1
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Bourne CM, Taabazuing CY. Harnessing Pyroptosis for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cells 2024; 13:346. [PMID: 38391959 PMCID: PMC10886719 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a novel pillar of cancer treatment that harnesses the immune system to fight tumors and generally results in robust antitumor immunity. Although immunotherapy has achieved remarkable clinical success for some patients, many patients do not respond, underscoring the need to develop new strategies to promote antitumor immunity. Pyroptosis is an immunostimulatory type of regulated cell death that activates the innate immune system. A hallmark of pyroptosis is the release of intracellular contents such as cytokines, alarmins, and chemokines that can stimulate adaptive immune activation. Recent studies suggest that pyroptosis promotes antitumor immunity. Here, we review the mechanisms by which pyroptosis can be induced and highlight new strategies to induce pyroptosis in cancer cells for antitumor defense. We discuss how pyroptosis modulates the tumor microenvironment to stimulate adaptive immunity and promote antitumor immunity. We also suggest research areas to focus on for continued development of pyroptosis as an anticancer treatment. Pyroptosis-based anticancer therapies offer a promising new avenue for treating immunologically 'cold' tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cornelius Y. Taabazuing
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
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2
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Exconde PM, Hernandez-Chavez C, Bourne CM, Richards RM, Bray MB, Lopez JL, Srivastava T, Egan MS, Zhang J, Yoo W, Shin S, Discher BM, Taabazuing CY. The tetrapeptide sequence of IL-18 and IL-1β regulates their recruitment and activation by inflammatory caspases. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113581. [PMID: 38103201 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein signaling complexes that activate the innate immune system. Canonical inflammasomes recruit and activate caspase-1, which then cleaves and activates IL-1β and IL-18, as well as gasdermin D (GSDMD) to induce pyroptosis. In contrast, non-canonical inflammasomes, caspases-4/-5 (CASP4/5) in humans and caspase-11 (CASP11) in mice, are known to cleave GSDMD, but their role in direct processing of other substrates besides GSDMD has remained unknown. Here, we show that CASP4/5 but not CASP11 can directly cleave and activate IL-18. However, CASP4/5/11 can all cleave IL-1β to generate a 27-kDa fragment that deactivates IL-1β signaling. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the sequence identity of the tetrapeptide sequence adjacent to the caspase cleavage site regulates IL-18 and IL-1β recruitment and activation. Altogether, we have identified new substrates of the non-canonical inflammasomes and reveal key mechanistic details regulating inflammation that may aid in developing new therapeutics for immune-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Exconde
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claudia Hernandez-Chavez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher M Bourne
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel M Richards
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark B Bray
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jan L Lopez
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tamanna Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marisa S Egan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jenna Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sunny Shin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bohdana M Discher
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cornelius Y Taabazuing
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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3
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Bourne CM, Wallisch P, Dacek MM, Gardner TJ, Pierre S, Vogt K, Corless BC, Bah MA, Romero-Pichardo JE, Charles A, Kurtz KG, Tan DS, Scheinberg DA. Host Interactions with Engineered T-cell Micropharmacies. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:1253-1265. [PMID: 37379366 PMCID: PMC10472090 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Genetically engineered, cytotoxic, adoptively transferred T cells localize to antigen-positive cancer cells inside patients, but tumor heterogeneity and multiple immune escape mechanisms have prevented the eradication of most solid tumor types. More effective, multifunctional engineered T cells are in development to overcome the barriers to the treatment of solid tumors, but the interactions of these highly modified cells with the host are poorly understood. We previously engineered prodrug-activating enzymatic functions into chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, endowing them with a killing mechanism orthogonal to conventional T-cell cytotoxicity. These drug-delivering cells, termed Synthetic Enzyme-Armed KillER (SEAKER) cells, demonstrated efficacy in mouse lymphoma xenograft models. However, the interactions of an immunocompromised xenograft with such complex engineered T cells are distinct from those in an immunocompetent host, precluding an understanding of how these physiologic processes may affect the therapy. Herein, we expanded the repertoire of SEAKER cells to target solid-tumor melanomas in syngeneic mouse models using specific targeting with T-cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells. We demonstrate that SEAKER cells localized specifically to tumors, and activated bioactive prodrugs, despite host immune responses. We additionally show that TCR-engineered SEAKER cells were efficacious in immunocompetent hosts, demonstrating that the SEAKER platform is applicable to many adoptive cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Bourne
