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Thompson AC, Miller ME, Webb CC, Williamson JD, Kritchevsky SB. Relationship of Self-reported and Performance-based Visual Function With Performance-based Measures of Physical Function: The Health ABC Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:2060-2069. [PMID: 36346340 PMCID: PMC10613017 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the relationship between self-reported and performance-based visual impairment (VI) and lower extremity physical function. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of 2 219 Health ABC participants who completed vision testing and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Linear regression models used either self-reported (weighted visual function question [VFQ] score) or performance-based (visual acuity [VA], log contrast sensitivity [LCS], Frisby stereoacuity [SA]) to predict SPPB or its components-gait speed, chair stands, or standing balance-with and without covariate adjustment. RESULTS Mean age was 73.5 years (range 69-80); 52.4% were female and 37.4% African American. All VI measures were strongly associated with SPPB in unadjusted and adjusted models (p < .001). A self-reported VFQ score 1 standard deviation lower than the mean (mean 87.8 out of 100) demonstrated a -0.241 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.325, -0.156) adjusted difference in SPPB. After controlling for covariates, VA of <20/40 (41%) demonstrated a -0.496 (-0.660, -0.331) lower SPPB score while SA score>85 arcsec (30%) had a -0.449 (-0.627, -0.271) adjusted SPPB score versus those with better visual function. LCS < 1.55 (28.6%) was associated with a -0.759 (-0.938, -0.579) lower and LCS ≤ 1.30 (8%) with a -1.216 (-1.515, -0.918) lower adjusted SPPB score relative to better LCS. In a final multivariable model containing multiple vision measures, LCS remained independently associated with SPPB and all components, while SA remained associated with balance (all p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Both self-reported and performance-based VI are strongly associated with poor lower extremity physical function. These findings may identify a subgroup of older adults with co-existing visual and physical dysfunction who may benefit from targeted screening and intervention to prevent disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atalie C Thompson
- Department of Surgical Ophthalmology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael E Miller
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher C Webb
- Department of Surgical Ophthalmology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeff D Williamson
- Department of Surgical Ophthalmology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
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Thompson AC, Chen H, Miller ME, Webb CC, Williamson JD, Marsh AP, Hugenschmidt CE, Baker LD, Laurienti PJ, Kritchevsky SB. Association Between Contrast Sensitivity and Physical Function in Cognitively Healthy Older Adults: The Brain Networks and Mobility Function Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1513-1521. [PMID: 36800312 PMCID: PMC10395565 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate whether contrast sensitivity is associated with lower extremity physical function in cognitively intact older adults. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of the relationship of binocular and worse eye log contrast sensitivity (LCS) to expanded Short Physical Performance Battery (eSPPB) and its components (gait speed, narrow walking speed, chair stand pace, and balance) in 192 cognitively healthy older adults. The association of LCS with postural sway and gait was also tested with tasks that further challenged functional reserve. RESULTS Mean age was 76.4 years with 56% identifying as female and over 98.5% having good corrected visual acuity. Lower LCS was significantly associated with worse performance on the eSPPB, 4-M gait speed, narrow walking speed, and balance time in unadjusted and adjusted models. The relationship between worse eye LCS and larger postural sway was 3 times greater on a foam surface (beta 1.07, 95% CI [0.35, 1.80]) than a firm surface (beta 0.35, 95% CI [0.05, 0.65]), and both were robust to adjustment for confounders; similar findings were observed with binocular LCS. Lower binocular LCS had a greater decremental effect on gait velocity during the fast pace (beta -0.58, 95% CI [-0.90, -0.27]) than the usual pace (Beta -0.39 [-0.63, -0.15]) gait task. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that cognitively unimpaired older adults without significant visual acuity impairment can have subtle preclinical deficits in contrast sensitivity and physical function that could place them at risk of mobility and balance issues. Future studies should determine whether this subset of older adults may benefit from targeted intervention to prevent disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atalie C Thompson
- Wake Forest Claude D. Pepper Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgical Ophthalmology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Haiying Chen
- Wake Forest Claude D. Pepper Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael E Miller
- Wake Forest Claude D. Pepper Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher C Webb
- Wake Forest Claude D. Pepper Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeff D Williamson
- Wake Forest Claude D. Pepper Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony P Marsh
- Wake Forest Claude D. Pepper Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christina E Hugenschmidt
- Wake Forest Claude D. Pepper Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Laura D Baker
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul J Laurienti
- Wake Forest Claude D. Pepper Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Wake Forest Claude D. Pepper Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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Teasdale MD, Fiddyment S, Vnouček J, Mattiangeli V, Speller C, Binois A, Carver M, Dand C, Newfield TP, Webb CC, Bradley DG, Collins MJ. The York Gospels: a 1000-year biological palimpsest. R Soc Open Sci 2017. [PMID: 29134095 DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1p390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Medieval manuscripts, carefully curated and conserved, represent not only an irreplaceable documentary record but also a remarkable reservoir of biological information. Palaeographic and codicological investigation can often locate and date these documents with remarkable precision. The York Gospels (York Minster Ms. Add. 1) is one such codex, one of only a small collection of pre-conquest Gospel books to have survived the Reformation. By extending the non-invasive triboelectric (eraser-based) sampling technique eZooMS, to include the analysis of DNA, we report a cost-effective and simple-to-use biomolecular sampling technique for parchment. We apply this combined methodology to document for the first time a rich palimpsest of biological information contained within the York Gospels, which has accumulated over the 1000-year lifespan of this cherished object that remains an active participant in the life of York Minster. These biological data provide insights into the decisions made in the selection of materials, the construction of the codex and the use history of the object.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Teasdale
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - Jiří Vnouček
- BioArCh, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
- Department of Preservation, The Royal Library, København K DK-1016, Denmark
| | | | | | - Annelise Binois
- Department of Archaeology, University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, 3 rue Michelet, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Martin Carver
