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Clements W, Fitzgerald M, Chennapragada SM, Mathew J, Groombridge C, Ban EJ, Lukies MW. A systematic review assessing incorporation of prophylactic splenic artery embolisation (pSAE) into trauma guidelines for the management of high-grade splenic injury. CVIR Endovasc 2023; 6:62. [PMID: 38103054 PMCID: PMC10725392 DOI: 10.1186/s42155-023-00414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Splenic artery embolisation (SAE) has become a vital strategy in the modern landscape of multidisciplinary trauma care, improving splenic salvage rates in patients with high-grade injury. However, due to a lack of prospective data there remains contention amongst stakeholders as to whether SAE should be performed at the time of presentation (prophylactic or pSAE), or whether patients should be observed, and SAE only used only if a patient re-bleeds. This systematic review aimed to assess published practice management guidelines which recommend pSAE, stratified according to their quality. METHODS The study was registered and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Medline, PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched by the study authors. Identified guidelines were graded according to the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation II (AGREE-II) instrument. RESULTS Database and internet searches identified 1006 results. After applying exclusion criteria, 28 guidelines were included. The use of pSAE was recommended in 15 guidelines (54%). This included 6 out of 9 guidelines that were high quality (66.7%), 4 out of 9 guidelines that were moderate quality (44.4%), and 3 out of 10 (30%) guidelines that were low quality, p = 0.275. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review showed that recommendation of pSAE is more common in guidelines which are of high quality. However, there is vast heterogeneity of recommended practice guidelines, likely based on individual trauma systems rather than the available evidence. This reflects biases with interpretation of data and lack of multidisciplinary system inputs, including from interventional radiologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Clements
- Department of Radiology, Alfred Hospital, 55 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
- Department of Surgery, Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne, Australia.
- National Trauma Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Mark Fitzgerald
- Department of Surgery, Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne, Australia
- National Trauma Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Trauma, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S Murthy Chennapragada
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joseph Mathew
- Department of Surgery, Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne, Australia
- National Trauma Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Trauma, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher Groombridge
- Department of Surgery, Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne, Australia
- National Trauma Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Trauma, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ee Jun Ban
- National Trauma Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Acute General Surgical Unit, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew W Lukies
- Department of Radiology, Alfred Hospital, 55 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne, Australia
- National Trauma Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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2
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Fitzgerald MC, Noonan M, Lim E, Mathew JK, Boo E, Stergiou HE, Kim Y, Reilly S, Groombridge C, Maini A, Williams K, Mitra B. Multi-disciplinary, simulation-based, standardised trauma team training within the Victorian State Trauma System. Emerg Med Australas 2023; 35:62-68. [PMID: 36052421 PMCID: PMC10087482 DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.14068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inconsistency in the structure and function of team-based major trauma reception and resuscitation is common. A standardised trauma team training programme was initiated to improve quality and consistency among trauma teams across a large, mature trauma system. The aim of this manuscript is to outline the programme and report on the initial perception of participants. METHODS The Alfred Trauma Team Reception and Resuscitation Training (TTRRT) programme commenced in March 2019. Participants included critical care and surgical craft group members commonly involved in trauma teams. Training was site-specific and included rural, urban and tertiary referral centres. The programme consisted of prescribed pre-learning, didactic lectures, skill stations and simulated team-based scenarios. Participant perceptions of the programme were collected before and after the programme for analysis. RESULTS The TTRRT was delivered to 252 participants and 120 responses were received. Significant improvement in participant-reported confidence was identified across all key topic areas. There was also a significant increase in both confidence and clinical exposure to trauma team leadership roles after participation in the programme (from 53 [44.2%] to 74 [61.7%; P = 0.007]). This finding was independent of clinician experience. CONCLUSIONS A team-based trauma reception and resuscitation education programme, introduced in a large, mature trauma system led to positive participant-reported outcomes in clinical confidence and real-life team leadership participation. Wider implementation combined with longitudinal data collection will facilitate correlation with patient and staff-centred outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Fitzgerald
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Trauma Service, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Noonan
