1
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Lee SY, Kozalakis K, Baftizadeh F, Campagnola L, Jarsky T, Koch C, Anastassiou CA. Cell class-specific electric field entrainment of neural activity. bioRxiv 2024:2023.02.14.528526. [PMID: 36824721 PMCID: PMC9948976 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.14.528526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Electric fields affect the activity of neurons and brain circuits, yet how this interaction happens at the cellular level remains enigmatic. Lack of understanding on how to stimulate the human brain to promote or suppress specific activity patterns significantly limits basic research and clinical applications. Here we study how electric fields impact the subthreshold and spiking properties of major cortical neuronal classes. We find that cortical neurons in rodent neocortex and hippocampus as well as human cortex exhibit strong and cell class-dependent entrainment that depends on the stimulation frequency. Excitatory pyramidal neurons with their typically slower spike rate entrain to slow and fast electric fields, while inhibitory classes like Pvalb and SST with their fast spiking predominantly phase lock to fast fields. We show this spike-field entrainment is the result of two effects: non-specific membrane polarization occurring across classes and class-specific excitability properties. Importantly, these properties of spike-field and class-specific entrainment are present in cells across cortical areas and species (mouse and human). These findings open the door to the design of selective and class-specific neuromodulation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Yeun Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Konstantinos Kozalakis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | | | - Luke Campagnola
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Tim Jarsky
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Christof Koch
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Costas A Anastassiou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
- Center for Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
- Lead contact:
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2
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Wei Y, Nandi A, Jia X, Siegle JH, Denman D, Lee SY, Buchin A, Van Geit W, Mosher CP, Olsen S, Anastassiou CA. Associations between in vitro, in vivo and in silico cell classes in mouse primary visual cortex. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2344. [PMID: 37095130 PMCID: PMC10126114 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37844-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain consists of many cell classes yet in vivo electrophysiology recordings are typically unable to identify and monitor their activity in the behaving animal. Here, we employed a systematic approach to link cellular, multi-modal in vitro properties from experiments with in vivo recorded units via computational modeling and optotagging experiments. We found two one-channel and six multi-channel clusters in mouse visual cortex with distinct in vivo properties in terms of activity, cortical depth, and behavior. We used biophysical models to map the two one- and the six multi-channel clusters to specific in vitro classes with unique morphology, excitability and conductance properties that explain their distinct extracellular signatures and functional characteristics. These concepts were tested in ground-truth optotagging experiments with two inhibitory classes unveiling distinct in vivo properties. This multi-modal approach presents a powerful way to separate in vivo clusters and infer their cellular properties from first principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina Wei
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China.
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| | - Anirban Nandi
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Xiaoxuan Jia
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- School of Life Sciences/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Soo Yeun Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Anatoly Buchin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Cajal Neuroscience Inc, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA
| | - Werner Van Geit
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Campus Biotech, Geneva, 1202, Switzerland
| | - Clayton P Mosher
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Shawn Olsen
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Costas A Anastassiou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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3
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Wei Y, Nandi A, Jia X, Siegle JH, Denman D, Lee SY, Buchin A, Geit WV, Mosher CP, Olsen S, Anastassiou CA. Associations between in vitro , in vivo and in silico cell classes in mouse primary visual cortex. bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.17.532851. [PMID: 37131710 PMCID: PMC10153154 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.17.532851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The brain consists of many cell classes yet in vivo electrophysiology recordings are typically unable to identify and monitor their activity in the behaving animal. Here, we employed a systematic approach to link cellular, multi-modal in vitro properties from experiments with in vivo recorded units via computational modeling and optotagging experiments. We found two one-channel and six multi-channel clusters in mouse visual cortex with distinct in vivo properties in terms of activity, cortical depth, and behavior. We used biophysical models to map the two one- and the six multi-channel clusters to specific in vitro classes with unique morphology, excitability and conductance properties that explain their distinct extracellular signatures and functional characteristics. These concepts were tested in ground-truth optotagging experiments with two inhibitory classes unveiling distinct in vivo properties. This multi-modal approach presents a powerful way to separate in vivo clusters and infer their cellular properties from first principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina Wei
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311100, China
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Anirban Nandi
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Xiaoxuan Jia
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | | | | | - Soo Yeun Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Anatoly Buchin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Cajal Neuroscience Inc, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Werner Van Geit
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Campus Biotech, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
| | - Clayton P. Mosher
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Shawn Olsen
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Costas A. Anastassiou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Lead contact
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4
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Buchin A, de Frates R, Nandi A, Mann R, Chong P, Ng L, Miller J, Hodge R, Kalmbach B, Bose S, Rutishauser U, McConoughey S, Lein E, Berg J, Sorensen S, Gwinn R, Koch C, Ting J, Anastassiou CA. Multi-modal characterization and simulation of human epileptic circuitry. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111873. [PMID: 36577383 PMCID: PMC9841067 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy is the fourth most common neurological disorder, with about 40% of patients not responding to pharmacological treatment. Increased cellular loss is linked to disease severity and pathological phenotypes such as heightened seizure propensity. While the hippocampus is the target of therapeutic interventions, the impact of the disease at the cellular level remains unclear. Here, we show that hippocampal granule cells change with disease progression as measured in living, resected hippocampal tissue excised from patients with epilepsy. We show that granule cells increase excitability and shorten response latency while also enlarging in cellular volume and spine density. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing combined with simulations ascribes the changes to three conductances: BK, Cav2.2, and Kir2.1. In a network model, we show that these changes related to disease progression bring the circuit into a more excitable state, while reversing them produces a less excitable, "early-disease-like" state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Buchin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA,Present address: Cajal Neuroscience, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA,Correspondence: (A.B.), (C.A.A.)
