1
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Li X, Mara AB, Musial SC, Kolling FW, Gibbings SL, Gerebtsov N, Jakubzick CV. Coordinated chemokine expression defines macrophage subsets across tissues. Nat Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41590-024-01826-9. [PMID: 38698086 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01826-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Lung-resident macrophages, which include alveolar macrophages and interstitial macrophages (IMs), exhibit a high degree of diversity, generally attributed to different activation states, and often complicated by the influx of monocytes into the pool of tissue-resident macrophages. To gain a deeper insight into the functional diversity of IMs, here we perform comprehensive transcriptional profiling of resident IMs and reveal ten distinct chemokine-expressing IM subsets at steady state and during inflammation. Similar IM subsets that exhibited coordinated chemokine signatures and differentially expressed genes were observed across various tissues and species, indicating conserved specialized functional roles. Other macrophage types shared specific IM chemokine profiles, while also presenting their own unique chemokine signatures. Depletion of CD206hi IMs in Pf4creR26EYFP+DTR and Pf4creR26EYFPCx3cr1DTR mice led to diminished inflammatory cell recruitment, reduced tertiary lymphoid structure formation and fewer germinal center B cells in models of allergen- and infection-driven inflammation. These observations highlight the specialized roles of IMs, defined by their coordinated chemokine production, in regulating immune cell influx and organizing tertiary lymphoid tissue architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Arlind B Mara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Shawn C Musial
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Fred W Kolling
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | - Nikita Gerebtsov
- Lab for Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claudia V Jakubzick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA.
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2
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Mara AB, Rawat K, King WT, Jakubzick CV. Natural antibodies drive type 2 immunity in response to damage-associated molecular patterns. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e177230. [PMID: 38470489 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.177230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergic airway disease (AAD) is an example of type 2 inflammation that leads to chronic airway eosinophilia controlled by CD4 Th2 cells. Inflammation is reinforced by mast cells and basophils armed with allergen-specific IgE made by allergen-specific B2 B cells of the adaptive immune system. Little is known about how AAD is affected by innate B1 cells, which produce natural antibodies (NAbs) that facilitate apoptotic cell clearance and detect damage- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (DAMPS and PAMPS). We used transgenic mice lacking either B cells or NAbs in distinct mouse models of AAD that require either DAMPS or PAMPS as the initial trigger for type 2 immunity. In a DAMP-induced allergic model, driven by alum and uric acid, mouse strains lacking B cells (CD19DTA), NAbs (IgHEL MD4), or all secreted antibodies (sIgm-/-Aid-/-) displayed a significant reduction in both eosinophilia and Th2 priming compared with WT or Aid-/- mice lacking only germinal center-dependent high-affinity class-switched antibodies. Replenishing B cell-deficient mice with either unimmunized B1 B cells or NAbs during sensitization restored eosinophilia, suggesting that NAbs are required for licensing antigen-presenting cells to prime type 2 immunity. Conversely, PAMP-dependent type 2 priming to house dust mite or Aspergillus was not dependent on NAbs. This study reveals an underappreciated role of B1 B cell-generated NAbs in selectively driving DAMP-induced type 2 immunity.
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3
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Han J, Gallerand A, Erlich EC, Helmink BA, Mair I, Li X, Eckhouse SR, Dimou FM, Shakhsheer BA, Phelps HM, Chan MM, Mintz RL, Lee DD, Schilling JD, Finlay CM, Allen JE, Jakubzick CV, Else KJ, Onufer EJ, Zhang N, Randolph GJ. Human serous cavity macrophages and dendritic cells possess counterparts in the mouse with a distinct distribution between species. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:155-165. [PMID: 38102487 PMCID: PMC10990619 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01688-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In mouse peritoneal and other serous cavities, the transcription factor GATA6 drives the identity of the major cavity resident population of macrophages, with a smaller subset of cavity-resident macrophages dependent on the transcription factor IRF4. Here we showed that GATA6+ macrophages in the human peritoneum were rare, regardless of age. Instead, more human peritoneal macrophages aligned with mouse CD206+ LYVE1+ cavity macrophages that represent a differentiation stage just preceding expression of GATA6. A low abundance of CD206+ macrophages was retained in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet and in wild-captured mice, suggesting that differences between serous cavity-resident macrophages in humans and mice were not environmental. IRF4-dependent mouse serous cavity macrophages aligned closely with human CD1c+CD14+CD64+ peritoneal cells, which, in turn, resembled human peritoneal CD1c+CD14-CD64- cDC2. Thus, major populations of serous cavity-resident mononuclear phagocytes in humans and mice shared common features, but the proportions of different macrophage differentiation stages greatly differ between the two species, and dendritic cell (DC2)-like cells were especially prominent in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichang Han
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexandre Gallerand
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Emma C Erlich
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Beth A Helmink
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Iris Mair
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Xin Li
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Shaina R Eckhouse
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Francesca M Dimou
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Baddr A Shakhsheer
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hannah M Phelps
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mandy M Chan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel L Mintz
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel D Lee
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joel D Schilling
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Conor M Finlay
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Judith E Allen
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Claudia V Jakubzick
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Kathryn J Else
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Emily J Onufer
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Ellen and Ronald Caplan Cancer Center at the Wistar Institute in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gwendalyn J Randolph
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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4
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Rawat K, Mara AB, King WT, Nnam CF, Jakubzick CV. Immunogenicity Threshold in Allogeneic Cells Impacts CTL Response to Nondominant Congenic Antigens. J Immunol 2023; 211:1623-1629. [PMID: 37850969 PMCID: PMC10656436 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation and cancer expose the immune system to neoantigens, including immunogenic (dominant and subdominant) and nonimmunogenic Ags with varying quantities and affinities of immunodominant peptides. Conceptually, immunity is believed to mainly target dominant Ags when subdominant or nondominant Ags are linked within the same cell due to T cell interference. This phenomenon is called immunodominance. However, our previous study in mice showed that linked nonimmunogenic Ags (OVA and GFP) containing immunodominant peptides mount immunity irrespective of the MHC-matched allogeneic cell's immunogenicity. Consequently, we further explored 1) under what circumstances does the congenic marker CD45.1 provoke immunity in CD45.2 mice, and 2) whether linking two dominant or subdominant Ags can instigate an immune response. Our observations showed that CD45.1 (or CD45.2), when connected to low-immunogenic cell types is presented as an immunogen, which contrasts with its outcome when linked to high-immunogenic cell types. Moreover, we found that both dominant and subdominant Ags are presented as immunogens when linked in environments with lower immunogenic thresholds. These findings challenge the existing perception that immunity is predominantly elicited against dominant Ags when linked to subdominant or nondominant Ags. This study takes a fundamental step toward understanding the nuanced relationship between immunogenic and nonimmunogenic Ags, potentially opening new avenues for comprehending cancer immunoediting and enhancing the conversion of cold tumors with low immunogenicity into responsive hot tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Rawat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH
| | - Arlind B. Mara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH
| | - William T. King
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH
| | - Chinaza F. Nnam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH
| | - Claudia V. Jakubzick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH
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5
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Iliakis CS, Kulikauskaite J, Aegerter H, Li F, Piattini F, Jakubzick CV, Guilliams M, Kopf M, Wack A. The role of recruitment versus training in influenza-induced lasting changes to alveolar macrophage function. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1639-1641. [PMID: 37640788 PMCID: PMC10563517 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01602-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Helena Aegerter
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fengqi Li
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Federica Piattini
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia V Jakubzick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Martin Guilliams
