1
|
Thompson AJ, Henrich CC, Steelesmith DL, Hughes J, Ruch D, Bridge JA, Campo JV, Fontanella CA. Identifying Subgroups of Youth Suicide Decedents Based on Clinical Profiles of Psychiatric and Medical Diagnoses: A Latent Class Analysis. J Adolesc Health 2024:S1054-139X(24)00096-X. [PMID: 38520430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify risk subgroups of youth suicide decedents using demographic and clinical psychiatric and medical diagnostic profiles to inform tailored youth suicide prevention efforts. METHODS This study linked Ohio Medicaid and death certificate data for Medicaid enrolled youth aged 8-25 years who died by suicide between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2020 (N = 511). Latent class analysis was used to identify distinct clinical risk subgroups. RESULTS Three latent classes were identified. Internalizing problems were common across all classes, but especially prevalent in class 1, the High Internalizing + Multiple Comorbidities group (n = 152, 30%). A prior history of suicidal behavior was confined to class 1 decedents, who were otherwise characterized by substance misuse, and multiple psychiatric and medical comorbidities. Class 2 decedents, the Internalizing + Externalizing group (n = 176, 34%), were more often younger, male, Black, and unlikely to have a history of substance misuse. Decedents in class 3, the Internalizing + Substance Misuse group (n = 183, 36%), were more often older and likely to have a history of substance misuse, but unlikely to exhibit other externalizing problems. DISCUSSION Internalizing psychopathology is particularly common among youth who die by suicide, with comorbid externalizing psychopathology, substance misuse, and medical problems contributing to youth suicide risk. Because less than a third of youth who die by suicide have a prior history of recognized suicidal thinking or behavior, universal screening for youth suicide risk should be considered, particularly in younger children, and efforts to integrate suicide prevention in traditional health care settings should be prioritized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Thompson
- Center for Suicide Prevention and Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.
| | | | - Danielle L Steelesmith
- Center for Suicide Prevention and Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jennifer Hughes
- Big Lots Behavioral Health Services and Division of Child and Family Psychiatry, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Donna Ruch
- Center for Suicide Prevention and Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey A Bridge
- Center for Suicide Prevention and Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - John V Campo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cynthia A Fontanella
- Center for Suicide Prevention and Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tone EB, Henrich CC. Principles, policies, and practices: Thoughts on their integration over the rise of the developmental psychopathology perspective and into the future. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38415398 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Developmental psychopathology has, since the late 20th century, offered an influential integrative framework for conceptualizing psychological health, distress, and dysfunction across the lifespan. Leaders in the field have periodically generated predictions about its future and have proposed ways to increase the macroparadigm's impact. In this paper, we examine, using articles sampled from each decade of the journal Development and Psychopathology's existence as a rough guide, the degree to which the themes that earlier predictions have emphasized have come to fruition and the ways in which the field might further capitalize on the strengths of this approach to advance knowledge and practice in psychology. We focus in particular on two key themes first, we explore the degree to which researchers have capitalized on the framework's capacity for principled flexibility to generate novel work that integrates neurobiological and/or social-contextual factors measured at multiple levels and offer ideas for moving this kind of work forward. Second, we discuss how extensively articles have emphasized implications for intervention or prevention and how the field might amplify the voice of developmental psychopathology in applied settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin B Tone
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thompson AJ, Henrich CC. Maternal depression and child telomere length: The role of genetic sensitivity. J Affect Disord 2023; 334:77-82. [PMID: 37146910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stress of a mother's depression may increasingly tax psychobiological systems that help children with self-regulation, increasing children's allostatic load over time. Some evidence supports children exposed to maternal depression tend to have shorter telomeres and tend to have more somatic and psychological problems. Children having one or more A1 alleles of dopamine receptor 2 (DRD2, rs1800497), tend to have greater sensitivity to maternal depression and could experience more adverse child outcomes that contribute to greater allostatic load. METHODS Using the Future Families and Child Wellbeing dataset, secondary-data analyses were used to test the effect of repeated exposure to maternal depression during early childhood on children's telomere length during middle childhood moderated by children's DRD2 genotype (N = 2884). RESULTS Greater maternal depression was not significantly associated with shorter child telomere length and this association was not moderated by DRD2 genotypes while controlling for factors associated with child telomere length. IMPLICATIONS The effect of maternal depression on children's TL may not be significant in populations from diverse racial-ethnic and family backgrounds during middle childhood. These findings could help further our current understanding psychobiological systems affected by maternal depression that result in adverse child outcomes. LIMITATIONS Even though this study used a relatively large and diverse sample, replication of DRD2 moderation in even larger samples is an important next step.
