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Wen H, Feng Z, H. Ge, Quan C, Zhou X, Yang B, Liu F, Wang J, Y. Wang, J. Zhao, Zhou G, Wen X, Liu Y, Zhu X, Wang G, Zhang Y, Li B, Cai S, Zhang Z, Wu X. 603P Multi-cancer early detection in gynaecological malignancies based on integrating multi-omics assays by liquid biopsy: A prospective study. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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2
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Abstract
Local anaesthetics agents (LAA) are used ubiquitously in the medical field and in a wide variety of ways: tissue infiltration, perineural, intra-articular and intravenous. The purpose of this review is to explore the pharmacology of LAAs and to examine the clinical applications for LAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Quan
- University of the Witwatersrand
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3
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Quan C. Two passions, one goal, and a pandemic: the future of medical education in South Africa. South Afr J Anaesth Analg 2020. [DOI: 10.36303/sajaa.2020.26.6.s2.2512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Medical education in South Africa is experiencing two major disruptions: the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the COVID-19 pandemic. I will explore the effects these events have had on our education and possible solutions in the context of our country.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Quan
- University of the Witwatersrand
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4
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Zhangbao BJZ, Zhou L, Wang L, Huang WJ, Zhao CB, Lu JH, Quan C. [Clinical characteristics of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated myelitis]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020; 100:334-338. [PMID: 32074775 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-IgG) associated myelitis in a cohort of Chinese Han adults. Methods: From January 2016 to December 2017, 70 patients with MOG-IgG associated disorders (MOGAD) and 120 patients with aquaporin 4 antibody (AQP4-IgG) positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) visited the NMO/MS clinic or the neurology ward of Huashan Hospital, and the neurophthalmology clinic of Eye and ENT hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University were enrolled. The clinical and paraclinical data of the patients were retrospectively reviewed. The characteristics of MOG-IgG associated myelitis were further clarified. Results: Sixteen of the 70 patients with MOGAD had ever experienced myelitis. The frequency of myelitis was 18.6% at the first attack and 22.9% throughout the disease duration. The onset age of MOG-IgG associated myelitis was 9-57(30±11) years, and the female to male ratio was 0.6∶1. Compared with AQP4-IgG positive myelitis attacks, MOG-IgG associated myelitis attacks were more common to be accompanied by feverish prodromal symptom (30.8%) while less common to exhibit painful tonic (12.5%). Longitudinally extensive myelitis (>3 vertebral segments) was less frequent (56.3%), and short-segment myelitis and multiple short-segment myelitis could also be seen. MRI showed that MOGAD patients had more lower spinal cord lesions (20%), fewer cervical cord lesions (40%) and less transverse lesions (52%). Axial H sign was a distinct feature (36%). MOG-IgG associated myelitis attack also demonstrated a lower EDSS score after treatment. Conclusion: MOG-IgG associated myelitis should be recognized as an important clinical component of MOGAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Z Zhangbao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - L Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - L Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - W J Huang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - C B Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - J H Lu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - C Quan
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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Jing S, Lu J, Song J, Luo S, Zhou L, Quan C, Xi J, Zhao C. P.376Effect of low-dose rituximab treatment on T- and B-cell lymphocyte imbalance in refractory myasthenia gravis. Neuromuscul Disord 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2019.06.538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Quan C. Response to ‘Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated disease: about the importance of diagnostic assays and selection of the target population in retrospective studies’. Eur J Neurol 2019; 26:e60. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.13911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Quan
- Department of Neurology Huashan Hospital Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China
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Quan C. Morphine spinals: ICU or ward? S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2019. [DOI: 10.4102/safp.v61i2.4987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
No abstract available.
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Xiong Y, He A, Quan C. Cryptoanalysis on optical image encryption systems based on the vector decomposition technique in the Fourier domain. Appl Opt 2019; 58:3301-3309. [PMID: 31044810 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.003301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the security of optical cryptosystems based on the vector decomposition technique in the Fourier domain is analyzed. Compared to the conventional cryptosystem based on the equal modulus decomposition (EMD) technique, an additional EMD structure is introduced in the cascaded EMD-based cryptosystem; hence, the mask including the phase information of the Fourier spectrum is further encoded in the second EMD structure to enhance the security level. However, it is shown that the number of the private keys has not been increased in the cascaded EMD-based cryptosystem, which makes it possible to crack the cascaded EMD-based cryptosystem. Therefore, a chosen-plaintext attack (CPA) and a special attack with an arbitrarily given private key are proposed to retrieve information from encoded images obtained by the cascaded EMD-based cryptosystem. In addition, the security of the cryptosystem based on the random modulus decomposition (RMD) technique is also analyzed. Compared to the EMD-based cryptosystem in which the Fourier spectrum is decomposed into two vectors with equal moduli, the security level of the cryptosystem has been improved by using the RMD technique to decompose the spectrum into vectors with unequal moduli to decrease the number of the amplitude constraints. However, it is found that the arbitrarily given ciphertext provides the attackers enough information to retrieve the precise information of the plaintext without any knowledge of the private keys. A special attack is proposed to crack the RMD-based cryptosystem. This is the first time to report that these two cryptosystems based on the vector decomposition technique are attacked successfully. Numerical simulation is conducted to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed attacks.
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Xiong Y, He A, Quan C. Security analysis and enhancement of a cryptosystem based on phase truncation and a designed amplitude modulator. Appl Opt 2019; 58:695-703. [PMID: 30694257 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.000695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the security of a cryptosystem based on phase truncation and a designed amplitude modulator (AM) is evaluated. In the cryptosystem, an undercover AM used as an additional key is added to modulate the amplitude information of the spectrum in the Fourier plane. Compared to the conventional phase-truncated Fourier transform (PTFT)-based cryptosystem, the security of the cryptosystem is improved by increasing the number of unknown keys. However, it is found that the designed AM is irrelative to the plaintext, and one of the parameters in the designed AM contributes less to the security enhancement of the cryptosystem due to low key sensitivity. Based on the analysis, a special attack containing two iterative processes is proposed to crack the cryptosystem, in which the known-plaintext-attack-based iterative process I with a specific normalization operator is used to retrieve the designed AM and the amplitude-phase-retrieval-technique-based iterative process II is used to retrieve the corresponding plaintext from the arbitrarily given ciphertext with the help of the retrieved AM. In addition, an inherent drawback widely existing in PTFT-based cryptosystems is reported for the first time: most information of the original image could be retrieved using two correct phase keys (or only the first phase key) generated in the encryption process, even without the corresponding ciphertext in PTFT-based cryptosystems. To address this issue, a security-enhanced cryptosystem is proposed in this paper. Numerical simulation is carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed attack and cryptosystem.
