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Ahmed FZ, Sammut-Powell C, Martin GP, Callan P, Cunnington C, Kahn M, Kale M, Weldon T, Harwood R, Fullwood C, Gerritse B, Lanctin D, Soken N, Campbell NG, Taylor JK. Association of a device-based remote management heart failure pathway with outcomes: TriageHF Plus real-world evaluation. ESC Heart Fail 2024. [PMID: 38712903 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Clinical pathways have been shown to improve outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF). Although patients with HF often have a cardiac implantable electronic device, few studies have reported the utility of device-derived risk scores to augment and organize care. TriageHF Plus is a device-based HF clinical pathway (DHFP) that uses remote monitoring alerts to trigger structured telephone assessment for HF stability and optimization. We aimed to evaluate the impact of TriageHF Plus on hospitalizations and describe the associated workforce burden. METHODS AND RESULTS TriageHF Plus was a multi-site, prospective study that compared outcomes for patients recruited between April 2019 and February 2021. All alert-triggered assessments were analysed to determine the appropriateness of the alert and the workload burden. A negative-binomial regression with inverse probability treatment weighting using a time-matched usual care cohort was applied to estimate the effect of TriageHF Plus on non-elective hospitalizations. A post hoc pre-COVID-19 sensitivity analysis was also performed. The TriageHF Plus cohort (n = 443) had a mean age of 68.8 ± 11.2 years, 77% male (usual care cohort: n = 315, mean age of 66.2 ± 14.5 years, 65% male). In the TriageHF Plus cohort, an acute medical issue was identified following an alert in 79/182 (43%) cases. Fifty assessments indicated acute HF, requiring clinical action in 44 cases. At 30 day follow-up, 39/66 (59%) of initially symptomatic patients reported improvement, and 20 (19%) initially asymptomatic patients had developed new symptoms. On average, each assessment took 10 min. The TriageHF Plus group had a 58% lower rate of hospitalizations across full follow-up [incidence relative ratio: 0.42, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.23-0.76, P = 0.004]. Across the pre-COVID-19 window, hospitalizations were 31% lower (0.69, 95% CI: 0.46-1.04, P = 0.077). CONCLUSIONS These data represent the largest real-world evaluation of a DHFP based on multi-parametric risk stratification. The TriageHF Plus clinical pathway was associated with an improvement in HF symptoms and reduced all-cause hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fozia Zahir Ahmed
- Department of Cardiology, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Camilla Sammut-Powell
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Glen P Martin
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul Callan
- Department of Cardiology, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Colin Cunnington
- Department of Cardiology, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthew Kahn
- Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mita Kale
- Department of Cardiology, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Toni Weldon
- Department of Cardiology, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachel Harwood
- Statistics Department, Research and Innovation, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Centre for Biostatistics, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Catherine Fullwood
- Statistics Department, Research and Innovation, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Centre for Biostatistics, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | | - Niall G Campbell
- Department of Cardiology, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Joanne K Taylor
- Department of Cardiology, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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Soltani F, Lewis GA, Rosala-Hallas A, Dodd S, Schelbert EB, Williams SG, Cunnington C, McDonagh T, Miller CA. Treatment Adherence in a Randomized Controlled Trial of Pirfenidone in HFpEF: Determinants and Impact on Efficacy. J Card Fail 2023; 29:1091-1096. [PMID: 36921885 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Medication adherence in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is unclear. This study sought to evaluate treatment adherence in the Pirfenidone in Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (PIROUETTE) trial. METHODS AND RESULTS Adherence was evaluated through pill counts and diary cards. Univariable and multivariable regression models were used to assess the relationship between adherence and baseline characteristics. Instrumental variable regression was used to estimate the causal effect of pirfenidone treatment duration on myocardial fibrosis. Complete adherence data were available in 54 of 80 participants completing the trial. Mean adherence to study medication was 94.7% and 96.9% in the pirfenidone and placebo groups, respectively. Each additional day of treatment with pirfenidone resulted in a significant decrease in myocardial extracellular volume (-0.004%; 95% confidence interval: -0.007% to -0.001%; P = 0.007). Associations with adherence included older age, higher symptom burden, lower body weight, and smaller right ventricular size. CONCLUSION Adherence to study medication in the PIROUETTE trial was very high among patients for whom complete adherence data were available. Importantly, each additional day of treatment reduced myocardial fibrosis. Potential predictors of adherence were identified. Implementation of improved methods for assessing adherence is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fardad Soltani
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe, Manchester, UK
| | - Gavin A Lewis
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe, Manchester, UK
| | - Anna Rosala-Hallas
- Liverpool Clinical Trials Centre, Clinical Directorate, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool (a member of Liverpool Health Partners), Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Susanna Dodd
- Department of Health Data Sciences, Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Erik B Schelbert
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Minneapolis Heart Institute East, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Simon G Williams
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe, Manchester, UK
| | - Colin Cunnington
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Christopher A Miller
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe, Manchester, UK; Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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3
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Lewis GA, Rosala-Hallas A, Dodd S, Schelbert EB, Williams SG, Cunnington C, McDonagh T, Miller CA. Impact of Myocardial Fibrosis on Cardiovascular Structure, Function and Functional Status in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 15:1436-1443. [PMID: 35790651 PMCID: PMC9722869 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10264-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis, measured using cardiovascular magnetic resonance extracellular volume (ECV), is associated with adverse outcome in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, but the mechanisms by which myocardial fibrosis exerts this deleterious effect are unclear. We performed mediation analyses of data from the Pirfenidone in Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (PIROUETTE) trial to determine whether myocardial fibrotic regression causes changes in cardiovascular function and functional status following antifibrotic therapy. Regression of myocardial fibrosis correlated with improvements in 6-min walk test and KCCQ clinical summary score. The only outcome variable that demonstrated a treatment effect was an increase in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The estimated average causal mediation effects of myocardial ECV, absolute myocardial extracellular matrix volume and absolute myocardial cellular volume on LVEF were 6.1%, 21.5% and 13.7%, respectively, none of which was significant and therefore not mediated by myocardial fibrosis. (PIROUETTE; NCT02932566).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin A Lewis
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, Manchester, M23 9LT, UK
| | - Anna Rosala-Hallas
- Liverpool Clinical Trials Centre, Clinical Directorate, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool (a member of Liverpool Health Partners), Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, L12 2AP, UK
| | - Susanna Dodd
- Department of Health Data Sciences, Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool (a member of Liverpool Health Partners), Block F, Waterhouse Bld, 1-5 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GL, UK
| | - Erik B Schelbert
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Center, Heart and Vascular Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Simon G Williams
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, Manchester, M23 9LT, UK
| | - Colin Cunnington
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, Manchester, M23 9LT, UK
| | | | - Christopher A Miller
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, Manchester, M23 9LT, UK.
