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Beech JL, Maurya AK, Rodrigues da Silva R, Akpoto E, Asundi A, Fecko JA, Yennawar NH, Sarangi R, Tassone C, Weiss TM, DuBois JL. Understanding the stability of a plastic-degrading Rieske iron oxidoreductase system. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4997. [PMID: 38723110 PMCID: PMC11081424 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Rieske oxygenases (ROs) are a diverse metalloenzyme class with growing potential in bioconversion and synthetic applications. We postulated that ROs are nonetheless underutilized because they are unstable. Terephthalate dioxygenase (TPADO PDB ID 7Q05) is a structurally characterized heterohexameric α3β3 RO that, with its cognate reductase (TPARED), catalyzes the first intracellular step of bacterial polyethylene terephthalate plastic bioconversion. Here, we showed that the heterologously expressed TPADO/TPARED system exhibits only ~300 total turnovers at its optimal pH and temperature. We investigated the thermal stability of the system and the unfolding pathway of TPADO through a combination of biochemical and biophysical approaches. The system's activity is thermally limited by a melting temperature (Tm) of 39.9°C for the monomeric TPARED, while the independent Tm of TPADO is 50.8°C. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed a two-step thermal decomposition pathway for TPADO with Tm values of 47.6 and 58.0°C (ΔH = 210 and 509 kcal mol-1, respectively) for each step. Temperature-dependent small-angle x-ray scattering and dynamic light scattering both detected heat-induced dissociation of TPADO subunits at 53.8°C, followed by higher-temperature loss of tertiary structure that coincided with protein aggregation. The computed enthalpies of dissociation for the monomer interfaces were most congruent with a decomposition pathway initiated by β-β interface dissociation, a pattern predicted to be widespread in ROs. As a strategy for enhancing TPADO stability, we propose prioritizing the re-engineering of the β subunit interfaces, with subsequent targeted improvements of the subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lusty Beech
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryMontana State UniversityBozemanMontanaUSA
| | - Anjani K. Maurya
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation LightsourceSLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryMenlo ParkCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Emmanuel Akpoto
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryMontana State UniversityBozemanMontanaUSA
| | - Arun Asundi
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation LightsourceSLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryMenlo ParkCaliforniaUSA
| | - Julia Ann Fecko
- The Huck Institutes of the Life SciencesThe Pennsylvania State University, University ParkState CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Neela H. Yennawar
- The Huck Institutes of the Life SciencesThe Pennsylvania State University, University ParkState CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ritimukta Sarangi
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation LightsourceSLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryMenlo ParkCaliforniaUSA
| | - Christopher Tassone
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation LightsourceSLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryMenlo ParkCaliforniaUSA
| | - Thomas M. Weiss
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation LightsourceSLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryMenlo ParkCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jennifer L. DuBois
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryMontana State UniversityBozemanMontanaUSA
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2
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Silva H, Tassone C, Ross EG, Lee JT, Zhou W, Nelson D. Collagen Fibril Orientation in Tissue Specimens From Atherosclerotic Plaque Explored Using Small Angle X-Ray Scattering. J Biomech Eng 2022; 144:024505. [PMID: 34529040 PMCID: PMC10782870 DOI: 10.1115/1.4052432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaques can gradually develop in certain arteries. Disruption of fibrous tissue in plaques can result in plaque rupture and thromboembolism, leading to heart attacks and strokes. Collagen fibrils are important tissue building blocks and tissue strength depends on how fibrils are oriented. Fibril orientation in plaque tissue may potentially influence vulnerability to disruption. While X-ray scattering has previously been used to characterize fibril orientations in soft tissues and bones, it has never been used for characterization of human atherosclerotic plaque tissue. This study served to explore fibril orientation in specimens from human plaques using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Plaque tissue was extracted from human femoral and carotid arteries, and each tissue specimen contained a region of calcified material. Three-dimensional (3D) collagen fibril orientation was determined along scan lines that started away from and then extended toward a given calcification. Fibrils were found to be oriented mainly in the circumferential direction of the plaque tissue at the majority of locations away from calcifications. However, in a number of cases, the dominant fibril direction differed near a calcification, changing from circumferential to longitudinal or thickness (radial) directions. Further study is needed to elucidate how these fibril orientations may influence plaque tissue stress-strain behavior and vulnerability to rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Silva
- NASA, 2101 NASA Parkway Building 13 R 208, Houston, TX 77058
| | - Christopher Tassone
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025
| | - Elsie Gyang Ross
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Jason T. Lee
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Wei Zhou
- Vascular Surgery Division, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Drew Nelson
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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3