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Chen M, Quan C, Diao L, Xue F, Xue K, Wang B, Li X, Zhu X, Zheng J, Cao H. Cytokines and chemokines in dermatomyositis. Br J Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chen M, Quan C, Diao L, Xue F, Xue K, Wang B, Li X, Zhu X, Zheng J, Cao H. 皮肌炎的细胞因子和趋化因子. Br J Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Quan C, Li X, Shi RF, Zhao XQ, Xu H, Wang B, Wang XP, Hu WG, Cao H, Zheng J. Recurrent fungal infections in a Chinese patient with CARD9 deficiency and a review of 48 cases. Br J Dermatol 2018; 180:1221-1225. [PMID: 30117151 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency of CARD9 (caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9) has been reported in individuals with recurrent and invasive fungal infections. We report on a patient who first had Trichosporon asahii affecting the skin then Candida albicans infections involving the digestive tract and knee joint, along with elevated serum IgE. After stimulation with C. albicans, peripheral blood mononuclear cells of this patient produced less tumour necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ and interleukin-17 than those of healthy controls. Furthermore, the serum IgE levels of this patient were positively correlated with the severity of fungal infection during the course of treatment. Sanger sequencing identified one homozygous frameshift mutation (p.D274fsX60) in CARD9. We further performed a review including 48 cases with CARD9 deficiency. According to the data published previously, CARD9-deficient patients demonstrated obviously elevated IgE in serum (median 1300 IU mL-1 ), which could distinguish them from otherwise healthy people with fungal infections (area under the curve 0·94, P < 0·001). Patients carrying the mutations Q289X and Q295X had a higher mortality rate (24% vs. 0%, P < 0·05). Patients with the mutations R18W, R35Q, R70W, G72S or Y91H in the CARD domain, and the nonsense mutation Q295X in the coiled-coil domain, seemed to be more prone to Candida infections (90% vs. 20%, P < 0·005) and central nervous system infections (60% vs. 12%, P < 0·005).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Quan
- Laboratory of Dermatoimmunology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Li
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - R-F Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - X-Q Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - H Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Zheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - B Wang
- Laboratory of Dermatoimmunology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - X-P Wang
- Laboratory of Dermatoimmunology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - W-G Hu
- Laboratory of Dermatoimmunology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - H Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Zheng
- Laboratory of Dermatoimmunology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Chen M, Quan C, Diao L, Xue F, Xue K, Wang B, Li X, Zhu X, Zheng J, Cao H. Measurement of cytokines and chemokines and association with clinical severity of dermatomyositis and clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:1334-1341. [PMID: 30101523 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Chen
- Department of Dermatology; Rui Jin Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 200025 Shanghai China
| | - C. Quan
- Department of Dermatology; Rui Jin Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 200025 Shanghai China
| | - L. Diao
- Department of Dermatology; Rui Jin Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 200025 Shanghai China
| | - F. Xue
- Department of Dermatology; Rui Jin Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 200025 Shanghai China
| | - K. Xue
- Department of Dermatology; Rui Jin Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 200025 Shanghai China
| | - B. Wang
- Department of Dermatology; Rui Jin Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 200025 Shanghai China
| | - X. Li
- Department of Dermatology; Rui Jin Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 200025 Shanghai China
| | - X. Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases; Rui Jin Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 200025 Shanghai China
| | - J. Zheng
- Department of Dermatology; Rui Jin Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 200025 Shanghai China
| | - H. Cao
- Department of Dermatology; Rui Jin Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 200025 Shanghai China
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Wang L, ZhangBao J, Zhou L, Zhang Y, Li H, Li Y, Huang Y, Wang M, Lu C, Lu J, Zhao C, Quan C. Encephalitis is an important clinical component of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated demyelination: a single‐center cohort study in Shanghai, China. Eur J Neurol 2018; 26:168-174. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.13790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Wang
- Department of Neurology Huashan Hospital Shanghai Medical College Fudan University ShanghaiChina
| | - J. ZhangBao
- Department of Neurology Huashan Hospital Shanghai Medical College Fudan University ShanghaiChina
| | - L. Zhou
- Department of Neurology Huashan Hospital Shanghai Medical College Fudan University ShanghaiChina
| | - Y. Zhang
- Department of Neurology Huashan Hospital Shanghai Medical College Fudan University ShanghaiChina
| | - H. Li
- Department of Radiology Huashan Hospital Shanghai Medical College Fudan University ShanghaiChina
| | - Y. Li
- Department of Radiology Huashan Hospital Shanghai Medical College Fudan University ShanghaiChina
| | - Y. Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology Eye and ENT Hospital Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - M. Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology Eye and ENT Hospital Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - C. Lu
- Department of Neurology Huashan Hospital Shanghai Medical College Fudan University ShanghaiChina
| | - J. Lu
- Department of Neurology Huashan Hospital Shanghai Medical College Fudan University ShanghaiChina
| | - C. Zhao
- Department of Neurology Huashan Hospital Shanghai Medical College Fudan University ShanghaiChina
| | - C. Quan
- Department of Neurology Huashan Hospital Shanghai Medical College Fudan University ShanghaiChina
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Xiong Y, He A, Quan C. Hybrid attack on an optical cryptosystem based on phase-truncated Fourier transforms and a random amplitude mask. Appl Opt 2018; 57:6010-6016. [PMID: 30118027 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.006010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the security of a cryptosystem based on phase-truncated Fourier transforms (PTFTs) and a random amplitude mask (RAM) is evaluated. In the cryptosystem, fake keys used as encryption keys in the second PTFT-based structure are generated by the first PTFT-based structure in which the RAM is encoded by random phase masks (RPMs) used as public keys. Compared to the classical PTFT-based encryption scheme, the security level of the cryptosystem is improved by using cascaded PTFTs to encode the encryption keys and the plaintext simultaneously. However, it is found that a known plaintext-ciphertext pair can provide enough constraints in the iterative process to retrieve the fake keys, which then can be used to retrieve unknown arbitrary plaintext from the corresponding ciphertext. Based on the analysis, we propose a specific attack based on hybrid iterative processes to break the cryptosystem. Two iterative processes with different constraints are involved in the proposed attack. The first known-plaintext-attack (KPA)-based iterative process is used to retrieve two fake keys with the help of two public keys and a known plaintext-ciphertext pair, while the second amplitude-phase retrieval algorithm-based iterative process with a median filter is employed to retrieve the plaintext from the corresponding ciphertext using two retrieval fake keys. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that the cryptosystem is attacked by the KPA-based iterative algorithm successfully. Numerical simulation results validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed attack.
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Xing Y, Quan C. Reference-plane-based fast pixel-by-pixel absolute phase retrieval for height measurement. Appl Opt 2018; 57:4901-4908. [PMID: 30118108 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.004901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Absolute phase retrieval is essential for height measurement in digital fringe projection. However, projections of additional structured patterns that are normally required for phase unwrapping increase the measurement complexity. In this paper, we propose two reference-plane-based pixel-by-pixel absolute phase retrieval techniques with as few projections as possible, suitable for different object depth ranges. The wrapped phase on the object is absolutely unwrapped by referring just to the absolute phase map on the reference plane. Single-frequency absolute phase retrieval with one-reference-plane-based calibration is first proposed for objects within a height limit that equals a calibrated system constant. To extend the measurement depth range, dual-frequency absolute phase retrieval with two parallel reference planes is further proposed. The additional low frequency is used to choose the unwrapping reference from the two reference plane phases for unwrapping the high-frequency phase. Moreover, the proposed techniques are capable of high-frequency absolute phase unwrapping for objects with step-height surface discontinuities. Experiments have been conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed two techniques.
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Si J, Yang B, Guo R, Huang N, Quan C, Chen J, Wu J. Abstract P3-01-06: Can axillary evaluation be omitted in patients preoperatively diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ by core needle biopsy? Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p3-01-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Patients diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) by core needle biopsy (CNB) have a great chance of upgrading invasive cancer on the final pathology. Positive axillary lymph nodes can be found in these patients. The present study sought to identify clinicopathological factors associated with upgrading and axillary lymph nodes metastasis in patients preoperatively diagnosed with DCIS by CNB.
Materials and Methods
This study identified 604 patients (cT1-3N0M0) with preoperative diagnosis of pure DCIS by CNB who had undergone axillary evaluation from August 2006 to December 2015 at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC). Predictors of upgrading and axillary lymph nodes metastasis were analyzed, respectively.