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Trauma Service, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Emergency and Trauma Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Lim
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joseph K Mathew
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Trauma Service, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Emergency and Trauma Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ellaine Boo
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen E Stergiou
- Trauma Service, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Emergency and Trauma Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yesul Kim
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie Reilly
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Trauma Service, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Groombridge
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Trauma Service, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Emergency and Trauma Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amit Maini
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Emergency and Trauma Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim Williams
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Trauma Service, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Biswadev Mitra
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Emergency and Trauma Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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3
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Schlegel RN, Fitzgerald M, O'Reilly G, Clements W, Goh GS, Groombridge C, Johnny C, Noonan M, Ban J, Mathew J. The injury patterns, management and outcomes of retroperitoneal haemorrhage caused by lumbar arterial bleeding at a Level-1 Trauma Centre: A 10-year retrospective review. Injury 2023; 54:145-149. [PMID: 35948513 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2022.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Haemorrhagic shock remains a leading preventable cause of death amongst trauma patients. Failure to identify retroperitoneal haemorrhage (RPH) can lead to irreversible haemorrhagic shock. The arteries of the middle retroperitoneal region (i.e., the 1st to 4th lumbar arteries) are complicit in haemorrhage into the retroperitoneal space. However, predictive injury patterns and subsequent management implications of haemorrhage secondary to bleeding of these arteries is lacking. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with retroperitoneal haemorrhage who presented to our Level-1 Trauma Centre (2009-2019). We described the associated injuries, management and outcomes relating to haemorrhage of lumbar arteries (L1-4) from this cohort to assess risk and management priorities in non-cavitary haemorrhage compared to RPH due to other causes. RESULTS Haemorrhage of the lumbar arteries (LA) is associated with a higher proportion of lumbar transverse process (TP) fractures. Bleeding from branches of these vessels is associated with lower systolic blood pressure, increased incidence of massive transfusion, higher shock index, and a higher Injury Severity Score (ISS). A higher proportion of patients in the LA group underwent angioembolisation when compared to other causes of RPH. CONCLUSION This study highlights the injury patterns, particularly TP fractures, in the prediction, early detection and management of haemorrhage from the lumbar arteries (L1-4). Compared to other causes of RPH, bleeding of the LA responds to early, aggressive haemorrhage control through angioembolisation. These injuries are likely best treated in Level-1 or Level-2 trauma facilities that are equipped with angioembolisation facilities or hybrid theatres to facilitate early identification and management of thoracolumbar bleeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Schlegel
- Trauma Service, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Emergency and Trauma Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - M Fitzgerald
- Trauma Service, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; National Trauma Research Institute (NTRI), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - G O'Reilly
- Trauma Service, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; National Trauma Research Institute (NTRI), Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Emergency and Trauma Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - W Clements
- National Trauma Research Institute (NTRI), Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Radiology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Surgery, Monash University Central Clinical School, Australia
| | - G S Goh
- National Trauma Research Institute (NTRI), Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Radiology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Surgery, Monash University Central Clinical School, Australia
| | - C Groombridge
- Trauma Service, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; National Trauma Research Institute (NTRI), Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Emergency and Trauma Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - C Johnny
- Trauma Service, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; National Trauma Research Institute (NTRI), Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Emergency and Trauma Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - M Noonan
- Trauma Service, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; National Trauma Research Institute (NTRI), Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Emergency and Trauma Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - J Ban
- Trauma Service, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - J Mathew