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Patrick Wallisch
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Megan M. Dacek
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Thomas J. Gardner
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Stephanie Pierre
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kristen Vogt
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Broderick C. Corless
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mamadou A. Bah
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jesus E. Romero-Pichardo
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Angel Charles
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Keifer G. Kurtz
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Derek S. Tan
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - David A. Scheinberg
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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4
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Bourne CM, Wallisch P, Dacek M, Gardner T, Pierre S, Vogt K, Corless BC, Bah MA, Romero Pichardo J, Charles A, Kurtz KG, Tan DS, Scheinberg DA. Host-cell Interactions of Engineered T cell Micropharmacies. bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.05.535717. [PMID: 37205431 PMCID: PMC10187158 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.05.535717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Genetically engineered, cytotoxic, adoptive T cells localize to antigen positive cancer cells inside patients, but tumor heterogeneity and multiple immune escape mechanisms have prevented the eradication of most solid tumor types. More effective, multifunctional engineered T cells are in development to overcome the barriers to the treatment of solid tumors, but the interactions of these highly modified cells with the host are poorly understood. We previously engineered prodrug-activating enzymatic functions into chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, endowing them with an orthogonal killing mechanism to conventional T-cell cytotoxicity. These drug-delivering cells, termed Synthetic Enzyme-Armed KillER (SEAKER) cells, demonstrated efficacy in mouse lymphoma xenograft models. However, the interactions of an immunocompromised xenograft with such complex engineered T cells are distinct from those in an immunocompetent host, precluding an understanding of how these physiologic processes may affect the therapy. Here, we also expand the repertoire of SEAKER cells to target solid-tumor melanomas in syngeneic mouse models using specific targeting with TCR-engineered T cells. We demonstrate that SEAKER cells localize specifically to tumors, and activate bioactive prodrugs, despite host immune responses. We additionally show that TCR-engineered SEAKER cells are efficacious in immunocompetent hosts, demonstrating that the SEAKER platform is applicable to many adoptive cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Bourne
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA 10065
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA 10065
| | - Patrick Wallisch
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA 10065
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA, 10021
| | - Megan Dacek
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA 10065
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA, 10021
| | - Thomas Gardner
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA 10065
| | - Stephanie Pierre
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA 10065
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kristen Vogt
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA 10065
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA, 10065
| | - Broderick C. Corless
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA 10065
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA, 10021
| | - Mamadou A. Bah
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA 10065
| | - Jesus Romero Pichardo
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA 10065
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Angel Charles
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA 10065
| | - Keifer G. Kurtz
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA 10065
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA, 10021
| | - Derek S. Tan
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA 10065
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA, 10065
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA, 10065
| | - David A. Scheinberg
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA 10065
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA, 10021
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA, 10065
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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5
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Dacek MM, Kurtz KG, Wallisch P, Pierre SA, Khayat S, Bourne CM, Gardner TJ, Vogt KC, Aquino N, Younes A, Scheinberg DA. Potentiating antibody-dependent killing of cancers with CAR T cells secreting CD47-SIRPα checkpoint blocker. Blood 2023; 141:2003-2015. [PMID: 36696633 PMCID: PMC10163312 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has shown success in the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies; however, relapse remains a significant issue. To overcome this, we engineered "Orexi" CAR T cells to locally secrete a high-affinity CD47 blocker, CV1, at the tumor and treated tumors in combination with an orthogonally targeted monoclonal antibody. Traditional CAR T cells plus the antibody had an additive effect in xenograft models, and this effect was potentiated by CAR T-cell local CV1 secretion. Furthermore, OrexiCAR-secreted CV1 reversed the immunosuppression of myelomonocytoid cells both in vitro and within the tumor microenvironment. Local secretion of the CD47 inhibitor bypasses the CD47 sink found on all cells in the body and may prevent systemic toxicities. This combination of CAR T-cell therapy, local CD47 blockade, and orthogonal antibody may be a combinatorial strategy to overcome the limitations of each monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M. Dacek