Results
Of all 604 patients, 513 (84.93%) and 91 (15.07%) patients had undergone sentinel lymph nodes biopsy (SLNB) and axillary lymph nodes dissection (ALND), respectively. Overall, 121 (20.03%) and 193 (31.95%) patients were upgraded to DCIS with microinvasion (DCISM) and IDC on final pathology, respectively. Positive axillary lymph nodes were identified in 41 (6.79%) patients, of which 35 (5.80%) patients had 1-2 positive axillary lymph nodes, 6 (0.99%) patients had 3 or more positive axillary lymph nodes. Among patients with axillary lymph nodes metastasis, 4 (9.76%), 4 (9.76%) and 33 (80.48%) patients were in DCIS, DCISM and IDC group, respectively. Predictors of upgrading included tumor size on ultrasonography (P=0.001), Ki-67 (P=0.046) and molecular subtype (P=0.007) in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, patients with larger tumor size on ultrasonography (>2cm) (OR 1.767, P=0.001) were more likely to be upgraded on final pathology. Also, ER+ HER2+ patients were more likely to be upgraded than ER+ HER2- patients (OR 1.659, P=0.047). Factors associated with axillary lymph nodes metastasis included nipple discharge (P<0.001), tumor size on pathology (P=0.037), number of lesions (P=0.039), axillary evaluation methods (P=0.029) and molecular subtype (P=0.049) in univariate analysis. Whereas, only nipple discharge and larger tumor size on pathology (>2cm) reached statistical significance in multivariate analysis (OR 5.959, P<0.001; OR 2.361, P=0.042). In addition, further analysis showed upgrading on final pathology had a significant influence on axillary lymph nodes status (P<0.001). However, this correlation was not shown between patients with DCIS and DCISM in pairwise comparison.
Conclusion
The data of upgrading and axillary lymph nodes metastasis in patients with an initial diagnosis of DCIS by CNB was comparable in this cohort with published data. Despite of a 51.98% upgrading rate, the rate of axillary lymph nodes metastasis in these patients is low, which supports the omission of axillary evaluation in selected patients.
Citation Format: Si J, Yang B, Guo R, Huang N, Quan C, Chen J, Wu J. Can axillary evaluation be omitted in patients preoperatively diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ by core needle biopsy? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-01-06.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Si
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine
| | - B Yang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine
| | - R Guo
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine
| | - N Huang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine
| | - C Quan
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine
| | - J Chen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine
| | - J Wu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine
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Xiong Y, He A, Quan C. Security analysis of a double-image encryption technique based on an asymmetric algorithm. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2018; 35:320-326. [PMID: 29400881 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.35.000320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we evaluate the security of a double-image encryption technique based on an asymmetric algorithm. Compared with traditional cryptosystems based on a phase-truncated Fourier transform, the technique is able to improve the security of the encryption by combining a joint transform correlator; consequently, the encryption scheme is immune to some common attacks. We propose a special attack based on a phase retrieval algorithm with median filtering and normalization operation to break the cryptosystem. Low key sensitivity of a position parameter set has been found and an additional constraint is utilized to improve the attack to simplify the process and further decrease the computational time. Numerical simulation results show that the cryptosystem is vulnerable to the proposed special attack.
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He A, Deepan B, Quan C. Simplified paraboloid phase model-based phase tracker for demodulation of a single complex fringe. Appl Opt 2017; 56:7217-7224. [PMID: 29047983 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.007217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A regularized phase tracker (RPT) is an effective method for demodulation of single closed-fringe patterns. However, lengthy calculation time, specially designed scanning strategy, and sign-ambiguity problems caused by noise and saddle points reduce its effectiveness, especially for demodulating large and complex fringe patterns. In this paper, a simplified paraboloid phase model-based regularized phase tracker (SPRPT) is proposed. In SPRPT, first and second phase derivatives are pre-determined by the density-direction-combined method and discrete higher-order demodulation algorithm, respectively. Hence, cost function is effectively simplified to reduce the computation time significantly. Moreover, pre-determined phase derivatives improve the robustness of the demodulation of closed, complex fringe patterns. Thus, no specifically designed scanning strategy is needed; nevertheless, it is robust against the sign-ambiguity problem. The paraboloid phase model also assures better accuracy and robustness against noise. Both the simulated and experimental fringe patterns (obtained using electronic speckle pattern interferometry) are used to validate the proposed method, and a comparison of the proposed method with existing RPT methods is carried out. The simulation results show that the proposed method has achieved the highest accuracy with less computational time. The experimental result proves the robustness and the accuracy of the proposed method for demodulation of noisy fringe patterns and its feasibility for static and dynamic applications.
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Leksa N, Chiu PL, Bou-Assaf G, Quan C, Liu Z, Goodman A, Chambers M, Tsutakawa S, Hammel M, Peters R, Walz T, Kulman J. The structural basis for the functional comparability of factor VIII and the long-acting variant recombinant factor VIII Fc fusion protein. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:1167-1179. [PMID: 28397397 PMCID: PMC5500164 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Essentials Recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) Fc fusion protein has a 1.5-fold longer half-life than rFVIII. Five orthogonal methods were used to characterize the structure of rFVIIIFc compared to rFVIII. The C-terminal Fc fusion does not perturb the structure of FVIII in rFVIIIFc. The FVIII and Fc components of rFVIIIFc are flexibly tethered and functionally independent. SUMMARY Background Fusion of the human IgG1 Fc domain to the C-terminal C2 domain of B-domain-deleted (BDD) factor VIII (FVIII) results in the recombinant FVIII Fc (rFVIIIFc) fusion protein, which has a 1.5-fold longer half-life in humans. Objective To assess the structural properties of rFVIIIFc by comparing its constituent FVIII and Fc elements with their respective isolated components, and evaluating their structural independence within rFVIIIFc. Methods rFVIIIFc and its isolated FVIII and Fc components were compared by the use of hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS). The structure of rFVIIIFc was also evaluated by the use of X-ray crystallography, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and electron microscopy (EM). The degree of steric interference by the appended Fc domain was assessed by EM and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Results HDX-MS analysis of rFVIIIFc revealed that fusion caused no structural perturbations in FVIII or Fc. The rFVIIIFc crystal structure showed that the FVIII component is indistinguishable from published BDD FVIII structures. The Fc domain was not observed, indicating high mobility. SAXS analysis was consistent with an ensemble of rigid-body models in which the Fc domain exists in a largely extended orientation relative to FVIII. Binding of Fab fragments of anti-C2 domain antibodies to BDD FVIII was visualized by EM, and the affinities of the corresponding intact antibodies for BDD FVIII and rFVIIIFc were comparable by SPR analysis. Conclusions The FVIII and Fc components of rFVIIIFc are structurally indistinguishable from their isolated constituents, and show a high degree of structural independence, consistent with the functional comparability of rFVIIIFc and unmodified FVIII.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P.-L. Chiu
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Z. Liu
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - M.G. Chambers
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S.E. Tsutakawa
- Molecular Biophysics & Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - M. Hammel
- Molecular Biophysics & Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - T. Walz
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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Chen W, Duan P, Tang S, Huang WT, Quan C, Qi SQ, Yang KD. [Effects of bisphenol A on the expression of N-cadherin, Vimentin and FSHR in rat Sertoli cells]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2017; 35:101-105. [PMID: 28355696 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the effects of BPA on the expression of N-cadherin, Vimentin and FSHR in rat Sertoli cells. Methods: Primary Sertoli cells collected from prepuberty rats (18-21 d) were cultured for 48 h, and then they were treated with 0, 30, 50, 70 μmol/L BPA respectively for 24 h. The methods of MTT, real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting were utilized to measure the cell ability of Sertoli cells, the mRNA and protein expression levels of N-cadherin, Vimentin and FSHR respectively. Results: Compared with control, the cell abilities of Sertoli cells in 50 μmol/L BPA group and 70 μmol/L BPA group increased significantly (P<0.05) . The cell abilities of Sertoli cells decreased with the increases of exposure doses of BPA. Compared with control, the expression of N-cadherin mRNA only increased in 30 μmol/L BPA group (P<0.05) , the expression of Vimentin mRNA decreased significantly in all doses group of BPA (P<0.05) , the expression of FSHR mRNA increased in all doses group of BPA (P<0.05) . Compared with the control, the protein levels of N-cadherin increased significantly in 50 μmol/L BPA group (P<0.05) , the protein levels of Vimentin decreased significantly in all doses group of BPA (P<0.05) , the protein levels of FSHR decreased significantly in 50 μmol/L BPA group and 70 μmol/L BPA group (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The mechanism of testicular toxicity from BPA might be the alterations of N-cadherin, Vimentin and FSHR by disturbing normal spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Quan C, Huang N, Yang B, Zhang Y, Huang X, Chen J, Wu J. Abstract P3-14-06: A single-center report of 125 cases of incidental internal mammary lymph node biopsy in free abdominal flap breast reconstruction. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p3-14-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
The aim of the current study is to determine the clinical value of incidental internal mammary lymph node biopsy in free abdominal flap breast reconstruction using internal mammary as recipient vessels and to investigate the risk factors of internal mammary lymph nodes metastasis.