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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4
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Ahmed FZ, Sammut-Powell C, Martin GP, Callan P, Cunnington C, Kale M, Gerritse B, Lanctin D, Soken N, Campbell NG, Taylor JK. Use of a device-based remote management heart failure care pathway is associated with reduced hospitalization and improved patient outcomes: TriageHF Plus real-world evaluation. Eur Heart J 2022. [PMCID: PMC9619664 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of hospital admission. However, prompt identification of worsening HF using implantable device data and proactive intervention may reduce hospitalizations. The validated TriageHF algorithm in enabled ICD/CRT devices uses sensor data to risk stratify patients for HF hospitalization in the next 30 days. TriageHF Plus is a novel device-based HF care pathway (DHFP) that uses “high” risk status as the trigger for remote intervention (see Figure 1 for pathway overview). Outcomes after DHFP implementation in a clinical setting have not been examined. Purpose To evaluate the impact of TriageHF Plus clinical pathway on hospitalisation rates. Methods A prospective, multi-center evaluation comparing monthly hospitalization rates for patients enrolled in a DHFP with a concurrent standard of care (SoC) cohort and characterizing staffing resources necessary to implement the DHFP. The DHFP cohort received telephonic assessment and guideline-directed clinical care upon transition to high-risk status. Propensity scores (PS) were applied to DHFP and SoC cohorts to allow unbiased comparison. A negative binomial model was fitted to the monthly number of all-cause hospitalizations with treatment group (DHFP vs. SoC) as a covariate, using PS as weights. Results Between 09/11/2019 and 06/24/2021, 758 patients were included in the study (443 DHFP, 315 SoC). Proportion CRT 76%/ 89% and LVEF <50% 78%/ 66% for DHFP/ SoC, respectively. 196 high risk transmissions prompted telephone assessment, with successful contact in 182; of which, 79 (43%) identified an explanatory acute medical issue. A secondary intervention was undertaken in 44/79 (56%). High risk transmissions took on average 19 minutes per clinical assessment (initial telephone triage and 30 day follow up). The rate of hospitalizations was 58% lower in the DHFP group, compared with SoC, after PS adjustment (IRR 0.42, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.76, p=0.004), see Figure 2. Sensitivity analyses showed Covid-19 had little effect on results. Conclusions This is the first prospective, real-world evaluation of a device-based HF care pathway to report a reduction in hospitalizations and does so with minimal staffing time. Integrated into existing HF services, device-based remote monitoring of HF patients can improve outcomes. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): Medtronic
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Affiliation(s)
- F Z Ahmed
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust , Manchester , United Kingdom
| | - C Sammut-Powell
- University of Manchester, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science , Manchester , United Kingdom
| | - G P Martin
- University of Manchester, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science , Manchester , United Kingdom
| | - P Callan
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust , Manchester , United Kingdom
| | - C Cunnington
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust , Manchester , United Kingdom
| | - M Kale
- North Manchester General Hospital , Manchester , United Kingdom
| | - B Gerritse
- Medtronic, Inc. , Minneapolis , United States of America
| | - D Lanctin
- Medtronic, Inc. , Minneapolis , United States of America
| | - N Soken
- Medtronic, Inc. , Minneapolis , United States of America
| | - N G Campbell
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust , Manchester , United Kingdom
| | - J K Taylor
- University of Manchester, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science , Manchester , United Kingdom
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5
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Lewis GA, Rosala‐Hallas A, Dodd S, Schelbert EB, Williams SG, Cunnington C, McDonagh T, Miller CA. Characteristics Associated With Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction and the Impact of Pirfenidone. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e024668. [PMID: 35861823 PMCID: PMC9707842 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.024668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is elevated in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and is associated with adverse outcome, but its relationship with myocardial fibrosis and other characteristics remains unclear. We sought to evaluate the effect of pirfenidone, a novel antifibrotic agent, on GDF-15 in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and identify characteristics that associate with GDF-15 and with change in GDF-15 over 1 year. Methods and Results Among patients enrolled (n=107) in the PIROUETTE (Pirfenidone in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction) trial, GDF-15 was measured at baseline and at prespecified time points in patients randomized (n=94) to pirfenidone or placebo. The response of GDF-15 to pirfenidone and the association with baseline patient characteristics were evaluated. Pirfenidone had no impact on circulating GDF-15 at any time point during the 52-week trial period. In multivariable analysis, male sex, diabetes, higher circulating levels of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, lower renal function, and shorter 6-minute walk test distance at baseline were associated with baseline log-GDF-15. Impaired global longitudinal strain at baseline was the strongest predictor of increased GDF-15 over 52 weeks. Conclusions In patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, circulating levels of GDF-15 were unaffected by treatment with pirfenidone and do not appear to be determined by myocardial fibrosis. Circulating GDF-15 was associated with a spectrum of important heart failure characteristics and it may represent a marker of overall physiological disruption. Registration URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02932566; Unique identifier: NCT02932566.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin A. Lewis
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
- Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Anna Rosala‐Hallas
- Liverpool Clinical Trials Centre, Clinical Directorate, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool (a member of Liverpool Health Partners)Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation TrustLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Susanna Dodd
- Department of Health Data Science, Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of Liverpool (a member of Liverpool Health Partners)LiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Erik B. Schelbert
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPA
- UPMC Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance CenterHeart and Vascular InstitutePittsburghPA
- Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA
| | | | - Colin Cunnington
- Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Christopher A. Miller
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
- Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUnited Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Cell‐Matrix Research, Division of Cell‐Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
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Lewis GA, Rosala-Hallas A, Dodd S, Schelbert EB, Williams SG, Cunnington C, McDonagh T, Miller CA. Predictors of myocardial fibrosis and response to anti-fibrotic therapy in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 38:10.1007/s10554-022-02544-9. [PMID: 35138474 PMCID: PMC9797453 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-022-02544-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis, measured using magnetic resonance extracellular volume (ECV), associates with adverse outcome in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). In the PIROUETTE (The Pirfenidone in Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction) trial, the novel anti-fibrotic agent pirfenidone reduced myocardial fibrosis. We sought to identify baseline characteristics that associate with myocardial fibrotic burden, the change in myocardial fibrosis over a year, and predict response to pirfenidone in patients with HFpEF. Amongst patients enrolled in the PIROUETTE trial (n = 107), linear regression models were used to assess the relationship between baseline variables and baseline myocardial ECV, with change in myocardial ECV adjusting for treatment allocation, and to identify variables that modified the pirfenidone treatment effect. Body mass index, left atrial reservoir strain, haemoglobin and aortic distensibility were associated with baseline ECV in stepwise modelling, and systolic blood pressure, and log N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide were associated with baseline ECV in clinically-guided modelling. QRS duration, left ventricular mass and presence of an infarct at baseline were associated with an increase in ECV from baseline to week 52. Whilst QRS duration, presence of an infarct, global longitudinal strain and left atrial strain modified the treatment effect of pirfenidone when considered individually, no variable modified treatment effect on multivariable modelling. Baseline characteristics were identified that associate with myocardial fibrosis and predict change in myocardial fibrosis. No variables that independently modify the treatment effect of pirfenidone were identified (PIROUETTE, NCT02932566).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin A Lewis
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, England
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Manchester, M23 9LT, England
| | - Anna Rosala-Hallas
- Liverpool Clinical Trials Centre, Clinical Directorate, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool (a member of Liverpool Health Partners), Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, L12 2AP, England
| | - Susanna Dodd
- Department of Health Data Science, Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool (a member of Liverpool Health Partners), Block F, Waterhouse Bld, 1-5 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GL, England
| | - Erik B Schelbert
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Center, Heart and Vascular Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Simon G Williams
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Manchester, M23 9LT, England
| | - Colin Cunnington
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Manchester, M23 9LT, England
| | | | - Christopher A Miller
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, England.
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Manchester, M23 9LT, England.
- Division of Cell-Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, England.
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7
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Ahmed FZ, Taylor JK, John AV, Khan MA, Zaidi AM, Mamas MA, Motwani M, Cunnington C. Ambulatory intravenous furosemide for decompensated heart failure: safe, feasible, and effective. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:3906-3916. [PMID: 34382749 PMCID: PMC8497198 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims This study aims to establish the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of outpatient intravenous (IV) diuretic treatment for the management of decompensated heart failure (HF) for patients enrolled in the HeartFailure@Home service. Methods and results We retrospectively analysed the clinical episodes of decompensated HF for patients enrolled in the HeartFailure@Home service, managed by ambulatory IV diuretic treatment either at home or on a day‐case unit. A control group consisting of HF patients admitted to hospital for IV diuretics (standard‐of‐care) was also evaluated. In total, 203 episodes of decompensated HF (n = 154 patients) were evaluated. One hundred and fourteen episodes in 79 patients were managed exclusively by the ambulatory IV diuretic service—78 (68.4%) on a day‐case unit and 36 (31.6%) domiciliary; 84.1% of patient episodes under the HF@Home service were successfully managed entirely in an out‐patient setting without hospitalization. Eleven patients required admission in order to administer higher doses of IV diuretics than could be provided in the ambulatory setting. During follow‐up, there were 20 (17.5%) 30 day re‐admissions with HF or death in the ambulatory IV group and 29 (32.6%) in the standard‐of‐care arm (P = 0.02). There was no difference in 30 day HF readmissions between the two groups (14.9% ambulatory vs. 13.5% inpatients, P = 0.8), but 30 day mortality was significantly lower in the ambulatory group (3.5% vs. 21.3% inpatients, P < 0.001). Conclusions Outpatient ambulatory management of decompensated HF with IV diuretics given either on a day case unit or in a domiciliary setting is feasible, safe, and effective in selected patients with decompensated HF. This should be explored further as a model in delivering HF services in the outpatient setting during COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fozia Z Ahmed
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.,Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Joanne K Taylor
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.,Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anju V John
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Muhammad A Khan
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Amir M Zaidi
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Mamas A Mamas
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis Research, Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Manish Motwani