| | - Rebecca de Frates
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Anirban Nandi
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Rusty Mann
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter Chong
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lindsay Ng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Brian Kalmbach
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA,University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Soumita Bose
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA,CiperHealth, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ueli Rutishauser
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA,Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA,Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Stephen McConoughey
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA,Present address: Institute for Advanced Clinical Trials for Children, 9200 Corporate Blvd, Suite 350, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Ed Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA,University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jim Berg
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jonathan Ting
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA,University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Costas A. Anastassiou
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA,Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA,Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA,Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence: (A.B.), (C.A.A.)
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5
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Nandi A, Chartrand T, Van Geit W, Buchin A, Yao Z, Lee SY, Wei Y, Kalmbach B, Lee B, Lein E, Berg J, Sümbül U, Koch C, Tasic B, Anastassiou CA. Single-neuron models linking electrophysiology, morphology, and transcriptomics across cortical cell types. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111659. [PMID: 36351398 PMCID: PMC9797078 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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6
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Nandi A, Chartrand T, Van Geit W, Buchin A, Yao Z, Lee SY, Wei Y, Kalmbach B, Lee B, Lein E, Berg J, Sümbül U, Koch C, Tasic B, Anastassiou CA. Single-neuron models linking electrophysiology, morphology, and transcriptomics across cortical cell types. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111176. [PMID: 35947954 PMCID: PMC9793758 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Which cell types constitute brain circuits is a fundamental question, but establishing the correspondence across cellular data modalities is challenging. Bio-realistic models allow probing cause-and-effect and linking seemingly disparate modalities. Here, we introduce a computational optimization workflow to generate 9,200 single-neuron models with active conductances. These models are based on 230 in vitro electrophysiological experiments followed by morphological reconstruction from the mouse visual cortex. We show that, in contrast to current belief, the generated models are robust representations of individual experiments and cortical cell types as defined via cellular electrophysiology or transcriptomics. Next, we show that differences in specific conductances predicted from the models reflect differences in gene expression supported by single-cell transcriptomics. The differences in model conductances, in turn, explain electrophysiological differences observed between the cortical subclasses. Our computational effort reconciles single-cell modalities that define cell types and enables causal relationships to be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Nandi
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Thomas Chartrand
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Werner Van Geit
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva 1202, Switzerland,These authors contributed equally
| | - Anatoly Buchin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Zizhen Yao
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Soo Yeun Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yina Wei
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA,Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 311121, China
| | - Brian Kalmbach
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Brian Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ed Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jim Berg
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Uygar Sümbül
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Christof Koch
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Bosiljka Tasic
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Costas A. Anastassiou
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA,Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA,Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA,Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence:
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7
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Schneider-Mizell CM, Bodor AL, Collman F, Brittain D, Bleckert A, Dorkenwald S, Turner NL, Macrina T, Lee K, Lu R, Wu J, Zhuang J, Nandi A, Hu B, Buchanan J, Takeno MM, Torres R, Mahalingam G, Bumbarger DJ, Li Y, Chartrand T, Kemnitz N, Silversmith WM, Ih D, Zung J, Zlateski A, Tartavull I, Popovych S, Wong W, Castro M, Jordan CS, Froudarakis E, Becker L, Suckow S, Reimer J, Tolias AS, Anastassiou CA, Seung HS, Reid RC, da Costa NM. Structure and function of axo-axonic inhibition. eLife 2021; 10:e73783. [PMID: 34851292 PMCID: PMC8758143 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory neurons in mammalian cortex exhibit diverse physiological, morphological, molecular, and connectivity signatures. While considerable work has measured the average connectivity of several interneuron classes, there remains a fundamental lack of understanding of the connectivity distribution of distinct inhibitory cell types with synaptic resolution, how it relates to properties of target cells, and how it affects function. Here, we used large-scale electron microscopy and functional imaging to address these questions for chandelier cells in layer 2/3 of the mouse visual cortex. With dense reconstructions from electron microscopy, we mapped the complete chandelier input onto 153 pyramidal neurons. We found that synapse number is highly variable across the population and is correlated with several structural features of the target neuron. This variability in the number of axo-axonic ChC synapses is higher than the variability seen in perisomatic inhibition. Biophysical simulations show that the observed pattern of axo-axonic inhibition is particularly effective in controlling excitatory output when excitation and inhibition are co-active. Finally, we measured chandelier cell activity in awake animals using a cell-type-specific calcium imaging approach and saw highly correlated activity across chandelier cells. In the same experiments, in vivo chandelier population activity correlated with pupil dilation, a proxy for arousal. Together, these results suggest that chandelier cells provide a circuit-wide signal whose strength is adjusted relative to the properties of target neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnes L Bodor
- Allen Institute for Brain SciencesSeattleUnited States
| | | | | | - Adam Bleckert
- Allen Institute for Brain SciencesSeattleUnited States
| | - Sven Dorkenwald
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
- Computer Science Department, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Nicholas L Turner
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
- Computer Science Department, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Thomas Macrina
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