Methods
The clinical data of all free abdominal flap breast reconstructions using internal mammary as recipient vessels performed from November 2006 to April 2016 in Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were included into the study. The incidence of internal mammary lymph node biopsy and the rate of metastasis were described. The differences between groups were compared using χ2 test. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate risk factors of internal mammary lymph node metastasis.
Results
A total of 125 patients met the inclusion criteria, 89 (71.2%) of whom adopted unilateral immediate breast reconstructions. 64.8% of them were diagnosed with primary invasive breast cancer, while 27.2% were carcinoma in situ. According to AJCC TNM staging system, the percentages of patients with stage 0, I, II, III were 27.2%, 26.4%, 27.2% and 8.0%.
62 (49.6%) patients had internal mammary lymph nodes harvested. 6.4% (4/62) of those who adopted internal mammary lymph nodes biopsies were diagnosed with internal mammary lymph nodes metastasis, all in immediate breast reconstructions. 72 (57.6%) patients cut off costicartilage (the second or third costicartilage) during the exposure of internal mammary vessels. The excision of costicartilage is not associated with the harvest rate of internal mammary lymph node (P>0.05). All of the 4 patients upstaged their TMN stage of tumor after internal mammary lymph node metastasis and adopted adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Up to May 2016, no recurrence or distant metastasis was reported.
In Logistic regression analysis, larger invasive tumor size and axillary lymph node metastasis were found to have correlations with internal mammary lymph node metastasis (larger invasive tumor size: P=0.029; axillary lymph node metastasis: P=0.004), while tumor location or immunohistochemical subtype had no correlations. In addition, axillary lymph node metastasis was proved to be a independent risk factor of internal mammary lymph node metastasis (P=0.036) while tumor size was not.
Conclusions
Internal mammary lymph nodes found incidentally during internal mammary recipient vessel exposure for free flap breast reconstruction could provide surgeons with important information for further treatment. This approach for internal mammary lymph node biopsy revealed an appreciable success rate and should be promoted in clinical practice. The size of invasive tumor and the axillary lymph node metastasis were associated with internal mammary lymph node metastasis.Objective
The aim of the current study is to determine the clinical value of incidental internal mammary lymph node biopsy in free abdominal flap breast reconstruction using internal mammary as recipient vessels and to investigate the risk factors of internal mammary lymph nodes metastasis.
Methods
The clinical data of all free abdominal flap breast reconstructions using internal mammary as recipient vessels performed from November 2006 to April 2016 in Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were included into the study. The incidence of internal mammary lymph node biopsy and the rate of metastasis were described. The differences between groups were compared using χ2 test. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate risk factors of internal mammary lymph node metastasis.
Results
A total of 125 patients met the inclusion criteria, 89 (71.2%) of whom adopted unilateral immediate breast reconstructions. 64.8% of them were diagnosed with primary invasive breast cancer, while 27.2% were carcinoma in situ. According to AJCC TNM staging system, the percentages of patients with stage 0, I, II, III were 27.2%, 26.4%, 27.2% and 8.0%.
62 (49.6%) patients had internal mammary lymph nodes harvested. 6.4% (4/62) of those who adopted internal mammary lymph nodes biopsies were diagnosed with internal mammary lymph nodes metastasis, all in immediate breast reconstructions. 72 (57.6%) patients cut off costicartilage (the second or third costicartilage) during the exposure of internal mammary vessels. The excision of costicartilage is not associated with the harvest rate of internal mammary lymph node (P>0.05). All of the 4 patients upstaged their TMN stage of tumor after internal mammary lymph node metastasis and adopted adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Up to May 2016, no recurrence or distant metastasis was reported.
In Logistic regression analysis, larger invasive tumor size and axillary lymph node metastasis were found to have correlations with internal mammary lymph node metastasis (larger invasive tumor size: P=0.029; axillary lymph node metastasis: P=0.004), while tumor location or immunohistochemical subtype had no correlations. In addition, axillary lymph node metastasis was proved to be a independent risk factor of internal mammary lymph node metastasis (P=0.036) while tumor size was not.
Conclusions
Internal mammary lymph nodes found incidentally during internal mammary recipient vessel exposure for free flap breast reconstruction could provide surgeons with important information for further treatment. This approach for internal mammary lymph node biopsy revealed an appreciable success rate and should be promoted in clinical practice. The size of invasive tumor and the axillary lymph node metastasis were associated with internal mammary lymph node metastasis.
Citation Format: Quan C, Huang N, Yang B, Zhang Y, Huang X, Chen J, Wu J. A single-center report of 125 cases of incidental internal mammary lymph node biopsy in free abdominal flap breast reconstruction [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-14-06.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Quan
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - N Huang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - B Yang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - X Huang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - J Chen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - J Wu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
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Kang H, Li X, Zhou Q, Quan C, Xue F, Zheng J, Yu Y. Exploration of candidate biomarkers for human psoriasis based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry serum metabolomics. Br J Dermatol 2016; 176:713-722. [PMID: 27564527 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Kang
- School of Pharmacy; Fudan University; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - X. Li
- Department of Dermatology; Ruijin Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200025 China
| | - Q. Zhou
- School of Pharmacy; Fudan University; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - C. Quan
- Department of Dermatology; Ruijin Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200025 China
| | - F. Xue
- Department of Dermatology; Ruijin Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200025 China
| | - J. Zheng
- Department of Dermatology; Ruijin Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200025 China
| | - Y. Yu
- School of Pharmacy; Fudan University; Shanghai 201203 China
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Xing Y, Quan C, Tay CJ. Multi-subzone algorithm for absolute phase retrieval in digital fringe projection profilometry. Appl Opt 2016; 55:9774-9781. [PMID: 27958470 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.009774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Codewords are important in encoded absolute phase retrieval techniques such as two-frequency, gray-code, and phase-coding. Each sinusoidal fringe is marked by a unique codeword so that an absolute fringe order can be determined by decoding the codeword. However, due to the limited number of unique codewords, sinusoidal fringe patterns do not contain high-frequency fringes without the use of additional patterns. A multi-subzone coding and decoding algorithm is thus proposed to overcome this limitation. Three multi-subzone coding methods based on two-frequency, gray-code, and phase-coding techniques are presented. The coding creates multiple subzones of unique codewords and the decoding enables it to use non-unique codewords to identify absolute fringe order. Specifically, the range of fringe order is estimated by the use of a wrapped phase map and the absolute fringe order is identified by a codeword. Experimental studies demonstrate the advantages of the proposed algorithm over existing coding methods. The proposed algorithm is suitable to measure objects with large step-height surface discontinuities.