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Keifer G. Kurtz
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Patrick Wallisch
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Stephanie A. Pierre
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY
- Tri-institutunal MD-PhD Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Shireen Khayat
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY
| | - Christopher M. Bourne
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Thomas J. Gardner
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY
| | - Kristen C. Vogt
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Nica Aquino
- Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Anas Younes
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - David A. Scheinberg
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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6
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Bourne CM, Henderson HJ, White E, Morris J, Bah MA, Harewood R, Pierre S, Martins T, Ntereke T, White B, Bonner S. Black in Cancer: Two Years of Empowering the Next Generation. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:275-277. [PMID: 36744318 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-1408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the 2 years since the inception of Black in Cancer, we have modeled an action-oriented commitment to improving Black representation across all levels of the cancer spectrum. We reflect on our successes and consider new ways to innovate and inspire the cancer community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Bourne
- Black in Cancer Executive Team, Richmond, California
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Julia Morris
- Black in Cancer Executive Team, Richmond, California
| | - Mamadou A Bah
- Black in Cancer Executive Team, Richmond, California
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, New York, New York
| | - Rhea Harewood
- Black in Cancer Executive Team, Richmond, California
| | - Stephanie Pierre
- Black in Cancer Executive Team, Richmond, California
- Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, New York
| | - Tanimola Martins
- Black in Cancer Executive Team, Richmond, California
- College House St Luke's Campus, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Tumisang Ntereke
- Black in Cancer Executive Team, Richmond, California
- University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Briana White
- Black in Cancer Executive Team, Richmond, California
| | - Sigourney Bonner
- Black in Cancer Executive Team, Richmond, California
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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7
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Bourne CM, Lai DC, Schottenfeld-Roames J. Regulators of the secretory pathway have distinct inputs into single-celled branching morphogenesis and seamless tube formation in the Drosophila trachea. Dev Biol 2022; 490:100-109. [PMID: 35870495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Biological tubes serve as conduits through which gas, nutrients and other important fluids are delivered to tissues. Most biological tubes consist of multiple cells connected by epithelial junctions. Unlike these multicellular tubes, seamless tubes are unicellular and lack junctions. Seamless tubes are present in various organ systems, including the vertebrate vasculature, C.elegans excretory system, and Drosophila tracheal system. The Drosophila tracheal system is a network of air-filled tubes that delivers oxygen to all tissues. Specialized cells within the tracheal system, called terminal cells, branch extensively and form seamless tubes. Terminal tracheal tubes are polarized; the lumenal membrane has apical identity whereas the outer membrane exhibits basal characteristics. Although various aspects of membrane trafficking have been implicated in terminal cell morphogenesis, the precise secretory pathway requirements for basal and apical membrane growth have yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we demonstrate that anterograde trafficking, retrograde trafficking and Golgi-to-plasma membrane vesicle fusion are each required for the complex branched architecture of the terminal cell, but their inputs during seamless lumen formation are more varied. The COPII subunit, Sec31, and ER exit site protein, Sec16, are critical for subcellular tube architecture, whereas the SNARE proteins Syntaxin 5, Syntaxin 1 and Syntaxin 18 are more generally required for seamless tube growth and maintenance. These data suggest that distinct components of the secretory pathway have differential contributions to basal and apical membrane growth and maintenance during terminal cell morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Bourne
- Biology Department, Swarthmore College, 500 College Avenue, Swarthmore, PA, 19081, United States
| | - Daniel C Lai
- Biology Department, Swarthmore College, 500 College Avenue, Swarthmore, PA, 19081, United States
| | - Jodi Schottenfeld-Roames
- Biology Department, Swarthmore College, 500 College Avenue, Swarthmore, PA, 19081, United States.