Collapse
|
4
|
Tone EB, Henrich CC. Peer victimization and social confidence in youth with disabilities. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2023.101519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
|
5
|
Abstract
The bidirectional associations between maternal depression and child psychological functioning are generally well-established. Paternal depression may also share some bidirectional associations with child psychological functioning, but there is limited research in this area. It is unclear how or when one family member's anxiety or depression might affect another family member's mental health. The present study tested the bidirectional associations between maternal depression, paternal depression, and children's internalizing problems of anxiety and depression from early childhood into mid-adolescence. The present study also included unmarried parents, who are often underrepresented in research. Secondary analyses were performed using a subset of data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing (FFCW) study, beginning when children were 3-years-old and ending when children were 15-years-old. Families (N = 4,873) were from racially and economically diverse backgrounds-nearly half of the mothers were non-Hispanic Black and 65% of mothers had a high school degree or further education. We found evidence of bidirectional associations between maternal depression and child internalizing problems across early childhood and into adolescence. We found no bidirectional associations between paternal and maternal depression or between paternal depression and children's internalizing problems. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
6
|
Evans C, Moore R, Seitz S, Jatta I, Kuperminc GP, Henrich CC. Youth Perspectives on Virtual After-School Programming During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JYD 2021. [DOI: 10.5195/jyd.2021.1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
After-school programs provide a range of support for students. During school closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many after-school programs were also forced to close or to find new ways to provide services to youth, such as through virtual after-school programming. We surveyed 244 youth who participated in virtual after-school programs about their access to virtual programming as well as their experiences. We considered their pre-closure experiences as well. We also surveyed 8 program directors of after-school programs who were providing virtual programming. We found that Internet access hindered the ability of more than 1 in 4 students to access the programs. Pre-closure program experiences, including ongoing relationships with program staff and positive peer relationships contributed to more positive experiences with virtual programming. Whenever students were able to access the programs, they generally reported positive experiences. This work has implications for after-school program providers, parents, and policymakers.
Collapse
|
7
|
Halmos MB, Parrott DJ, Henrich CC, Eckhardt CI. The structure of aggression in conflict-prone couples: Validation of a measure of the Forms and Functions of Intimate Partner Aggression (FFIPA). Psychol Assess 2020; 32:461-472. [PMID: 32011159 PMCID: PMC7148188 DOI: 10.1037/pas0000806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner aggression (IPA) is a complex construct composed of the means and the motivations by which a person harms his or her intimate partner. Existing measures only assess forms of IPA perpetration while neglecting to measure the motivations for aggressing. The present study sought to fill this lacuna by adapting and validating an existing measure of the forms and functions of adolescent peer aggression to assess IPA perpetration in adults. This new measure-the Forms and Functions of Intimate Partner Aggression (FFIPA)-comprises 4 latent dimensions of IPA (i.e., overt, relational, proactive, and reactive). Participants were 341 heavy-drinking heterosexual couples (N = 682) with a recent history of psychological and/or physical IPA recruited from 2 metropolitan cities in the United States. The FFIPA demonstrated good model fit and internal validity. Unique patterns of convergent and criterion-related validity supported the 4 dimensions of the FFIPA. Results also indicated women perpetrated significantly more overt and relational aggression than men. Findings support the FFIPA as a valid measure of the forms and functions of IPA perpetration. More important, as the only instrument that parses the forms and functions of IPA perpetration, the FFIPA delineates the unique motivations of an aggressive partner separately from the form of his or her aggressive behavior(s). Further replication is needed to generalize this measure to nonconflictual and other types of intimate relationships. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
8
|
Weinstein AG, Henrich CC, Armstrong GT, Stratton KL, King TZ, Leisenring WM, Krull KR. Roles of positive psychological outcomes in future health perception and mental health problems: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Psychooncology 2018; 27:2754-2760. [PMID: 30189119 DOI: 10.1002/pon.4881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Positive psychological outcomes among adolescent and young adult survivors of childhood cancer may influence long-term health status. We examined posttraumatic growth (PTG) and Life satisfaction (LS) in adolescence, and their impact on future emotional and physical health status in young adulthood. METHODS Survivors (n = 2802) from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study were longitudinally analyzed across social, emotional, and physical factors during adolescence (12-17 years old), and PTG (PTG-Inventory) and LS (Cantril-Ladder-of-Life) during young adulthood (19-24 years old). The impact of PTG and LS on survivors' future long-term mental health, physical health, and social skills was also examined (23-28 years old) using Structural Equation Modeling. RESULTS Survivors reported high levels of LS (M = 7.43, range 1 to 10) and a positive impact from their cancer experience (M = 48.78, range 0 to 105). Adolescent predictors of higher PTG included older age at diagnosis (p = 0.001), experiencing more severe chronic health conditions (p = 0.01), cancer recurrence/relapse (p = 0.01), and being diagnosed with a non-CNS cancer (p = 0.001). Higher perceived general health (p = 0.01), higher social skills (p = 0.001), and diagnosis with a non-CNS cancer (p = 0.02) were associated with higher LS. Higher PTG during young adulthood predicted poorer perceived health (p = 0.04) and worse emotional health (p = 0.001) in later adulthood. Higher LS predicted better emotional health (p = 0.001) and better perceived health (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS While LS was found to help survivors have better perceived long-term emotional and physical health outcomes, survivors with higher PTG fond both positive and negative impacts from cancer. Future therapeutic trials to improve LS should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gregory T Armstrong
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kevin R Krull
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Abstract
We examined the validity of a measurement system for the study of aggression that distinguishes among four principle dimensions of aggressive behaviour: overt and relational aggression (i.e., the “whats”) and instrumental and reactive aggression (i.e., the “whys”). The sample comprised 1723 adolescents (Grades 5 through 10) from Berlin, Germany. The internal validity of the measurement system was strongly supported, revealing four discrete dimensions of aggression: two overriding forms (overt and relational) and two underlying functions (instrumental and reactive). The differential and unique patterns of criterion-related validity strongly supported the distinctions among the constructs. The importance of disentangling these dimensions in understanding the development of aggressive behaviour is discussed.