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.,Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Colin Cunnington
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.,Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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8
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Lewis GA, Dodd S, Clayton D, Bedson E, Eccleson H, Schelbert EB, Naish JH, Jimenez BD, Williams SG, Cunnington C, Ahmed FZ, Cooper A, Rajavarma Viswesvaraiah, Russell S, McDonagh T, Williamson PR, Miller CA. Pirfenidone in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a randomized phase 2 trial. Nat Med 2021; 27:1477-1482. [PMID: 34385704 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), the occurrence of myocardial fibrosis is associated with adverse outcome. Whether pirfenidone, an oral antifibrotic agent without hemodynamic effect, is efficacious and safe for the treatment of HFpEF is unknown. In this double-blind, phase 2 trial ( NCT02932566 ), we enrolled patients with heart failure, an ejection fraction of 45% or higher and elevated levels of natriuretic peptides. Eligible patients underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance and those with evidence of myocardial fibrosis, defined as a myocardial extracellular volume of 27% or greater, were randomly assigned to receive pirfenidone or placebo for 52 weeks. Forty-seven patients were randomized to each of the pirfenidone and placebo groups. The primary outcome was change in myocardial extracellular volume, from baseline to 52 weeks. In comparison to placebo, pirfenidone reduced myocardial extracellular volume (between-group difference, -1.21%; 95% confidence interval, -2.12 to -0.31; P = 0.009), meeting the predefined primary outcome. Twelve patients (26%) in the pirfenidone group and 14 patients (30%) in the placebo group experienced one or more serious adverse events. The most common adverse events in the pirfenidone group were nausea, insomnia and rash. In conclusion, among patients with HFpEF and myocardial fibrosis, administration of pirfenidone for 52 weeks reduced myocardial fibrosis. The favorable effects of pirfenidone in patients with HFpEF will need to be confirmed in future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin A Lewis
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Susanna Dodd
- Department of Health Data Science, University of Liverpool, a Member of Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dannii Clayton
- Liverpool Clinical Trials Centre, University of Liverpool, Institute of Child Health, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Emma Bedson
- Liverpool Clinical Trials Centre, University of Liverpool, Institute of Child Health, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Helen Eccleson
- Liverpool Clinical Trials Centre, University of Liverpool, Institute of Child Health, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Erik B Schelbert
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Center, Heart and Vascular Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Josephine H Naish
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | | - Fozia Zahir Ahmed
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Anne Cooper
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Paula R Williamson
- Department of Health Data Science, University of Liverpool, a Member of Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christopher A Miller
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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9
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Guella E, Devereux F, Ahmed FZ, Scott P, Cunnington C, Zaidi A. Novel atrioventricular sequential pacing approach using a transvenous atrial pacemaker and a leadless pacemaker: a case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep 2021; 5:ytab219. [PMID: 34377899 PMCID: PMC8343438 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytab219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The use of transvenous pacing leads is associated with the risk of developing tricuspid valve (TV) dysfunction. This develops through several mechanisms including the failure of leaflet coaptation or direct damage to the TV or to its sub-valvular apparatus and can result in significant tricuspid regurgitation (TR). Multiple approaches to pacemaker implantation after transvenous lead extraction (TLE) or surgical TV repair have been described. Placement of pacing leads across the TV is generally avoided in such circumstances. Case summary A 66-year-old woman presented with a year-long history of exertional dyspnoea, peripheral oedema, and postural neck pulsations. Her medical history included a dual-chamber pacemaker implantation for sinus node dysfunction 14 years ago. Echocardiography revealed severe lead-related TR. Her case was discussed in our multi-disciplinary team meeting. A decision was made to perform a TLE and implant a leadless pacemaker in an attempt to avoid open-heart surgery if possible. This was reserved as an option in the event of persistent severe TR. Transvenous extraction of the right ventricular lead was performed. The atrial lead was preserved and connected to and AAI device. A Micra AV was implanted allowing for atrioventricular (AV) synchronous pacing. Discussion We present the first case of successful implementation of AV sequential pacing using a dual-pacemaker approach involving the use of an AAI pacemaker and a Micra AV device. This was performed after TLE for severe lead-related TR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elhosseyn Guella
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Frances Devereux
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Fozia Zahir Ahmed
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK.,Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter Scott
- Cardiology Department, Royal Bolton Hospital, Minerva Road, Farnworth, Bolton BL4 0JR, UK
| | - Colin Cunnington
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK.,Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Amir Zaidi
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
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10
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Sankaranarayanan R, Hartshorne-Evans N, Redmond-Lyon S, Wilson J, Essa H, Gray A, Clayton L, Barton C, Ahmed FZ, Cunnington C, Satchithananda DK, Murphy CL. The impact of COVID-19 on the management of heart failure: a United Kingdom patient questionnaire study. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:1324-1332. [PMID: 33463044 PMCID: PMC8006619 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has created significant challenges to healthcare globally, necessitating rapid restructuring of service provision. This questionnaire survey was conducted amongst adult heart failure (HF) patients in the United Kingdom (UK), to understand the impact of COVID‐19 upon HF services. Methods and results The survey was conducted by the Pumping Marvellous Foundation, a UK HF patient charity. ‘Survey Monkey’ was used to disseminate the questionnaire in the Pumping Marvellous Foundation 's online patient group and in 10 UK hospitals (outpatient hospital and community HF clinics). There were 1050 responses collected (693/1050—66% women); 55% (579/1050) were aged over 60 years. Anxiety level was significantly higher regarding COVID‐19 (mean 7 ± 2.5 on anxiety scale of 0 to 10) compared with anxiety regarding HF (6.1 ± 2.4; P < 0.001). Anxiety was higher amongst patients aged ≤60 years about HF (6.3 ± 2.2 vs. 5.9 ± 2.5 in those aged >60 years; P = 0.005) and COVID‐19 (7.3 ± 2.3 vs. 6.7 ± 2.6 those aged >60 years; P < 0.001). Sixty‐five per cent of respondents (686/1050) reported disruption to HF appointments (cancellation or postponement) during the lockdown period. Thirty‐seven per cent reported disruption to medication prescription services, and Thirty‐four per cent reported inability to access their HF teams promptly. Thirty‐two per cent expressed reluctance to attend hospital (25% stated they would only attend hospital if there was no alternative, and 7% stated that they would not attend hospital at all). Conclusions The COVID‐19 pandemic has caused significant anxiety amongst HF patients regarding COVID‐19 and HF. Cancellation or postponement of scheduled clinic appointments, investigations, procedures, prescription, and monitoring services were implicated as sources of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Sankaranarayanan
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Cardiology, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, L9 7AL, UK.,Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Clinical Research Network (NIHR CRN), NIHR Clinical Research Network, North West Coast, iC1 Liverpool Science Park, 131 Mount Pleasant, Liverpool, L3 5TF, UK
| | - Nick Hartshorne-Evans
- The Pumping Marvellous Foundation (Registered Charity Number 1151848), Suite 111 Business First Millenium City Park, Millennium Road, Preston, PR2 5BL, UK
| | - Sam Redmond-Lyon
- The Pumping Marvellous Foundation (Registered Charity Number 1151848), Suite 111 Business First Millenium City Park, Millennium Road, Preston, PR2 5BL, UK
| | - Jill Wilson
- The Pumping Marvellous Foundation (Registered Charity Number 1151848), Suite 111 Business First Millenium City Park, Millennium Road, Preston, PR2 5BL, UK
| | - Hani Essa
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Cardiology, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, L9 7AL, UK.,Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Clinical Research Network (NIHR CRN), NIHR Clinical Research Network, North West Coast, iC1 Liverpool Science Park, 131 Mount Pleasant, Liverpool, L3 5TF, UK
| | - Alastair Gray
- Craigavon Area Hospital, Department of Cardiology, 68 Lurgan Rd, Portadown, Craigavon, BT63 5QQ, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Louise Clayton
- British Society for Heart Failure, 33 Cavendish Square, London, W1G 0PW, UK.,Alliance for Heart Failure, London, UK.,Department of Cardiology, Infirmary Square, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK
| | - Carys Barton
- British Society for Heart Failure, 33 Cavendish Square, London, W1G 0PW, UK.,Department of Cardiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, The Bays, S Wharf Rd, Paddington, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Fozia Z Ahmed
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Colin Cunnington
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | | | - Clare L Murphy
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde Heart MCN Heart Failure subgroup, Scotland, UK.,Heart Failure Hub, Scotland, UK.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Alexandra and Vale of Leven Hospitals, Castlehead, Paisley, PA2 9PJ, Scotland, UK
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11
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Enab H, Cunnington C, Zaidi A. An Unusual Cause of Pacemaker Lead Displacement: ‘Reverse Ratchet’ Syndrome. Heart Int 2021; 15:103-105. [DOI: 10.17925/hi.2021.15.2.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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12
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Ahmed F, Taylor J, Green C, Wickwar L, Zaidi A, Cunnington C, Motwani M. P323Triage-HF Plus: identification of heart failure and non-heart failure events in an ambulatory population using remote monitoring and the triage heart failure risk score Algorithm. Europace 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euaa162.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background/introduction
Previous studies examining the utility of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) to remotely monitor heart failure patients for decompensation have not demonstrated an impact on hard end-points. However, a key limitation of these prior studies (REM-HF and MORE-CARE) has been the failure to stratify patients according to their risk of worsening heart failure (WHF) prior to randomization (usual care vs active monitoring). We examined a different approach, using a single manufacturer’s remote monitoring platform, whereby only patients with CIED-derived data indicating the highest risk of WHF are contacted for assessment. The validated ‘Triage Heart Failure Risk Score’ (Triage-HFRS) is a medical algorithm within Medtronic CIEDs that can risk-stratify patients as low-, medium- or high-risk of WHF in the next 30 days based on integrated monitoring of physiological parameters.
Purpose
This study is the largest prospective evaluation of the Triage-HFRS, and examines the additional role of contacting those patients with a ‘High-Risk’ Triage-HFRS alert by telephone (Triage-HF Plus pathway).
Methods
Prospective, real-world evaluation of the Triage-HF Plus pathway undertaken between June 2016 and September 2019. 326 high-risk Triage-HFRS transmissions were contacted for telephone triage assessment. Screening questions were designed to identify episodes of WHF and non-heart failure events. Interventions were at the discretion of the clinical practitioner and in line with guideline-directed practice. An additional 3-month consecutive sample of low and medium Triage-HFRS transmissions (control group) were also contacted for telephone triage assessment (n= 98).
Results
Successful telephone contact was made following 245 high-risk Triage-HFRS alerts. Following contact, 194 (79.1%) patients reported an acute medical issue: 137 (70.6%) reported symptoms consistent with worsening heart failure (WHF) requiring intervention; and 57 (29.4%) had an alternative acute medical problem. 51 (26.2%) had no apparent reason for the high score. The sensitivity and specificity of CIED-based remote monitoring to identify any HF and non-HF events requiring intervention was 99.5% (97.2-99.9%) and 65.5% (57.3-73.2%) respectively; positive predictive value was 79.2%. The negative predictive value of a non-high risk score to rule out an acute event was 98.9%. Overall accuracy of the pathway to identify an acute issue (HF or non-HF related) was 84.8%.