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8
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Takata K, Chong LC, Ennishi D, Aoki T, Li MY, Thakur A, Healy S, Viganò E, Dao T, Kwon D, Duns G, Nielsen JS, Ben-Neriah S, Tse E, Hung SS, Boyle M, Mun SS, Bourne CM, Woolcock B, Telenius AH, Kishida M, Rai S, Zhang AW, Bashashati A, Saberi S, D' Antonio G, Nelson BH, Shah SP, Hoodless PA, Melnick AM, Gascoyne RD, Connors JM, Scheinberg DA, Béguelin W, Scott DW, Steidl C. Tumor associated antigen PRAME exhibits dualistic functions that are targetable in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:145343. [PMID: 35380993 PMCID: PMC9106353 DOI: 10.1172/jci145343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PRAME is a prominent member of the cancer testis antigen family of proteins, which triggers autologous T cell–mediated immune responses. Integrative genomic analysis in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) uncovered recurrent and highly focal deletions of 22q11.22, including the PRAME gene, which were associated with poor outcome. PRAME-deleted tumors showed cytotoxic T cell immune escape and were associated with cold tumor microenvironments. In addition, PRAME downmodulation was strongly associated with somatic EZH2 Y641 mutations in DLBCL. In turn, PRC2-regulated genes were repressed in isogenic PRAME-KO lymphoma cell lines, and PRAME was found to directly interact with EZH2 as a negative regulator. EZH2 inhibition with EPZ-6438 abrogated these extrinsic and intrinsic effects, leading to PRAME expression and microenvironment restoration in vivo. Our data highlight multiple functions of PRAME during lymphomagenesis and provide a preclinical rationale for synergistic therapies combining epigenetic reprogramming with PRAME-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren C Chong
- Lymphoid Cancer Research, BC Cancer Research, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Daisuke Ennishi
- Lymphoid Cancer Research, BC Cancer Research, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tomohiro Aoki
- Lymphoid Cancer Research, BC Cancer Research, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Michael Yu Li
- Lymphoid Cancer Research, BC Cancer Research, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Avinash Thakur
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Shannon Healy
- Lymphoid Cancer Research, BC Cancer Research, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Elena Viganò
- Lymphoid Cancer Research, BC Cancer Research, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tao Dao
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Daniel Kwon
- Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Gerben Duns
- Lymphoid Cancer Research, BC Cancer Research, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Julie S Nielsen
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer Research, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Ethan Tse
- Lymphoid Cancer Research, BC Cancer Research, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Stacy S Hung
- Lymphoid Cancer Research, BC Cancer Research, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Merrill Boyle
- Lymphoid Cancer Research, BC Cancer Research, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sung Soo Mun
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Christopher M Bourne
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Bruce Woolcock
- Lymphoid Cancer Research, BC Cancer Research, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Makoto Kishida
- Lymphoid Cancer Research, BC Cancer Research, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Shinya Rai
- Lymphoid Cancer Research, BC Cancer Research, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Allen W Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ali Bashashati
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Saeed Saberi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Gianluca D' Antonio
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer Research, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Brad H Nelson
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer Research, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sohrab P Shah
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Ari M Melnick
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
| | | | | | - David A Scheinberg
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Wendy Béguelin
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
| | - David W Scott
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Research, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Christian Steidl
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Research, Vancouver, Canada
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9
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Gardner TJ, Lee JP, Bourne CM, Wijewarnasuriya D, Kinarivala N, Kurtz KG, Corless BC, Dacek MM, Chang AY, Mo G, Nguyen KM, Brentjens RJ, Tan DS, Scheinberg DA. Engineering CAR-T cells to activate small-molecule drugs in situ. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:216-225. [PMID: 34969970 PMCID: PMC9152922 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00932-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells represent a major breakthrough in cancer therapy, wherein a patient's own T cells are engineered to recognize a tumor antigen, resulting in activation of a local cytotoxic immune response. However, CAR-T cell therapies are currently limited to the treatment of B cell cancers and their effectiveness is hindered by resistance from antigen-negative tumor cells, immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment, eventual exhaustion of T cell immunologic functions and frequent severe toxicities. To overcome these problems, we have developed a novel class of CAR-T cells engineered to express an enzyme that activates a systemically administered small-molecule prodrug in situ at a tumor site. We show that these synthetic enzyme-armed killer (SEAKER) cells exhibit enhanced anticancer activity with small-molecule prodrugs, both in vitro and in vivo in mouse tumor models. This modular platform enables combined targeting of cellular and small-molecule therapies to treat cancers and potentially a variety of other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Peter Lee
- Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute,,Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology
| | - Christopher M. Bourne
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute,,Immunology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, and
| | - Dinali Wijewarnasuriya
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Hospital,,BCMB Allied Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | | | - Keifer G. Kurtz
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute,,Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Broderick C. Corless
- Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute,,Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Megan M. Dacek
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute,,Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Aaron Y. Chang
- BCMB Allied Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - George Mo
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute
| | | | - Renier J. Brentjens