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Homeostasis and Regeneration, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Wack
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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6
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Rawat K, Jakubzick CV. Channeling antigens to CD8 + T cells. Science 2023; 380:1218-1219. [PMID: 37347866 PMCID: PMC10589910 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi5711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Perforin-2 facilitates antigen translocation to the cytosol in cross-presenting dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Rawat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Claudia V Jakubzick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
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7
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Rawat K, Tewari A, Li X, Mara AB, King WT, Gibbings SL, Nnam CF, Kolling FW, Lambrecht BN, Jakubzick CV. CCL5-producing migratory dendritic cells guide CCR5+ monocytes into the draining lymph nodes. J Exp Med 2023; 220:213962. [PMID: 36946983 PMCID: PMC10072223 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20222129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes capture, transport, and present antigen to cognate T cells in the draining lymph nodes (LNs) in a CCR7-dependent manner. Since only migratory DCs express this chemokine receptor, it is unclear how monocytes reach the LN. In steady-state and following inhalation of several PAMPs, scRNA-seq identified LN mononuclear phagocytes as monocytes, resident, or migratory type 1 and type 2 conventional (c)DCs, despite the downregulation of Xcr1, Clec9a, H2-Ab1, Sirpa, and Clec10a transcripts on migratory cDCs. Migratory cDCs, however, upregulated Ccr7, Ccl17, Ccl22, and Ccl5. Migratory monocytes expressed Ccr5, a high-affinity receptor for Ccl5. Using two tracking methods, we observed that both CD88hiCD26lomonocytes and CD88-CD26hi cDCs captured inhaled antigens in the lung and migrated to LNs. Antigen exposure in mixed-chimeric Ccl5-, Ccr2-, Ccr5-, Ccr7-, and Batf3-deficient mice demonstrated that while antigen-bearing DCs use CCR7 to reach the LN, monocytes use CCR5 to follow CCL5-secreting migratory cDCs into the LN, where they regulate DC-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Rawat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Anita Tewari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Arlind B Mara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Hanover, NH, USA
| | - William T King
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | - Chinaza F Nnam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Fred W Kolling
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine , Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research , Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC , Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Claudia V Jakubzick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Hanover, NH, USA
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8
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Li X, Jakubzick CV. Macrophages show up in style when Th2 lymphocytes organize their homecoming. Immunity 2023; 56:900-902. [PMID: 37163989 PMCID: PMC10563516 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Monocytes can differentiate into tissue-resident pleural macrophages, but the mechanisms underlying this process are not yet fully understood. In this issue of Immunity, Finlay et al.1 show that Th2 cytokines promote this differentiation in resistant mice infected with Litomosoides sigmodontis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH 03756, USA
| | - Claudia V Jakubzick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH 03756, USA.
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Li X, Kolling FW, Aridgides D, Mellinger D, Ashare A, Jakubzick CV. ScRNA-seq expression of IFI27 and APOC2 identifies four alveolar macrophage superclusters in healthy BALF. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:e202201458. [PMID: 35820705 PMCID: PMC9275597 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) reside on the luminal surface of the airways and alveoli, ensuring proper gas exchange by ingesting cellular debris and pathogens, and regulating inflammatory responses. Therefore, understanding the heterogeneity and diverse roles played by AMs, interstitial macrophages, and recruited monocytes is critical for treating airway diseases. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on 113,213 bronchoalveolar lavage cells from four healthy and three uninflamed cystic fibrosis subjects and identified two MARCKS+LGMN+IMs, FOLR2+SELENOP+ and SPP1+PLA2G7+ IMs, monocyte subtypes, DC1, DC2, migDCs, plasmacytoid DCs, lymphocytes, epithelial cells, and four AM superclusters (families) based on the gene expression of IFI27 and APOC2 These four AM families have at least eight distinct functional members (subclusters) named after their differentially expressed gene(s): IGF1, CCL18, CXCL5, cholesterol, chemokine, metallothionein, interferon, and small-cluster AMs. Interestingly, the chemokine cluster further divides with each subcluster selectively expressing a unique combination of chemokines. One of the most striking observations, besides the heterogeneity, is the conservation of AM family members in relatively equal ratio across all AM superclusters and individuals. Transcriptional data and TotalSeq technology were used to investigate cell surface markers that distinguish resident AMs from recruited monocytes. Last, other AM datasets were projected onto our dataset. Similar AM superclusters and functional subclusters were observed, along with a significant increase in chemokine and IFN AM subclusters in individuals infected with COVID-19. Overall, functional specializations of the AM subclusters suggest that there are highly regulated AM niches with defined programming states, highlighting a clear division of labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Fred W Kolling
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Daniel Aridgides
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Diane Mellinger
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Alix Ashare
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Claudia V Jakubzick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA
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10
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Rawat K, Soucy SM, Kolling FW, Diaz KM, King WT, Tewari A, Jakubzick CV. Natural Antibodies Alert the Adaptive Immune System of the Presence of Transformed Cells in Early Tumorigenesis. J Immunol 2022; 209:1252-1259. [PMID: 36028292 PMCID: PMC9515310 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed a critical role for natural Abs (NAbs) in antitumor immune responses. However, the role of NAbs in cancer immunosurveillance remains unexplored, mainly because of the lack of in vivo models that mimic the early recognition and elimination of transforming cells. In this article, we propose a role for NAbs in alerting the immune system against precancerous neoantigen-expressing cells immediately after they escape intrinsic tumor suppression mechanisms. We identify four distinct reproducible, trackable, MHC-matched neoantigen-expressing cell models that do not form tumors as the end point. This amplified readout in the critical window prior to tumor formation allows investigation of new mediators of cancer immunosurveillance. We found that neoantigen-expressing cells adoptively transferred in NAb-deficient mice persisted, whereas they were eliminated in wild-type mice, indicating that the circulating NAb repertoire alerts the immune system to the presence of transformed cells. Moreover, immunity is mounted against immunogenic and nonimmunogenic neoantigens contained in the NAb-tagged cells, regardless of whether the NAb directly recognizes the neoantigens. Beyond these neoantigen-expressing model systems, we observed a significantly greater tumor burden in chemically and virally induced tumor models in NAb-deficient mice compared with wild-type mice. Restoration of the NAb repertoire in NAb-deficient mice elicited the recognition and elimination of neoantigen-expressing cells and cancer. These data show that NAbs are required and sufficient for elimination of transformed cells early in tumorigenesis. These models can now be used to investigate how NAbs stimulate immunity via recognition receptors to eliminate precancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Rawat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH; and
| | - Shannon M Soucy
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH
| | - Fred W Kolling
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH
| | - Kiara Manohar Diaz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH; and
| | - William T King
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH; and
| | - Anita Tewari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH; and
| | - Claudia V Jakubzick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH; and
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11
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Aegerter H, Lambrecht BN, Jakubzick CV. Biology of lung macrophages in health and disease. Immunity 2022; 55:1564-1580. [PMID: 36103853 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident alveolar and interstitial macrophages and recruited macrophages are critical players in innate immunity and maintenance of lung homeostasis. Until recently, assessing the differential functional contributions of tissue-resident versus recruited macrophages has been challenging because they share overlapping cell surface markers, making it difficult to separate them using conventional methods. This review describes how scRNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics can separate these subpopulations and help unravel the complexity of macrophage biology in homeostasis and disease. First, we provide a guide to identifying and distinguishing lung macrophages from other mononuclear phagocytes in humans and mice. Second, we outline emerging concepts related to the development and function of the various lung macrophages in the alveolar, perivascular, and interstitial niches. Finally, we describe how different tissue states profoundly alter their functions, including acute and chronic lung disease, cancer, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Aegerter
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia V Jakubzick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA.