Collapse
|
11
|
Shahar G, Henrich CC. Perceived family social support buffers against the effects of exposure to rocket attacks on adolescent depression, aggression, and severe violence. J Fam Psychol 2016; 30:163-168. [PMID: 26690329 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The authors compared the protective effects of 3 sources of perceived social support-from family members, friends, and school personnel-on internalizing and externalizing symptoms in adolescents exposed to rocket attacks. Data were based on 362 Israeli adolescents (median age = 14), chronically exposed to rockets from the Gaza Strip, for whom robust effects of exposure on internalizing and externalizing symptoms were reported during the 2009-2010 period (Henrich & Shahar, 2013). New analyses revealed that perceived family social support assessed in 2009 buffered against the effect of exposure to rocket attacks on depression, aggression, and severe violence during 2009-2010. Findings are consistent with a human-ecological perspective exposure to political violence and encourage the employment of family-based preventive interventions in afflicted areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Golan Shahar
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Elmelid A, Stickley A, Lindblad F, Schwab-Stone M, Henrich CC, Ruchkin V. Depressive symptoms, anxiety and academic motivation in youth: Do schools and families make a difference? J Adolesc 2015; 45:174-82. [PMID: 26476790 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This longitudinal study aimed to examine the association between depressive and anxiety symptoms and academic motivation by gender, and whether positive school and family factors would be associated with academic motivation, in spite of the presence of such symptoms. Study participants were predominantly economically disadvantaged youths aged 13-15 years in a Northeastern US urban public school system. The Social and Health Assessment (SAHA) served as the basis for a survey undertaken in 2003 and 2004 with information being used from students who participated at both time points (N = 643). Multiple linear regression analyses showed that depressive symptoms were negatively associated with academic motivation, while anxiety was positively related to academic motivation in both genders. Teacher support, school attachment and parental control were positively related to academic motivation even in the presence of internalizing problems. The negative association of depressive symptoms with academic motivation may be potentially decreased by attachment to school.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Elmelid
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala S-751 85, Sweden
| | - Andrew Stickley
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Centre for Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan; Stockholm Centre on Health of Societies in Transition (SCOHOST), Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Human Ecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Frank Lindblad
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala S-751 85, Sweden
| | - Mary Schwab-Stone
- Child Study Center, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | - Vladislav Ruchkin
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala S-751 85, Sweden; Child Study Center, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Cognitive functioning has historically been used to predict adaptive outcomes of people with autism spectrum disorders; however, research shows that it is not a complete predictor. The current study explored whether emotion perception was a predictor of adaptive outcomes, and more specifically, hypothesized that emotion perception (Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy-2 error scores) would mediate adaptive functioning of people with autism spectrum disorder (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition). People with autism spectrum disorders demonstrated significantly lower adaptive functioning and emotion perception skills compared to typically developing individuals. Emotion perception acted as a significant mediator for socialization, but not communication or daily living skills, highlighting that in people with autism spectrum disorders, lower socialization abilities is the result, in part, of emotion perception deficits. It was unexpected that emotion perception was not a mediator for communication skills. This may be related to sample restrictions, or the narrow focus on emotion perception. Future research should involve a larger, more inclusive autism spectrum disorder sample, broaden approaches to exploring relationships between social perception and adaptive outcomes, and relate findings to brain mechanisms underlying emotion perception.