- Computer Science Department, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Kisuk Lee
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
- Brain & Cognitive Sciences Department, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Ran Lu
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Jingpeng Wu
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Jun Zhuang
- Allen Institute for Brain SciencesSeattleUnited States
| | - Anirban Nandi
- Allen Institute for Brain SciencesSeattleUnited States
| | - Brian Hu
- Allen Institute for Brain SciencesSeattleUnited States
| | | | - Marc M Takeno
- Allen Institute for Brain SciencesSeattleUnited States
| | - Russel Torres
- Allen Institute for Brain SciencesSeattleUnited States
| | | | | | - Yang Li
- Allen Institute for Brain SciencesSeattleUnited States
| | | | - Nico Kemnitz
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | | | - Dodam Ih
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Jonathan Zung
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Aleksandar Zlateski
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Ignacio Tartavull
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Sergiy Popovych
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
- Computer Science Department, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - William Wong
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Manuel Castro
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Chris S Jordan
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Emmanouil Froudarakis
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Lynne Becker
- Allen Institute for Brain SciencesSeattleUnited States
| | - Shelby Suckow
- Allen Institute for Brain SciencesSeattleUnited States
| | - Jacob Reimer
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Andreas S Tolias
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice UniversityHoustonUnited States
| | - Costas A Anastassiou
- Allen Institute for Brain SciencesSeattleUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - H Sebastian Seung
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
- Computer Science Department, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - R Clay Reid
- Allen Institute for Brain SciencesSeattleUnited States
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8
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Mosher CP, Wei Y, Kamiński J, Nandi A, Mamelak AN, Anastassiou CA, Rutishauser U. Cellular Classes in the Human Brain Revealed In Vivo by Heartbeat-Related Modulation of the Extracellular Action Potential Waveform. Cell Rep 2021; 30:3536-3551.e6. [PMID: 32160555 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining cell types is critical for understanding neural circuits but remains elusive in the living human brain. Current approaches discriminate units into putative cell classes using features of the extracellular action potential (EAP); in absence of ground truth data, this remains a problematic procedure. We find that EAPs in deep structures of the brain exhibit robust and systematic variability during the cardiac cycle. These cardiac-related features refine neural classification. We use these features to link bio-realistic models generated from in vitro human whole-cell recordings of morphologically classified neurons to in vivo recordings. We differentiate aspiny inhibitory and spiny excitatory human hippocampal neurons and, in a second stage, demonstrate that cardiac-motion features reveal two types of spiny neurons with distinct intrinsic electrophysiological properties and phase-locking characteristics to endogenous oscillations. This multi-modal approach markedly improves cell classification in humans, offers interpretable cell classes, and is applicable to other brain areas and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton P Mosher
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Yina Wei
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jan Kamiński
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Anirban Nandi
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Adam N Mamelak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Costas A Anastassiou
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Ueli Rutishauser
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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9
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Gouwens NW, Sorensen SA, Berg J, Lee C, Jarsky T, Ting J, Sunkin SM, Feng D, Anastassiou CA, Barkan E, Bickley K, Blesie N, Braun T, Brouner K, Budzillo A, Caldejon S, Casper T, Castelli D, Chong P, Crichton K, Cuhaciyan C, Daigle TL, Dalley R, Dee N, Desta T, Ding SL, Dingman S, Doperalski A, Dotson N, Egdorf T, Fisher M, de Frates RA, Garren E, Garwood M, Gary A, Gaudreault N, Godfrey K, Gorham M, Gu H, Habel C, Hadley K, Harrington J, Harris JA, Henry A, Hill D, Josephsen S, Kebede S, Kim L, Kroll M, Lee B, Lemon T, Link KE, Liu X, Long B, Mann R, McGraw M, Mihalas S, Mukora A, Murphy GJ, Ng L, Ngo K, Nguyen TN, Nicovich PR, Oldre A, Park D, Parry S, Perkins J, Potekhina L, Reid D, Robertson M, Sandman D, Schroedter M, Slaughterbeck C, Soler-Llavina G, Sulc J, Szafer A, Tasic B, Taskin N, Teeter C, Thatra N, Tung H, Wakeman W, Williams G, Young R, Zhou Z, Farrell C, Peng H, Hawrylycz MJ, Lein E, Ng L, Arkhipov A, Bernard A, Phillips JW, Zeng H, Koch C. Classification of electrophysiological and morphological neuron types in the mouse visual cortex. Nat Neurosci 2019; 22:1182-1195. [PMID: 31209381 PMCID: PMC8078853 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-019-0417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the diversity of cell types in the brain has been an enduring challenge and requires detailed characterization of individual neurons in multiple dimensions. To systematically profile morpho-electric properties of mammalian neurons, we established a single-cell characterization pipeline using standardized patch-clamp recordings in brain slices and biocytin-based neuronal reconstructions. We built a publicly accessible online database, the Allen Cell Types Database, to display these datasets. Intrinsic physiological properties were measured from 1,938 neurons from the adult laboratory mouse visual cortex, morphological properties were measured from 461 reconstructed neurons, and 452 neurons had both measurements available. Quantitative features were used to classify neurons into distinct types using unsupervised methods. We established a taxonomy of morphologically and electrophysiologically defined cell types for this region of the cortex, with 17 electrophysiological types, 38 morphological types and 46 morpho-electric types. There was good correspondence with previously defined transcriptomic cell types and subclasses using the same transgenic mouse lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jim Berg
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Changkyu Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tim Jarsky
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jonathan Ting
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Susan M Sunkin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David Feng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Eliza Barkan
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kris Bickley
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nicole Blesie
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Thomas Braun
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Krissy Brouner
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Agata Budzillo
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Tamara Casper
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dan Castelli
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter Chong
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Tanya L Daigle
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rachel Dalley