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Luaks K, Tassone C, Liu XC, Thometz J, Escott B, Tarima S. Boston vs. Providence brace in treatment of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. Stud Health Technol Inform 2021; 280:179-183. [PMID: 34190083 DOI: 10.3233/shti210462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a complex condition characterized by a lateral curvature and axial rotational deformity of the spine. Though bracing is effective, a need remains to identify the effect brace type has on spine curvature. To examine differences in patient demographics between the Boston and Providence brace, determine the corrective change in Cobb angle and RVAD and investigate the effect of brace type on curvature over time. A retrospective chart review was conducted of 105 patients diagnosed with AIS from 2013-2016 at CHW. Five spinal parameters were measured: Cobb angle, Risser, RVAD, kyphosis and lordosis. Data was collected before bracing, in-brace and at 24 months. A final treatment outcome of either Cobb angle correction (reduction >5°), stabilization (change ±5°) or progression (deterioration >5°) was then evaluated. Providence brace provided significantly greater in-brace thoracolumbar Cobb angle and RVAD reduction in comparison to the Boston brace (Cobb angle -21.9° vs. -12.5°; RVAD: -1.8° vs. 1.62°). Similarly, Providence users had a significantly smaller increase in Cobb angle and RVAD over time (Cobb angle: thoracic 14.2° vs. 15.0°; thoracolumbar 23.6° vs. 26.0°; RVAD: 5.2° vs. 8.5°). Ultimately, no significant difference in final treatment outcome was established between brace groups. Although the Providence brace provides less of an increase in thoracic and thoracolumbar curvatures over time, both braces are an effective treatment and achieve comparable outcomes. Selection of braces may vary with primary curve angle, curve location, patient compliance and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Luaks
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - C Tassone
- Dept. of Orthopedic Surgery, Children's Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - X C Liu
- Dept. of Orthopedic Surgery, Children's Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - J Thometz
- Dept. of Orthopedic Surgery, Children's Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - B Escott
- Dept. of Orthopedic Surgery, Children's Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - S Tarima
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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4
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Horng J, Liu XC, Thometz J, Tassone C. Effect of adjunct thoracoplasty on Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis patients' 3D back contour. Stud Health Technol Inform 2021; 280:81-85. [PMID: 34190065 DOI: 10.3233/shti210440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of a thoracoplasty procedure in addition to a posterior spinal fusion and instrumentation on an Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) patient's 3D back contour as measured by surface topography. We performed a retrospective review to identify patients who were treated with posterior spinal fusion with spinal instrumentation and those who were treated with an additional thoracoplasty procedure. We analyzed changes in surface topography measurements between these two groups using t-test and ANCOVA statistical analyses. Although there were no statistically significant differences in 11 of 12 variables, thoracoplasty-posterior spinal fusion (n=10) group had a mean 6.6 unit reduction in trunk asymmetry while the posterior spinal fusion group (n=26) had a mean 22.8 unit reduction in trunk asymmetry (p-value<0.05). The posterior spinal fusion group and thoracoplasty-posterior spinal fusion group were not shown to have clinically significant differences in 3D back contour correction. An additional thoracoplasty procedure does not provide better correction in the transverse plane and in fact had a smaller degree of trunk asymmetry correction. This supports the current trends of decreasing use of thoracoplasty in AIS patients to address severe rib hump deformities given concerns for decreased post-operative lung function and alternative methods of vertebral body derotation, such as thoracic pedicle screws.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Horng
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - X C Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - J Thometz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - C Tassone
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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5
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Selthafner M, Liu XC, Ellis F, Tassone C, Thometz J, Escott B. Effect of PSSE on postural sway in AIS using center of pressure. Stud Health Technol Inform 2021; 280:121-125. [PMID: 34190072 DOI: 10.3233/shti210449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We haven't known whether the center of pressure (COP) could be considered as a better indicator in the evaluation of posture and balance change after the physiotherapeutic scoliosis specific exercise (PSSE) during level walking. The objective of this study was: 1) to determine changes in COP displacement in anterior-posterior (COP-AP) and medial-lateral (COP-ML) for AIS following the PSSE; 2) to find out COP oscillation(COP-OS) from the midline for the left and right foot; 3) to investigate max pressure at the forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot bilaterally. AIS patients with three reflective markers on their back walked on the pressure sensors embedded treadmill at 2 km/h and their trunks were also registered by DIERS Formetric 4D system. Each child received the PSSE for 12 weeks by the same physical therapist and had a dynamic pressure analysis before and after the PSSE. Six AIS children at a mean age of 13 years and with averaged major Cobb angle of 26° were enrolled. There was an increase in COP-AP (15%) and a decrease in the COP-ML (-25%) following the PSSE. COP-OS on the left foot shifted farther away from the midline (about 16%) as the right side moved closer (-1%), which becomes more symmetrical (Pre-PSSE: 0.86mm & Post-PSSE: 0.32mm). There were increased pressures on the left (35%) and right (26%) hallux after PSSE. Pressure metrics, especially including COP-ML, COP-AP, COP-OS, and peak pressures on the forefoot, may be opted as optimal predictors to posture improvements by the means of PSSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Selthafner