- Trauma Service, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; National Trauma Research Institute (NTRI), Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Emergency and Trauma Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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4
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Lipscombe C, Akhlaghi H, Groombridge C, Bernard S, Smith K, Olaussen A. Intubation Rates following Prehospital Administration of Ketamine for Acute Agitation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PREHOSP EMERG CARE 2022; 27:1016-1030. [PMID: 35913093 DOI: 10.1080/10903127.2022.2108178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ketamine is a fast-acting, dissociative anesthetic with a favorable adverse effect profile that is effective for managing acute agitation as a chemical restraint in the prehospital and emergency department (ED) settings. However, some previously published individual studies have reported high intubation rates when ketamine was administered prehospitally. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to determine the rate and settings in which intubation following prehospital administration of ketamine for agitation is occurring, as well as associated indications and adverse events. METHODS We searched PubMed, Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Plus, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, OpenGrey, Open Access Theses and Dissertation, and Google Scholar from the earliest possible date until 13/February/2022. Inclusion criteria required studies to describe agitated patients who received ketamine in the prehospital setting as a first-line drug to control acute agitation. Reference lists of appraised studies were screened for additional relevant articles. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. Synthesis of results was completed via meta-analysis, and the GRADE tool was used for certainty assessment. RESULTS The search yielded 1466 unique records and abstracts, of which 50 full texts were reviewed, resulting in 18 being included in the analysis. All studies were observational in nature and 15 were from USA. There were 3476 patients in total, and the overall rate of intubation was 16% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 8%-26%). Most intubations occurred in the ED. Within the studies, the prehospital intubation rate ranged from 0% to 7.9% and the ED intubation rate ranged from 0 to 60%. The overall pooled prehospital intubation rate was 1% (95% CI = 0%-2%). The overall pooled ED intubation rate was 19% (95% CI = 11%-30%). The most common indications for intubation were for airway protection and respiratory depression/failure. CONCLUSIONS There is wide variation in intubation rates between and within studies. The majority of intubations performed following prehospital administration of ketamine for agitation took place in the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Lipscombe
- Department of Paramedicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hamed Akhlaghi
- Emergency Department, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Christopher Groombridge
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Emergency & Trauma Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen Bernard
- Centre for Research and Evaluation, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Intensive Care Unit, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Smith
- Department of Paramedicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Research and Evaluation, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexander Olaussen
- Department of Paramedicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Research and Evaluation, Victoria, Australia
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Fitzgerald M, Tan T, Rosenfeld JV, Noonan M, Tee J, Ng E, Mathew J, Broderick S, Kim Y, Groombridge C, Udy A, Mitra B. An initial Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8 or less does not define severe brain injury. Emerg Med Australas 2022; 34:459-461. [PMID: 35220682 PMCID: PMC9303457 DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The wide‐spread use of an initial ‘Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 8 or less’ to define and dichotomise ‘severe’ from ‘mild’ or ‘moderate’ traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an out‐dated research heuristic that has become an epidemiological convenience transfixing clinical care. Triaging based on GCS can delay the care of patients who have rapidly evolving injuries. Sole reliance on the initial GCS can therefore provide a false sense of security to caregivers and fail to provide timely care for patients presenting with GCS greater than 8. Nearly 50 years after the development of the GCS – and the resultant misplaced clinical and statistical definitions – TBI remains a heterogeneous entity, in which ‘best practice’ and ‘prognoses’ are poorly stratified by GCS alone. There is an urgent need for a paradigm shift towards more effective initial assessment of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Fitzgerald
- National Trauma Research Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Trauma Service The Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Surgery, Alfred Hospital, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Terence Tan
- National Trauma Research Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Surgery, Alfred Hospital, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Jeffrey V Rosenfeld
- Department of Surgery, Alfred Hospital, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Neurosurgical Department The Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Michael Noonan
- National Trauma Research Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Trauma Service The Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Emergency and Trauma Centre The Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Jin Tee
- Trauma Service The Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Surgery, Alfred Hospital, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Neurosurgical Department The Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Evan Ng