Conclusion
The Triage-HF Plus clinical pathway is a potentially useful remote monitoring tool for patients with heart failure. The pathway has high diagnostic accuracy to identify patients with WHF and a wide range of non-HF issues which are just as relevant in a population who often have multiple complex co-morbidities and are known for their high health care utilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ahmed
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - J Taylor
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - C Green
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - L Wickwar
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - A Zaidi
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - C Cunnington
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - M Motwani
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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13
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Ahmed FZ, Taylor JK, Green C, Moore L, Goode A, Black P, Howard L, Fullwood C, Zaidi A, Seed A, Cunnington C, Motwani M. Triage-HF Plus: a novel device-based remote monitoring pathway to identify worsening heart failure. ESC Heart Fail 2019; 7:107-116. [PMID: 31794140 PMCID: PMC7083434 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Remote monitoring of patients with physiological data derived from cardiac implanted electronic devices (CIEDs) offers potential to reconfigure clinical services. The ‘Heart Failure Risk Score' (HFRS) uses input from integrated device physiological monitoring to risk‐stratify patients as low‐risk, medium‐risk, or high‐risk of a heart failure event in the next 30 days. This study aimed to evaluate a novel clinical pathway utilizing a combination of CIED risk‐stratification and telephone triage to identify patients with worsening heart failure (WHF). Methods and results A prospective, single‐centre, real‐world evaluation of the ‘Triage‐HF Plus' clinical pathway (HFRS in combination with telephone triage) over a 27 month period. One hundred and fifty‐seven high‐risk HFRS transmissions were referred for telephone triage assessment. Interventions were at the discretion of the clinical assessor acting in accordance with clinical guidelines. An additional 3month consecutive sample of low and medium HFRS transmissions (control group) were also contacted for telephone triage assessment (n = 98). Successful telephone contact was made in 127 (81%) of referred high‐risk HFRS cases: 71 (55.9%) were confirmed to have WHF requiring intervention; 19 (14.9%) had an alternative acute medical problem; one patient had been recently discharged from hospital with WHF; and 36 (28.0%) had no apparent cause for the high score. In the control group, only one patient had symptoms of WHF. The sensitivity and specificity of CIED‐based remote monitoring to identify WHF 98.6% (92.5–100.0%) and 63.4% (55.2–71.0%), respectively. Conclusions The Triage‐HF Plus clinical pathway is a potentially useful remote monitoring tool for patients with heart failure and in situ CIEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fozia Zahir Ahmed
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK.,Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Joanne K Taylor
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK.,Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Caroline Green
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Lucy Moore
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Angelic Goode
- Lancashire Cardiac Centre, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, UK
| | - Paula Black
- Lancashire Cardiac Centre, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, UK
| | - Lesley Howard
- Lancashire Cardiac Centre, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, UK
| | - Catherine Fullwood
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Research and Innovation, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Centre for Biostatistics, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Amir Zaidi
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Alison Seed
- Lancashire Cardiac Centre, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, UK
| | - Colin Cunnington
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK.,Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Manish Motwani
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK.,Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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14
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Lewis GA, Schelbert EB, Naish JH, Bedson E, Dodd S, Eccleson H, Clayton D, Jimenez BD, McDonagh T, Williams SG, Cooper A, Cunnington C, Ahmed FZ, Viswesvaraiah R, Russell S, Neubauer S, Williamson PR, Miller CA. Pirfenidone in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction-Rationale and Design of the PIROUETTE Trial. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2019; 33:461-470. [PMID: 31069575 PMCID: PMC6689029 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-019-06876-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The PIROUETTE (PIRfenidOne in patients with heart failUre and preserved lEfT venTricular Ejection fraction) trial is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the anti-fibrotic pirfenidone in patients with chronic heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and myocardial fibrosis. HFpEF is a diverse syndrome associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Myocardial fibrosis is a key pathophysiological mechanism of HFpEF and myocardial fibrotic burden is strongly and independently associated with adverse outcome. Pirfenidone is an oral anti-fibrotic agent, without haemodynamic effect, that leads to regression of myocardial fibrosis in preclinical models. It has proven clinical effectiveness in pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS The PIROUETTE trial is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of 52 weeks of treatment with pirfenidone in patients with chronic HFpEF (symptoms and signs of heart failure, left ventricular ejection fraction ≥ 45%, elevated natriuretic peptides [BNP ≥ 100 pg/ml or NT-proBNP ≥ 300 pg/ml; or BNP ≥ 300 pg/ml or NT-proBNP ≥ 900 pg/ml if in atrial fibrillation]) and myocardial fibrosis (extracellular matrix (ECM) volume ≥ 27% measured using cardiovascular magnetic resonance). The primary outcome measure is change in myocardial ECM volume. A sub-study will investigate the relationship between myocardial fibrosis and myocardial energetics, and the impact of pirfenidone, using 31phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. DISCUSSION PIROUETTE will determine whether pirfenidone is superior to placebo in relation to regression of myocardial fibrosis and improvement in myocardial energetics in patients with HFpEF and myocardial fibrosis (NCT02932566). CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02932566) https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02932566.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin A Lewis
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, Manchester, M23 9LT, UK
| | - Erik B Schelbert
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Center, Heart and Vascular Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Josephine H Naish
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Emma Bedson
- Clinical Trials Research Centre, 2nd Floor - Institute in the Park, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, University of Liverpool, Member of Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, L12 2AP, UK
| | - Susanna Dodd
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Member of Liverpool Health Partners, Block F, Waterhouse Bld, 1-5 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GL, UK
| | - Helen Eccleson
- Clinical Trials Research Centre, 2nd Floor - Institute in the Park, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, University of Liverpool, Member of Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, L12 2AP, UK
| | - Dannii Clayton
- Clinical Trials Research Centre, 2nd Floor - Institute in the Park, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, University of Liverpool, Member of Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, L12 2AP, UK
| | - Beatriz Duran Jimenez
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, Manchester, M23 9LT, UK
| | | | - Simon G Williams
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, Manchester, M23 9LT, UK
| | - Anne Cooper
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Stott Lane, Salford, M6 8HD, UK
| | - Colin Cunnington
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, Manchester, M23 9LT, UK
| | - Fozia Zahir Ahmed
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, Manchester, M23 9LT, UK
| | - Rajavarma Viswesvaraiah
- Stockport NHS Foundation Trust, Stepping Hill Hospital, Poplar Grove, Hazel Grove, Stockport, SK2 7JE, UK
| | - Stuart Russell
- East Cheshire NHS Trust, Victoria Road, Macclesfield, SK10 3BL, UK
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paula R Williamson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Member of Liverpool Health Partners, Block F, Waterhouse Bld, 1-5 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GL, UK
| | - Christopher A Miller
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, Manchester, M23 9LT, UK.