Collapse
|
14
|
Henrich CC, Shahar G. Effects of exposure to rocket attacks on adolescent distress and violence: a 4-year longitudinal study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2013; 52:619-27. [PMID: 23702451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of Israeli adolescents' exposure to rocket attacks over time were examined, focusing on anxiety, depression, aggression, and violence commission. METHOD A sample of 362 adolescents from southern Israel was followed from 2008 through 2011 with four annual assessments. Measures included exposure to rocket attacks (gauging whether children were affected by rocket attacks, both directly and indirectly, through friends and family), anxiety (items from the State Anxiety Inventory), depression (the Center for Epidemiological Studies Child Depression Scale), aggression (the Orpinas Aggression Scale), and violence commission (from the Social and Health Assessment). RESULTS Concurrent and longitudinal findings differed. Wave 1 exposure to rockets attacks was associated with Wave 1 anxiety, depression, and aggression. Longitudinal results evinced only modest effects of exposure on anxiety and depression, no effects on aggression, but robust effects on violence commission. Exposure to terror attacks before the study predicted increased odds of violence commission at the fourth and final wave, controlling for violence commission at the first, second, and third wave. Exposure to rocket attacks in the second wave predicted increased odds of violence commission at the third wave. CONCLUSION This is the first longitudinal study attesting to the prospective longitudinal effect of exposure to terrorism on adolescent violence. Findings should serve as a red flag for health care practitioners working in civil areas afflicted by terrorism and political violence.
Collapse
|
15
|
Weinstein AG, Henrich CC. Psychological interventions helping pediatric oncology patients cope with medical procedures: a nurse-centered approach. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2013; 17:726-31. [PMID: 23725658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH This study explored whether psychological interventions are currently used by pediatric oncology nurses to help children cope with their treatment and, if so, which interventions were considered by oncology nurses to be the most effective. METHODS AND SAMPLE A web-based survey was developed to assess pediatric oncology nurses' impressions of psychological care for pediatric patients during their medical treatment. A sample of 88 pediatric oncologic nurses from twelve leading pediatric oncology departments in the US participated in the survey. The closed questions were analyzed through quantitative methods with statistics. The open questions were examined through qualitative methods with report narratives and discourse analysis. KEY RESULTS Pediatric oncology nurses identified three psychological interventions to reduce suffering: educating children by explaining the procedure; providing emotional support to children by listening, answering children's worries, or holding their hands; and distracting children through passive and active forms. The survey further showed that nurses spent on average 3 h per day providing emotional support, would be willing to be trained in additional interventions (93%), and could devote at least 10 min per treatment to provide support (77%). CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates the central role nurses play as emotional support caregivers. Since nurses would be willing to provide emotional support during treatments, training may be an approach to incorporate the use of psychological interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie G Weinstein
- Georgia State University, Department of Psychology, P.O. Box 5010, Atlanta, GA 30302-5010, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shahar G, Henrich CC. Axis of criticism model (ACRIM): An integrative conceptualization of person–context exchanges in vulnerability to adolescent psychopathology. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration 2013. [DOI: 10.1037/a0031418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
17
|
Shahar G, Elad-Strenger J, Henrich CC. Risky Resilience and Resilient Risk: The Key Role of Intentionality in an Emerging Dialectics. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 2012. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2012.31.6.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
18
|
Abstract
We examined whether clinically distinct subgroups can be derived from a sample of toddlers (n = 186) who failed the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, received a comprehensive clinical evaluation, and were diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Three subgroups emerged from cluster analysis distinguished by (a) social, communication, and intellectual skills and (b) the rate and intensity of repetitive behaviors and abnormal sensory response. Preoccupations, compulsions, and rituals did not distinguish resultant subgroups. These results support a dimensional diagnostic view of ASDs in toddlers since subgroup differences were based on symptom severity rather than different symptom profiles. Results also identify specific types and levels of behavioral deficit relevant to toddler populations. Implications for early diagnosis are discussed.