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nick Dee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tsega Desta
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Song-Lin Ding
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Samuel Dingman
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Tom Egdorf
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Fisher
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Emma Garren
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Amanda Gary
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Keith Godfrey
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Melissa Gorham
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hong Gu
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Caroline Habel
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kristen Hadley
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Julie A Harris
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alex Henry
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - DiJon Hill
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sam Josephsen
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sara Kebede
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lisa Kim
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Matthew Kroll
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brian Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tracy Lemon
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brian Long
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rusty Mann
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Medea McGraw
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stefan Mihalas
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alice Mukora
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Gabe J Murphy
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lindsay Ng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kiet Ngo
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Aaron Oldre
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Daniel Park
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sheana Parry
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jed Perkins
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - David Reid
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - David Sandman
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | - Josef Sulc
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Aaron Szafer
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Bosiljka Tasic
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Naz Taskin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Corinne Teeter
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Herman Tung
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Wayne Wakeman
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Grace Williams
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rob Young
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Colin Farrell
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hanchuan Peng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Ed Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lydia Ng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anton Arkhipov
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Amy Bernard
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| | - Christof Koch
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
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10
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Kalmbach BE, Buchin A, Long B, Close J, Nandi A, Miller JA, Bakken TE, Hodge RD, Chong P, de Frates R, Dai K, Maltzer Z, Nicovich PR, Keene CD, Silbergeld DL, Gwinn RP, Cobbs C, Ko AL, Ojemann JG, Koch C, Anastassiou CA, Lein ES, Ting JT. h-Channels Contribute to Divergent Intrinsic Membrane Properties of Supragranular Pyramidal Neurons in Human versus Mouse Cerebral Cortex. Neuron 2018; 100:1194-1208.e5. [PMID: 30392798 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression studies suggest that differential ion channel expression contributes to differences in rodent versus human neuronal physiology. We tested whether h-channels more prominently contribute to the physiological properties of human compared to mouse supragranular pyramidal neurons. Single-cell/nucleus RNA sequencing revealed ubiquitous HCN1-subunit expression in excitatory neurons in human, but not mouse, supragranular layers. Using patch-clamp recordings, we found stronger h-channel-related membrane properties in supragranular pyramidal neurons in human temporal cortex, compared to mouse supragranular pyramidal neurons in temporal association area. The magnitude of these differences depended upon cortical depth and was largest in pyramidal neurons in deep L3. Additionally, pharmacologically blocking h-channels produced a larger change in membrane properties in human compared to mouse neurons. Finally, using biophysical modeling, we provide evidence that h-channels promote the transfer of theta frequencies from dendrite-to-soma in human L3 pyramidal neurons. Thus, h-channels contribute to between-species differences in a fundamental neuronal property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Kalmbach
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Anatoly Buchin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Brian Long
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jennie Close
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Anirban Nandi
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | | | - Peter Chong
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Kael Dai
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Zoe Maltzer
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Daniel L Silbergeld
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ryder P Gwinn
- Epilepsy Surgery and Functional Neurosurgery, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
| | - Charles Cobbs
- The Ben and Catherine Ivy Center for Advanced Brain Tumor Treatment, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
| | - Andrew L Ko
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Regional Epilepsy Center at Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Ojemann
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Regional Epilepsy Center at Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Christof Koch
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Costas A Anastassiou
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ed S Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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11
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Gratiy SL, Billeh YN, Dai K, Mitelut C, Feng D, Gouwens NW, Cain N, Koch C, Anastassiou CA, Arkhipov A. BioNet: A Python interface to NEURON for modeling large-scale networks. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201630. [PMID: 30071069 PMCID: PMC6072024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a significant interest in the neuroscience community in the development of large-scale network models that would integrate diverse sets of experimental data to help elucidate mechanisms underlying neuronal activity and computations. Although powerful numerical simulators (e.g., NEURON, NEST) exist, data-driven large-scale modeling remains challenging due to difficulties involved in setting up and running network simulations. We developed a high-level application programming interface (API) in Python that facilitates building large-scale biophysically detailed networks and simulating them with NEURON on parallel computer architecture. This tool, termed "BioNet", is designed to support a modular workflow whereby the description of a constructed model is saved as files that could be subsequently loaded for further refinement and/or simulation. The API supports both NEURON's built-in as well as user-defined models of cells and synapses. It is capable of simulating a variety of observables directly supported by NEURON (e.g., spikes, membrane voltage, intracellular [Ca++]), as well as plugging in modules for computing additional observables (e.g. extracellular potential). The high-level API platform obviates the time-consuming development of custom code for implementing individual models, and enables easy model sharing via standardized files. This tool will help refocus neuroscientists on addressing outstanding scientific questions rather than developing narrow-purpose modeling code.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kael Dai