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12
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Rahimi RA, Cho JL, Jakubzick CV, Khader SA, Lambrecht BN, Lloyd CM, Molofsky AB, Talbot S, Bonham CA, Drake WP, Sperling AI, Singer BD. Advancing Lung Immunology Research: An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:e1-18. [PMID: 35776495 PMCID: PMC9273224 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0167st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian airways and lungs are exposed to a myriad of inhaled particulate matter, allergens, and pathogens. The immune system plays an essential role in protecting the host from respiratory pathogens, but a dysregulated immune response during respiratory infection can impair pathogen clearance and lead to immunopathology. Furthermore, inappropriate immunity to inhaled antigens can lead to pulmonary diseases. A complex network of epithelial, neural, stromal, and immune cells has evolved to sense and respond to inhaled antigens, including the decision to promote tolerance versus a rapid, robust, and targeted immune response. Although there has been great progress in understanding the mechanisms governing immunity to respiratory pathogens and aeroantigens, we are only beginning to develop an integrated understanding of the cellular networks governing tissue immunity within the lungs and how it changes after inflammation and over the human life course. An integrated model of airway and lung immunity will be necessary to improve mucosal vaccine design as well as prevent and treat acute and chronic inflammatory pulmonary diseases. Given the importance of immunology in pulmonary research, the American Thoracic Society convened a working group to highlight central areas of investigation to advance the science of lung immunology and improve human health.
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Tewari A, Prabagar MG, Gibbings SL, Rawat K, Jakubzick CV. LN Monocytes Limit DC-Poly I:C Induced Cytotoxic T Cell Response via IL-10 and Induction of Suppressor CD4 T Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:763379. [PMID: 34691085 PMCID: PMC8527167 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.763379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Every immune response has accelerators and brakes. Depending on the pathogen or injury, monocytes can play either role, promoting or resolving immunity. Poly I:C, a potent TLR3 ligand, licenses cross-presenting dendritic cells (DC1) to accelerate a robust cytotoxic T cells response against a foreign antigen. Poly I:C thus has promise as an adjuvant in cancer immunotherapy and viral subunit vaccines. Like DC1s, monocytes are also abundant in the LNs. They may act as either immune accelerators or brakes, depending on the inflammatory mediator they encounter. However, little is known about their contribution to adaptive immunity in the context of antigen and Poly I:C. Using monocyte-deficient and chimeric mice, we demonstrate that LN monocytes indirectly dampen a Poly I:C induced antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell response, exerting a “braking” function. This effect is mediated by IL-10 production and induction of suppressor CD4+ T cells. In a metastatic melanoma model, we show that a triple-combination prophylactic treatment consisting of anti-IL-10, tumor peptides and Poly I:C works because removing IL-10 counteracts the monocytic brake, resulting in significantly fewer tumors compared to mice treated with tumor peptides and Poly I:C alone. Finally, in human LN tissue, we observed that monocytes (unlike DCs) express high levels of IL-10, suggesting that anti-IL-10 may be an important addition to treatments. Overall, our data demonstrates that LN monocytes regulate the induction of a robust DC1-mediated immune response. Neutralization of either IL-10 or monocytes can augment Poly I:C-based treatments and enhance T cell cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Tewari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Miglena G Prabagar
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Sophie L Gibbings
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Kavita Rawat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Claudia V Jakubzick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, United States
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14
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Rawat K, Tewari A, Morrisson MJ, Wager TD, Jakubzick CV. Redefining innate natural antibodies as important contributors to anti-tumor immunity. eLife 2021; 10:69713. [PMID: 34608861 PMCID: PMC8547949 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid, T, and NK cells are key players in the elimination phase of cancer immunoediting, also referred to as cancer immunosurveillance. However, the role of B cells and NAbs, which are present prior to the encounter with cognate antigens, has been overlooked. One reason is due to the popular use of a single B cell-deficient mouse model, muMT mice. Cancer models using muMT mice display a similar tumor burden as their wild-type (WT) counterparts. Empirically, we observe what others have previously reported with muMT mice. However, using two other B cell-deficient mouse models (IgHELMD4 and CD19creDTA), we show a three- to fivefold increase in tumor burden relative to WT mice. In addition, using an unconventional, non-cancer-related, immune neoantigen model where hypoxic conditions and cell clustering are absent, we provide evidence that B cells and their innate, natural antibodies (NAbs) are critical for the detection and elimination of neoantigen-expressing cells. Finally, we find that muMT mice display anti-tumor immunity because of an unexpected compensatory mechanism consisting of significantly enhanced type 1 interferon (IFN)-producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), which recruit a substantial number of NK cells to the tumor microenvironment compared to WT mice. Diminishing this compensatory pDC-IFN-NK cell mechanism revealed that muMT mice develop a three- to fivefold increase in tumor burden compared to WT mice. In summary, our findings suggest that NAbs are part of an early defense against not only microorganisms and dying cells, but precancerous cells as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Rawat
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Anita Tewari
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Madeline J Morrisson
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Tor D Wager
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Claudia V Jakubzick
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, United States
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Kavita Rawat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Claudia V Jakubzick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
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16
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Leach SM, Gibbings SL, Tewari AD, Atif SM, Vestal B, Danhorn T, Janssen WJ, Wager TD, Jakubzick CV. Human and Mouse Transcriptome Profiling Identifies Cross-Species Homology in Pulmonary and Lymph Node Mononuclear Phagocytes. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108337. [PMID: 33147458 PMCID: PMC7673261 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mononuclear phagocyte (MP) system consists of macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs). MP subtypes play distinct functional roles in steady-state and inflammatory conditions. Although murine MPs are well characterized, their pulmonary and lymph node (LN) human homologs remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we have created a gene expression compendium across 24 distinct human and murine lung and LN MPs, along with human blood and murine spleen MPs, to serve as validation datasets. In-depth RNA sequencing identifies corresponding human-mouse MP subtypes and determines marker genes shared and divergent across species. Unexpectedly, only 13%-23% of the top 1,000 marker genes (i.e., genes not shared across species-specific MP subtypes) overlap in corresponding human-mouse MP counterparts. Lastly, CD88 in both species helps distinguish monocytes/macrophages from DCs. Our cross-species expression compendium serves as a resource for future translational studies to investigate beforehand whether pursuing specific MP subtypes or genes will prove fruitful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia M Leach
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Sophie L Gibbings
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Anita D Tewari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03756, USA
| | - Shaikh M Atif
- Department of Medicine, Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brian Vestal
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Thomas Danhorn
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - William J Janssen
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Tor D Wager
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Claudia V Jakubzick
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03756, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Colorado, Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, CO 80045, USA.