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25
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Deepan B, Quan C, Tay CJ. Quantitative vibration analysis using a single fringe pattern in time-average speckle interferometry. Appl Opt 2016; 55:5876-5883. [PMID: 27505366 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.005876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel technique for quantitative vibration analysis using time-average electronic speckle pattern interferometry is proposed. An amplitude-varied time-average refreshing reference frame method is used to capture a fringe pattern with a better fringe contrast than the conventional reference frame technique. The recorded fringe patterns with improved contrast provide better mode shape visibility and are easier to process. A derivative-based regularized phase tracker model is used to retrieve vibration amplitudes from a single fringe pattern. The method does not require a phase shifter to obtain the mode shape or amplitude. The method provides unwrapped amplitude and amplitude derivatives maps directly, so a separate phase unwrapping process is not required. Experimental work is carried out using a circular aluminum plate test specimen and the results are compared with a finite element method modal analysis. Both experimental and numerical results show that the proposed method is robust and accurate.
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Wertz IE, Newton K, Seshasayee D, Kusam S, Lam C, Zhang J, Popovych N, Helgason E, Schoeffler A, Jeet S, Ramamoorthi N, Kategaya L, Newman RJ, Horikawa K, Dugger D, Sandoval W, Mukund S, Zindal A, Martin F, Quan C, Tom J, Fairbrother WJ, Townsend M, Warming S, DeVoss J, Liu J, Dueber E, Caplazi P, Lee WP, Goodnow CC, Balazs M, Yu K, Kolumam G, Dixit VM. Erratum: Phosphorylation and linear ubiquitin direct A20 inhibition of inflammation. Nature 2016; 532:402. [DOI: 10.1038/nature16541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Wertz IE, Newton K, Seshasayee D, Kusam S, Lam C, Zhang J, Popovych N, Helgason E, Schoeffler A, Jeet S, Ramamoorthi N, Kategaya L, Newman RJ, Horikawa K, Dugger D, Sandoval W, Mukund S, Zindal A, Martin F, Quan C, Tom J, Fairbrother WJ, Townsend M, Warming S, DeVoss J, Liu J, Dueber E, Caplazi P, Lee WP, Goodnow CC, Balazs M, Yu K, Kolumam G, Dixit VM. Phosphorylation and linear ubiquitin direct A20 inhibition of inflammation. Nature 2015; 528:370-5. [PMID: 26649818 DOI: 10.1038/nature16165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inactivation of the TNFAIP3 gene, encoding the A20 protein, is associated with critical inflammatory diseases including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. However, the role of A20 in attenuating inflammatory signalling is unclear owing to paradoxical in vitro and in vivo findings. Here we utilize genetically engineered mice bearing mutations in the A20 ovarian tumour (OTU)-type deubiquitinase domain or in the zinc finger-4 (ZnF4) ubiquitin-binding motif to investigate these discrepancies. We find that phosphorylation of A20 promotes cleavage of Lys63-linked polyubiquitin chains by the OTU domain and enhances ZnF4-mediated substrate ubiquitination. Additionally, levels of linear ubiquitination dictate whether A20-deficient cells die in response to tumour necrosis factor. Mechanistically, linear ubiquitin chains preserve the architecture of the TNFR1 signalling complex by blocking A20-mediated disassembly of Lys63-linked polyubiquitin scaffolds. Collectively, our studies reveal molecular mechanisms whereby A20 deubiquitinase activity and ubiquitin binding, linear ubiquitination, and cellular kinases cooperate to regulate inflammation and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid E Wertz
- Discovery Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.,Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Kim Newton
- Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Dhaya Seshasayee
- Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Saritha Kusam
- Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Cynthia Lam
- Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Juan Zhang
- Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Nataliya Popovych
- Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Elizabeth Helgason
- Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Allyn Schoeffler
- Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Surinder Jeet
- Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | | | - Lorna Kategaya
- Discovery Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.,Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Robert J Newman
- Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Keisuke Horikawa
- Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Debra Dugger
- Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Wendy Sandoval
- Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Susmith Mukund
- Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Anuradha Zindal
- Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Flavius Martin
- Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Clifford Quan
- Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Jeffrey Tom
- Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Wayne J Fairbrother
- Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Michael Townsend
- Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Søren Warming
- Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Jason DeVoss
- Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- Bioinformatics, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Erin Dueber
- Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Patrick Caplazi
- Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Wyne P Lee
- Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Christopher C Goodnow
- Immunogenomics Laboratory, Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mercedesz Balazs
- Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Kebing Yu
- Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Ganesh Kolumam
- Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Vishva M Dixit
- Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
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Zhang C, Zhu KJ, Liu JL, Xu GX, Liu W, Jiang FX, Zheng HF, Quan C. Omentin-1 plasma levels and omentin-1 expression are decreased in psoriatic lesions of psoriasis patients. Arch Dermatol Res 2015; 307:455-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-015-1549-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zhang C, Zhu KJ, Liu H, Quan C, Liu Z, Li SJ, Zhu CY, Li KS, Fan YM. TheTNFAIP3polymorphism rs610604 both associates with the risk of psoriasis vulgaris and affects the clinical severity. Clin Exp Dermatol 2014; 40:426-30. [PMID: 25496073 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Zhang
- Department of Dermatology; Anhui Provincial Hospital; Hefei Anhui China
| | - K.-J. Zhu
- Department of Dermatology; Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College; Zhanjiang Guangdong China
| | - H. Liu
- Department of Dermatology; Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College; Zhanjiang Guangdong China
| | - C. Quan
- Department of Dermatology; Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Z. Liu
- Department of Dermatology; Anhui Provincial Hospital; Hefei Anhui China
| | - S.-J. Li
- Department of Dermatology; Anhui Provincial Hospital; Hefei Anhui China
| | - C.-Y. Zhu
- Department of Dermatology; Anhui Provincial Hospital; Hefei Anhui China
| | - K.-S. Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases; Guangdong Medical College; Zhanjiang Guangdong China
| | - Y.-M. Fan
- Department of Dermatology; Anhui Provincial Hospital; Hefei Anhui China
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Deepan B, Quan C, Wang Y, Tay CJ. Multiple-image encryption by space multiplexing based on compressive sensing and the double-random phase-encoding technique. Appl Opt 2014; 53:4539-4547. [PMID: 25090076 DOI: 10.1364/ao.53.004539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a new multiple-image encryption and decryption technique that utilizes the compressive sensing (CS) concept along with a double-random phase encryption (DRPE) has been proposed. The space multiplexing method is employed for integrating multiple-image data. The method, which results in a nonlinear encryption system, is able to overcome the vulnerability of classical DRPE. The CS technique and space multiplexing are able to provide additional key space in the proposed method. A numerical experiment of the proposed method is implemented and the results show that the proposed method has good accuracy and is more robust than classical DRPE. The proposed system is also employed against chosen-plaintext attacks and it is found that the inclusion of compressive sensing enhances robustness against the attacks.