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Hospital,,Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Derek S. Tan
- Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute,,Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology,,Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences,,Tri-Institutional Research Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA, Corresponding authors. ,
| | - David A. Scheinberg
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute,,Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology,,Department of Medicine, Memorial Hospital,,Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences,, Corresponding authors. ,
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10
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Peraro L, Bourne CM, Dacek MM, Akalin E, Park JH, Smith EL, Scheinberg DA. Incorporation of bacterial immunoevasins to protect cell therapies from host antibody-mediated immune rejection. Mol Ther 2021; 29:3398-3409. [PMID: 34217891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular therapies are engineered using foreign and synthetic protein sequences, such as chimeric antigen receptors. The frequently observed humoral responses to CAR T cells result in rapid clearance, especially after re-infusions. There is an unmet need to protect engineered cells from host-versus-graft rejection, particularly for the advancement of allogeneic cell therapies. Here, utilizing the IgG protease "IdeS", we programmed CAR T cells to defeat humoral immune attacks. IdeS cleavage of host IgG averted Fc-dependent phagocytosis and lysis, and the residual F(ab')2 fragments remained on the surface, providing cells with an inert shield from additional IgG deposition. "Shield" CAR T cells efficiently cleaved cytotoxic IgG, including anti-CAR antibodies, detected in patient samples and provided effective anti-tumor activity in the presence of anti-cell IgG in vivo. This technology may be useful for repeated human infusions of engineered cells, more complex engineered cells, and expanding widespread use of "off-the-shelf" allogeneic cellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Peraro
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Christopher M Bourne
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Megan M Dacek
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Enver Akalin
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467
| | - Jae H Park
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Eric L Smith
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - David A Scheinberg
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065.
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11
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Charles A, Bourne CM, Korontsvit T, Aretz ZEH, Mun SS, Dao T, Klatt MG, Scheinberg DA. Low-dose CDK4/6 inhibitors induce presentation of pathway specific MHC ligands as potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1916243. [PMID: 34104540 PMCID: PMC8158036 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1916243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) lead to cell-cycle arrest but also trigger T cell-mediated immunity, which might be mediated by changes in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) ligands. We investigated the effects of CDK4/6i, abemaciclib and palbociclib, on the immunopeptidome at nontoxic levels in breast cancer cell lines by biochemical identification of HLA ligands followed by network analyses. This treatment led to upregulation of HLA and revealed hundreds of induced HLA ligands in breast cancer cell lines. These new ligands were significantly enriched for peptides derived from proteins involved in the “G1/S phase transition of cell cycle” including HLA ligands from CDK4/6, Cyclin D1 and the 26S regulatory proteasomal subunit 4 (PSMC1). Interestingly, peptides from proteins targeted by abemaciclib and palbociclib, were predicted to be the most likely to induce a T cell response. In strong contrast, peptides induced by solely one of the drugs had a lower T cell recognition score compared to the DMSO control suggesting that the observed effect is class dependent. This general hypothesis was exemplified by a peptide from PSMC1 which was among the HLA ligands with highest prediction scores and which elicited a T cell response in healthy donors. Overall, these data demonstrate that CDK4/6i treatment gives rise to drug-induced HLA ligands from G1/S phase transition, that have the highest chance for being recognized by T cells, thus providing evidence that inhibition of a distinct cellular process leads to increased presentation of the involved proteins that may be targeted by immunotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Charles
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, USA
| | - Christopher M Bourne
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Tanya Korontsvit
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, USA
| | - Zita E H Aretz
- Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Sung Soo Mun
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, USA
| | - Tao Dao
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, USA
| | - Martin G Klatt
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, USA
| | - David A Scheinberg
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, USA.,Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
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12
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Gardner TJ, Bourne CM, Dacek MM, Kurtz K, Malviya M, Peraro L, Silberman PC, Vogt KC, Unti MJ, Brentjens R, Scheinberg D. Targeted Cellular Micropharmacies: Cells Engineered for Localized Drug Delivery. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2175. [PMID: 32764348 PMCID: PMC7465970 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent emergence of engineered cellular therapies, such as Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) CAR T and T cell receptor (TCR) engineered T cells, has shown great promise in the treatment of various cancers. These agents aggregate and expand exponentially at the tumor site, resulting in potent immune activation and tumor clearance. Moreover, the ability to elaborate these cells with therapeutic agents, such as antibodies, enzymes, and immunostimulatory molecules, presents an unprecedented opportunity to specifically modulate the tumor microenvironment through cell-mediated drug delivery. This unique pharmacology, combined with significant advances in synthetic biology and cell engineering, has established a new paradigm for cells as vectors for drug delivery. Targeted cellular micropharmacies (TCMs) are a revolutionary new class of living drugs, which we envision will play an important role in cancer medicine and beyond. Here, we review important advances and considerations underway in developing this promising advancement in biological therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Gardner
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA; (T.J.G.); (C.M.B.); (M.M.D.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (L.P.); (P.C.S.); (K.C.V.)
| | - Christopher M. Bourne
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA; (T.J.G.); (C.M.B.); (M.M.D.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (L.P.); (P.C.S.); (K.C.V.)