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17
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Hume PS, Gibbings SL, Jakubzick CV, Tuder RM, Curran-Everett D, Henson PM, Smith BJ, Janssen WJ. Localization of Macrophages in the Human Lung via Design-based Stereology. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201:1209-1217. [PMID: 32197050 PMCID: PMC7233346 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201911-2105oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Interstitial macrophages (IMs) and airspace macrophages (AMs) play critical roles in lung homeostasis and host defense, and are central to the pathogenesis of a number of lung diseases. However, the absolute numbers of macrophages and the precise anatomic locations they occupy in the healthy human lung have not been quantified.Objectives: To determine the precise number and anatomic location of human pulmonary macrophages in nondiseased lungs and to quantify how this is altered in chronic cigarette smokers.Methods: Whole right upper lobes from 12 human donors without pulmonary disease (6 smokers and 6 nonsmokers) were evaluated using design-based stereology. CD206 (cluster of differentiation 206)-positive/CD43+ AMs and CD206+/CD43- IMs were counted in five distinct anatomical locations using the optical disector probe.Measurements and Main Results: An average of 2.1 × 109 IMs and 1.4 × 109 AMs were estimated per right upper lobe. Of the AMs, 95% were contained in diffusing airspaces and 5% in airways. Of the IMs, 78% were located within the alveolar septa, 14% around small vessels, and 7% around the airways. The local density of IMs was greater in the alveolar septa than in the connective tissue surrounding the airways or vessels. The total number and density of IMs was 36% to 56% greater in the lungs of cigarette smokers versus nonsmokers.Conclusions: The precise locations occupied by pulmonary macrophages were defined in nondiseased human lungs from smokers and nonsmokers. IM density was greatest in the alveolar septa. Lungs from chronic smokers had increased IM numbers and overall density, supporting a role for IMs in smoking-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S. Hume
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Sophie L. Gibbings
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Claudia V. Jakubzick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Rubin M. Tuder
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Douglas Curran-Everett
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado,Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, and
| | - Peter M. Henson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Bradford J. Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - William J. Janssen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine
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18
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Tighe RM, Redente EF, Yu YR, Herold S, Sperling AI, Curtis JL, Duggan R, Swaminathan S, Nakano H, Zacharias WJ, Janssen WJ, Freeman CM, Brinkman RR, Singer BD, Jakubzick CV, Misharin AV. Improving the Quality and Reproducibility of Flow Cytometry in the Lung. An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 61:150-161. [PMID: 31368812 PMCID: PMC6670040 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0191st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Defining responses of the structural and immune cells in biologic systems is critically important to understanding disease states and responses to injury. This requires accurate and sensitive methods to define cell types in organ systems. The principal method to delineate the cell populations involved in these processes is flow cytometry. Although researchers increasingly use flow cytometry, technical challenges can affect its accuracy and reproducibility, thus significantly limiting scientific advancements. This challenge is particularly critical to lung immunology, as the lung is readily accessible and therefore used in preclinical and clinical studies to define potential therapeutics. Given the importance of flow cytometry in pulmonary research, the American Thoracic Society convened a working group to highlight issues and technical challenges to the performance of high-quality pulmonary flow cytometry, with a goal of improving its quality and reproducibility.
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19
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Atif SM, Gibbings SL, Redente EF, Camp FA, Torres RM, Kedl RM, Henson PM, Jakubzick CV. Immune Surveillance by Natural IgM Is Required for Early Neoantigen Recognition and Initiation of Adaptive Immunity. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 59:580-591. [PMID: 29953261 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0159oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Early recognition of neoantigen-expressing cells is complex, involving multiple immune cell types. In this study, in vivo, we examined how antigen-presenting cell subtypes coordinate and induce an immunological response against neoantigen-expressing cells, particularly in the absence of a pathogen-associated molecular pattern, which is normally required to license antigen-presenting cells to present foreign or self-antigens as immunogens. Using two reductionist models of neoantigen-expressing cells and two cancer models, we demonstrated that natural IgM is essential for the recognition and initiation of adaptive immunity against neoantigen-expressing cells. Natural IgM antibodies form a cellular immune complex with the neoantigen-expressing cells. This immune complex licenses surveying monocytes to present neoantigens as immunogens to CD4+ T cells. CD4+ T helper cells, in turn, use CD40L to license cross-presenting CD40+ Batf3+ dendritic cells to elicit a cytotoxic T cell response against neoantigen-expressing cells. Any break along this immunological chain reaction results in the escape of neoantigen-expressing cells. This study demonstrates the surprising, essential role of natural IgM as the initiator of a sequential signaling cascade involving multiple immune cell subtypes. This sequence is required to coordinate an adaptive immune response against neoantigen-expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikh M Atif
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Sophie L Gibbings
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | | | - Faye A Camp
- 2 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Raul M Torres
- 2 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ross M Kedl
- 2 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Peter M Henson
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and.,2 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Claudia V Jakubzick
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and.,2 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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20
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McGettigan B, McMahan R, Orlicky D, Burchill M, Danhorn T, Francis P, Cheng LL, Golden-Mason L, Jakubzick CV, Rosen HR. Dietary Lipids Differentially Shape Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Progression and the Transcriptome of Kupffer Cells and Infiltrating Macrophages. Hepatology 2019; 70:67-83. [PMID: 30516830 PMCID: PMC6923128 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A crucial component of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis is lipid stress, which may contribute to hepatic inflammation and activation of innate immunity in the liver. However, little is known regarding how dietary lipids, including fat and cholesterol, may facilitate innate immune activation in vivo. We hypothesized that dietary fat and cholesterol drive NAFLD progression to steatohepatitis and hepatic fibrosis by altering the transcription and phenotype of hepatic macrophages. This hypothesis was tested by using RNA-sequencing methods to characterize and analyze sort-purified hepatic macrophage populations that were isolated from mice fed diets with varying amounts of fat and cholesterol. The addition of cholesterol to a high-fat diet triggered hepatic pathology reminiscent of advanced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in humans characterized by signs of cholesterol dysregulation, generation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein, increased recruitment of hepatic macrophages, and significant fibrosis. RNA-sequencing analyses of hepatic macrophages in this model revealed that dietary cholesterol induced a tissue repair and regeneration phenotype in Kupffer cells (KCs) and recruited infiltrating macrophages to a greater degree than fat. Furthermore, comparison of diseased KCs and infiltrating macrophages revealed that these two macrophage subsets are transcriptionally diverse. Finally, direct stimulation of murine and human macrophages with oxidized low-density lipoprotein recapitulated some of the transcriptional changes observed in the RNA-sequencing study. These findings indicate that fat and cholesterol synergize to alter macrophage phenotype, and they also challenge the dogma that KCs are purely proinflammatory in NASH. Conclusion: This comprehensive view of macrophage populations in NASH indicates mechanisms by which cholesterol contributes to NASH progression and identifies potential therapeutic targets for this common disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett McGettigan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology,Department of Immunology
| | - Rachel McMahan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
| | | | - Matthew Burchill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
| | - Thomas Danhorn
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
| | | | - Lin Ling Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
| | - Lucy Golden-Mason
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology,Department of Immunology,Department of Medicine, University of Southern California,USC Research Center for Liver Diseases, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Hugo R. Rosen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology,Department of Immunology,Department of Medicine, University of Southern California,USC Research Center for Liver Diseases, Los Angeles, CA
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21