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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15
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Motwani M, Burley O, Luckie M, Cunnington C, Pisaniello AD, Hasan R, Malik I, Fraser DG. 3D-printing assisted closure of paravalvular leak. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2019; 14:e66-e68. [PMID: 30930181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Motwani
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, UK; University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Oliver Burley
- Maxillofacial Laboratory Department, North Manchester General Hospital, Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | - Matthew Luckie
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Colin Cunnington
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Anthony D Pisaniello
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Ragheb Hasan
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Iqbal Malik
- Cardiovascular Division, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Douglas G Fraser
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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16
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Ahmed FZ, Fullwood C, Zaman M, Qamruddin A, Cunnington C, Mamas MA, Sandoe J, Motwani M, Zaidi A. Correction: Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infections are expensive and associated with prolonged hospitalisation: UK Retrospective Observational Study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213682. [PMID: 30840705 PMCID: PMC6402672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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17
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Ahmed FZ, Fullwood C, Zaman M, Qamruddin A, Cunnington C, Mamas MA, Sandoe J, Motwani M, Zaidi A. Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infections are expensive and associated with prolonged hospitalisation: UK Retrospective Observational Study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0206611. [PMID: 30601808 PMCID: PMC6314621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are limited reports outlining the financial cost of treating cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection outside the United States. This study aimed to determine the average treatment cost of CIED infection in a large UK tertiary referral centre and compared costs of different treatment pathways that are recognised in the management of CIED infection (early versus delayed re-implantation). Methods We retrospectively analysed cost and length of stay (LOS) data for consecutive patients undergoing infected CIED extraction with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT-D [with defibrillator], CRT-P [with pacemaker]), implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) and permanent pacemakers (PPMs). Results Between January 2013 and March 2015, complete data was available for 84 patients (18 [21.4%] CRT-D, 24 [28.6%] ICDs and 42 [50.0%] PPMs). When all cases were considered the cost of infection ranged from £5,139 (PPM) to £24,318 (CRT-D). Considering different treatment strategies; 41 (48.8%) underwent CIED extraction and re-implantation during the same admission (early re-implant strategy (ER). 43 (51.2%) underwent extraction, but were then discharged home to be re-admitted for day-case re-implantation (delayed re-implant strategy (DR)). Median LOS was significantly shorter in DR compared to ER (5.0 vs. 18.0 days, p<0.001). The total cost of CIED infection episode was similar for both treatment strategies (median £14,241.48 vs. £14,741.70 including wearable defibrillator (Lifevest) and outpatient antibiotics costs, ER vs. DR; p = 0.491). Conclusion CIED infections are expensive and associated with significant health-economic burden. When all device types were considered, a DR strategy is associated with reduced LOS without an increased cost penalty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fozia Zahir Ahmed
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Catherine Fullwood
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Research and Innovation, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Centre for Biostatistics, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mahvash Zaman
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Qamruddin
- Department of Microbiology, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Cunnington
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mamas A. Mamas
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Sandoe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Manish Motwani
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Amir Zaidi
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Agarwal A, Cunnington C, Sabanayagam A, Zier L, McCulloch CE, Harris IS, Foster E, Atkinson D, Bryan A, Jenkins P, Dua J, Parker MJ, Karunaratne D, Moore JA, Meadows J, Clarke B, Hoschtitzky JA, Mahadevan VS. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in the evaluation of liver disease in adults who have had the Fontan operation. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 111:276-284. [PMID: 29198937 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver disease (LD) is a long-term complication in patients with a single ventricle who have had the Fontan operation. A decline in cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) variables is associated with increased risk of hospitalization, but its association with LD is unknown. AIM To determine the association between CPET variables and LD in adults who have had the Fontan operation. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records from two tertiary institutions. RESULTS We identified 114 adults (≥18 years; mean 30.9±7.4 years) who had undergone the Fontan operation: 56% were women; 63% had total cavopulmonary connection; 66% had New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I status; 42% had arrhythmias; 22% had systemic right ventricle; and 35% had ventricular dysfunction. Of 81 patients with liver-imaging data, 41% had LD (i.e. imaging evidence of cirrhosis, with or without portal hypertension, splenomegaly or varices). There were no differences in clinical or echocardiographic variables between those with and without LD. Among the 58 patients with CPET data, mean peak oxygen consumption (VO2) was 18.6±5.7mL/kg/min, per-cent-predicted peak VO2 was 53.9±15.5%, peak oxygen pulse was 9.3±2.9mL/beat and per-cent-predicted peak oxygen pulse was 82.6±21.5%. Of the 44 patients with liver and CPET data, each standard deviation decrease in per-cent-predicted peak VO2 (16%) and per-cent-predicted peak oxygen pulse (22%) was associated with a 2.3-fold increase in the odds of LD, after adjusting for NYHA, institution and Fontan type (P=0.04). Similarly, each standard deviation decrease in per-cent-predicted peak VO2 and oxygen pulse was associated with an estimated 5.9-year and 4.9-year earlier onset of LD, respectively (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Decline in per-cent-predicted peak VO2 and oxygen pulse was associated with increased odds of LD in adults who had undergone the Fontan operation. Our study supports more rapid hepatic evaluation among patients with abnormal or worsening CPET variables.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin Cunnington
- Manchester Royal Infirmary, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lucas Zier
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Ian S Harris
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elyse Foster
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dougal Atkinson
- Manchester Royal Infirmary, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Bryan
- Manchester Royal Infirmary, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Petra Jenkins
- Manchester Royal Infirmary, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jaspal Dua
- Manchester Royal Infirmary, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Parker
- Manchester Royal Infirmary, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Devinda Karunaratne
- Manchester Royal Infirmary, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - John A Moore
- Manchester Royal Infirmary, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey Meadows
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bernard Clarke
- Manchester Royal Infirmary, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - J Andreas Hoschtitzky
- Manchester Royal Infirmary, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Vaikom S Mahadevan
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Manchester Royal Infirmary, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Lewis GA, Schelbert EB, Williams SG, Cunnington C, Ahmed F, McDonagh TA, Miller CA. Biological Phenotypes of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 70:2186-2200. [PMID: 29050567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) involves multiple pathophysiological mechanisms, which result in the heterogeneous phenotypes that are evident clinically, and which have potentially confounded previous HFpEF trials. A greater understanding of the in vivo human processes involved, and in particular, which are the causes and which are the downstream effects, may allow the syndrome of HFpEF to be distilled into distinct diagnoses based on the underlying biology. From this, specific interventions can follow, targeting individuals identified on the basis of their biological phenotype. This review describes the biological phenotypes of HFpEF and therapeutic interventions aimed at targeting these phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin A Lewis
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom; University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Erik B Schelbert
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; UPMC Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Center, Heart and Vascular Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Simon G Williams
- University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Cunnington
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Heart Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fozia Ahmed
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Heart Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Christopher A Miller
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom; University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe, Manchester, United Kingdom; Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Zaidi A, Ali M, Cunnington C, Motwani M, Allen S, Ahmed FZ. 22Cied lead extraction in the elderly has low risk. Europace 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eux283.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Zaidi A, Ali M, Cunnington C, Motwani M, Allen S, Ahmed FZ. 84Single-centre experience of cied lead extraction using cook medical evolution system. Europace 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eux283.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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22
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Chue CD, Kwok CS, Wong CW, Patwala A, Barker D, Zaidi A, Mamas MA, Cunnington C, Ahmed FZ. Efficacy and safety of the subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator: a systematic review. Heart 2017; 103:1315-1322. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2016-310852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Ahmed FZ, Cunnington C, Motwani M, Zaidi AM. Totally Leadless Dual-Device Implantation for Combined Spontaneous Ventricular Tachycardia Defibrillation and Pacemaker Function: A First Report. Can J Cardiol 2017; 33:1066.e5-1066.e7. [PMID: 28754393 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillators (S-ICDs) provide effective defibrillation, while also reducing the risk of long-term lead problems. However, S-ICDs do not offer bradycardia or antitachycardia pacing and therefore use has been limited. Combined implantation of an S-ICD with a leadless pacemaker (LP) has been proposed to overcome this limitation. Although a handful of combined S-ICD/LP implantations have been reported for Nanostim (St Jude Medical, St Paul, MN) as well as Micra LP (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) systems, none have documented delivery of appropriate shock therapies for spontaneous ventricular tachycardia. We report the first case of effective defibrillation for spontaneous ventricular tachycardia in a patient with combined Micra LP and S-ICD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fozia Zahir Ahmed
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Heart Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Colin Cunnington
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Heart Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Manish Motwani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Heart Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Amir Masood Zaidi