- Immunology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Megan M. Dacek
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA; (T.J.G.); (C.M.B.); (M.M.D.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (L.P.); (P.C.S.); (K.C.V.)
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Keifer Kurtz
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA; (T.J.G.); (C.M.B.); (M.M.D.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (L.P.); (P.C.S.); (K.C.V.)
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Manish Malviya
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA; (T.J.G.); (C.M.B.); (M.M.D.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (L.P.); (P.C.S.); (K.C.V.)
| | - Leila Peraro
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA; (T.J.G.); (C.M.B.); (M.M.D.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (L.P.); (P.C.S.); (K.C.V.)
| | - Pedro C. Silberman
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA; (T.J.G.); (C.M.B.); (M.M.D.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (L.P.); (P.C.S.); (K.C.V.)
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Kristen C. Vogt
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA; (T.J.G.); (C.M.B.); (M.M.D.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (L.P.); (P.C.S.); (K.C.V.)
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mildred J. Unti
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Renier Brentjens
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - David Scheinberg
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA; (T.J.G.); (C.M.B.); (M.M.D.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (L.P.); (P.C.S.); (K.C.V.)
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA;
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13
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Abstract
Large bound polysomes were observed by conventional electron microscopy in surface or en face views of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in two cultured cell types. Cultured thyroid follicular epithelial cells and dermal fibroblasts, both from rats, were prepared for electron microscopy. Ultrathin sections were cut in the plane of the flattened cells to maximize the incidence of RER surface views. Some observations were also made on tissue sections of rat thyroid. Most of the large, RER-bound polysomes in both cell types appeared as two parallel rows of ribosome, thus resembling the shape of long hairpins, although probably closed at both ends. The two parallel rows of ribosomes were about 14 nm apart, and the center-to-center distance between ribosomes in the strands averaged 25 nm. Most of the large bound polysomes in thyroid epithelial cells were presumably making thyroglobulin subunits (330 kDa), while a majority of those in the fibroblasts were probably making prepro-alpha chains of collagen I (150 kDa). It was not possible in this material to see complete large polysomes, because their size usually caused them to extend out of the plane of section. In addition to the hairpin polysomes, there were smaller numbers of other forms. A characteristic large spiral polysome was seen occasionally in both cell types and contained as many as 31 ribosomes. One or two dense particles were sometimes seen in the center of spiral or circular polysomes. The consistent hairpin shape of most large bound polysomes observed in this study suggests that their shape is quite stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Christensen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109-0616, USA.
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14
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Christensen AK, Kahn LE, Bourne CM. Circular polysomes predominate on the rough endoplasmic reticulum of somatotropes and mammotropes in the rat anterior pituitary. Am J Anat 1987; 178:1-10. [PMID: 3825959 DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001780102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the shape and size distribution of membrane-bound polysomes in somatotropes and mammotropes, which are the sources, respectively, of growth hormone and of prolactin in the rat pituitary. The observations were made in conventional electron micrographs of these cells in situ, where occasional surface or en face views of the rough endoplasmic reticulum allow the polysomes to be seen as rows of ribosomes arranged in distinctive patterns on the membranes. It is possible by this means to characterize the shape and number of ribosomes for the total population of bound polysomes in the respective cell types. The great majority of membrane-bound polysomes in these two cell types (81% in somatotropes, 78% in mammotropes) have an approximately circular shape and contain an average of 6.8 (somatotropes) or 6.5 (mammotropes) ribosomes, which is an appropriate size for translation of the polypeptide hormones produced by these cells. About 17% of the membrane-bound polysomes in somatotropes and 20% in mammotropes have a spiral shape, resembling somewhat the letter "G," and contain about eight to nine ribosomes in both cell types. The preponderance of circular polysomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum of somatotropes and mammotropes suggests the possibility that ribosomes (or the 40S ribosomal subunit) may recycle on the polysome after the translation of growth hormone or of prolactin.
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