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McCubbrey AL, Barthel L, Mohning MP, Redente EF, Mould KJ, Thomas SM, Leach SM, Danhorn T, Gibbings SL, Jakubzick CV, Henson PM, Janssen WJ. Deletion of c-FLIP from CD11b hi Macrophages Prevents Development of Bleomycin-induced Lung Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:66-78. [PMID: 28850249 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0154oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive lung disease with complex pathophysiology and fatal prognosis. Macrophages (MΦ) contribute to the development of lung fibrosis; however, the underlying mechanisms and specific MΦ subsets involved remain unclear. During lung injury, two subsets of lung MΦ coexist: Siglec-Fhi resident alveolar MΦ and a mixed population of CD11bhi MΦ that primarily mature from immigrating monocytes. Using a novel inducible transgenic system driven by a fragment of the human CD68 promoter, we targeted deletion of the antiapoptotic protein cellular FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) to CD11bhi MΦ. Upon loss of c-FLIP, CD11bhi MΦ became susceptible to cell death. Using this system, we were able to show that eliminating CD11bhi MΦ present 7-14 days after bleomycin injury was sufficient to protect mice from fibrosis. RNA-seq analysis of lung MΦ present during this time showed that CD11bhi MΦ, but not Siglec-Fhi MΦ, expressed high levels of profibrotic chemokines and growth factors. Human MΦ from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis expressed many of the same profibrotic chemokines identified in murine CD11bhi MΦ. Elimination of monocyte-derived MΦ may help in the treatment of fibrosis. We identify c-FLIP and the associated extrinsic cell death program as a potential pathway through which these profibrotic MΦ may be pharmacologically targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L McCubbrey
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Lea Barthel
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Michael P Mohning
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Elizabeth F Redente
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,3 Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.,4 Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, Colorado
| | - Kara J Mould
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Stacey M Thomas
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Sonia M Leach
- 5 Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, and.,6 Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Thomas Danhorn
- 5 Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, and.,6 Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Sophie L Gibbings
- 3 Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Claudia V Jakubzick
- 3 Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.,7 Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver Anshutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Peter M Henson
- 3 Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - William J Janssen
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
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22
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Abstract
Mononuclear phagocytes (MP) consist of macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), and monocytes. In all organs, including the lung, there are multiple subtypes within these categories. The existence of all these cell types suggest that there is a clear division of labor and delicate balance between the MPs under steady state and inflammatory conditions. Although great strides have been made to understand MPs in the mouse lung, and human blood, little is known about the MPs that exist in the human lung and lung-draining lymph nodes (LNs), and even less is known about their functional roles, studies of which will require a large number of sorted cells. We have comprehensively examined cell surface markers previously used in a variety of organs to identify human pulmonary MPs. In the lung, we consistently identify five extravascular pulmonary MPs and three LN MPs. These MPs were present in over 100 lungs regardless of age or gender. Notably, the human blood CD141+ DCs, as described in the literature, were not observed in non-diseased lungs or their draining LNs. In the lung and draining LNs, expression of CD141 was only observed on HLADR+ CD11c+ CD14+ extravascular monocytes (often confused in the LN as resident DCs based on the level of HLADR expression and mouse LN data). In the human lung and LNs there are at least two DC subtypes expressing HLADR, DEC205 and CD1c, along with circulating monocytes that behave as either antigen-presenting cells or macrophages. Furthermore, we demonstrate how to distinguish between alveolar macrophages and interstitial macrophage subtypes. It still remains unclear how the human pulmonary MPs identified here align with mouse MPs. Clearly, we are now past the stage of cell surface marker characterization, and future studies will need to move toward understanding what these cell types are and how they function. Our hope is that the strategy described here can help the pulmonary community take this next step.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia V Jakubzick
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA.
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23
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Abstract
There is a diverse population of mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) in the lungs, comprised of macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), and monocytes. The existence of these various cell types suggests that there is a clear division of labor and delicate balance between the MPs under steady-state and inflammatory conditions. Here we describe how to identify pulmonary MPs using flow cytometry and how to isolate them via cell sorting. In steady-state conditions, murine lungs contain a uniform population of alveolar macrophages (AMs), three distinct interstitial macrophage (IM) populations, three DC subtypes, and a small number of tissue-trafficking monocytes. During an inflammatory response, the monocyte population is more abundant and complex since it acquires either macrophage-like or DC-like features. All in all, studying how these cell types interact with each other, structural cells, and other leukocytes within the environment will be important to understanding their role in maintaining homeostasis and during the development of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia V Jakubzick
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA.
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24
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Atif SM, Gibbings SL, Jakubzick CV. Isolation and Identification of Interstitial Macrophages from the Lungs Using Different Digestion Enzymes and Staining Strategies. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1784:69-76. [PMID: 29761388 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7837-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial macrophages (IMs) are present in multiple organs. Although there is limited knowledge of the unique functional role IM subtypes play, macrophages, in general, are known for their contribution in homeostatic tissue maintenance and inflammation such as clearing pathogens and debris and secreting inflammatory mediators and growth factors. IM subtypes have been identified in the heart, skin, and gut, and more recently we identified three distinct IMs in the lung. IMs express on their surface high levels of MerTK, CD64, and CD11b, with differences in CD11c, CD206, and MHC II expression, and referred to the three pulmonary IM subtypes as IM1 (CD11cloCD206+MHCIIlo), IM2 (CD11cloCD206+MHCIIhi), and IM3 (CD11chiCD206loMHCIIhi). In this chapter, we highlight how to extract IMs from the lung using three different digestion enzymes: elastase, collagenase D, and Liberase TM. Of these three commonly used enzymes, Liberase TM was the most effective at IM extraction, particularly IM3. Furthermore, alternative staining strategies to identify IMs were examined, which included CD64, MerTK, F4/80, and Tim4. Thus, future studies highlighting the functional role of IM subtypes will help further our understanding of how tissue homeostasis is maintained and inflammatory conditions are induced and resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikh M Atif
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Claudia V Jakubzick
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA.
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25
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McCubbrey AL, Allison KC, Lee-Sherick AB, Jakubzick CV, Janssen WJ. Promoter Specificity and Efficacy in Conditional and Inducible Transgenic Targeting of Lung Macrophages. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1618. [PMID: 29225599 PMCID: PMC5705560 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditional and inducible Cre-loxP systems are used to target gene deletion to specific cell lineages and tissues through promoter-restricted expression of the bacterial DNA recombinase, Cre. Although Cre-loxP systems are widely used to target gene deletion in lung macrophages, limited data are published on the specificity and efficiency of “macrophage targeting” Cre lines. Using R26-stopfl/fl-TdTomato and tetOn-GFP reporter lines, we assessed the specificity and efficiency of four commercially available Cre driver lines that are often considered “macrophage specific.” We evaluated two conditional (Csf1r-Cre and LysM-Cre) and two inducible [CX3CR1-estrogen receptor-Cre (ERCre) and CD68-rtTA] lines. We assessed Cre activation in six resident lung myeloid populations, as well as activation in lung leukocytes, lung epithelial and endothelial cells, peripheral blood leukocytes, and tissue macrophages of the spleen, bone marrow, and peritoneal cavity. Although Csf1r-Cre and LysM-Cre target resident alveolar macrophages (ResAM) and interstitial macrophages (IM) with high efficiency, neither line is specific for macrophages. Csf1r-Cre targets all leukocyte populations, while LysM-Cre targets dendritic cell, neutrophils, monocytes, and a quarter of lung epithelial cells. CX3CR1-ERCre and CD68-rtTA both target IM, but do not target ResAM. Further, although neither line is specific for macrophages, a pulse-wait administration of tamoxifen or doxycycline can be used to significantly improve IM specificity in these inducible lines. In summary, while Cre-loxP remains a powerful tool to study macrophage function, numerous pitfalls exist. Herein, we document strengths and weaknesses of Csf1r-Cre, LysM-Cre, CX3CR1-ERCre, and CD68-rtTA systems for targeting specific macrophage populations in the lungs and provide data that will aid investigators in selecting the proper strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L McCubbrey