- Manchester Heart Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Agarwal A, Sabanayagam A, Kheiwa A, Cunnington C, Zier L, McCulloch C, Harris I, Foster E, Atkinson D, Bryan A, Jenkins P, Dua J, Parker M, Karunaratne D, Moore JA, Meadows J, Clarke B, Hoschtitzky JA, Mahadevan V. PREVALENCE OF ELEVATED BODY MASS INDEX AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH CLINICAL FEATURES IN ADULT FONTAN PATIENTS. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(17)34020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Agarwal A, Sabanayagam A, Kheiwa A, Cunnington C, Gerstenfeld E, McCulloch C, Harris I, Tseng Z, Foster E, Jenkins P, Dua J, Karunaratne D, Muhyaldeen S, Zaidi A, Fitzpatrick A, Garratt C, Clarke B, Hoschtitzky A, Mahadevan V. PREVALENCE AND PREDICTORS OF PACEMAKER PLACEMENT IN ADULT FONTAN PATIENTS. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(17)34041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ahmed FZ, Motwani M, Cunnington C, Kwok CS, Fullwood C, Oceandy D, Fitchet A, Goode GK, Luckie M, Zaidi AM, Khattar R, Mamas MA. One-Month Global Longitudinal Strain Identifies Patients Who Will Develop Pacing-Induced Left Ventricular Dysfunction over Time: The Pacing and Ventricular Dysfunction (PAVD) Study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0162072. [PMID: 28095413 PMCID: PMC5240943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Predicting which individuals will have a decline in left ventricular (LV) function after pacemaker implantation remains an important challenge. We investigated whether LV global longitudinal strain (GLS), measured by 2D speckle tracking strain echocardiography, can identify patients at risk of pacing-induced left ventricular dysfunction (PIVD) or pacing-induced cardiomyopathy (PICMP). Methods Fifty-five patients with atrioventricular block and preserved LV function underwent dual-chamber pacemaker implantation and were followed with serial transthoracic echocardiography for 12 months for the development of PIVD (defined as a reduction in LV ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥5 percentage points at 12 months) or PICMP (reduction in LVEF to <45%). Results At 12 months, 15 (27%) patients developed PIVD; of these, 4 patients developed PICMP. At one month, GLS was significantly lower in the 15 patients who subsequently developed PIVD, compared to those who did not (n = 40) (GLS -12.6 vs. -16.4 respectively; p = 0.022). When patients with PICMP were excluded, one month GLS was significantly reduced compared to baseline whereas LVEF was not. One-month GLS had high predictive accuracy for determining subsequent development of PIVD or PICMP (AUC = 0.80, optimal GLS threshold: <−14.5, sensitivity 82%, specificity 75%); and particularly PICMP (AUC = 0.86, optimal GLS threshold: <−13.5, sensitivity 100%, specificity 71%). Conclusions GLS is a novel predictor of decline in LV systolic function following pacemaker implantation, with the potential to identify patients at risk of PIVD before measurable changes in LVEF are apparent. GLS measured one month after implantation has high predictive accuracy for identifying patients who later develop PIVD or PICMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fozia Zahir Ahmed
- Cardiovascular Institute, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Manish Motwani
- Department of Cardiology, Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Cunnington
- Department of Cardiology, Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Chun Shing Kwok
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Institutes of Science and Technology in Medicine and Primary Care, University of Keele, Keele, United Kingdom
- University Hospital North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Fullwood
- Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Delvac Oceandy
- Cardiovascular Institute, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Fitchet
- Department of Cardiology, Lancashire Cardiac Centre, Blackpool, United Kingdom
| | - Grahame Kevin Goode
- Department of Cardiology, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Stott Lane, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Luckie
- Department of Cardiology, Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Amir Masood Zaidi
- Department of Cardiology, Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rajdeep Khattar
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton Hospital and Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mamas Andreas Mamas
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Institutes of Science and Technology in Medicine and Primary Care, University of Keele, Keele, United Kingdom
- University Hospital North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
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Cunnington C, Kwok CS, Satchithananda DK, Patwala A, Khan MA, Zaidi A, Ahmed FZ, Mamas MA. Cardiac resynchronisation therapy is not associated with a reduction in mortality or heart failure hospitalisation in patients with non-left bundle branch block QRS morphology: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Heart 2015; 101:1456-62. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-306811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ahmed FZ, James J, Cunnington C, Motwani M, Fullwood C, Hooper J, Burns P, Qamruddin A, Al-Bahrani G, Armstrong I, Tout D, Clarke B, Sandoe JAT, Arumugam P, Mamas MA, Zaidi AM. Early diagnosis of cardiac implantable electronic device generator pocket infection using ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015; 16:521-30. [PMID: 25651856 PMCID: PMC4407104 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeu295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To examine the utility of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ((18)F-FDG PET/CT) in the early diagnosis of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) generator pocket infection. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 86 patients with CIEDs were evaluated with (18)F-FDG PET/CT imaging: 46 with suspected generator pocket infection and 40 without any history of infection. (18)F-FDG activity in the region of the generator pocket was expressed as a semi-quantitative ratio (SQR)-defined as the maximum count rate around the CIED divided by the mean count rate between normal right and left lung parenchyma. All patients underwent standard clinical management, independent of the PET/CT result. Patients with suspected generator pocket infection that required CIED extraction (n = 32) had significantly higher (18)F-FDG activity compared with those that did not (n = 14), and compared with controls (n = 40) [SQR: 4.80 (3.18-7.05) vs. 1.40 (0.88-1.73) vs. 1.10 (0.98-1.40), respectively; P < 0.001]. On receiver operator characteristic analysis, SQR had a high diagnostic accuracy (area under curve = 0.98) for the early identification of patients with confirmed infection (i.e. those ultimately needing extraction)-with an optimal SQR cut-off value of >2.0 (sensitivity = 97%; specificity = 98%). CONCLUSION This study highlights the potential benefits of evaluating patients with suspected CIED generator pocket infection using (18)F-FDG PET/CT. In this study, (18)F-FDG PET/CT had a high diagnostic accuracy in the early diagnosis of CIED generator pocket infection, even where initial clinical signs were underwhelming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fozia Zahir Ahmed
- Cardiovascular Institute, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Department of Cardiology, Manchester Heart Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Jacqueline James
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Colin Cunnington
- Department of Cardiology, Manchester Heart Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Manish Motwani
- Department of Cardiology, Manchester Heart Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Catherine Fullwood
- Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jacquelyn Hooper
- Department of Cardiology, Manchester Heart Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Phillipa Burns
- Department of Microbiology, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Ahmed Qamruddin
- Department of Microbiology, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Ghada Al-Bahrani
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Ian Armstrong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Deborah Tout
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Bernard Clarke
- Cardiovascular Institute, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Department of Cardiology, Manchester Heart Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Jonathan A T Sandoe
- Department of Microbiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, and University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Parthiban Arumugam
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Mamas A Mamas
- Cardiovascular Institute, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Department of Cardiology, Manchester Heart Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Amir M Zaidi
- Department of Cardiology, Manchester Heart Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Ahmed FZ, Cunnington C, Khattar RS, Oceandy D, Goode GK, Fitchet A, Zaidi AM, Mamas MA. 7 * Reduced global longitudinal strain one month after RV pacing predicts progression to pacing induced heart failure. Europace 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euu237.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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31
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Cunnington C, Hoschtitzky JA, Hasan R, Clarke B, Mahadevan VS. Percutaneous tricuspid valve-in-valve implantation in Ebstein's anomaly: One-year follow-up of valve function. Int J Cardiol 2014; 174:e77-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.04.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Belfer I, Youngblood V, Darbari DS, Wang Z, Diaw L, Freeman L, Desai K, Dizon M, Allen D, Cunnington C, Channon KM, Milton J, Hartley SW, Nolan V, Kato GJ, Steinberg MH, Goldman D, Taylor JG. A GCH1 haplotype confers sex-specific susceptibility to pain crises and altered endothelial function in adults with sickle cell anemia. Am J Hematol 2014; 89:187-93. [PMID: 24136375 PMCID: PMC4281092 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
GTP cyclohydrolase (GCH1) is rate limiting for tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, where BH4 is a cofactor for nitric oxide (NO) synthases and aromatic hydroxylases. GCH1 polymorphisms are implicated in the pathophysiology of pain, but have not been investigated in African populations. We examined GCH1 and pain in sickle cell anemia where GCH1 rs8007267 was a risk factor for pain crises in discovery (n = 228; odds ratio [OR] 2.26; P = 0.009) and replication (n = 513; OR 2.23; P = 0.004) cohorts. In vitro, cells from sickle cell anemia subjects homozygous for the risk allele produced higher BH4. In vivo physiological studies of traits likely to be modulated by GCH1 showed rs8007267 is associated with altered endothelial dependent blood flow in females with SCA (8.42% of variation; P = 0.002). The GCH1 pain association is attributable to an African haplotype with where its sickle cell anemia pain association is limited to females (OR 2.69; 95% CI 1.21-5.94; P = 0.01) and has the opposite directional association described in Europeans independent of global admixture. The presence of a GCH1 haplotype with high BH4 in populations of African ancestry could explain the association of rs8007267 with sickle cell anemia pain crises. The vascular effects of GCH1 and BH4 may also have broader implications for cardiovascular disease in populations of African ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Belfer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Deepika S. Darbari
- Genomic Medicine Section, Hematology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Zhengyuan Wang
- Genomic Medicine Section, Hematology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lena Diaw
- Genomic Medicine Section, Hematology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lita Freeman
- Sickle Cell Vascular Disease Section, Hematology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Krupa Desai
- Genomic Medicine Section, Hematology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael Dizon
- Genomic Medicine Section, Hematology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Darlene Allen
- Sickle Cell Vascular Disease Section, Hematology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Colin Cunnington
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Keith M. Channon
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Milton
- Center of Excellence in Sickle Cell Disease and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen W. Hartley
- Center of Excellence in Sickle Cell Disease and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vikki Nolan
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Gregory J. Kato
- Sickle Cell Vascular Disease Section, Hematology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Martin H. Steinberg
- Center of Excellence in Sickle Cell Disease and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James G. Taylor
