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Sheldon JD, Zhu X, Williamson R, Blair C. Butorphanol-Azaperone-Medetomidine Is as Safe and Effective as Nalbuphine-Azaperone-Medetomidine for Immobilization of Juvenile American Black Bears (Ursus americanus). J Wildl Dis 2024; 60:188-192. [PMID: 37909402 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-23-00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Immobilization kits including butorphanol-azaperone-medetomidine (BAM) and nalbuphine-azaperone-medetomidine can provide effective, safe, and easy-to-use protocols in bears. Nalbuphine-azaperone-medetomidine is not commercially available but may be useful for wildlife agencies because it does not contain controlled substances. This study directly compared BAM to nalbuphine-azaperone-medetomidine immobilization in 10 juvenile healthy black bears (10 mo old; four females, six males) undergoing prerelease examinations after rehabilitation. Bears were immobilized via remote delivery of 1 mL of BAM (n=5) or nalbuphine-azaperone-medetomidine (n=5) intramuscularly in the shoulder during December (randomized, blinded trial). Bears were intubated, monitored with an electrocardiogram, pulse oximeter, capnograph, noninvasive blood pressure cuff, and rectal thermometer, and underwent physical examination, sample collection, morphometrics, and ear-tag placement. Induction, physiologic, and recovery parameters were recorded, including arterial blood gas analysis. The anesthetic agents were antagonized with atipamezole and naltrexone. There were no differences between protocols in induction or recovery times. There were no differences between protocols in heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, oxygen saturation, end-tidal CO2, mean arterial pressure, or blood gas analysis or any differences between male and female bears in any parameters. Bears were hypertensive and normoxemic with low oxygen saturation via pulse oximeter, but all recovered smoothly and were released within 2 h of recovery. This study supports that nalbuphine-azaperone-medetomidine is clini-cally as safe and effective as BAM in American black bears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie D Sheldon
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Zhu
- Office of Information Technology, University of Tennessee, 2309 Kingston Pike, Knoxville, Tennessee 37919, USA
| | - Ryan Williamson
- Great Smoky Mountains National Park, National Park Services, 107 Park Headquarters Road, Gatlinburg, Tennessee 37738, USA
| | - Coy Blair
- Appalachian Bear Rescue, 121 Painted Trillium Way, Townsend, Tennessee 37882, USA
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Roaldsen MB, Eltoft A, Wilsgaard T, Christensen H, Engelter ST, Indredavik B, Jatužis D, Karelis G, Kõrv J, Lundström E, Petersson J, Putaala J, Søyland MH, Tveiten A, Bivard A, Johnsen SH, Mazya MV, Werring DJ, Wu TY, De Marchis GM, Robinson TG, Mathiesen EB, Valente M, Chen A, Sharobeam A, Edwards L, Blair C, Christensen L, Ægidius K, Pihl T, Fassel-Larsen C, Wassvik L, Folke M, Rosenbaum S, Gharehbagh SS, Hansen A, Preisler N, Antsov K, Mallene S, Lill M, Herodes M, Vibo R, Rakitin A, Saarinen J, Tiainen M, Tumpula O, Noppari T, Raty S, Sibolt G, Nieminen J, Niederhauser J, Haritoncenko I, Puustinen J, Haula TM, Sipilä J, Viesulaite B, Taroza S, Rastenyte D, Matijosaitis V, Vilionskis A, Masiliunas R, Ekkert A, Chmeliauskas P, Lukosaitis V, Reichenbach A, Moss TT, Nilsen HY, Hammer-Berntzen R, Nordby LM, Weiby TA, Nordengen K, Ihle-Hansen H, Stankiewiecz M, Grotle O, Nes M, Thiemann K, Særvold IM, Fraas M, Størdahl S, Horn JW, Hildrum H, Myrstad C, Tobro H, Tunvold JA, Jacobsen O, Aamodt N, Baisa H, Malmberg VN, Rohweder G, Ellekjær H, Ildstad F, Egstad E, Helleberg BH, Berg HH, Jørgensen J, Tronvik E, Shirzadi M, Solhoff R, Van Lessen R, Vatne A, Forselv K, Frøyshov H, Fjeldstad MS, Tangen L, Matapour S, Kindberg K, Johannessen C, Rist M, Mathisen I, Nyrnes T, Haavik A, Toverud G, Aakvik K, Larsson M, Ytrehus K, Ingebrigtsen S, Stokmo T, Helander C, Larsen IC, Solberg TO, Seljeseth YM, Maini S, Bersås I, Mathé J, Rooth E, Laska AC, Rudberg AS, Esbjörnsson M, Andler F, Ericsson A, Wickberg O, Karlsson JE, Redfors P, Jood K, Buchwald F, Mansson K, Gråhamn