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States.,Division of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Kristen C Allison
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Alisa B Lee-Sherick
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | | | - William J Janssen
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States.,Division of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, United States
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26
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Mould KJ, Barthel L, Mohning MP, Thomas SM, McCubbrey AL, Danhorn T, Leach SM, Fingerlin TE, O'Connor BP, Reisz JA, D'Alessandro A, Bratton DL, Jakubzick CV, Janssen WJ. Cell Origin Dictates Programming of Resident versus Recruited Macrophages during Acute Lung Injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 57:294-306. [PMID: 28421818 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0061oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Two populations of alveolar macrophages (AMs) coexist in the inflamed lung: resident AMs that arise during embryogenesis, and recruited AMs that originate postnatally from circulating monocytes. The objective of this study was to determine whether origin or environment dictates the transcriptional, metabolic, and functional programming of these two ontologically distinct populations over the time course of acute inflammation. RNA sequencing demonstrated marked transcriptional differences between resident and recruited AMs affecting three main areas: proliferation, inflammatory signaling, and metabolism. Functional assays and metabolomic studies confirmed these differences and demonstrated that resident AMs proliferate locally and are governed by increased tricarboxylic acid cycle and amino acid metabolism. Conversely, recruited AMs produce inflammatory cytokines in association with increased glycolytic and arginine metabolism. Collectively, the data show that even though they coexist in the same environment, inflammatory macrophage subsets have distinct immunometabolic programs and perform specialized functions during inflammation that are associated with their cellular origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara J Mould
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Lea Barthel
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Michael P Mohning
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, and.,2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Stacey M Thomas
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Alexandra L McCubbrey
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, and.,2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Thomas Danhorn
- 3 Center for Genes, Environment, and Health.,4 Department of Biomedical Research, and
| | - Sonia M Leach
- 3 Center for Genes, Environment, and Health.,4 Department of Biomedical Research, and
| | - Tasha E Fingerlin
- 3 Center for Genes, Environment, and Health.,4 Department of Biomedical Research, and
| | - Brian P O'Connor
- 3 Center for Genes, Environment, and Health.,4 Department of Biomedical Research, and.,5 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Julie A Reisz
- 6 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- 6 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Donna L Bratton
- 5 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | | | - William J Janssen
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, and.,2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
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27
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Gibbings SL, Thomas SM, Atif SM, McCubbrey AL, Desch AN, Danhorn T, Leach SM, Bratton DL, Henson PM, Janssen WJ, Jakubzick CV. Three Unique Interstitial Macrophages in the Murine Lung at Steady State. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 57:66-76. [PMID: 28257233 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0361oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The current paradigm in macrophage biology is that some tissues mainly contain macrophages from embryonic origin, such as microglia in the brain, whereas other tissues contain postnatal-derived macrophages, such as the gut. However, in the lung and in other organs, such as the skin, there are both embryonic and postnatal-derived macrophages. In this study, we demonstrate in the steady-state lung that the mononuclear phagocyte system is comprised of three newly identified interstitial macrophages (IMs), alveolar macrophages, dendritic cells, and few extravascular monocytes. We focused on similarities and differences between the three IM subtypes, specifically, their phenotype, location, transcriptional signature, phagocytic capacity, turnover, and lack of survival dependency on fractalkine receptor, CX3CR1. Pulmonary IMs were located in the bronchial interstitium but not the alveolar interstitium. At the transcriptional level, all three IMs displayed a macrophage signature and phenotype. All IMs expressed MER proto-oncogene, tyrosine kinase, CD64, CD11b, and CX3CR1, and were further distinguished by differences in cell surface protein expression of CD206, Lyve-1, CD11c, CCR2, and MHC class II, along with the absence of Ly6C, Ly6G, and Siglec F. Most intriguingly, in addition to the lung, similar phenotypic populations of IMs were observed in other nonlymphoid organs, perhaps highlighting conserved functions throughout the body. These findings promote future research to track four distinct pulmonary macrophages and decipher the division of labor that exists between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L Gibbings
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Stacey M Thomas
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Shaikh M Atif
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | | | - A Nicole Desch
- 3 Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Thomas Danhorn
- 4 Integrated Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Sonia M Leach
- 4 Integrated Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Donna L Bratton
- 3 Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Peter M Henson
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.,3 Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - William J Janssen
- 2 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.,5 Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Claudia V Jakubzick
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.,3 Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
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28
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Atif SM, Gibbings S, Torres RM, Kedl R, Jakubzick CV. Natural IgM initiates the immunological cascade against minor antigen-mismatched cells, illustrating the dependency and unique role of APC subtypes. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.146.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In organ transplantation a major obstacle is the immunological response against mismatches of major and minor histocompatibility antigen (Ags). Even when MHC Ags are matched between donor and recipient, minor Ags can elicit graft rejection. To date, it is unclear how endogenous antigen-presenting cells (APCs) recognize, coordinate and induce immunological responses against minor Ag-mismatched cells, particularly in the absence of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). We hypothesized that each APC subtype is dependent on each other to complete an immunological response against mismatches of minor Ags. Using a well-established minor Agmismatch model, we demonstrated that the elimination of any one APC subtype (Batf3+ DCs, Irf4+ DCs, Ly6C+ monocytes or B cells) resulted in a diminished or abolished immune response against minor Ag-mismatches. Specifically, we demonstrated that this immunological response began with the recognition of minor Ag-mismatched cells by natural IgM, which resulted in an immune complex formation. This cellular immune complex was then acquired by MHC II presenting APCs, of which one was MHC II expressing Ly6C+ monocytes. Subsequently, Ly6C+ monocyte induced Ag-specific CD4+ T cells licensed Batf3+ DCs via CD40 to present mismatches of minor antigen to Ag-specific CD8+T cells, which were required for the cytotoxic elimination of minor-Ag mismatched cells. Overall, our in vivo findings suggest a sequential, coordinated immunological event is required for the rejection of minor Ag-mismatched cells.
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29
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Gibbings SL, Thomas SM, Frasch CS, Atif SM, McCubbrey AL, Desch AN, Danhorn T, Leach SM, Bratton DL, Henson PM, Janssen WJ, Jakubzick CV. Three unique interstitial macrophages in the murine lung at steady state. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.209.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Rationale
The current paradigm in macrophage biology is that some tissues mainly contain macrophages from embryonic origin such as microglia in the brain, while other tissues contain postnatal-derived macrophages, such as the gut. However, in the lung and in other organs such as the skin, there are both embryonic and postnatal-derived macrophages.
Objectives
In this study, we demonstrate in the steady-state lung that the mononuclear phagocyte system is comprised of three newly identified interstitial macrophages (IMs), alveolar macrophages (AMs), dendritic cells and few extravascular monocytes.
Methods
We focused on similarities and differences between the three IM subtypes, specifically, their phenotype, location, transcriptional signature, phagocytic capacity, turnover and lack of survival dependency on CX3CR1.
Measurements and Main Results
Pulmonary IMs were located in the bronchial interstitium but not the alveolar interstitium. At the transcriptional level, all three IMs displayed a macrophage signature. All IMs expressed MerTK+CD64+ CD11b+ CX CR1+ and were furthermore distinguished by differences in cell surface protein expression of CD206, Lyve-1, CD11c, CCR2 and MHCII, along with the absence of Ly6C, Ly6G, and Siglec F. Ex vivo analysis revealed that all three IMs were highly phagocytic compared to AMs. Finally, similar phenotypic populations of IMs were present in other non-lymphoid organs, suggesting that these IMs may not be unique to the lung.
Conclusions
These findings promote future research to track four distinct pulmonary macrophages and decipher the division of labor that exists between them.