- Allen Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | | | - David Feng
- Allen Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | | | - Nicholas Cain
- Allen Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Christof Koch
- Allen Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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12
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Jun JJ, Steinmetz NA, Siegle JH, Denman DJ, Bauza M, Barbarits B, Lee AK, Anastassiou CA, Andrei A, Aydın Ç, Barbic M, Blanche TJ, Bonin V, Couto J, Dutta B, Gratiy SL, Gutnisky DA, Häusser M, Karsh B, Ledochowitsch P, Lopez CM, Mitelut C, Musa S, Okun M, Pachitariu M, Putzeys J, Rich PD, Rossant C, Sun WL, Svoboda K, Carandini M, Harris KD, Koch C, O'Keefe J, Harris TD. Fully integrated silicon probes for high-density recording of neural activity. Nature 2017; 551:232-236. [PMID: 29120427 PMCID: PMC5955206 DOI: 10.1038/nature24636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 951] [Impact Index Per Article: 135.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sensory, motor and cognitive operations involve the coordinated action of large neuronal populations across multiple brain regions in both superficial and deep structures. Existing extracellular probes record neural activity with excellent spatial and temporal (sub-millisecond) resolution, but from only a few dozen neurons per shank. Optical Ca2+ imaging offers more coverage but lacks the temporal resolution needed to distinguish individual spikes reliably and does not measure local field potentials. Until now, no technology compatible with use in unrestrained animals has combined high spatiotemporal resolution with large volume coverage. Here we design, fabricate and test a new silicon probe known as Neuropixels to meet this need. Each probe has 384 recording channels that can programmably address 960 complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) processing-compatible low-impedance TiN sites that tile a single 10-mm long, 70 × 20-μm cross-section shank. The 6 × 9-mm probe base is fabricated with the shank on a single chip. Voltage signals are filtered, amplified, multiplexed and digitized on the base, allowing the direct transmission of noise-free digital data from the probe. The combination of dense recording sites and high channel count yielded well-isolated spiking activity from hundreds of neurons per probe implanted in mice and rats. Using two probes, more than 700 well-isolated single neurons were recorded simultaneously from five brain structures in an awake mouse. The fully integrated functionality and small size of Neuropixels probes allowed large populations of neurons from several brain structures to be recorded in freely moving animals. This combination of high-performance electrode technology and scalable chip fabrication methods opens a path towards recording of brain-wide neural activity during behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Jun
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Dr., Ashburn, VA 20147
| | - Nicholas A. Steinmetz
- UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6DE, UK
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Joshua H. Siegle
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Daniel J. Denman
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Marius Bauza
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Sainsbury Wellcome Center, University College London, London W1T 4JG, UK
| | - Brian Barbarits
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Dr., Ashburn, VA 20147
| | - Albert K. Lee
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Dr., Ashburn, VA 20147
| | | | | | - Çağatay Aydın
- Neuro-Electronics Research Flanders, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Biology, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mladen Barbic
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Dr., Ashburn, VA 20147
| | - Timothy J. Blanche
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109
- White Matter LLC, Seattle, USA
| | - Vincent Bonin
- imec, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Heverlee, Leuven Belgium
- Neuro-Electronics Research Flanders, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Biology, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- VIB, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - João Couto
- Neuro-Electronics Research Flanders, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Biology, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Sergey L. Gratiy
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109
| | | | - Michael Häusser
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6DE, UK
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Bill Karsh
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Dr., Ashburn, VA 20147
| | | | | | - Catalin Mitelut
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Silke Musa
- imec, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Heverlee, Leuven Belgium
| | - Michael Okun
- UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6DE, UK
- Centre for Systems Neuroscience, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7QR, UK
| | - Marius Pachitariu
- UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6DE, UK
| | - Jan Putzeys
- imec, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Heverlee, Leuven Belgium
| | - P. Dylan Rich
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Dr., Ashburn, VA 20147
| | - Cyrille Rossant
- UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6DE, UK
| | - Wei-lung Sun
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Dr., Ashburn, VA 20147
| | - Karel Svoboda
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Dr., Ashburn, VA 20147
| | - Matteo Carandini
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Kenneth D. Harris
- UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6DE, UK
| | - Christof Koch
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - John O'Keefe
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Sainsbury Wellcome Center, University College London, London W1T 4JG, UK
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13
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Gratiy SL, Halnes G, Denman D, Hawrylycz MJ, Koch C, Einevoll GT, Anastassiou CA. From Maxwell's equations to the theory of current-source density analysis. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 45:1013-1023. [PMID: 28177156 PMCID: PMC5413824 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of current‐source density (CSD) analysis of extracellular potential recordings in the brain, the physical mechanisms responsible for the generation of the signal are still debated. While the extracellular potential is thought to be exclusively generated by the transmembrane currents, recent studies suggest that extracellular diffusive, advective and displacement currents—traditionally neglected—may also contribute considerably toward extracellular potential recordings. Here, we first justify the application of the electro‐quasistatic approximation of Maxwell's equations to describe the electromagnetic field of physiological origin. Subsequently, we perform spatial averaging of currents in neural tissue to arrive at the notion of the CSD and derive an equation relating it to the extracellular potential. We show that, in general, the extracellular potential is determined by the CSD of membrane currents as well as the gradients of the putative extracellular diffusion current. The diffusion current can contribute significantly to the extracellular potential at frequencies less than a few Hertz; in which case it must be subtracted to obtain correct CSD estimates. We also show that the advective and displacement currents in the extracellular space are negligible for physiological frequencies while, within cellular membrane, displacement current contributes toward the CSD as a capacitive current. Taken together, these findings elucidate the relationship between electric currents and the extracellular potential in brain tissue and form the necessary foundation for the analysis of extracellular recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geir Halnes