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Landgraf KE, Steffek M, Quan C, Tom J, Yu C, Santell L, Maun HR, Eigenbrot C, Lazarus RA. An allosteric switch for pro-HGF/Met signaling using zymogen activator peptides. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 10:567-73. [DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Zhang Y, Eigenbrot C, Zhou L, Shia S, Li W, Quan C, Tom J, Moran P, Di Lello P, Skelton NJ, Kong-Beltran M, Peterson A, Kirchhofer D. Identification of a small peptide that inhibits PCSK9 protein binding to the low density lipoprotein receptor. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:942-55. [PMID: 24225950 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.514067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) is a negative regulator of the hepatic LDL receptor, and clinical studies with PCSK9-inhibiting antibodies have demonstrated strong LDL-c-lowering effects. Here we screened phage-displayed peptide libraries and identified the 13-amino acid linear peptide Pep2-8 as the smallest PCSK9 inhibitor with a clearly defined mechanism of inhibition that has been described. Pep2-8 bound to PCSK9 with a KD of 0.7 μm but did not bind to other proprotein convertases. It fully restored LDL receptor surface levels and LDL particle uptake in PCSK9-treated HepG2 cells. The crystal structure of Pep2-8 bound to C-terminally truncated PCSK9 at 1.85 Å resolution showed that the peptide adopted a strand-turn-helix conformation, which is remarkably similar to its solution structure determined by NMR. Consistent with the functional binding site identified by an Ala scan of PCSK9, the structural Pep2-8 contact region of about 400 Å(2) largely overlapped with that contacted by the EGF(A) domain of the LDL receptor, suggesting a competitive inhibition mechanism. Consistent with this, Pep2-8 inhibited LDL receptor and EGF(A) domain binding to PCSK9 with IC50 values of 0.8 and 0.4 μm, respectively. Remarkably, Pep2-8 mimicked secondary structural elements of the EGF(A) domain that interact with PCSK9, notably the β-strand and a discontinuous short α-helix, and it engaged in the same β-sheet hydrogen bonds as EGF(A) does. Although Pep2-8 itself may not be amenable to therapeutic applications, this study demonstrates the feasibility of developing peptidic inhibitors to functionally relevant sites on PCSK9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Zhang
- From the Departments of Early Discovery Biochemistry
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Stanger K, Steffek M, Zhou L, Pozniak CD, Quan C, Franke Y, Tom J, Tam C, Elliott JM, Lewcock JW, Zhang Y, Murray J, Hannoush RN. Erratum: Corrigendum: Allosteric peptides bind a caspase zymogen and mediate caspase tetramerization. Nat Chem Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1038/nchembio-0613-466b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Quan C. Regional anaesthesia: the A, B and Cs. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/20786204.2013.10874361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Okamoto T, Zobel K, Fedorova A, Quan C, Yang H, Fairbrother WJ, Huang DCS, Smith BJ, Deshayes K, Czabotar PE. Stabilizing the pro-apoptotic BimBH3 helix (BimSAHB) does not necessarily enhance affinity or biological activity. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:297-302. [PMID: 23151250 DOI: 10.1021/cb3005403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An attractive approach for developing therapeutic peptides is to enhance binding to their targets by stabilizing their α-helical conformation, for example, stabilized BimBH3 peptides (BimSAHB) designed to induce apoptosis. Unexpectedly, we found that such modified peptides have reduced affinity for their targets, the pro-survival Bcl-2 proteins. We attribute this loss in affinity to disruption of a network of stabilizing intramolecular interactions present in the bound state of the native peptide. Altering this network may compromise binding affinity, as in the case of the BimBH3 stapled peptide studied here. Moreover, cells exposed to these peptides do not readily undergo apoptosis, strongly indicating that BimSAHB is not inherently cell permeable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Okamoto
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade,
Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010,
Australia
| | - Kerry Zobel
- Departments of
Early Discovery
Biochemistry and Protein Engineering, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Anna Fedorova
- Departments of
Early Discovery
Biochemistry and Protein Engineering, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Clifford Quan
- Departments of
Early Discovery
Biochemistry and Protein Engineering, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hong Yang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade,
Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010,
Australia
| | - Wayne J. Fairbrother
- Departments of
Early Discovery
Biochemistry and Protein Engineering, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - David C. S. Huang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade,
Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010,
Australia
| | - Brian J. Smith
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade,
Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010,
Australia
- Department of Chemistry, La
Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Kurt Deshayes
- Departments of
Early Discovery
Biochemistry and Protein Engineering, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Peter E. Czabotar
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade,
Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010,
Australia
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Liu C, Wang C, Yan M, Quan C, Zhou J, Yang K. PCB153 disrupts thyroid hormone homeostasis by affecting its biosynthesis, biotransformation, feedback regulation, and metabolism. Horm Metab Res 2012; 44:662-9. [PMID: 22517553 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1311569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PCB153, one of the 3 dominant congeners in the food chain, causes the disruption of the endocrine system in humans and animals. In order to elucidate the effects of PCB153 on the biosynthesis, biotransformation, regulation, metabolism, and transport of thyroid hormones (THs), Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were dosed with PCB153 intraperitoneally (i.p.) at 0, 4, 16 and 32 mg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days and sacrificed 24 h after the last dose. Results showed that after treatment with PCB153, serum total thyroxine (TT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) decreased, whereas serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration did not alter. The serum sodium iodide symporter (NIS), thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and thyroglobulin (Tg) levels decreased. The mRNA expressions of type 2 and 3 deiodinases (D2 and D3) reduced, but the type 1 deiodinase (D1) showed no significant change. The TSH receptor (TSHr) and TRH receptor (TRHr) levels declined. PCB153 induced hepatic enzymes, and the UDPGTs, CYP2B1, and CYP3A1 mRNA levels were significantly elevated. Taken together, the observed results from the present study indicated that PCB153 disrupted thyroid hormone homeostasis through influencing synthesis-associated proteins (NIS, TPO and Tg), deiodinases, receptors (TSHr and TRHr), and hepatic enzymes, and the decrease of D3 expression might be the compensatory response of body.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Liu
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
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Zhang Y, Zhou L, Kong-Beltran M, Li W, Moran P, Wang J, Quan C, Tom J, Kolumam G, Elliott JM, Skelton NJ, Peterson AS, Kirchhofer D. Calcium-independent inhibition of PCSK9 by affinity-improved variants of the LDL receptor EGF(A) domain. J Mol Biol 2012; 422:685-696. [PMID: 22728257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2012.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
LDL (low-density lipoprotein) receptor (LDLR) binds to its negative regulator proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) through the first EGF (epidermal growth factor-like) domain [EGF(A)]. The isolated EGF(A) domain is a poor antagonist due to its low affinity for PCSK9. To improve binding affinity, we used a phage display approach by randomizing seven PCSK9 contact residues of EGF(A), including the Ca(2+)-coordinating Asp310. The library was panned in Ca(2+)-free solution, and 26 unique clones that bind to PCSK9 were identified. Four selected variants demonstrated improved inhibitory activities in a PCSK9-LDLR competition binding ELISA. The Fc fusion protein of variant EGF66 bound to PCSK9 with a K(d) value of 71 nM versus 935 nM of wild type [EGF(A)-Fc] and showed significantly improved potency in inhibiting LDLR degradation in vitro and in vivo. The five mutations in EGF66 could be modeled in the EGF(A) structure without perturbation of the EGF domain fold, and their contribution to affinity improvement could be rationalized. The most intriguing change was the substitution of the Ca(2+)-coordinating Asp310 by a Lys residue, whose side-chain amine may have functionally replaced Ca(2+). EGF66-Fc and other EGF variants having the Asp310Lys change bound to PCSK9 in a Ca(2+)-independent fashion. The findings indicate that randomization of an important Ca(2+)-chelating residue in conjunction with "selection pressure" applied by Ca(2+)-free phage selection conditions can yield variants with an alternatively stabilized Ca(2+) loop and with increased binding affinities. This approach may provide a new paradigm for the use of diversity libraries to improve affinities of members of the Ca(2+)-binding EGF domain subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Zhang