- Trauma Service The Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Joseph Mathew
- National Trauma Research Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Trauma Service The Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Surgery, Alfred Hospital, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Emergency and Trauma Centre The Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Shane Broderick
- National Trauma Research Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Yesul Kim
- National Trauma Research Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Surgery, Alfred Hospital, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Christopher Groombridge
- National Trauma Research Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Trauma Service The Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Surgery, Alfred Hospital, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Emergency and Trauma Centre The Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Andrew Udy
- Department of Intensive Care and Hyperbaric Medicine The Alfred Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care – Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Biswadev Mitra
- National Trauma Research Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Trauma Service The Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Emergency and Trauma Centre The Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
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Groombridge C, Maini A, Mathew J, O'Keeffe F, Noonan M, Smit DV, Fitzgerald M, Hall A. Orbital decompression. Emerg Med Australas 2021; 33:552-554. [PMID: 33709505 DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A trauma patient with orbital compartment syndrome may lose vision within hours of the injury. This article describes an approach to decompressing the orbit which may be sight-saving.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit Maini
- National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joseph Mathew
- National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Francis O'Keeffe
- National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mike Noonan
- National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - De Villiers Smit
- National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Fitzgerald
- National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony Hall
- National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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7
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Roberts JD, Groombridge C, Fitzgerald M. Intrathoracic but extra-pleural chest tube placement; an unusual case of chest tube malposition in the trauma setting. Trauma Case Rep 2021; 32:100461. [PMID: 33816744 PMCID: PMC8005847 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcr.2021.100461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a 20-year-old male who was transferred to our Major Trauma Centre following a high-speed motor vehicle rollover. He arrived intubated with a right sided ICC in place. On arrival we elected to replace this ICC due to concerns regarding a superficial position, however 24 h after replacement, a large right sided pneumothorax developed. We suspect that both the pre-hospital ICC, as well as the ICC which we replaced it with, were unusually sited in the intrathoracic but extrapleural position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Roberts
- Emergency & Trauma Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher Groombridge
- Emergency & Trauma Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark Fitzgerald
- Emergency & Trauma Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
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8
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Vasudeva M, Mathew JK, Groombridge C, Tee JW, Johnny CS, Maini A, Fitzgerald MC. Hypocalcemia in trauma patients: A systematic review. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2021; 90:396-402. [PMID: 33196630 PMCID: PMC7850586 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000003027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During hemorrhagic shock and subsequent resuscitation, pathways reliant upon calcium such as platelet function, intrinsic and extrinsic hemostasis, and cardiac contractility are disrupted. The objective of this systematic review was to examine current literature for associations between pretransfusion, admission ionized hypocalcemia, and composite outcomes including mortality, blood transfusion requirements, and coagulopathy in adult trauma patients. METHODS This review was reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. We searched Ovid MEDLINE and grey literature from database inception till May 3, 2020. Case series and reports were excluded. Reference lists of appraised studies were also screened for articles that the aforementioned databases might not have captured. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess study quality. RESULTS A total of 585 abstracts were screened through database searching and alternative sources. Six unique full-text studies were reviewed, of which three were excluded. Admission ionized hypocalcemia was present in up to 56.2% of the population in studies included in this review. Admission ionized hypocalcemia was also associated with increased mortality in all three studies, with increased blood transfusion requirements in two studies, and with coagulopathy in one study. CONCLUSION Hypocalcemia is a common finding in shocked trauma patients. While an association between admission ionized hypocalcemia and mortality, blood transfusion requirements, and coagulopathy has been identified, further prospective trials are essential to corroborating this association. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Systematic review, level III.