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Daniel Denman
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | | | - Christof Koch
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Gaute T Einevoll
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway.,Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Costas A Anastassiou
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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14
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Schaub MT, Billeh YN, Anastassiou CA, Koch C, Barahona M. Emergence of Slow-Switching Assemblies in Structured Neuronal Networks. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004196. [PMID: 26176664 PMCID: PMC4503787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Unraveling the interplay between connectivity and spatio-temporal dynamics in neuronal networks is a key step to advance our understanding of neuronal information processing. Here we investigate how particular features of network connectivity underpin the propensity of neural networks to generate slow-switching assembly (SSA) dynamics, i.e., sustained epochs of increased firing within assemblies of neurons which transition slowly between different assemblies throughout the network. We show that the emergence of SSA activity is linked to spectral properties of the asymmetric synaptic weight matrix. In particular, the leading eigenvalues that dictate the slow dynamics exhibit a gap with respect to the bulk of the spectrum, and the associated Schur vectors exhibit a measure of block-localization on groups of neurons, thus resulting in coherent dynamical activity on those groups. Through simple rate models, we gain analytical understanding of the origin and importance of the spectral gap, and use these insights to develop new network topologies with alternative connectivity paradigms which also display SSA activity. Specifically, SSA dynamics involving excitatory and inhibitory neurons can be achieved by modifying the connectivity patterns between both types of neurons. We also show that SSA activity can occur at multiple timescales reflecting a hierarchy in the connectivity, and demonstrate the emergence of SSA in small-world like networks. Our work provides a step towards understanding how network structure (uncovered through advancements in neuroanatomy and connectomics) can impact on spatio-temporal neural activity and constrain the resulting dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Schaub
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yazan N. Billeh
- Computation and Neural Systems Program, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | | | - Christof Koch
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mauricio Barahona
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Anastassiou CA, Perin R, Buzsáki G, Markram H, Koch C. Cell type- and activity-dependent extracellular correlates of intracellular spiking. J Neurophysiol 2015; 114:608-23. [PMID: 25995352 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00628.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of extracellular action potential (EAP) recordings monitoring brain activity, the biophysical origin and inherent variability of these signals remain enigmatic. We performed whole cell patch recordings of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in rat somatosensory cortex slice while positioning a silicon probe in their vicinity to concurrently record intra- and extracellular voltages for spike frequencies under 20 Hz. We characterize biophysical events and properties (intracellular spiking, extracellular resistivity, temporal jitter, etc.) related to EAP recordings at the single-neuron level in a layer-specific manner. Notably, EAP amplitude was found to decay as the inverse of distance between the soma and the recording electrode with similar (but not identical) resistivity across layers. Furthermore, we assessed a number of EAP features and their variability with spike activity: amplitude (but not temporal) features varied substantially (∼ 30-50% compared with mean) and nonmonotonically as a function of spike frequency and spike order. Such EAP variation only partly reflects intracellular somatic spike variability and points to the plethora of processes contributing to the EAP. Also, we show that the shape of the EAP waveform is qualitatively similar to the negative of the temporal derivative to the intracellular somatic voltage, as expected from theory. Finally, we tested to what extent EAPs can impact the lowpass-filtered part of extracellular recordings, the local field potential (LFP), typically associated with synaptic activity. We found that spiking of excitatory neurons can significantly impact the LFP at frequencies as low as 20 Hz. Our results question the common assertion that the LFP acts as proxy for synaptic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodrigo Perin
- Laboratory of Neural Microcircuitry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and
| | - György Buzsáki
- New York University Medical Center Langone, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Henry Markram
- Laboratory of Neural Microcircuitry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and
| | - Christof Koch
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington
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16
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Shai AS, Anastassiou CA, Larkum ME, Koch C. Physiology of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in mouse primary visual cortex: coincidence detection through bursting. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004090. [PMID: 25768881 PMCID: PMC4358988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
L5 pyramidal neurons are the only neocortical cell type with dendrites reaching all six layers of cortex, casting them as one of the main integrators in the cortical column. What is the nature and mode of computation performed in mouse primary visual cortex (V1) given the physiology of L5 pyramidal neurons? First, we experimentally establish active properties of the dendrites of L5 pyramidal neurons of mouse V1 using patch-clamp recordings. Using a detailed multi-compartmental model, we show this physiological setup to be well suited for coincidence detection between basal and apical tuft inputs by controlling the frequency of spike output. We further show how direct inhibition of calcium channels in the dendrites modulates such coincidence detection. To establish the singe-cell computation that this biophysics supports, we show that the combination of frequency-modulation of somatic output by tuft input and (simulated) calcium-channel blockage functionally acts as a composite sigmoidal function. Finally, we explore how this computation provides a mechanism whereby dendritic spiking contributes to orientation tuning in pyramidal neurons. Neurons in the brain have elaborate dendritic morphologies, hosting a variety of nonlinear channels that give way to single cell computation. In this study, we perform patch clamp recordings in the apical dendrites to establish the spatial distribution of nonlinear channels and the signals they support in the dendrites of layer 5 pyramidal neurons of the mouse primary visual cortex. Using this data, we create a detailed single cell model and simulate synaptic input. We then summarize the results of the simulations using a simple abstracted model, that ultimately describes the computation layer 5 pyramidal neurons perform on synaptic input. We find that this computation is a form of nonlinear frequency-modulation that works in a dendritic-spike dependent manner. Finally, we show how this computation allows dendritic spikes to contribute to the orientation tuning of pyramidal neurons in the visual cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S. Shai