Collapse
|
19
|
Barile JP, Donohue DK, Anthony ER, Baker AM, Weaver SR, Henrich CC. Teacher-student relationship climate and school outcomes: implications for educational policy initiatives. J Youth Adolesc 2011; 41:256-67. [PMID: 21404108 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-011-9652-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent discussions regarding concerns about the academic achievement of US students, educational policy makers have suggested the implementation of certain teacher policies. To address the limited empirical research on the putative educational impact of such policies, this study used multilevel structural equation models to investigate the longitudinal associations between teacher evaluation and reward policies, and student mathematics achievement and dropout with a national sample of students (n = 7,779) attending one of 431 public high schools. The student sample included an equal number of boys and girls averaging 16 years of age, and included a White (53%) majority. This study examined whether associations between teacher policies and student achievement were mediated by the teacher-student relationship climate. Results of this study were threefold. First, teacher evaluation policies that allowed students to evaluate their teachers were associated with more positive student reports of the classroom teaching climate. Second, schools with teacher reward policies that included assigning higher performing teachers with higher performing students had a negative association with student perceptions of the teaching climate. Lastly, schools with better student perceptions of the teaching climate were associated with lower student dropout rates by students' senior year. These findings are discussed in light of their educational policy implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John P Barile
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-5010, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using a multi-trait-multi-method technique, self-concept was analysed as a function of chronological age in children with mild intellectual disabilities. Also, relations between reading achievement and self-concept were measured. METHODS Participants were assessed on the Woodcock Reading Mastery Test-Revised, the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance and the Self-Description Questionnaire I--Individual Administration. RESULTS A median split was run to divide participants into younger and older groups; older participants evidenced coefficients that revealed more multidimensionality, stability and discriminant validity. Also, a significant canonical correlation was found between the Harter Pictorial Scale at Time 1 and WRMT-R at Time 2, chi(2)(8) = 17.99, r = 0.62, p = 0.02. CONCLUSION As a whole, these results suggest that children with intellectual disabilities evince self-concept development similar to what would be expected in typically-developing children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Donohue
- Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fanti KA, Henrich CC. Trajectories of pure and co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problems from age 2 to age 12: findings from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care. Dev Psychol 2010; 46:1159-75. [PMID: 20822230 DOI: 10.1037/a0020659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
How and why do internalizing and externalizing problems, psychopathological problems from different diagnostic classes representing separate forms of psychopathology, co-occur in children? We investigated the development of pure and co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problems from ages 2 to 12 with the use of latent class growth analysis. Furthermore, we examined how early childhood factors (temperament, cognitive functioning, maternal depression, and home environment) and early adolescent social and behavioral adjustment variables were related to differential trajectories of pure and co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problems. The sample (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care) consisted of 1,232 children (52% male). Mother reports on the Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach, 1991, 1992) were used to construct the trajectories of externalizing and internalizing problems. Analyses identified groups of children exhibiting pure and co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problems. Children exhibiting continuous externalizing or continuous co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problems across the 10-year period under investigation were more likely to (a) engage in risky behaviors, (b) be associated with deviant peers, (c) be rejected by peers, and (d) be asocial with peers at early adolescence. However, children exhibiting pure internalizing problems over time were only at higher risk for being asocial with peers as early adolescents. Moreover, the additive effects of individual and environmental early childhood risk factors influenced the development of chronic externalizing problems, although pure internalizing problems were uniquely influenced by maternal depression. Results also provided evidence for the concepts of equifinality and multifinality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kostas A Fanti
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Henrich CC, Kuperminc GP, Sack A, Blatt SJ, Leadbeater BJ. Characteristics and Homogeneity of Early Adolescent Friendship Groups: A Comparison of Male and Female Clique and Nonclique Members. Applied Developmental Science 2010. [DOI: 10.1207/s1532480xads0401_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
23
|
Affiliation(s)
- Golan Shahar
- a Ben-Gurion University , Beer-Sheva, Israel
- b Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
|
26
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terrorism leads to adolescent depression, but little is known about protective factors. We investigated 90 adolescents (in grades 7-9) residing in Dimona, Israel, before and after their exposure to a suicide bombing. OBJECTIVE To examine the prospective effect of social support from friends, parents, and school personnel on the link between bombing-related perceived stress and adolescent depression. METHODS Seven months prior to the suicide bombing, adolescents completed questionnaires as part of an ongoing investigation of youth risk/resilience under stress. The focus of the present study was on the Perceived Social Support Scale. One month subsequent to the suicide bombing, participants were interviewed by telephone about their bombing-related perceived stress (a 1-item measure) and depression (the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Child Depression Scale). RESULTS Bombing-related perceived stress was associated with an increase in continuous levels of depression from before to after the bombing (beta = .29; P = .006). Prebombing social support from friends buffered against this effect (beta = -.29; P = .010). Adolescents reporting high bombing-related perceived stress evinced an increase in depression if they reported low levels of friends' support (beta = .61; P < .001) but not high levels of friends' support (beta = .00; P = .98). In addition, social support from friends predicted an increase in adolescent depression over time when bombing-related perceived stress was low (beta = .34; P = .026). CONCLUSION In adolescence, social support from friends might protect against the depressogenic effect of terrorism-related perceived stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Golan Shahar
- University of the Negev, Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
This study investigated the desensitization to violence over a short period of time. Participants watched nine violent movie scenes and nine comedy scenes, and reported whether they enjoyed the violent or comedy scenes and whether they felt sympathetic toward the victim of violence. Using latent growth modeling, analyses were carried out to investigate how participants responded to the different scenes across time. The findings of this study suggested that repeated exposure to media violence reduces the psychological impact of media violence in the short term, therefore desensitizing viewers to media violence. As a result, viewers tended to feel less sympathetic toward the victims of violence and actually enjoy more the violence portrayed in the media. Additionally, desensitization to media violence was better represented by a curvilinear pattern, whereas desensitization to comedy scenes was better represented by a linear pattern. Finally, trait aggression was not related to the pattern of change over time, although significant effects were found for initial reports of enjoyment and sympathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kostas A Fanti