- Department of Sports Physical Therapy,Medical College, of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - X C Liu
- Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment Center, Children's Wisconsin, Medical College, of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College, of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - F Ellis
- Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment Center, Children's Wisconsin, Medical College, of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College, of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - C Tassone
- Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment Center, Children's Wisconsin, Medical College, of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College, of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - J Thometz
- Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment Center, Children's Wisconsin, Medical College, of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College, of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - B Escott
- Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment Center, Children's Wisconsin, Medical College, of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College, of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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6
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Jurow MJ, Morgenstern T, Eisler C, Kang J, Penzo E, Do M, Engelmayer M, Osowiecki WT, Bekenstein Y, Tassone C, Wang LW, Alivisatos AP, Brütting W, Liu Y. Manipulating the Transition Dipole Moment of CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Nanocrystals for Superior Optical Properties. Nano Lett 2019; 19:2489-2496. [PMID: 30848600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals exhibit unique photophysical properties including high quantum yields, tunable emission colors, and narrow photoluminescence spectra that have marked them as promising light emitters for applications in diverse photonic devices. Randomly oriented transition dipole moments have limited the light outcoupling efficiency of all isotropic light sources, including perovskites. In this report we design and synthesize deep blue emitting, quantum confined, perovskite nanoplates and analyze their optical properties by combining angular emission measurements with back focal plane imaging and correlating the results with physical characterization. By reducing the dimensions of the nanocrystals and depositing them face down onto a substrate by spin coating, we orient the average transition dipole moment of films into the plane of the substrate and improve the emission properties for light emitting applications. We then exploit the sensitivity of the perovskite electronic transitions to the dielectric environment at the interface between the crystal and their surroundings to reduce the angle between the average transition dipole moment and the surface to only 14° and maximize potential light emission efficiency. This tunability of the electronic transition that governs light emission in perovskites is unique and, coupled with their excellent photophysical properties, introduces a valuable method to extend the efficiencies and applications of perovskite based photonic devices beyond those based on current materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Jurow
- Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Thomas Morgenstern
- Institute of Physics , University of Augsburg , 86135 Augsburg , Germany
| | - Carissa Eisler
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Jun Kang
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Erika Penzo
- Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Mai Do
- Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Manuel Engelmayer
- Institute of Physics , University of Augsburg , 86135 Augsburg , Germany
| | - Wojciech T Osowiecki
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Yehonadav Bekenstein
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Christopher Tassone
- SSRL Materials Science Division , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Rd MS 69 , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Lin-Wang Wang
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - A Paul Alivisatos
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Wolfgang Brütting
- Institute of Physics , University of Augsburg , 86135 Augsburg , Germany
| | - Yi Liu
- Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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7
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Rivnay J, Inal S, Collins BA, Sessolo M, Stavrinidou E, Strakosas X, Tassone C, Delongchamp DM, Malliaras GG. Structural control of mixed ionic and electronic transport in conducting polymers. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11287. [PMID: 27090156 PMCID: PMC4838877 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrenesulfonate), PEDOT:PSS, has been utilized for over two decades as a stable, solution-processable hole conductor. While its hole transport properties have been the subject of intense investigation, recent work has turned to PEDOT:PSS as a mixed ionic/electronic conductor in applications including bioelectronics, energy storage and management, and soft robotics. Conducting polymers can efficiently transport both holes and ions when sufficiently hydrated, however, little is known about the role of morphology on mixed conduction. Here, we show that bulk ionic and electronic mobilities are simultaneously affected by processing-induced changes in nano- and meso-scale structure in PEDOT:PSS films. We quantify domain composition, and find that domain purification on addition of dispersion co-solvents limits ion mobility, even while electronic conductivity improves. We show that an optimal morphology allows for the balanced ionic and electronic transport that is critical for prototypical mixed conductor devices. These findings may pave the way for the rational design of polymeric materials and processing routes to enhance devices reliant on mixed conduction. Conducting polymers are promising materials for applications including bioelectronics and soft robotics, but little is known about how morphology affects mixed conduction. Here, the authors show how bulk ionic/electronic transport is affected by changes in nano- and meso-scale structure in PEDOT:PSS films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, Gardanne 13541, France