- Genomic Medicine Section, Hematology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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Lindsay AC, Biasiolli L, Knight S, Cunnington C, Robson MD, Neubauer S, Kennedy J, Handa A, Choudhury RP. Non-invasive imaging of carotid arterial restenosis using 3T cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2014; 16:5. [PMID: 24400841 PMCID: PMC3895839 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-16-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restenosis of the carotid artery is common following carotid endarterectomy, but analysis of lesion composition has mostly been based on histological study of explanted restenotic lesions. This study investigated the ability of 3T cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) to determine the components of recurrent carotid artery disease and examined whether these differed from primary atherosclerotic plaque. METHODS 50 patients underwent 3T CMR of both carotid arteries using a standard multicontrast protocol: time-of-flight (TOF), T1-weighted (T1W), T2-weighted (T2W), and PD-weighted (PDW) Turbo-Spin-Echo (TSE) sequences. 25 patients had previously undergone carotid endarterectomy (mean time since surgery 1580 days, range 45-6560 days), and 25 with primary asymptomatic atherosclerotic plaques served as controls. Two experienced reviewers analysed the multicontrast CMR images according to the presence or absence of major plaque features and assigned an overall classification type. RESULTS In patients with recurrent carotid disease following endarterectomy, the mean degree of restenosis was 51% (range 30-90%). Three distinct types of restenosis were identified: 5 patients (20%) showed CMR characteristics of fibro-atheromatous tissue, 11 patients (44%) had plaque features consistent with possible myointimal (fibromuscular) hyperplasia, and 6 patients (24%) had recurrent plaque suggestive of further lipid accumulation. Three patients (12%) showed evidence of post-surgical dissection of the carotid intima. Compared to primary atherosclerotic plaques, restenotic plaques were more likely to contain fibro-atheromatous tissue (p = 0.05) and smooth muscle (p < 0.01), and less likely to contain lipid (p < 0.01). Composition did not differ significantly between patients with early and late restenosis. CONCLUSIONS As defined by CMR, restenotic lesions of the carotid artery fall into three distinct types and differ in composition from primary atherosclerotic plaques. If validated by subsequent histological studies, these findings could suggest a role for CMR in detecting high-risk (i.e. lipid-rich) restenotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair C Lindsay
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Luca Biasiolli
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Oxford Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (AVIC), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Steven Knight
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Colin Cunnington
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Matthew D Robson
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Oxford Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (AVIC), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - James Kennedy
- Investigative Medicine Division, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Ashok Handa
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Robin P Choudhury
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Oxford Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (AVIC), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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Cunnington C, Hampshaw SA, Mahadevan VS. Utility of real-time three-dimensional intracardiac echocardiography for patent foramen ovale closure. Heart 2013; 99:1789-90. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2013-304220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Contractor H, Støttrup NB, Cunnington C, Manlhiot C, Diesch J, Ormerod JOM, Jensen R, Bøtker HE, Redington A, Schmidt MR, Ashrafian H, Kharbanda RK. Aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 inhibition blocks remote preconditioning in experimental and human models. Basic Res Cardiol 2013; 108:343. [PMID: 23525499 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-013-0343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH-2) is involved in preconditioning pathways, but its role in remote ischaemic preconditioning (rIPC) is unknown. We investigated its role in animal and human models of rIPC. (i) In a rabbit model of myocardial infarction, rIPC alone reduced infarct size [69 ± 5.8 % (n = 11) to 40 ± 6.5 % (n = 12), P = 0.019]. However, rIPC protection was lost after pre-treatment with the ALDH-2 inhibitor cyanamide (62 ± 7.6 % controls, n = 10, versus 61 ± 6.9 % rIPC after cyanamide, n = 10, P > 0.05). (ii) In a forearm plethysmography model of endothelial ischaemia-reperfusion injury, 24 individuals of Asian ethnic origin underwent combined rIPC and ischaemia-reperfusion (IR). 11 had wild-type (WT) enzyme and 13 carried the Glu504Lys (ALDH2*2) polymorphism (rendering ALDH-2 functionally inactive). In WT individuals, rIPC protected against impairment of response to acetylcholine (P = 0.9), but rIPC failed to protect carriers of Glu504Lys polymorphism (P = 0.004). (iii) In a second model of endothelial IR injury, 12 individuals participated in a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study, receiving the ALDH-2 inhibitor disulfiram 600 mg od or placebo for 48 h prior to assessment of flow-mediated dilation (FMD) before and after combined rIPC and IR. With placebo, rIPC was effective with no difference in FMD before and after IR (6.18 ± 1.03 % and 4.76 ± 0.93 % P = 0.1), but disulfiram inhibited rIPC with a reduction in FMD after IR (7.87 ± 1.27 % and 3.05 ± 0.53 %, P = 0.001). This study demonstrates that ALDH-2 is involved in the rIPC pathway in three distinct rabbit and human models. This has potential implications for future clinical studies of remote conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Contractor
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
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Duncan A, Cunnington C. A holistic approach to managing a patient with heart failure. Future Cardiol 2013; 9:189-92. [PMID: 23463971 DOI: 10.2217/fca.13.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite varied and complex therapeutic strategies for managing patients with heart failure, the prognosis may remain poor in certain groups. Recognition that patients with heart failure frequently require input from many care groups formed the basis of The British Society of Heart Failure Annual Autumn Meeting in London (UK), in November 2012, entitled: 'Heart failure: a multidisciplinary approach'. Experts in cardiology, cardiac surgery, general practice, care of the elderly, palliative care and cardiac imaging shared their knowledge and expertise. The 2-day symposium was attended by over 500 participants from the UK, Europe and North America, and hosted physicians, nurses, scientists, trainees and representatives from the industry, as well as patient and community groups. The symposium, accredited by the Royal College of Physicians and the Royal College of Nursing, focused on the multidisciplinary approach to heart failure, in particular, current therapeutic advances, cardiac remodeling, palliative care, atrial fibrillation, heart rate-lowering therapies, management of acute heart failure and the management of patients with mitral regurgitation and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Duncan
- The Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London, Greater London, SW3 6NP, UK.
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Cunnington C, Garg S, Balachandran KP. Seizure-associated takotsubo cardiomyopathy presenting with unheralded ventricular fibrillation. Int J Cardiol 2012; 162:e21-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.05.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cerrato R, Cunnington C, Crabtree MJ, Antoniades C, Pernow J, Channon KM, Böhm F. Endothelin-1 increases superoxide production in human coronary artery bypass grafts. Life Sci 2012; 91:723-8. [PMID: 22483692 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been shown to increase endothelial superoxide (O(2)(-)) production in experimental animal models. It is unclear whether ET-1 increases O(2)(-) production in humans. We sought to elucidate whether ET-1 increases O(2)(-) production in human vessels and to identify the mechanism behind this effect. MAIN METHODS Segments of internal mammary artery (IMA) and human saphenous vein (HSV) were harvested from 90 patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Paired vessel rings were incubated in the presence and absence of ET-1 (10(-10)M), the ET(A) receptor antagonist BQ123 alone, or in combination with the ET(B) receptor antagonist BQ788 (dual BQ) and known inhibitors of sources of O(2)(-) and further analysed for O(2)(-) production using lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence and DHE fluorescence. KEY FINDINGS ET-1 increased O(2)(-) production in both IMA (2.6 ± 1.5 vs. 1.4 ± 0.8 relative light units/s/mg tissue (RLU); n=33; p < 0.0001) and HSV (1.4 ± 0.8 vs. 1.1 ± 0.6 RLU; n=24; p<0.05). The increase in O(2)(-)production induced by ET-1 in IMA was inhibited by co-incubation with dual BQ (p < 0.05; n=15) and BQ123 (p<0.05; n = 17). Of known O(2)(-) inhibitors, only incubation with Tiron and diphenyleneiodonium resulted in a significant reduction in ET-mediated O(2)(-) production. SIGNIFICANCE ET-1 increases O(2)(-) production especially in human arteries and less so in veins from patients with coronary artery disease via a receptor-dependent pathway involving a flavin dependent enzyme which is likely to be NADPH oxidase. Production of O(2)(-) may be an important factor underlying the negative effects of ET-1 on vascular function such as impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and pro-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cerrato
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine, Cardiology unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Cunnington C, Van Assche T, Shirodaria C, Kylintireas I, Lindsay AC, Lee JM, Antoniades C, Margaritis M, Lee R, Cerrato R, Crabtree MJ, Francis JM, Sayeed R, Ratnatunga C, Pillai R, Choudhury RP, Neubauer S, Channon KM. Systemic and vascular oxidation limits the efficacy of oral tetrahydrobiopterin treatment in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 2012; 125:1356-66. [PMID: 22315282 PMCID: PMC5238935 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.111.038919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endothelial nitric oxide synthase cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) plays a pivotal role in maintaining endothelial function in experimental vascular disease models and in humans. Augmentation of endogenous BH4 levels by oral BH4 treatment has been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy in vascular disease states. We sought to determine the mechanisms relating exogenous BH4 to human vascular function and to determine oral BH4 pharmacokinetics in both plasma and vascular tissue in patients with coronary artery disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty-nine patients with coronary artery disease were randomized to receive low-dose (400 mg/d) or high-dose (700 mg/d) BH4 or placebo for 2 to 6 weeks before coronary artery bypass surgery. Vascular function was quantified by magnetic resonance imaging before and after treatment, along with plasma BH4 levels. Vascular superoxide, endothelial function, and BH4 levels were determined in segments of saphenous vein and internal mammary artery. Oral BH4 treatment significantly augmented BH4 levels in plasma and in saphenous vein (but not internal mammary artery) but also increased levels of the oxidation product dihydrobiopterin (BH2), which lacks endothelial nitric oxide synthase cofactor activity. There was no effect of BH4 treatment on vascular function or superoxide production. Supplementation of human vessels and blood with BH4 ex vivo revealed rapid oxidation of BH4 to BH2 with predominant BH2 uptake by vascular tissue. CONCLUSIONS Oral BH4 treatment augments total biopterin levels in patients with established coronary artery disease but has no net effect on vascular redox state or endothelial function owing to systemic and vascular oxidation of BH4. Alternative strategies are required to target BH4-dependent endothelial function in established vascular disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Cunnington