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Price M, Anderson P, Henrich CC, Rothbaum BO. Greater expectations: using hierarchical linear modeling to examine expectancy for treatment outcome as a predictor of treatment response. Behav Ther 2008; 39:398-405. [PMID: 19027436 PMCID: PMC3678533 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2007.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2007] [Revised: 11/23/2007] [Accepted: 12/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A client's expectation that therapy will be beneficial has long been considered an important factor contributing to therapeutic outcomes, but recent empirical work examining this hypothesis has primarily yielded null findings. The present study examined the contribution of expectancies for treatment outcome to actual treatment outcome from the start of therapy through 12-month follow-up in a clinical sample of individuals (n=72) treated for fear of flying with either in vivo exposure or virtual reality exposure therapy. Using a piecewise hierarchical linear model, outcome expectancy predicted treatment gains made during therapy but not during follow-up. Compared to lower levels, higher expectations for treatment outcome yielded stronger rates of symptom reduction from the beginning to the end of treatment on 2 standardized self-report questionnaires on fear of flying. The analytic approach of the current study is one potential reason that findings contrast with prior literature. The advantages of using hierarchical linear modeling to assess interindividual differences in longitudinal data are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Price
- Anxiety Research & Treatment, Georgia State University, Psychology Department, Gilmer Street, SE, Unit 2, Atlanta, GA 30302-5010, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ruchkin V, Henrich CC, Jones SM, Vermeiren R, Schwab-Stone M. Violence exposure and psychopathology in urban youth: the mediating role of posttraumatic stress. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2007; 35:578-93. [PMID: 17333360 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-007-9114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2006] [Accepted: 02/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms underlying the development of violence exposure sequelae is essential to providing effective treatments for traumatized youth. This longitudinal study examined the mediating role of posttraumatic stress in the relationship between violence exposure and psychopathology, and compared the mediated models by gender. Urban adolescents (n=1,358) were surveyed using the Social and Health Assessment. The proposed relationships were examined using Structural Equation Modeling. Posttraumatic stress fully mediated the relationships between victimization and depression and anxiety in girls, and partially so in boys. In addition, posttraumatic stress partially mediated the relationships between violence exposure and commission of violence in boys. Current findings support the longitudinal effects of violence exposure on adolescent mental health. Posttraumatic stress represents a unique mechanism for the development of psychopathology in girls and is also related to negative outcomes in boys. These findings have direct implications for prevention and rehabilitation efforts among violence exposed youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Ruchkin
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 230 South Frontage Road, New Haven, CT 06520-7900, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), this study utilized an ecological approach to investigate the joint contribution of parents and schools on changes in violent behavior over time among a sample of 6,397 students (54% female) from 125 schools. This study examined the main and interactive effects of parent and school connectedness as buffers of violent behavior within a hierarchical linear model, focusing on both students and schools as the unit of analysis. Results show that students who feel more connected to their schools demonstrate reductions in violent behavior over time. On the school level, our findings suggest that school climate serves as a protective factor for student violent behavior. Finally, parent and school connectedness appear to work together to buffer adolescents from the effects of violence exposure on subsequent violent behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Brookmeyer
- Georgia State University, Department of Psychology, Atlanta, GA 30302-5010, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kidd S, Henrich CC, Brookmeyer KA, Davidson L, King RA, Shahar G. The social context of adolescent suicide attempts: interactive effects of parent, peer, and school social relations. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2006; 36:386-95. [PMID: 16978093 DOI: 10.1521/suli.2006.36.4.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An ecological developmental model of adolescent suicidality was used to inform a hierarchical logistic regression analysis of longitudinal interactions between parent, peer, and school relations and suicide attempts. Reanalyzing data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, it was found that parent relations were the most consistent protective factor, and among boys with prior suicide attempts, school relations augmented the effects of parent relations when peer relations were low. Results indicated the need to understand suicidal behavior as a component of interactive social processes in the design of clinical interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Kidd
- St. Joseph's Healthcare, Centre for Mountain Health Services--MHR, 100 West 5th St., Hamilton, Ontario Canada, L8N 3K7.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Shahar G, Henrich CC, Winokur A, Blatt SJ, Kuperminc GP, Leadbeater BJ. Self-criticism and depressive symptomatology interact to predict middle school academic achievement. J Clin Psychol 2006; 62:147-55. [PMID: 16287148 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.20210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although previous research has implicated adolescent depression in academic difficulties, few studies have explored the role of cognitive/personality factors in this area. To address this gap, the present study examines the role of self-criticism in academic functioning among early adolescent students over a 1-year interval. We hypothesized and found that adolescent self-criticism and depressive symptomatology interacted to predict decreased grade point average (GPA) over time, an interaction that was found predominantly in boys. This finding illustrates the need to integrate research on personality and psychopathology into educational psychology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Golan Shahar
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 205 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Action theories acknowledge the reciprocal nature of the relationship between individual action and social context. In this article, the author discusses various ways that the social context and the individual's actions can interact in childhood and adolescence. From an ecological perspective, emphasis is placed on two main issues: Children and adolescents develop within an interactive web of social contexts, and the examination of some contexts without taking into account others can lead to an incomplete and inaccurate accounting of the role of the social environment. Social contexts are frequently dynamic systems that fluctuate over time, and the extent to which children and adolescents can exert effortful control over changes in contexts varies. Implications of the ecological perspective for action-oriented research are discussed.