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Kim Y, Groombridge C, Romero L, Clare S, Fitzgerald MC. Decision Support Capabilities of Telemedicine in Emergency Prehospital Care: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e18959. [PMID: 33289672 PMCID: PMC7755537 DOI: 10.2196/18959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Telemedicine offers a unique opportunity to improve coordination and administration for urgent patient care remotely. In an emergency setting, it has been used to support first responders by providing telephone or video consultation with specialists at hospitals and through the exchange of prehospital patient information. This technological solution is evolving rapidly, yet there is a concern that it is being implemented without a demonstrated clinical need and effectiveness as well as without a thorough economic evaluation. Objective Our objective is to systematically review whether the clinical outcomes achieved, as reported in the literature, favor telemedicine decision support for medical interventions during prehospital care. Methods This systematic review included peer-reviewed journal articles. Searches of 7 databases and relevant reviews were conducted. Eligibility criteria consisted of studies that covered telemedicine as data- and information-sharing and two-way teleconsultation platforms, with the objective of supporting medical decisions (eg, diagnosis, treatment, and receiving hospital decision) in a prehospital emergency setting. Simulation studies and studies that included pediatric populations were excluded. The procedures in this review followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. The Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies–of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool was used for the assessment of risk of bias. The results were synthesized based on predefined aspects of medical decisions that are made in a prehospital setting, which include diagnostic decision support, receiving facility decisions, and medical directions for treatment. All data extractions were done by at least two reviewers independently. Results Out of 42 full-text reviews, 7 were found eligible. Diagnostic support and medical direction and decision for treatments were often reported. A key finding of this review was the high agreement between prehospital diagnoses via telemedicine and final in-hospital diagnoses, as supported by quantitative evidence. However, a majority of the articles described the clinical value of having access to remote experts without robust quantitative data. Most telemedicine solutions were evaluated within a feasibility or short-term preliminary study. In general, the results were positive for telemedicine use; however, biases, due to preintervention confounding factors and a lack of documentation on quality assurance and protocol for telemedicine activation, make it difficult to determine the direct effect on patient outcomes. Conclusions The information-sharing capacity of telemedicine enables access to remote experts to support medical decision making on scene or in prolonged field care. The influence of human and technology factors on patient care is poorly understood and documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesul Kim
- National Trauma Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Trauma Services, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher Groombridge
- National Trauma Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Trauma Services, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lorena Romero
- The Ian Potter Library, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Steven Clare
- National Trauma Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Trauma Services, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark Christopher Fitzgerald
- National Trauma Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Trauma Services, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
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10
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Groombridge C, Maini A, O'Keeffe F, Noonan M, Smit DV, Mathew J, Fitzgerald M. Resuscitative thoracotomy. Emerg Med Australas 2020; 33:138-141. [PMID: 33205624 DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.13689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A trauma patient with cardiac tamponade may not survive transfer to the operating theatre for pericardial decompression. This article describes an approach to a resuscitative thoracotomy in the ED, which may be life-saving in these patients when a cardiothoracic surgeon is not immediately available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit Maini
- National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Francis O'Keeffe
- National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mike Noonan
- National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - De Villiers Smit
- National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joseph Mathew
- National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Fitzgerald