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Lijuan Zhou
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Monica Kong-Beltran
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Paul Moran
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jianyong Wang
- Department of Assay Automation Technology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Clifford Quan
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jeffrey Tom
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ganesh Kolumam
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - J Michael Elliott
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nicholas J Skelton
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Andrew S Peterson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Daniel Kirchhofer
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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Eigenbrot C, Ultsch M, Lipari MT, Moran P, Lin SJ, Ganesan R, Quan C, Tom J, Sandoval W, van Lookeren Campagne M, Kirchhofer D. Structural and functional analysis of HtrA1 and its subdomains. Structure 2012; 20:1040-50. [PMID: 22578544 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2012.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The homotrimeric human serine protease HtrA1 is homologous to bacterial HtrA proteases regarding the trypsin-like catalytic and PDZ domains but differs by the presence of an N-terminal domain with IGFBP and Kazal homology. The crystal structures and SAXS analysis presented herein reveal the rare tandem of IGFBP- and Kazal-like modules, a protease active site that adopts a competent conformation in the absence of substrate or inhibitor and a model for the intact protein in solution. Highly sensitive enzymatic assays and binding studies demonstrate that the N-terminal tandem has no apparent effect on protease activity, and in accordance with the structure-based predictions, neither the IGFBP- nor Kazal-like module retains the function of their prototype proteins. Our structures of the unliganded HtrA1 active site suggest two-state equilibrium and a "conformational selection" model, in which substrate binds to the active conformer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Eigenbrot
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Flygare JA, Beresini M, Budha N, Chan H, Chan IT, Cheeti S, Cohen F, Deshayes K, Doerner K, Eckhardt SG, Elliott LO, Feng B, Franklin MC, Reisner SF, Gazzard L, Halladay J, Hymowitz SG, La H, LoRusso P, Maurer B, Murray L, Plise E, Quan C, Stephan JP, Young SG, Tom J, Tsui V, Um J, Varfolomeev E, Vucic D, Wagner AJ, Wallweber HJA, Wang L, Ware J, Wen Z, Wong H, Wong JM, Wong M, Wong S, Yu R, Zobel K, Fairbrother WJ. Discovery of a potent small-molecule antagonist of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins and clinical candidate for the treatment of cancer (GDC-0152). J Med Chem 2012; 55:4101-13. [PMID: 22413863 DOI: 10.1021/jm300060k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of compounds were designed and synthesized as antagonists of cIAP1/2, ML-IAP, and XIAP based on the N-terminus, AVPI, of mature Smac. Compound 1 (GDC-0152) has the best profile of these compounds; it binds to the XIAP BIR3 domain, the BIR domain of ML-IAP, and the BIR3 domains of cIAP1 and cIAP2 with K(i) values of 28, 14, 17, and 43 nM, respectively. These compounds promote degradation of cIAP1, induce activation of caspase-3/7, and lead to decreased viability of breast cancer cells without affecting normal mammary epithelial cells. Compound 1 inhibits tumor growth when dosed orally in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenograft model. Compound 1 was advanced to human clinical trials, and it exhibited linear pharmacokinetics over the dose range (0.049 to 1.48 mg/kg) tested. Mean plasma clearance in humans was 9 ± 3 mL/min/kg, and the volume of distribution was 0.6 ± 0.2 L/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Flygare
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.
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Lin H, Quan C, Guo C, Zhou C, Wang Y, Bao B. Translation and validation of the Chinese version of the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire. Eur J Orthod 2011; 35:354-60. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjr136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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41
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Ming L, Ying Y, Quan C, Jianguo J, Lei Z, Yunzeng Z, Junbo G. Simvastatin suppressed HMGB1-RAGE axis and atherosclerosis via mevalonate pathway. Heart 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300867.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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42
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Landgraf KE, Santell L, Billeci KL, Quan C, Young JC, Maun HR, Kirchhofer D, Lazarus RA. Allosteric peptide activators of pro-hepatocyte growth factor stimulate Met signaling. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:40362-72. [PMID: 20937841 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.179721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) binds to its target receptor tyrosine kinase, Met, as a single-chain form (pro-HGF) or as a cleaved two-chain disulfide-linked α/β-heterodimer. However, only two-chain HGF stimulates Met signaling. Proteolytic cleavage of the Arg(494)-Val(495) peptide bond in the zymogen-like pro-HGF results in allosteric activation of the serine protease-like β-chain (HGF β), which binds Met to initiate signaling. We use insights from the canonical trypsin-like serine protease activation mechanism to show that isolated peptides corresponding to the first 7-10 residues of the cleaved N terminus of the β-chain stimulate Met phosphorylation by pro-HGF to levels that are ∼25% of those stimulated by two-chain HGF. Biolayer interferometry data demonstrate that peptide VVNGIPTR (peptide V8) allosterically enhances pro-HGF β binding to Met, resulting in a K(D)(app) of 1.6 μm, only 8-fold weaker than the Met/HGF β-chain affinity. Most notably, in vitro cell stimulation with peptide V8 in the presence of pro-HGF leads to Akt phosphorylation, enhances cell survival, and facilitates cell migration between 75 and 100% of that found with two-chain HGF, thus revealing a novel approach for activation of Met signaling that bypasses proteolytic processing of pro-HGF. Peptide V8 is unable to enhance Met binding or signaling with HGF proteins having a mutated activation pocket (D672N). Furthermore, Gly substitution of the N-terminal Val residue in peptide V8 results in loss of all activity. Overall, these findings identify the activation pocket of the serine protease-like β-chain as a "hot spot" for allosteric regulation of pro-HGF and have broad implications for developing selective allosteric activators of serine proteases and pseudoproteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle E Landgraf
- Department of Protein Engineering, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
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43
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He CF, Liu YS, Cheng YL, Gao JP, Pan TM, Han JW, Quan C, Sun LD, Zheng HF, Zuo XB, Xu SX, Sheng YJ, Yao S, Hu WL, Li Y, Yu ZY, Yin XY, Zhang XJ, Cui Y, Yang S. TNIP1, SLC15A4, ETS1, RasGRP3 and IKZF1 are associated with clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus in a Chinese Han population. Lupus 2010; 19:1181-6. [PMID: 20516000 DOI: 10.1177/0961203310367918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with heterogeneous clinical manifestations influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Five novel susceptibility genes (TNIP1, SLC15A4, ETS1, RasGRP3 and IKZF1) for SLE have been identified in a recent genome-wide association study of a Chinese Han population. This study investigated their relationships with disease subphenotypes, including renal nephritis, photosensitivity, antinuclear antibody (ANA), age at diagnosis, malar rash, discoid rash, immunological disorder, oral ulcer, hematological disorder, neurological disorder, serositis, arthritis and vasculitis. Significant associations were found for the single nucleotide polymorphism rs10036748 of TNIP1 with photosensitivity (odds ratio (OR) = 0.87, p = 0.01) and vasculitis (OR = 1.18, p = 0.04); rs10847697 of SLC15A4 with discoid rash (OR = 1.18, p = 0.02); rs6590330 of ETS1 with SLE of age at diagnosis <20 years (OR = 1.24, p = 8.91 x 10(-5)); rs13385731 of RasGRP3 with malar rash (OR = 1.20, p = 0.01), discoid rash (OR = 0.78, p = 0.02) and ANA (OR = 0.72, p = 0.004); rs4917014 of IKZF1 with renal nephritis (OR = 1.13, p = 0.02) and malar rash (OR = 0.83, p = 0.00038), respectively. The study suggested that these susceptibility genes might not only play important roles in the development of SLE, but also contribute to the complex phenotypes of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-F He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
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Bhaduri B, Tay CJ, Quan C, Sheppard CJR. Motion detection using extended fractional Fourier transform and digital speckle photography. Opt Express 2010; 18:11396-11405. [PMID: 20589000 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.011396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Digital speckle photography is a useful tool for measuring the motion of optically rough surfaces from the speckle shift that takes place at the recording plane. A simple correlation based digital speckle photographic system has been proposed that implements two simultaneous optical extended fractional Fourier transforms (EFRTs) of different orders using only a single lens and detector to simultaneously detect both the magnitude and direction of translation and tilt by capturing only two frames: one before and another after the object motion. The dynamic range and sensitivity of the measurement can be varied readily by altering the position of the mirror/s used in the optical setup. Theoretical analysis and experiment results are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basanta Bhaduri