Collapse
|
34
|
Brookmeyer KA, Henrich CC, Schwab-Stone M. Adolescents who witness community violence: can parent support and prosocial cognitions protect them from committing violence? Child Dev 2005; 76:917-29. [PMID: 16026505 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00886.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This longitudinal study investigated the effects of witnessing violence on committing violence among diverse urban middle school students (11-15 years old) over a 1-year period (N = 1,599). It examined parent support and prosocial cognitions as moderators that might interact with one another in buffering adolescents from the effects of witnessing violence. The study also explored gender and ethnicity differences across these protective processes. According to the results, both average and high levels of parent support may offer male adolescents who witness violence protection against committing subsequent acts of violence. Adolescent females who witness violence appear to be uniquely protected from committing acts of violence if they have highly prosocial cognitions. Applications to resilience and competency models are discussed.
Collapse
|
35
|
Henrich CC, Brookmeyer KA, Shahar G. Weapon violence in adolescence: parent and school connectedness as protective factors. J Adolesc Health 2005; 37:306-12. [PMID: 16182141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2004] [Revised: 02/21/2005] [Accepted: 03/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), we investigated weapon violence involving violence exposure and commission, as well as the protective roles of parent and school connectedness over time. METHODS Adolescents from Add Health's core sample (N = 7033) were followed for one year over two waves of measurement. RESULTS Consistent with hypotheses, violence exposure and violence commission uniquely predicted each other over time. Also, adolescents who were more connected with their parents were less likely to commit weapon violence over time, and adolescents who were more connected to school were less likely to be exposed to weapon violence over time. However, neither domain of connectedness buffered adolescents from the effects of violence exposure on committing violence. Further, parent and school connectedness seemed to have more power as preventive rather than as mitigating factors in relation to weapon violence. CONCLUSION Further research using a broader array of violence measures may reveal additional processes through which protective factors can help sever the link between weapon violence exposure and commission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Henrich
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-5010, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Henrich CC, Brookmeyer KA, Shrier LA, Shahar G. Supportive relationships and sexual risk behavior in adolescence: an ecological-transactional approach. J Pediatr Psychol 2005; 31:286-97. [PMID: 15827352 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsj024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the longitudinal associations between supportive relationships with friends and parents and sexual risk behavior in adolescence based on an ecological-transactional perspective. METHODS Analyses were conducted on 2,652 sexually active adolescents from the first two waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). RESULTS African-American adolescents had lower risk for sexual risk behavior. Supportive friendships and parent connectedness interacted in predicting decreased likelihood of sexual risk behavior. Mother-child communication about sex contributed to decreased likelihood of sexual risk only for girls. There were also small reciprocal effects of sexual risk behavior on decreased relationship quality over time. CONCLUSION To better understand the parents' role in adolescent sexual risk behavior, multiple facets of parenting, the social contexts of parenting and adolescents' peers, and the effects of adolescents' behavior on these relationships should be taken into consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Henrich
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, PO Box 5010, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Martin A, Ruchkin V, Caminis A, Vermeiren R, Henrich CC, Schwab-Stone M. Early to bed: a study of adaptation among sexually active urban adolescent girls younger than age sixteen. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2005; 44:358-67. [PMID: 15782083 DOI: 10.1097/01.chi.0000153226.26850.fd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between sexual activity among urban adolescent girls and four global measures of psychosocial adaptation (academic motivation, school achievement, depressive symptoms, and expectations about the future). METHOD Data derived from the Social and Health Assessment, a self-report survey administered in 1998 to students in the public school system in New Haven, CT (149 classes at 17 middle and high schools). RESULTS Of 1,413 respondents (57% black, 28% Hispanic; mean age 13.4 +/- 1.7 years), 414 (29%) acknowledged prior sexual intercourse; the proportions of sexually active girls in 6th, 8th, and 10th grades were 14%, 30%, and 50%, respectively. In multivariate analyses of covariance, sexual activity was significantly associated with all four measures of psychosocial adaptation (p < .001). Other correlates of at least one measure of maladaptation included socioeconomic status, sensation seeking, and lower school grade (p < .001 for each), peer pressure (p < .01), and black ethnicity, and the interaction of sexual activity by lower school grade (p < .05 for each). CONCLUSIONS Compared with their sexually naive peers, sexually active adolescent girls had lower scores on global measures of psychosocial adaptation. These findings have clinical, policy, and research relevance to a vulnerable population at high risk of teenage pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Martin