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Matthew E. Larkum
- Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Department of Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christof Koch
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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17
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Schomburg EW, Fernández-Ruiz A, Mizuseki K, Berényi A, Anastassiou CA, Koch C, Buzsáki G. Theta phase segregation of input-specific gamma patterns in entorhinal-hippocampal networks. Neuron 2014; 84:470-85. [PMID: 25263753 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Precisely how rhythms support neuronal communication remains obscure. We investigated interregional coordination of gamma oscillations using high-density electrophysiological recordings in the rat hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. We found that 30-80 Hz gamma dominated CA1 local field potentials (LFPs) on the descending phase of CA1 theta waves during navigation, with 60-120 Hz gamma at the theta peak. These signals corresponded to CA3 and entorhinal input, respectively. Above 50 Hz, interregional phase-synchronization of principal cell spikes occurred mostly for LFPs in the axonal target domain. CA1 pyramidal cells were phase-locked mainly to fast gamma (>100 Hz) LFP patterns restricted to CA1, which were strongest at the theta trough. While theta phase coordination of spiking across entorhinal-hippocampal regions depended on memory demands, LFP gamma patterns below 100 Hz in the hippocampus were consistently layer specific and largely reflected afferent activity. Gamma synchronization as a mechanism for interregional communication thus rapidly loses efficacy at higher frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik W Schomburg
- New York University Neuroscience Institute and Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Physics and Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Antonio Fernández-Ruiz
- New York University Neuroscience Institute and Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA; School of Physics, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Kenji Mizuseki
- New York University Neuroscience Institute and Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA; Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98103, USA
| | - Antal Berényi
- New York University Neuroscience Institute and Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA; MTA-SZTE "Momentum" Oscillatory Neuronal Networks Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Costas A Anastassiou
- Department of Physics and Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98103, USA
| | - Christof Koch
- Department of Physics and Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98103, USA
| | - György Buzsáki
- New York University Neuroscience Institute and Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Shai AS, Koch C, Anastassiou CA. Spike-timing control by dendritic plateau potentials in the presence of synaptic barrages. Front Comput Neurosci 2014; 8:89. [PMID: 25177288 PMCID: PMC4132263 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2014.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apical and tuft dendrites of pyramidal neurons support regenerative electrical potentials, giving rise to long-lasting (approximately hundreds of milliseconds) and strong (~50 mV from rest) depolarizations. Such plateau events rely on clustered glutamatergic input, can be mediated by calcium or by NMDA currents, and often generate somatic depolarizations that last for the time course of the dendritic plateau event. We address the computational significance of such single-neuron processing via reduced but biophysically realistic modeling. We introduce a model based on two discrete integration zones, a somatic and a dendritic one, that communicate from the dendritic to the somatic compartment via a long plateau-conductance. We show principled differences in the way dendritic vs. somatic inhibition controls spike timing, and demonstrate how this could implement spike time control in the face of barrages of synaptic inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Shai
- Division of Biology and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA, USA ; Allen Institute for Brain Science Seattle, WA, USA
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Reimann MW, Anastassiou CA, Perin R, Hill SL, Markram H, Koch C. A biophysically detailed model of neocortical local field potentials predicts the critical role of active membrane currents. Neuron 2013; 79:375-90. [PMID: 23889937 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Brain activity generates extracellular voltage fluctuations recorded as local field potentials (LFPs). It is known that the relevant microvariables, the ionic currents across membranes, jointly generate the macrovariables, the extracellular voltage, but neither the detailed biophysical knowledge nor the required computational power have been available to model these processes. We simulated the LFP in a model of the rodent neocortical column composed of >12,000 reconstructed, multicompartmental, and spiking cortical layer 4 and 5 pyramidal neurons and basket cells, including five million dendritic and somatic compartments with voltage- and ion-dependent currents, realistic connectivity, and probabilistic AMPA, NMDA, and GABA synapses. We found that, depending on a number of factors, the LFP reflects local and cross-layer processing. Active currents dominate the generation of LFPs, not synaptic ones. Spike-related currents impact the LFP not only at higher frequencies but below 50 Hz. This work calls for re-evaluating the genesis of LFPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Reimann
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne VD 1015, CH
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Taxidis J, Diba K, Anastassiou CA, Buzsáki G, Koch C. Extracellular field signatures of CA1 spiking cell assemblies during sharp wave-ripple complexes. BMC Neurosci 2013. [PMCID: PMC3704589 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-s1-o14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Abstract
Neuronal activity in the brain gives rise to transmembrane currents that can be measured in the extracellular medium. Although the major contributor of the extracellular signal is the synaptic transmembrane current, other sources--including Na(+) and Ca(2+) spikes, ionic fluxes through voltage- and ligand-gated channels, and intrinsic membrane oscillations--can substantially shape the extracellular field. High-density recordings of field activity in animals and subdural grid recordings in humans, combined with recently developed data processing tools and computational modelling, can provide insight into the cooperative behaviour of neurons, their average synaptic input and their spiking output, and can increase our understanding of how these processes contribute to the extracellular signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Buzsáki
- Center for Molecular and Behavioural Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 197 University Avenue, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA.