- Department of Archaeology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Catherine Dand
- Borthwick Institute for Archives, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Timothy P Newfield
- Departments of History and Biology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, ICC 600, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | | | - Daniel G Bradley
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Matthew J Collins
- BioArCh, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
- Museum of Natural History, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Teasdale MD, Fiddyment S, Vnouček J, Mattiangeli V, Speller C, Binois A, Carver M, Dand C, Newfield TP, Webb CC, Bradley DG, Collins MJ. The York Gospels: a 1000-year biological palimpsest. R Soc Open Sci 2017; 4:170988. [PMID: 29134095 PMCID: PMC5666278 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Medieval manuscripts, carefully curated and conserved, represent not only an irreplaceable documentary record but also a remarkable reservoir of biological information. Palaeographic and codicological investigation can often locate and date these documents with remarkable precision. The York Gospels (York Minster Ms. Add. 1) is one such codex, one of only a small collection of pre-conquest Gospel books to have survived the Reformation. By extending the non-invasive triboelectric (eraser-based) sampling technique eZooMS, to include the analysis of DNA, we report a cost-effective and simple-to-use biomolecular sampling technique for parchment. We apply this combined methodology to document for the first time a rich palimpsest of biological information contained within the York Gospels, which has accumulated over the 1000-year lifespan of this cherished object that remains an active participant in the life of York Minster. These biological data provide insights into the decisions made in the selection of materials, the construction of the codex and the use history of the object.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Teasdale
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Authors for correspondence: Matthew D. Teasdale e-mail: ;
| | - Sarah Fiddyment
- BioArCh, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
- Authors for correspondence: Sarah Fiddyment e-mail:
| | - Jiří Vnouček
- BioArCh, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
- Department of Preservation, The Royal Library, København K DK-1016, Denmark
| | | | | | - Annelise Binois
- Department of Archaeology, University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, 3 rue Michelet, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Martin Carver
- Department of Archaeology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Catherine Dand
- Borthwick Institute for Archives, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Timothy P. Newfield
- Departments of History and Biology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, ICC 600, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | | | - Daniel G. Bradley
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Matthew J. Collins
- BioArCh, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
- Museum of Natural History, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Authors for correspondence: Matthew J. Collins e-mail:
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Teasdale MD, van Doorn NL, Fiddyment S, Webb CC, O'Connor T, Hofreiter M, Collins MJ, Bradley DG. Paging through history: parchment as a reservoir of ancient DNA for next generation sequencing. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 370:20130379. [PMID: 25487331 PMCID: PMC4275887 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Parchment represents an invaluable cultural reservoir. Retrieving an additional layer of information from these abundant, dated livestock-skins via the use of ancient DNA (aDNA) sequencing has been mooted by a number of researchers. However, prior PCR-based work has indicated that this may be challenged by cross-individual and cross-species contamination, perhaps from the bulk parchment preparation process. Here we apply next generation sequencing to two parchments of seventeenth and eighteenth century northern English provenance. Following alignment to the published sheep, goat, cow and human genomes, it is clear that the only genome displaying substantial unique homology is sheep and this species identification is confirmed by collagen peptide mass spectrometry. Only 4% of sequence reads align preferentially to a different species indicating low contamination across species. Moreover, mitochondrial DNA sequences suggest an upper bound of contamination at 5%. Over 45% of reads aligned to the sheep genome, and even this limited sequencing exercise yield 9 and 7% of each sampled sheep genome post filtering, allowing the mapping of genetic affinity to modern British sheep breeds. We conclude that parchment represents an excellent substrate for genomic analyses of historical livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Teasdale
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - S Fiddyment
- BioArCh, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - C C Webb
- Borthwick Institute for Archives, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - T O'Connor
- BioArCh, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - M Hofreiter
- BioArCh, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - M J Collins
- BioArCh, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - D G Bradley
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Abstract
The ability of enteropathogens such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli to adapt and survive acid stress is fundamental to their pathogenesis. Once inside the host, these organisms encounter life-threatening levels of inorganic acid (H+) in the stomach and a combination of inorganic and organic acids (volatile fatty acids) in the small intestine. To combat these stresses, enteric bacteria have evolved elegant, overlapping strategies that involve both constitutive and inducible defense systems. This article reviews the recent progress made in understanding the pH 3 acid tolerance systems of Salmonella and the even more effective pH 2 acid resistance systems of E. coli. Focus is placed on how Salmonella orchestrates acid tolerance by modulating the activities or levels of diverse regulatory proteins in response to pH stress. The result is induction of overlapping arrays of acid shock proteins that protect the cell against acid and other environmental stresses. Most notable among these pH-response regulators are RpoS, Fur, PhoP and OmpR. In addition, we will review three dedicated acid resistance systems of E. coli, not present in Salmonella, that allow this organism to survive extreme (pH 2) acid challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Audia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile 36688, USA
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Abstract
An analysis of the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience database of the Food and Drug Administration was conducted to identify adverse event reports associated with pulmonary artery catheter use between 1993 and 1999. Of 714 adverse event reports, there were 48 deaths of which 42 (88%) were related to pulmonary artery rupture. A further analysis of risk factors was conducted and found "postmenopausal female" was a most significant finding. Further study is recommended to establish a causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Liu
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiologic Health, Office of Surveillance and Biometrics, 1350 Piccard Dr, HFZ 520, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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