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Shahar G, Cross LW, Henrich CC. Representations in action: (Or: action models of development meet psychoanalytic conceptualizations of mental representations). Psychoanal Study Child 2004; 59:261-93. [PMID: 16240615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Integrating psychoanalytic and action models of development affords a rich, detailed depiction of developmental psychopathology. Psychoanalytic models depict mental representations of self and others as unconsciously organizing and regulating affect, cognition, and behavior, in response to both maturational imperatives and drive related conflicts. Action models emphasize the active, reciprocal, and goal oriented nature of person-context exchanges. In linking the two perspectives, we propose that representations serve as the mechanisms through which individuals shape their development, personality, and well-being. This integrative perspective is illustrated using a clinical case of an adolescent female treated for an eating disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Golan Shahar
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Program on Recovery and Community Health, Yale University, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Shahar G, Henrich CC, Blatt SJ, Ryan R, Little TD. Interpersonal relatedness, self-definition, and their motivational orientation during adolescence: a theoretical and empirical integration. Dev Psychol 2003; 39:470-83. [PMID: 12760516 DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.39.3.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The authors examined a theoretical model linking interpersonal relatedness and self-definition (S.J. Blatt, 1974), autonomous and controlled regulation (E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan, 1985), and negative and positive life events in adolescence (N = 860). They hypothesized that motivational orientation would mediate the effects of interpersonal relatedness and self-definition on life events. Self-criticism, a maladaptive form of self-definition, predicted less positive events, whereas efficacy, an adaptive form of self-definition, predicted more positive events. These effects were fully mediated by the absence and presence, respectively, of autonomous motivation. Controlled motivation, predicted by self-criticism and maladaptive neediness, did not predict negative events. Results illustrate the centrality of protective, pleasure-related processes in adaptive adolescent development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Golan Shahar
- Department of Psychiatry and the Yale Program for Poverty, Disability, and Urban Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Shahar G, Henrich CC, Reiner IC, Little TD. Development and initial validation of the Brief Adolescent Life Event Scale (BALES). Anxiety, Stress & Coping 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/1061580021000057077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
41
|
Abstract
Psychometric properties for a new instrument, the EZ-Personality Questionnaire designed to assess the functioning of students with cultural-familial mental retardation, are presented. The analysis of data from 661 participants yielded a 37-item, seven-scale instrument that confirmed the five hypothesized factors of Positive Reaction Tendency, Negative Reaction Tendency, Effectance Motivation, Expectancy of Success, and Outerdirectedness and identified two additional factors of Curiosity/Creativity and Obedience. Separate studies were conducted to establish the concurrent and construct validity of the instrument. Reliability was examined through split-half and test-retest analyses. All psychometric indices were within acceptable levels, resulting in an instrument with potential applications in research, education, and clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Zigler
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Henrich CC, Blatt SJ, Kuperminc GP, Zohar A, Leadbeater BJ. Levels of interpersonal concerns and social functioning in early adolescent boys and girls. J Pers Assess 2001; 76:48-67. [PMID: 11206299 DOI: 10.1207/s15327752jpa7601_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that the Interpersonal Concerns factor of the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ; Blatt, D'Affliti, & Quinlan, 1976, 1979; Depressive Experiences Questionnaire for Adolescent [DEQ-A]; Blatt, Schaffer, Bers, & Quinlan, 1992) assesses 2 levels of interpersonal relatedness in young adults and older adolescents: neediness and relatedness. However, studies investigating the relation of the DEQ and DEQ-A with social functioning have not used the Neediness and Relatedness subscales of the Interpersonal Concerns factor. This study investigated (a) whether the Neediness and Relatedness subscales can be differentiated in a sample of early adolescents and (b) how the 2 subscales are differentially associated with indexes of social functioning. Results indicate that this differentiation of Neediness and Relatedness, and their associations with social functioning, emerges in early adolescence, especially for girls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Henrich
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
|