11/22/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel benzimidazole series of small-molecule thrombopoietin receptor agonists has been discovered. Herein, we discuss the preliminary exploration of structure-activity relationships within this chemotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor G Safonov
- Medicinal Chemistry and Oncology Research Departments, Microbial, Musculoskeletal and Proliferative Diseases, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
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8
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Erickson-Miller CL, DeLorme E, Tian SS, Hopson CB, Stark K, Giampa L, Valoret EI, Duffy KJ, Luengo JL, Rosen J, Miller SG, Dillon SB, Lamb P. Discovery and characterization of a selective, nonpeptidyl thrombopoietin receptor agonist. Exp Hematol 2005; 33:85-93. [PMID: 15661401 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2004.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2004] [Revised: 09/22/2004] [Accepted: 09/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Peptide and other small molecule agonists have been described for several cytokines and growth factors. Hydrazone compounds described here as thrombopoietin receptor agonists were identified as activating STAT proteins in a Tpo responsive cell line. METHODS STAT activation and analysis of signal transduction pathways in cell lines and normal human platelets was elucidated by Western blot and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Proliferation assays in cell types responsive to other cytokines determined specificity for Tpo receptor. Flow cytometry quantified differentiation of CD34(+) cells into CD41(+) megakaryocytes and platelet production in vitro. RESULTS Activation of STAT5, mitogen-activated protein kinase, p38, and early response genes by SB 394725 was similar to that induced by Tpo. SB 394725 induced a reporter gene response under a STAT activation promoter as well as the megakaryocyte-specific gpIIb promoter. The compound induced proliferation of Tpo responsive lines but demonstrated no activity in cell lines responding to other cytokines, i.e., erythropoietin, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, interleukin-3, interferon-gamma. The response of normal human Tpo receptors was elucidated by measuring growth and differentiation of human bone marrow in vitro. Activation of endogenous Tpo receptors by SB 394725 was demonstrated in human and chimp platelets, but not in platelets of other species including mouse, dog, rabbit, or cynomolgus monkey. CONCLUSIONS SB 394725, a small molecule with a molecular weight of 452 Da, is capable of activating Tpo-specific signal transduction, proliferation, and differentiation responses similar to the responses and functions of the protein growth factor, Tpo.
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Erickson-Miller CL, Freeman SD, Hopson CB, D'Alessio KJ, Fischer EI, Kikly KK, Abrahamson JA, Holmes SD, King AG. Characterization of Siglec-5 (CD170) expression and functional activity of anti-Siglec-5 antibodies on human phagocytes. Exp Hematol 2003; 31:382-8. [PMID: 12763136 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(03)00046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Siglec family of proteins consists of at least 10 members with immunoglobulin and lectin domains and with similar sialic acid-binding properties. Many Siglec family members are expressed on hematopoietic cells and are involved in cell/cell interactions. Some family members are suspected of regulating cellular processes through specific signaling pathways. Monoclonal antibodies were generated against specific epitopes of Siglec-5 (CD170) and were used to determine expression of Siglec-5 on normal blood and marrow cells and cell lines. The antibodies also were used to elucidate functional activity for Siglec-5 on blood neutrophils. METHODS Flow cytometry and ELISA were used to determine the specificity of the monoclonal antibodies for Siglec-5 and to determine expression patterns. Chemiluminescence assays were employed to measure the oxidative burst activity of whole blood or purified neutrophils following treatment with the anti-Siglec-5 antibodies. RESULTS Cell surface expression analysis demonstrated that the protein was expressed on gated human neutrophil and monocyte populations, both in the blood and bone marrow. Expression on neutrophils was enhanced by one-hour treatment with fMLP or TNF-alpha. Epitope-specific anti-Siglec-5 monoclonal antibodies did not directly activate human neutrophils; however, antibody binding augmented neutrophil oxidative burst activity as determined by fMLP-induced luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. CONCLUSION Data demonstrating expression of Siglec-5 on cells of the myelomonocytic lineage and alteration of its expression by inflammatory stimuli suggest a role for this protein in cell/cell interactions following microbial exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie L Erickson-Miller
- Department of Molecular Virology and Host Defense, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Collegeville, PA, USA.
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Duffy KJ, Darcy MG, Delorme E, Dillon SB, Eppley DF, Erickson-Miller C, Giampa L, Hopson CB, Huang Y, Keenan RM, Lamb P, Leong L, Liu N, Miller SG, Price AT, Rosen J, Shah R, Shaw TN, Smith H, Stark KC, Tian SS, Tyree C, Wiggall KJ, Zhang L, Luengo JI. Hydrazinonaphthalene and azonaphthalene thrombopoietin mimics are nonpeptidyl promoters of megakaryocytopoiesis. J Med Chem 2001; 44:3730-45. [PMID: 11606138 DOI: 10.1021/jm010283l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput screening for the induction of a luciferase reporter gene in a thrombopoietin (TPO)-responsive cell line resulted in the identification of 4-diazo-3-hydroxy-1-naphthalenesulfonic acids as TPO mimics. Modification of the core structure and adjustment of unwanted functionality resulted in the development of (5-oxo-1,5-dihydropyrazol-4-ylidene)hydrazines which exhibited efficacies equivalent to those of TPO in several cell-based assays designed to measure thrombopoietic activity. Furthermore, these compounds elicited biochemical responses in TPO-receptor-expressing cells similar to those in TPO itself, including kinase activation and protein phosphorylation. Potencies for the best compounds were high for such low molecular weight compounds (MW < 500) with EC(50) values in the region of 1-20 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Duffy
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
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