| | - Sahika Inal
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, Gardanne 13541, France
| | - Brian A Collins
- Material Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Michele Sessolo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | - Eleni Stavrinidou
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, Gardanne 13541, France
| | - Xenofon Strakosas
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, Gardanne 13541, France
| | - Christopher Tassone
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Dean M Delongchamp
- Material Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - George G Malliaras
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, Gardanne 13541, France
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8
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Reinspach JA, Diao Y, Giri G, Sachse T, England K, Zhou Y, Tassone C, Worfolk BJ, Presselt M, Toney MF, Mannsfeld S, Bao Z. Tuning the Morphology of Solution-Sheared P3HT:PCBM Films. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:1742-1751. [PMID: 26771274 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells are a promising alternative for future clean-energy applications. However, to become attractive for consumer applications, such as wearable, flexible, or semitransparent power-generating electronics, they need to be manufactured by high-throughput, low-cost, large-area-capable printing techniques. However, most research reported on BHJ solar cells is conducted using spin coating, a single batch fabrication method, thus limiting the reported results to the research lab. In this work, we investigate the morphology of solution-sheared films for BHJ solar cell applications, using the widely studied model blend P3HT:PCBM. Solution shearing is a coating technique that is upscalable to industrial manufacturing processes and has demonstrated to yield record performance organic field-effect transistors. Using grazing incident small-angle X-ray scattering, grazing incident wide-angle X-ray scattering, and UV-vis spectroscopy, we investigate the influence of solvent, film drying time, and substrate temperature on P3HT aggregation, conjugation length, crystallite orientation, and PCBM domain size. One important finding of this study is that, in contrast to spin-coated films, the P3HT molecular orientation can be controlled by the substrate chemistry, with PEDOT PSS substrates yielding face-on orientation at the substrate-film interface, an orientation highly favorable for organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Reinspach
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Ying Diao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Gaurav Giri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Torsten Sachse
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena , D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Kemar England
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Christopher Tassone
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Brian J Worfolk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Martin Presselt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena , D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael F Toney
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Stefan Mannsfeld
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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9
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Viart HMF, Larsen TS, Tassone C, Andresen TL, Clausen MH. Propargylamine-isothiocyanate reaction: efficient conjugation chemistry in aqueous media. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:7800-2. [PMID: 24903342 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc00863d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A coupling reaction between secondary propargyl amines and isothiocyanates in aqueous media is described. The reaction is high-yielding and affords cyclized products within 2-24 h. A functionalized ether lipid was synthesized in 8 steps, formulated as liposomes with POPC and conjugated to FITC under mild conditions using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M-F Viart
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Building 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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10
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El Labban A, Warnan J, Cabanetos C, Ratel O, Tassone C, Toney MF, Beaujuge PM. Dependence of crystallite formation and preferential backbone orientations on the side chain pattern in PBDTTPD polymers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:19477-19481. [PMID: 25347287 DOI: 10.1021/am505280a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl substituents appended to the π-conjugated main chain account for the solution-processability and film-forming properties of most π-conjugated polymers for organic electronic device applications, including field-effect transistors (FETs) and bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. Beyond film-forming properties, recent work has emphasized the determining role that side-chain substituents play on polymer self-assembly and thin-film nanostructural order, and, in turn, on device performance. However, the factors that determine polymer crystallite orientation in thin-films, implying preferential backbone orientation relative to the device substrate, are a matter of some debate, and these structural changes remain difficult to anticipate. In this report, we show how systematic changes in the side-chain pattern of poly(benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-alt-thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione) (PBDTTPD) polymers can (i) influence the propensity of the polymer to order in the π-stacking direction, and (ii) direct the preferential orientation of the polymer crystallites in thin films (e.g., "face-on" vs "edge-on"). Oriented crystallites, specifically crystallites that are well-ordered in the π-stacking direction, are believed to be a key contributor to improved thin-film device performance in both FETs and BHJ solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman El Labban