- 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore
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Tang HY, Du WD, Cui Y, Fan X, Quan C, Fang QY, Zhou FS, Yao FM, Wang JF, Yang S, Zhang X. One novel and two recurrent mutations in the keratin 5 gene identified in Chinese patients with epidermolysis bullosa simplex. Clin Exp Dermatol 2010; 34:e957-61. [PMID: 20055872 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2009.03703.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a group of inherited skin diseases, characterized by the formation of intraepidermal blisters. We performed genetic analysis of the keratin 5 (KRT5) gene in two Chinese pedigrees. One novel missense mutation was identified in a patient with sporadic EBS (general, non-Dowling-Meara). Sequence analysis showed a heterozygous T > A transition at nucleotide 1730 of KRT5, changing phenylalanine (Phe) to tyrosine (Tyr) at position 577 of the keratin 5 (K5). In addition, two recurrent mutations c.1649delG (p.Gly550AlafsX77) and c.508G > (p.Glu170Lys) in KRT5 were identified in Chinese patients with mottled pigmentation EBS and localized EBS, respectively. None of the mutations were found in any unaffected family members or in an additional 100 unrelated control samples. These results suggest that these mutations are pathogenic and might be one of the potential causes of EBS in these Chinese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Tang
- Institute of Dermatology & Department of Dermatology at First Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
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46
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Lin S, Jin Y, Fu L, Quan C, Yang YS. Microbial community variation and functions to excess sludge reduction in a novel gravel contact oxidation reactor. J Hazard Mater 2009; 165:1083-1090. [PMID: 19070427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.10.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2008] [Revised: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Excess biomass produced within the degradation processes of organic pollutants is creating environmental challenges. The gravel contact oxidation reactor (GCOR) filled with crushed stone globular aggregates as carriers, has been demonstrated capable of reducing the excess sludge effectively in some pilot and small-scale engineering studies. In order to evaluate the variation and structure of the microbial community and their functions to excess sludge reduction in GCOR, a conventional activated sludge reactor (ASR) was studied as a comparison. The 16S rDNA library of the universal bacteria was constructed, Shannon's diversity index (H) and Species evenness (E) were calculated with distance-based operational taxonomic unit and richness (DOTUR) for microbial diversity. Real-time quantity PCR and optical microscope were used for absolute bacterial DNA concentration and eukarya identification, respectively. Meanwhile, the suspended solid index in GCOR and ASR was detected for assessing the excess sludge production. The results indicated that the most abundant bacteria in GCOR were those related to the beta-Proteobacteria group, then gamma-Proteobacteria and to Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteriode (CFB). In the ASR samples major bacteria were in the closest match with gamma-Proteobacteria, then beta-Proteobacteria and CFB. Shannon's index (H) was higher (3.41) for diversity of bacteria extracted from the carrier samples in GCOR than that (2.71) from the sludge sample in ASR. Species evenness (E) for the isolates from GCOR and ASR samples was 0.97 and 0.96, respectively. Comparison of the universal bacteria population in GCOR and ASR shows that the total bacterial DNA concentration on the GCOR carriers were 8.98 x 10(5) microg/ microl, twice that in ASR of 4.67 x 10(5) microg/ microl under normal operation of two reactors. But the MLSS in GCOR was only 4.5mg/L, 25 times less than that in ASR of 115.4 mg/L. The most representative eukarya were protozoa both in GCOR (15 no. per 20 ml) and in ASR (15 no. per 20 ml); the next abundant group was attachment plants 10 no. per 20 ml in GCOR and 4 no. per 20 ml in ASR, respectively. Rotifers and copepoda belonging to metazoan were only present in GCOR (8 no. per 20 ml for both rotifers and copepoda). The microbial diversity and population difference both in the GCOR carriers and ASR sludge indicated that the diverse microbes, a large amount of biomass forming longer microbial food chains attached on the carriers may be the main functions for the excess sludge reduction in GCOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Lin
- School of Urban and Environmental Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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47
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Lv YM, Yang S, Zhang Z, Cui Y, Quan C, Zhou FS, Fang QY, Du WH, Zhang FR, Chang JM, Tao XP, Zhang AL, Kang RH, Du WD, Zhang XJ. Novel and recurrent keratin 6A (KRT6A) mutations in Chinese patients with pachyonychia congenita type 1. Br J Dermatol 2009; 160:1327-9. [PMID: 19416275 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09062.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y M Lv
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at the First Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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48
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Tam EM, Runyon ST, Santell L, Quan C, Yao X, Kirchhofer D, Skelton NJ, Lazarus RA. Noncompetitive inhibition of hepatocyte growth factor-dependent Met signaling by a phage-derived peptide. J Mol Biol 2008; 385:79-90. [PMID: 18973760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.09.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Revised: 09/12/2008] [Accepted: 09/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced signaling via its receptor tyrosine kinase Met results in tumor progression and metastasis. To initiate signaling, pro-HGF must be proteolytically activated to reveal a secondary Met binding site within the serine protease-like beta-chain of HGF. Although HGF/Met is a large complex, we sought to discover relatively small antagonists that might interfere with this critical Met binding region. Pools of disulfide-constrained random peptide libraries displayed on phage were selected for binding to HGF, ultimately resulting in a disulfide-constrained 15-mer peptide (VNWVCFRDVGCDWVL) termed HB10, which bound to the recombinant human HGF beta-chain (HGF beta) and competitively inhibited binding to Met with an IC(50) of 450 nM. In MDA-MB435 cells, HB10 reduced HGF-dependent Met phosphorylation by 70%, and phosphorylation of downstream kinases AKT and ERK1/ERK2 by 74% and 69%, respectively. Addition of HB10 also inhibited HGF-dependent migration of these cells with an IC(50) of approximately 20 microM. The 2D (1)H-NMR structure of HB10 revealed a beta-hairpin loop stabilized by the disulfide bond and cross-strand pairing of Trp3 and Trp13. HGF beta mutants deficient in Met binding also have reduced HB10 binding, suggesting an overlapping binding site. Notably HB10 did not inhibit full length HGF binding to Met. Thus steric hindrance of the interaction between HGF beta domain binding to Met is sufficient for inhibiting full-length HGF-dependent Met signaling and cell migration that is consistent with a noncompetitive inhibitory mechanism of Met signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Tam
- Department of Protein Engineering, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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49
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Zhang H, Quan C, Sun LD, Lv HL, Gao M, Zhou FS, Xiao FL, Fang QY, Shen YJ, Zhou L, Yang S, Zhang XJ. A novel frameshift mutation of the EDA1 gene in a Chinese Han family with X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Clin Exp Dermatol 2008; 34:74-6. [PMID: 18702659 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2008.02844.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a rare skin disease characterized by hypotrichosis, hypodontia and hypohidrosis. HED can be autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or X-linked. However, X-linked HED (XLHED; OMIM 305100) is the most common form. Mutations within the EDA1 gene, which encodes ectodysplasin-A, are responsible for XLHED. In this study, we investigated the EDA1 gene in a Chinese Han family with XLHED, and found a novel 1-bp deletion mutation (c.952delG) in exon 9 of the EDA1 gene, which results in a frameshift and premature termination codon. This result suggests that the c.952delG mutation of the EDA1 gene is likely to be the disease-causing mutation for XLHED in this family. Our study adds new data to the worldwide knowledge of the molecular basis of XLHED.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, No 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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50
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Abstract
Numerous studies implicate the prolyl peptidase, fibroblast activation protein (FAP) in tumorigenesis; however, FAP-selective inhibitors have not yet been developed to fully validate FAP as a therapeutic target. Herein, we review recent efforts aimed at validating and inhibiting FAP for cancer therapy and highlight future directions for successful targeting of this prolyl peptidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beni B Wolf
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Protein Engineering and Medicinal Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way-MS42, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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