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Antoniades C, Cunnington C, Antonopoulos A, Neville M, Margaritis M, Demosthenous M, Bendall J, Hale A, Cerrato R, Tousoulis D, Bakogiannis C, Marinou K, Toutouza M, Vlachopoulos C, Leeson P, Stefanadis C, Karpe F, Channon KM. Induction of vascular GTP-cyclohydrolase I and endogenous tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis protect against inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction in human atherosclerosis. Circulation 2011; 124:1860-70. [PMID: 21969008 PMCID: PMC5238937 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.111.029272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endothelial nitric oxide synthase cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is essential for maintenance of enzymatic function. We hypothesized that induction of BH4 synthesis might be an endothelial defense mechanism against inflammation in vascular disease states. METHODS AND RESULTS In Study 1, 20 healthy individuals were randomized to receive Salmonella typhi vaccine (a model of acute inflammation) or placebo in a double-blind study. Vaccination increased circulating BH4 and interleukin 6 and induced endothelial dysfunction (as evaluated by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation) after 8 hours. In Study 2, a functional haplotype (X haplotype) in the GCH1 gene, encoding GTP-cyclohydrolase I, the rate-limiting enzyme in biopterin biosynthesis, was associated with endothelial dysfunction in the presence of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in 440 coronary artery disease patients. In Study 3, 10 patients with coronary artery disease homozygotes for the GCH1 X haplotype (XX) and 40 without the haplotype (OO) underwent S Typhi vaccination. XX patients were unable to increase plasma BH4 and had a greater reduction of flow-mediated dilation than OO patients. In Study 4, vessel segments from 19 patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery were incubated with or without cytokines (interleukin-6/tumor necrosis factor-α/lipopolysaccharide) for 24 hours. Cytokine stimulation upregulated GCH1 expression, increased vascular BH4, and improved vasorelaxation in response to acetylcholine, which was inhibited by the GTP-cyclohydrolase inhibitor 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine. CONCLUSIONS The ability to increase vascular GCH1 expression and BH4 synthesis in response to inflammation preserves endothelial function in inflammatory states. These novel findings identify BH4 as a vascular defense mechanism against inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalambos Antoniades
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Hedley Way, OX3 9DU, Oxford, UK
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Antoniades CA, Antonopoulos AS, Van-Asche T, Cunnington C, Tousouslis D, Bakogiannis C, Demosthenous M, Ratnatunga C, Stefanadis C, Channon KM. RAPID, DIRECT EFFECTS OF STATIN TREATMENT ON ARTERIAL REDOX STATE AND NITRIC OXIDE BIOAVAILABILITY IN HUMAN ATHEROSCLEROSIS VIA TETRAHYDROBIOPTERIN-MEDIATED ENOS COUPLING. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(11)62022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) functions as a cofactor in several important enzyme systems. Substantial evidence implicates BH4 as a key regulator of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the setting of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Investigators have now taken early steps in addressing the potential of BH4 as a therapeutic strategy. However, it has become more apparent that the role of BH4 in other enzymatic pathways, including other NOS isoforms and the aromatic amino acid hydroxylases, may have a bearing on important aspects of cardiovascular homeostasis. Together with eNOS, these enzymes may play key roles in diverse cardiovascular disease states such as ischaemia-reperfusion injury, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac autonomic function and pulmonary hypertension. This review provides an overview of the role of BH4 in cardiovascular pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Cunnington
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Cunnington C, Van Assche T, Shirodaria C, Kylintireas I, Lindsay AC, Lee JMS, Francis JM, Sayeed R, Ratnatunga C, Pillai R, Choudhury RP, Neubauer S, Channon KM. B Chronic oral tetrahydrobiopterin treatment in patients with coronary artery disease elevates total biopterin levels but does not improve biopterin redox status or vascular function: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Heart 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2010.196113.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Lazdam M, Kylintireas I, Cunnington C, Diesch J, Trevitt C, Channon K, Neubauer S, Singhal A, Leeson P. 075 Endothelial function during adolescence predicts left ventricular mass in early adult life. Heart 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2010.195966.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Cunnington C, Channon KM. Uncoupling of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527629589.ch14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Antoniades CA, Van-Assche T, Cunnington C, Tousoulis D, Shirodaria C, Stefanadis C, Hingorani A, Deanfield J, Channon KM, Neubauer S, Watkins H, Leeson P. CHROMOSOME 9P21 LOCUS IS ASSOCIATED WITH VASCULAR STIFFNESS AND CDKN2A EXPRESSION IN HUMAN ARTERIES FROM PATIENTS UNDERGOING CORONARY ARTERY SURGERY. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(10)61451-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Antoniades C, Van-Assche T, Shirodaria C, Diesch J, Antonopoulos AS, Lee J, Cunnington C, Tousoulis D, Stefanadis C, Casadei B, Taggart D, Channon KM, Leeson P. Preoperative sCD40L levels predict risk of atrial fibrillation after off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Circulation 2009; 120:S170-6. [PMID: 19752364 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.108.843599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) after coronary bypass surgery has been related to redox state, inflammation, and ischemia. Platelet activation is common to all of these pathways. We investigated the relation between AF and preoperative soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), a proinflammatory marker released by activated platelets. Furthermore, we studied the role of inflammation, endothelial function, and redox state in this relation. METHODS AND RESULTS sCD40L levels were measured in 144 patients in sinus rhythm the day before off-pump coronary artery surgery. Systemic inflammation was assessed from levels of C-reactive protein and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and endothelial function was assessed from the brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation response. Graft samples were collected during surgery to assess vascular redox state. AF occurred in 33% of patients after surgery, with 3% still in AF after 6 weeks. Preoperative sCD40L levels were significantly higher in those who developed in-hospital AF (odds ratio for a 1-SD increase in log[sCD40L]=1.97; 95% CI, 1.21 to 3.22; P=0.007; after adjustment for age, sex, Euroscore, and total duration of operation). sCD40L and vascular superoxide levels were higher in patients still in AF at 6 weeks, and endothelial function was lower, although the small number of events precluded statistical analysis in this group. Systemic endothelial function, redox state, and preoperative markers of systemic inflammation were not associated with in-hospital postoperative AF. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative platelet activation, as assessed by sCD40L levels, is a novel predictor of postoperative AF, independent of systemic endothelial function, vascular redox state, and systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalambos Antoniades
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK
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Antoniades C, Shirodaria C, Leeson P, Baarholm OA, Van-Assche T, Cunnington C, Pillai R, Ratnatunga C, Tousoulis D, Stefanadis C, Refsum H, Channon KM. MTHFR 677 C>T Polymorphism reveals functional importance for 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, not homocysteine, in regulation of vascular redox state and endothelial function in human atherosclerosis. Circulation 2009; 119:2507-15. [PMID: 19398669 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.108.808675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of circulating homocysteine as an atherosclerosis risk factor has recently been questioned. However, 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), the circulating metabolite of folic acid participating in homocysteine metabolism, has direct effects on vascular function. We sought to distinguish the effects of plasma versus vascular tissue 5-MTHF and homocysteine on vascular redox and endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability in human vessels. METHODS AND RESULTS We used the methyl tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphism 677C>T as a model of chronic exposure of the vascular wall to varying 5-MTHF levels in 218 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Vascular superoxide, vascular 5-MTHF, and total homocysteine were determined in saphenous veins and internal mammary arteries obtained during surgery. Nitric oxide bioavailability was evaluated by organ bath studies on saphenous vein rings. MTHFR genotype was a determinant of vascular 5-MTHF (not vascular homocysteine). Both MTHFR genotype and vascular 5-MTHF were associated with vascular nitric oxide bioavailability and superoxide generated by uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase. In contrast, vascular homocysteine was associated only with NADPH-stimulated superoxide. CONCLUSIONS Genetic polymorphism 677 C>T on MTHFR affects vascular 5-MTHF (but not homocysteine) and can be used as a model to distinguish the chronic effects of vascular 5-MTHF from homocysteine on vascular wall. Vascular 5-MTHF, rather than plasma or vascular homocysteine, is a key regulator of endothelial nitric oxide synthase coupling and nitric oxide bioavailability in human vessels, suggesting that plasma homocysteine is an indirect marker of 5-MTHF rather than a primary regulator of endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalambos Antoniades
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Antoniades C, Shirodaria C, Leeson P, Antonopoulos A, Warrick N, Van-Assche T, Cunnington C, Tousoulis D, Pillai R, Ratnatunga C, Stefanadis C, Channon KM. Association of plasma asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) with elevated vascular superoxide production and endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling: implications for endothelial function in human atherosclerosis. Eur Heart J 2009; 30:1142-50. [PMID: 19297385 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), is considered to be a risk factor for atherosclerosis. However, the mechanisms relating ADMA with vascular function have been evaluated in vitro and in animal models, but its effect in human vasculature is unclear. AIMS We examined the impact of serum ADMA on endothelial nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and vascular superoxide radical (O2-) production in patients with advanced atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Paired samples of saphenous veins (SVs) and internal mammary arteries (IMAs) were collected from 201 patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery, and serum ADMA was measured pre-operatively. The vasomotor responses of SV segments to acetylcholine (ACh) and bradykinin (Bk) were evaluated ex vivo. Vascular O2- was measured in paired SV and IMA by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. The l-NAME-inhibitable as well as the NADPH-stimulated vascular O2- generation was also determined by chemiluminescence. High serum ADMA levels were associated with decreased vasorelaxation of SV to ACh (P < 0.05) and Bk (P < 0.05). Similarly, high serum ADMA was associated with higher total O2- production in both SVs and IMAs (P < 0.05) and greater L-NAME-inhibitable vascular O2- (P < 0.05). However, serum ADMA was not associated with NADPH-stimulated vascular O2-. In multivariable linear regression, serum ADMA was independently associated with vascular O2- in both SVs [beta (SE): 0.987 (0.412), P = 0.019] and IMAs [beta (SE): 1.905 (0.541), P = 0.001]. Asymmetrical dimethylarginine was also independently associated with maximum vasorelaxation in response to both ACh [beta (SE): 14.252 (3.976), P = 0.001] and Bk [beta (SE): 9.564 (3.762), P = 0.013]. CONCLUSION This is the first study that demonstrates an association between ADMA and important measures of vascular function, such as vascular O2- production and NO bioavailability directly in human vessels. Although serum ADMA has no effect on NADPH-stimulated superoxide in intact vessels, it is associated with greater eNOS uncoupling in the human vascular endothelium of patients with coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalambos Antoniades
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
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Kylintireas I, Cunnington C, Kohler M, Diesch J, Trevitt C, Choudhury R, Petersen S, Neubauer S, Robson M, Leeson P. Relationship of aortic stiffness measured by cardiovascular magnetic resonance to arterial stiffness estimates by tonometry. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2009. [PMCID: PMC7860829 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-11-s1-p230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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