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Warnan J, Cabanetos C, El Labban A, Hansen MR, Tassone C, Toney MF, Beaujuge PM. Ordering effects in benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difuran-thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione polymers with >7% solar cell efficiency. Adv Mater 2014; 26:4357-4362. [PMID: 24829168 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201305344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Warnan
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Marquez-Barrientos C, Liu XC, Lyon R, Tassone C, Thometz J, Tarima S. Correlation between anatomic foot and ankle movement measured with MRI and with a motion analysis system. Gait Posture 2012; 36:389-93. [PMID: 22542241 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have attempted to measure how well external markers track internal bone movement using pins drilled into the foot, but this is too invasive for the pediatric population. This study investigated how well a six segment foot model (6SFM) using external markers was able to measure bone movement in the foot compared to MRI measurements. The foot was moved into different positions using a plastic foot jig and measurements were taken with both systems. The aims were to: (1) Look at the correlation between movement tracked with an Electronic Motion Tracking System (EMTS) and by measurements derived from MRI images, specifically the principal intercept angles (PIAs) which are the angles of intersection between principal axes of inertia of bone volumes. (2) To see how well external motion measured by the 6SFM could predict PIAs. Four bone pairs had their movement tracked: Tibia-Calcaneus, Calcaneus-Cuboid, Navicular-1st Metatarsal, and 1st Metatarsal-Hallux. The results showed moderate correlation between measured PIAs and those predicted at the Tibia-Calcaneus, Navicular-1st Metatarsal, and 1st Metatarsal-Hallux joints. Moderate to high correlation was found between the PIA and movement in a single anatomic plane for all four joints at several positions. The 6SFM using the EMTS allows reliable tracking of 3D rotations in the pediatric foot, except at the Calcaneus-Cuboid joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Marquez-Barrientos
- Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, The Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment Center, United States
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13
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Lim CH, Tassone C, Liu XC, Thometz JG, Lyon R. Correlation of idiopathic scoliosis assessments between newly developed Milwaukee Topographic Scanner and Quantec. Stud Health Technol Inform 2012; 176:255-258. [PMID: 22744503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Milwaukee Topographic Scanner (MTS) is a newly developed system, which utilizes laser technology to obtain three-dimensional topographic evaluation of the spine. The goal of this study was to determine the correlation of topographic measurements between MTS and Quantec Spinal Imaging System. Twelve parameters generated by the MTS and Quantec Spinal Imaging System was compared to each other using the Pearson Coefficient. Twenty patients between the ages 16-18 with scoliosis were evaluated with the MTS and Quantec. There were several parameters, which showed high correlations especially back height (0.972), coronal curve (0.952), and left trunk volume (0.905). MTS is a reliable three-dimensional topographic alternative to radiographs without the exposure to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Lim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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14
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Trawicki M, Liu XC, Tassone C, Thometz J, Lyon R. Improvements in three-dimensional back contour after spinal fusion for idiopathic scoliosis. Stud Health Technol Inform 2010; 158:19-23. [PMID: 20543393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Quantec raster stereography has been recognized as an accurate and reliable tool for evaluating back contour and posterior truncal rotation in patients with scoliosis. In this prospective study, 35 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis underwent both spinal radiography and Quantec three-dimensional evaluation of their idiopathic scoliosis before and after surgical intervention, consisting of anterior and/or posterior spinal fusion, with or without thoracoplasty. Comparison of established key parameters showed significant improvement in thoracic and thoracolumbar Cobb angle, as well as Quantec Q-angle. Thoracic rotation, Suzuki rib hump sum, and posterior trunk asymmetry also improved due to spinal fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Trawicki
- Department of Surgery, Froedtert Memorial Lutheran Hospital, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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15
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Thometz J, Liu XC, Reineck J, Lyon R, Tassone C. Changes of three-dimensional back contour following posterior fusion for idiopathic scoliosis. Stud Health Technol Inform 2006; 123:577-81. [PMID: 17108490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-nine patients received both pre and post operative Quantec evaluation (Raster stereophotograph) and spinal radiography. Mean age at surgery was 13.9 years and mean age at follow-up was 15.9 year old. Patients have been followed at least 6 months post-surgically, ranging from 6 months to 5 years. The study found that except for an improvement of Cobb angles (from 49.64 degrees to 24.81 degrees in the thoracic; from 56.08 degrees to 20.08 degrees in the thoracolumbar), corrections of rib hump (from 16.88 to 11.40 vs. normal range 0 to 10.) and truncal asymmetry (from 36.97 to 21.92 vs. normal range 5 to 20) are critical factors in successful spinal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Thometz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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16
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Petronzelli F, Kimura A, Tassone C, Sasazuki T, Ferrante P, Arma D, Mazzilli M. Polymorphism in the promoter region of DQA1 gene: A study in celiac disease patients. Hum Immunol 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0198-8859(93)90027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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