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Bell CG, Anastassiou CA, O’Hare D, Parker KH, Siggers JH. Theory of large-amplitude sinusoidal voltammetry for reversible redox reactions. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lin BA, Forouhar AS, Pahlevan NM, Anastassiou CA, Grayburn PA, Thomas JD, Gharib M. Color Doppler Jet Area Overestimates Regurgitant Volume when Multiple Jets are Present. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2010; 23:993-1000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2010.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim H. Parker
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, U.K
| | - Danny O'Hare
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, U.K
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Anastassiou CA, Ducros N, Parker KH, O'Hare D. Characterization of ac voltammetric reaction-diffusion dynamics: from patterns to physical parameters. Anal Chem 2007; 78:4383-9. [PMID: 16808445 DOI: 10.1021/ac060122v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of electrochemical sensing techniques, the determination of the physical parameters from the current response of rapid voltammetric measurements has been difficult for two reasons: large capacitance contributions overwhelm the current response of transient measurements and the reaction dynamics are inherently nonlinear and nonstationary. In this work, we present a signal processing methodology that in combination with a large-amplitude/high-frequency voltage waveform method, ac voltammetry, is able to determine the underlying physical parameters in heterogeneous electrochemical reaction-diffusion processes. Through a large number of numerical calculations, we explore the effect of kinetic, thermodynamic, and mass transport parameters on two components of the current response, the even and the odd. We study the even component directly whereas for the odd component, which is considerably influenced by capacitance, we use the Hilbert transform, which is suitable for the analysis of nonstationary and nonlinear data sets, to minimize the capacitance contribution. The theoretical analysis is applied to measurements of well-characterized electrochemical reactions, Ru(NH3)6(2+/3+) and Fe(CN)6(4-/3-), using two different electrode materials, glassy carbon and platinum, and the physical parameters deduced are in excellent agreement with published results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costas A Anastassiou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2AZ, London, UK.
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Anastassiou CA, Patel BA, Arundell M, Yeoman MS, Parker KH, O'Hare D. Subsecond Voltammetric Separation between Dopamine and Serotonin in the Presence of Ascorbate. Anal Chem 2006; 78:6990-8. [PMID: 17007525 DOI: 10.1021/ac061002q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although voltammetry has proved an important tool for unraveling the dynamics of specific neurotransmitter molecules during the past decade, it has been very difficult to monitor more than one neurotransmitter simultaneously. In this work, we present a voltammetric methodology that allows discrimination between dopamine and serotonin, two important neurotransmitter molecules with very similar electrochemical properties, in the presence of high concentrations of ascorbate. We combined the application of a novel large-amplitude/high-frequency voltage excitation with signal processing techniques valid for the analysis of nonstationary and nonlinear phenomena. This allows us to minimize the contribution from capacitance and preserve the faradaic features of the voltammetric response providing us with excellent voltammetric detail. Using appropriate voltage excitation parameters and defining specific regions in the voltage space, so-called voltage windows, we can measure the concentrations of dopamine and serotonin separately or independently in mixed solutions even in the presence of high concentrations of ascorbate. Because of the enhanced voltammetric detail of this new technique, it is also possible to explore effects attributed to interfacial phenomena such as adsorption/desorption and electrode fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costas A Anastassiou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2AZ, London, UK. c.anastassiou@ imperial.ac.uk
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Anastassiou CA, Parker KH, O'Hare D. Determination of Kinetic and Thermodynamic Parameters of Surface Confined Species through ac Voltammetry and a Nonstationary Signal Processing Technique: The Hilbert Transform. Anal Chem 2005; 77:3357-64. [PMID: 15889929 DOI: 10.1021/ac048137l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Data analysis of voltammetric responses has usually been done through application of the fast Fourier transform although it is widely accepted that electrochemical signals are intrinsically nonlinear and nonstationary. In this work, we present a time-series analysis based on the Hilbert transform (HT), a nonstationary signal processing technique, as an alternative tool that can overcome many of the difficulties associated with Fourier techniques. We use the HT to study the behavior of thin-film processes when the excitation perturbation is ac voltammetry. From the analysis of simulated data, we propose simple relations that enable species-specific kinetic and thermodynamic parameters to be estimated, without prior utilization of baseline subtraction even when double layer capacitance significantly influences the current response. We also propose a method to determine whether the characteristics of the applied voltage perturbation are adequate for the accurate estimation of these parameters. The methodology developed here will be applied to previously published experimental time series data (Guo, S. X.; Zhang, J.; Elton, D. M.; Bond, A. M. Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, 166-177.) obtained with ac voltammetry to show how a number of physical parameters can be directly extracted from the processed data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costas A Anastassiou
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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