- National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Groombridge C, Maini A, Olaussen A, Kim Y, Fitzgerald M, Mitra B, Smit DV. Impact of a targeted bundle of audit with tailored education and an intubation checklist to improve airway management in the emergency department: an integrated time series analysis. Emerg Med J 2020; 37:576-580. [PMID: 32554746 DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2019-208935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endotracheal intubation (ETI) is a commonly performed but potentially high-risk procedure in the emergency department (ED). Requiring more than one attempt at intubation has been shown to increase adverse events and interventions improving first-attempt success rate should be identified to make ETI in the ED safer. We introduced and examined the effect of a targeted bundle of airway initiatives on first-attempt success and adverse events associated with ETI. METHODS This prospective, interventional cohort study was conducted over a 2-year period at an Australian Major Trauma Centre. An online airway registry was established at the inception of the study to collect information related to all intubations. After 6 months, we introduced a bundle of initiatives including monthly audit, monthly airway management education and an airway management checklist. A time series analysis model was used to compare standard practice (ie, first 6 months) to the postintervention period. RESULTS There were 526 patients, 369 in the intervention group and 157 in the preintervention comparator group. A total of 573 intubation attempts were performed. There was a significant improvement in first-attempt success rates between preintervention and postintervention groups (88.5% vs 94.6%, relative risk 1.07; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.14, p=0.014). After the introduction of the intervention the first-attempt success rate increased significantly, by 13.4% (p=0.006) in the first month, followed by a significant increase in the monthly trend (relative to the preintervention trend) of 1.71% (p<0.001). The rate of adverse events were similar preintervention and postintervention (hypoxia 8.3% vs 8.9% (p=0.81); hypotension 8.3% vs 7.0% (p=0.62); any complication 27.4% vs 23.6% (p=0.35)). CONCLUSIONS This bundle of airway management initiatives was associated with significant improvement in the first-attempt success rate of ETI. The introduction of a regular education programme based on the audit of a dedicated airway registry, combined with a periprocedure checklist is a worthwhile ED quality improvement initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Groombridge
- National Trauma Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia .,Emergency & Trauma Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Trauma Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amit Maini
- National Trauma Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Emergency & Trauma Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Yen Kim
- National Trauma Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Fitzgerald
- National Trauma Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Trauma Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Biswadev Mitra
- National Trauma Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Emergency & Trauma Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - De Villiers Smit
- National Trauma Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Emergency & Trauma Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Groombridge C, Maini A, Mathew J, O'Keeffe F, Noonan M, Smit DV, Fitzgerald M, Tee J. Decompressive craniotomy. Emerg Med Australas 2020; 32:663-666. [PMID: 32356330 DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.13520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An unconscious patient with an extra-dural haematoma may not survive transfer to a neurosurgical centre for definitive care. This article describes a simple approach to a decompressive craniotomy which may be life-saving in these patients when a neurosurgeon is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit Maini
- National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joseph Mathew
- National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Francis O'Keeffe
- National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mike Noonan
- National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - De Villiers Smit
- National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Fitzgerald
- National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jin Tee
- National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Groombridge C, Maini A, O'Keeffe F, Noonan M, Mathew J, Smit DV, Fitzgerald M. Large-calibre central access via the subclavian vein. Emerg Med Australas 2019; 32:148-150. [PMID: 31828972 DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.13434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit Maini
- National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Francis O'Keeffe
- National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mike Noonan
- National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joseph Mathew
- National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - De Villiers Smit
- National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Fitzgerald
- National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Groombridge C, Maini A, Noonan M, O'Keeffe F, Mathew J, Smit DV, Fitzgerald M, Yuen N. Resuscitative hysterotomy: Training for this rare life-saving intervention. Emerg Med Australas 2018; 30:851-853. [PMID: 29797418 DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit Maini
- National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mike Noonan
- National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Francis O'Keeffe
- National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joseph Mathew
- National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - De Villiers Smit
- National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Fitzgerald
- National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicola Yuen
- Women's Health, Bendigo Health, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