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30
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Jakubzick CV, Warburton D. Can Alveolar Macrophages Made from Stem Cells Achieve Functional Rescue of Lung Diseases? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193:1187-8. [PMID: 27248582 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201512-2400ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia V Jakubzick
- 1 Department of Pediatrics National Jewish Health Denver, Colorado.,2 Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Colorado Denver, Colorado
| | - David Warburton
- 3 The Saban Research Institute Children's Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles, California and.,4 Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles, California
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31
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Larson SR, Atif SM, Gibbings SL, Thomas SM, Prabagar MG, Danhorn T, Leach SM, Henson PM, Jakubzick CV. Ly6C(+) monocyte efferocytosis and cross-presentation of cell-associated antigens. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:997-1003. [PMID: 26990659 PMCID: PMC4987733 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently it was shown that circulating Ly6C+ monocytes traffic from tissue to the draining lymph nodes (LNs) with minimal alteration in their overall phenotype. Furthermore, in the steady state, Ly6C+ monocytes are as abundant as classical dendritic cells (DCs) within the draining LNs, and even more abundant during inflammation. However, little is known about the functional roles of constitutively trafficking Ly6C+ monocytes. In this study we investigated whether Ly6C+ monocytes can efferocytose (acquire dying cells) and cross-present cell-associated antigen, a functional property particularly attributed to Batf3+ DCs. We demonstrated that Ly6C+ monocytes intrinsically efferocytose and cross-present cell-associated antigen to CD8+ T cells. In addition, efferocytosis was enhanced upon direct activation of the Ly6C+ monocytes through its corresponding TLRs, TLR4 and TLR7. However, only ligation of TLR7, and not TLR4, enhanced cross-presentation by Ly6C+ monocytes. Overall, this study outlines two functional roles, among others, that Ly6C+ monocytes have during an adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Larson
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, CU Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - S M Atif
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - S L Gibbings
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - S M Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - M G Prabagar
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - T Danhorn
- Integrated Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - S M Leach
- Integrated Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - P M Henson
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, CU Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - C V Jakubzick
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, CU Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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32
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Desch AN, Gibbings SL, Goyal R, Kolde R, Bednarek J, Bruno T, Slansky JE, Jacobelli J, Mason R, Ito Y, Messier E, Randolph GJ, Prabagar M, Atif SM, Segura E, Xavier RJ, Bratton DL, Janssen WJ, Henson PM, Jakubzick CV. Flow Cytometric Analysis of Mononuclear Phagocytes in Nondiseased Human Lung and Lung-Draining Lymph Nodes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193:614-26. [PMID: 26551758 PMCID: PMC4824940 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201507-1376oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The pulmonary mononuclear phagocyte system is a critical host defense mechanism composed of macrophages, monocytes, monocyte-derived cells, and dendritic cells. However, our current characterization of these cells is limited because it is derived largely from animal studies and analysis of human mononuclear phagocytes from blood and small tissue resections around tumors. OBJECTIVES Phenotypic and morphologic characterization of mononuclear phagocytes that potentially access inhaled antigens in human lungs. METHODS We acquired and analyzed pulmonary mononuclear phagocytes from fully intact nondiseased human lungs (including the major blood vessels and draining lymph nodes) obtained en bloc from 72 individual donors. Differential labeling of hematopoietic cells via intrabronchial and intravenous administration of antibodies within the same lobe was used to identify extravascular tissue-resident mononuclear phagocytes and exclude cells within the vascular lumen. Multiparameter flow cytometry was used to identify mononuclear phagocyte populations among cells labeled by each route of antibody delivery. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We performed a phenotypic analysis of pulmonary mononuclear phagocytes isolated from whole nondiseased human lungs and lung-draining lymph nodes. Five pulmonary mononuclear phagocytes were observed, including macrophages, monocyte-derived cells, and dendritic cells that were phenotypically distinct from cell populations found in blood. CONCLUSIONS Different mononuclear phagocytes, particularly dendritic cells, were labeled by intravascular and intrabronchial antibody delivery, countering the notion that tissue and blood mononuclear phagocytes are equivalent systems. Phenotypic descriptions of the mononuclear phagocytes in nondiseased lungs provide a precedent for comparative studies in diseased lungs and potential targets for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Nicole Desch
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Rajni Goyal
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Raivo Kolde
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Joe Bednarek
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Tullia Bruno
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Jill E. Slansky
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Jordan Jacobelli
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Robert Mason
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Yoko Ito
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Elise Messier
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Gwendalyn J. Randolph
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Miglena Prabagar
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Shaikh M. Atif
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Elodie Segura
- INSERM U932, Paris, France; and
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Ramnik J. Xavier
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Donna L. Bratton
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - William J. Janssen
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Peter M. Henson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Claudia V. Jakubzick
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
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33
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Atif SM, Nelsen MK, Gibbings SL, Desch AN, Kedl RM, Gill RG, Marrack P, Murphy KM, Grazia TJ, Henson PM, Jakubzick CV. Cutting Edge: Roles for Batf3-Dependent APCs in the Rejection of Minor Histocompatibility Antigen-Mismatched Grafts. J Immunol 2015; 195:46-50. [PMID: 26034174 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In transplantation, a major obstacle for graft acceptance in MHC-matched individuals is the mismatch of minor histocompatibility Ags. Minor histocompatibility Ags are peptides derived from polymorphic proteins that can be presented by APCs on MHC molecules. The APC subtype uniquely responsible for the rejection of minor Ag-mismatched grafts has not yet been identified. In this study, we examined graft rejection in three mouse models: 1) mismatch of male-specific minor Ags, 2) mismatch of minor Ags distinct from male-specific minor Ags, and 3) skin transplant. This study demonstrates that in the absence of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, Batf3-dependent dendritic cells elicit the rejection of cells and grafts expressing mismatched minor Ags. The implication of our findings in clinical transplantation may be significant, as minor Ag reactivity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple allograft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikh M Atif
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Michelle K Nelsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80206
| | | | - A Nicole Desch
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80206
| | - Ross M Kedl
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Ronald G Gill
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Philippa Marrack
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80206; Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Denver, CO 80206; and
| | - Kenneth M Murphy
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Denver, CO 80206; and Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Todd J Grazia
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80206
| | - Peter M Henson
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80206
| | - Claudia V Jakubzick
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80206;
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34
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Kuan EL, Ivanov S, Bridenbaugh EA, Victora G, Wang W, Childs EW, Platt AM, Jakubzick CV, Mason RJ, Gashev AA, Nussenzweig M, Swartz MA, Dustin ML, Zawieja DC, Randolph GJ. Collecting lymphatic vessel permeability facilitates adipose tissue inflammation and distribution of antigen to lymph node-homing adipose tissue dendritic cells. J Immunol 2015; 194:5200-10. [PMID: 25917096 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Collecting lymphatic vessels (CLVs), surrounded by fat and endowed with contractile muscle and valves, transport lymph from tissues after it is absorbed into lymphatic capillaries. CLVs are not known to participate in immune responses. In this study, we observed that the inherent permeability of CLVs allowed broad distribution of lymph components within surrounding fat for uptake by adjacent macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) that actively interacted with CLVs. Endocytosis of lymph-derived Ags by these cells supported recall T cell responses in the fat and also generated Ag-bearing DCs for emigration into adjacent lymph nodes (LNs). Enhanced recruitment of DCs to inflammation-reactive LNs significantly relied on adipose tissue DCs to maintain sufficient numbers of Ag-bearing DCs as the LN expanded. Thus, CLVs coordinate inflammation and immunity within adipose depots and foster the generation of an unexpected pool of APCs for Ag transport into the adjacent LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Kuan