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Groombridge C, Chin CW, Hanrahan B, Holdgate A. Assessment of Common Preoxygenation Strategies Outside of the Operating Room Environment. Acad Emerg Med 2016; 23:342-6. [PMID: 26728311 DOI: 10.1111/acem.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Preoxygenation prior to intubation aims to increase the duration of safe apnea by causing denitrogenation of the functional residual capacity, replacing this volume with a reservoir of oxygen. In the operating room (OR) the criterion standard for preoxygenation is an anesthetic circuit and well-fitting face mask, which provide a high fractional inspired oxygen concentration (FiO2 ). Outside of the OR, various strategies exist to provide preoxygenation. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of commonly used preoxygenation strategies outside of the OR environment. METHODS This was a prospective randomized unblinded study of 30 healthy staff volunteers from a major trauma center emergency department (ED) in Sydney, Australia. The main outcome measure is fractional expired oxygen concentration (FeO2 ) measured after a 3-minute period of tidal volume breathing with seven different preoxygenation strategies. RESULTS The mean FeO2 achieved with the anesthetic circuit was 81.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 78.3% to 83.6%), bag-valve-mask (BVM) 80.1% (95% CI = 76.5% to 83.6%), BVM with nasal cannula (NC) 74.8% (95% CI = 72.0% to 77.6%), BVM with positive end-expiratory pressure valve (PEEP) 78.9% (95% CI = 75.4% to 82.3%), BVM + NC + PEEP 75.5% (95% CI = 72.2% to 78.9%), nonrebreather mask (NRM) 51.6% (95% CI = 48.8% to 54.4%), and NRM + NC 57.1% (95% CI = 52.9% to 61.2%). Preoxygenation efficacy with BVM strategies was significantly greater than NRM strategies (p < 0.01) and noninferior to the anesthetic circuit. CONCLUSIONS In healthy volunteers, the effectiveness of BVM preoxygenation was comparable to the anesthetic circuit (criterion standard) and superior to preoxygenation with NRM. The addition of NC oxygen, PEEP, or both did not improve the efficacy of the BVM device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Groombridge
- Emergency Department; Liverpool Hospital; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- CareFlight; Medical Retrieval Service; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Cheau Wern Chin
- Emergency Department; Liverpool Hospital; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Bernard Hanrahan
- Department of Anaesthesia; Liverpool Hospital; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- CareFlight; Medical Retrieval Service; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Anna Holdgate
- Emergency Department; Liverpool Hospital; Sydney New South Wales Australia
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Vilain RE, Dudding T, Braye SG, Groombridge C, Meldrum C, Spigelman AD, Ackland S, Ashman L, Scott RJ. Can a familial gastrointestinal tumour syndrome be allelic with Waardenburg syndrome? Clin Genet 2011; 79:554-60. [PMID: 20636395 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01489.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Familial gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are rare but otherwise well-characterized tumour syndromes, most commonly occurring on a background of germline-activating mutations in the tyrosine kinase receptor c-KIT. The associated clinical spectrum reflects the constitutive activation of this gene product across a number of cell lines, generating gain-of-function phenotypes in interstitial cells of Cajal (GIST and dysphagia), mast cells (mastocytosis) and melanocytes (hyperpigmentation). We report a three-generation kindred harbouring a c-KIT germline-activating mutation resulting in multifocal GISTs, dysphagia and a complex melanocyte hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation disorder, the latter with features typical of those observed in Waardenburg type 2 syndrome (WS2F). Sequencing of genes known to be causative for WS [microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF), Pax3, Sox10, SNAI2 ] failed to show any candidate mutations to explain this complex cutaneous depigmentation phenotype. Our case report conclusively expands the clinical spectrum of familial GISTs and shows a hitherto unrecognized link to WS. Possible mechanisms responsible for this novel cause of WS2F will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Vilain
- Hunter Area Pathology Service, Hunter New England Health Service, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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Talseth-Palmer B, Brenne I, Ashton K, Evans T, McPhillips M, Groombridge C, Kurzawski G, Spigelman A, Lubinski J, Scott R. 83 Colorectal cancer susceptibility loci on chr 8q23.3 and 11q23.1 as modifiers for disease expression in Lynch syndrome. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)70892-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Groombridge C, McGuinness J. Interesting case: foreign body in the nose: an orbital Silastic sheet had migrated into the nasal cavity. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005; 44:33. [PMID: 16188354 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2005.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Groombridge C, McGuinness J. Interesting case: Foreign body in the nose: an orbital silastic sheet had migrated into the nasal cavity. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005; 43:56. [PMID: 15696641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
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Spigelman A, Burgess B, Groombridge C, Scott RJ. Genetic testing: a round table conversation. Intern Med J 2004; 34:587-8; author reply 588-9. [PMID: 15482283 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2004.00679.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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