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Graduate Program in Immunology and Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Stoyan Ivanov
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Eric A Bridenbaugh
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504
| | - Gabriel Victora
- Program in Molecular Pathogenesis, Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, The Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504
| | - Ed W Childs
- Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504
| | - Andrew M Platt
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Graduate Program in Immunology and Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | | | - Robert J Mason
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Anatoliy A Gashev
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504
| | - Michel Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065; and
| | - Melody A Swartz
- Institute of Bioengineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Michael L Dustin
- Program in Molecular Pathogenesis, Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, The Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - David C Zawieja
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504
| | - Gwendalyn J Randolph
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Graduate Program in Immunology and Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110;
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35
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Kedl RM, Wysocki LJ, Janssen WJ, Born WK, Rosenbaum MD, Granowski J, Kench JA, Fong DL, Switzer LA, Cruse M, Huang H, Jakubzick CV, Kosmider B, Takeda K, Stranova TJ, Klumm RC, Delgado C, Tummala S, De Langhe S, Cambier J, Haskins K, Lenz LL, Curran-Everett D. General parity between trio and pairwise breeding of laboratory mice in static caging. J Immunol 2015; 193:4757-60. [PMID: 25381356 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Changes made in the 8th edition of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals included new recommendations for the amount of space for breeding female mice. Adopting the new recommendations required, in essence, the elimination of trio breeding practices for all institutions. Both public opinion and published data did not readily support the new recommendations. In response, the National Jewish Health Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee established a program to directly compare the effects of breeding format on mouse pup survival and growth. Our study showed an overall parity between trio and pairwise breeding formats on the survival and growth of the litters, suggesting that the housing recommendations for breeding female mice as stated in the current Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals should be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross M Kedl
- University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80204; and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Derek L Fong
- University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80204; and
| | | | | | - Hua Huang
- National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Cambier
- University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80204; and
| | - Katherine Haskins
- University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80204; and
| | - Laurel L Lenz
- University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80204; and
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Fernandez-Boyanapalli RF, Frasch SC, Thomas SM, Malcolm KC, Nicks M, Harbeck RJ, Jakubzick CV, Nemenoff R, Henson PM, Holland SM, Bratton DL. Pioglitazone restores phagocyte mitochondrial oxidants and bactericidal capacity in chronic granulomatous disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 135:517-527.e12. [PMID: 25498313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficient production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADPH) oxidase in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) results in susceptibility to certain pathogens secondary to impaired oxidative killing and mobilization of other phagocyte defenses. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ agonists, including pioglitazone, approved for type 2 diabetes therapy alter cellular metabolism and can heighten ROS production. It was hypothesized that pioglitazone treatment of gp91(phox-/-) mice, a murine model of human CGD, would enhance phagocyte oxidant production and killing of Staphylococcus aureus, a significant pathogen in patients with this disorder. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether pioglitazone treatment of gp91(phox-/-) mice enhanced phagocyte oxidant production and host defense. METHODS Wild-type and gp91(phox-/-) mice were treated with the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone, and phagocyte ROS and killing of S aureus were investigated. RESULTS As demonstrated by 3 different ROS-sensing probes, short-term treatment of gp91(phox-/-) mice with pioglitazone enhanced stimulated ROS production in neutrophils and monocytes from blood and neutrophils and inflammatory macrophages recruited to tissues. Mitochondria were identified as the source of ROS. Findings were replicated in human monocytes from patients with CGD after ex vivo pioglitazone treatment. Importantly, although mitochondrial (mt)ROS were deficient in gp91(phox-/-) phagocytes, their restoration with treatment significantly enabled killing of S aureus both ex vivo and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Together, the data support the hypothesis that signaling from the NADPH oxidase under normal circumstances governs phagocyte mtROS production and that such signaling is lacking in the absence of a functioning phagocyte oxidase. PPARγ agonism appears to bypass the need for the NADPH oxidase for enhanced mtROS production and partially restores host defense in CGD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stacey M Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | | | - Michael Nicks
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Ronald J Harbeck
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | | | - Raphael Nemenoff
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Denver, Denver, Colo
| | - Peter M Henson
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratories of Clinical Infectious Disease, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Donna L Bratton
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo.
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Abstract
Pulmonary dendritic cells (DCs) constantly sample the tissue and traffic inhaled antigens to the lung-draining lymph node where they normally orchestrate an appropriate immune response. The dynamic ability of these professional antigen-presenting cells to promote tolerance or immunity has been intensively studied by several groups, including ours. Distinct DC subsets in both lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues have been described based on their surface molecule expression and location. Current efforts to unravel DC development and function are providing insight into the various roles each subset offers the immune system. Elucidating DC functions, particularly in the lung, may then allow use of the inherent ability of these cells for enhanced vaccine strategies and therapeutics for pulmonary infections and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nicole Desch
- Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
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Huang Y, Aydintug MK, Loomis J, Macleod MK, McKee AS, Kirchenbaum G, Jakubzick CV, Kedl RM, Sun D, Jacobelli J, O'Brien RL, Born WK. Antigen-specific regulation of IgE antibodies by non-antigen-specific γδ T cells. J Immunol 2012; 190:913-21. [PMID: 23275606 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We re-examined the observation that γδ T cells, when transferred from mice tolerized to an inhaled conventional Ag, suppress the allergic IgE response to this Ag specifically. Using OVA and hen egg lysozyme in crisscross fashion, we confirmed the Ag-specific IgE-regulatory effect of the γδ T cells. Although only Vγ4(+) γδ T cells are regulators, the Ag specificity does not stem from specificity of their γδ TCRs. Instead, the Vγ4(+) γδ T cells failed to respond to either Ag, but rapidly acquired Ag-specific regulatory function in vivo following i.v. injection of non-T cells derived from the spleen of Ag-tolerized mice. This correlated with their in vivo Ag acquisition from i.v. injected Ag-loaded splenic non-T cells, and in vivo transfer of membrane label provided evidence for direct contact between the injected splenic non-T cells and the Vγ4(+) γδ T cells. Together, our data suggest that Ag itself, when acquired by γδ T cells, directs the specificity of their IgE suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Huang
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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Desch AN, Randolph GJ, Murphy K, Gautier EL, Kedl RM, Lahoud MH, Caminschi I, Shortman K, Henson PM, Jakubzick CV. CD103+ pulmonary dendritic cells preferentially acquire and present apoptotic cell-associated antigen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 208:1789-97. [PMID: 21859845 PMCID: PMC3171085 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20110538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
CD103-expressing dendritic cells in the lungs preferentially take up and cross-present antigen from apoptotic cells. Cells undergoing programmed cell death (apoptosis) are removed in situ by macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) through a specialized form of phagocytosis (efferocytosis). In the lung, there are two primary DC subsets with the potential to migrate to the local lymph nodes (LNs) and initiate adaptive immune responses. In this study, we show that only CD103+ DCs were able to acquire and transport apoptotic cells to the draining LNs and cross present apoptotic cell–associated antigen to CD8 T cells. In contrast, both the CD11bhi and the CD103+ DCs were able to ingest and traffic latex beads or soluble antigen. CD103+ DCs selectively exhibited high expression of TLR3, and ligation of this receptor led to enhanced in vivo cytotoxic T cell responses to apoptotic cell–associated antigen. The selective role for CD103+ DCs was confirmed in Batf3−/− mice, which lack this DC subtype. Our findings suggest that CD103+ DCs are the DC subset in the lung that captures and presents apoptotic cell–associated antigen under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions and raise the possibility for more focused immunological targeting to CD8 T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nicole Desch
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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