O, Sjölin K, Lindvall E, Cidh Å, Tolf A, Fasth O, Hedström B, Fladt J, Dittrich TD, Kriemler L, Hannon N, Amis E, Finlay S, Mitchell-Douglas J, McGee J, Davies R, Johnson V, Nair A, Robinson M, Greig J, Halse O, Wilding P, Mashate S, Chatterjee K, Martin M, Leason S, Roberts J, Dutta D, Ward D, Rayessa R, Clarkson E, Teo J, Ho C, Conway S, Aissa M, Papavasileiou V, Fry S, Waugh D, Britton J, Hassan A, Manning L, Khan S, Asaipillai A, Fornolles C, Tate ML, Chenna S, Anjum T, Karunatilake D, Foot J, VanPelt L, Shetty A, Wilkes G, Buck A, Jackson B, Fleming L, Carpenter M, Jackson L, Needle A, Zahoor T, Duraisami T, Northcott K, Kubie J, Bowring A, Keenan S, Mackle D, England T, Rushton B, Hedstrom A, Amlani S, Evans R, Muddegowda G, Remegoso A, Ferdinand P, Varquez R, Davis M, Elkin E, Seal R, Fawcett M, Gradwell C, Travers C, Atkinson B, Woodward S, Giraldo L, Byers J, Cheripelli B, Lee S, Marigold R, Smith S, Zhang L, Ghatala R, Sim CH, Ghani U, Yates K, Obarey S, Willmot M, Ahlquist K, Bates M, Rashed K, Board S, Andsberg G, Sundayi S, Garside M, Macleod MJ, Manoj A, Hopper O, Cederin B, Toomsoo T, Gross-Paju K, Tapiola T, Kestutis J, Amthor KF, Heermann B, Ottesen V, Melum TA, Kurz M, Parsons M, Valente M, Chen A, Sharobeam A, Edwards L, Blair C. Safety and efficacy of tenecteplase in patients with wake-up stroke assessed by non-contrast CT (TWIST): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2023; 22:117-126. [PMID: 36549308 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(22)00484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current evidence supports the use of intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase in patients with wake-up stroke selected with MRI or perfusion imaging and is recommended in clinical guidelines. However, access to advanced imaging techniques is often scarce. We aimed to determine whether thrombolytic treatment with intravenous tenecteplase given within 4·5 h of awakening improves functional outcome in patients with ischaemic wake-up stroke selected using non-contrast CT. METHODS TWIST was an investigator-initiated, multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial with blinded endpoint assessment, conducted at 77 hospitals in ten countries. We included patients aged 18 years or older with acute ischaemic stroke symptoms upon awakening, limb weakness, a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 3 or higher or aphasia, a non-contrast CT examination of the head, and the ability to receive tenecteplase within 4·5 h of awakening. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to either a single intravenous bolus of tenecteplase 0·25 mg per kg of bodyweight (maximum 25 mg) or control (no thrombolysis) using a central, web-based, computer-generated randomisation schedule. Trained research personnel, who conducted telephone interviews at 90 days (follow-up), were masked to treatment allocation. Clinical assessments were performed on day 1 (at baseline) and day 7 of hospital admission (or at discharge, whichever occurred first). The primary outcome was functional outcome assessed by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days and analysed using ordinal logistic regression in the intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered with EudraCT (2014-000096-80), ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03181360), and ISRCTN (10601890). FINDINGS From June 12, 2017, to Sept 30, 2021, 578 of the required 600 patients were enrolled (288 randomly assigned to the tenecteplase group and 290 to the control group [intention-to-treat population]). The median age of participants was 73·7 years (IQR 65·9-81·1). 332 (57%) of 578 participants were male and 246 (43%) were female. Treatment with tenecteplase was not associated with better functional outcome, according to mRS score at 90 days (adjusted OR 1·18, 95% CI 0·88-1·58; p=0·27). Mortality at 90 days did not significantly differ between treatment groups (28 [10%] patients in the tenecteplase group and 23 [8%] in the control group; adjusted HR 1·29, 95% CI 0·74-2·26; p=0·37). Symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage occurred in six (2%) patients in the tenecteplase group versus three (1%) in the control group (adjusted OR 2·17, 95% CI 0·53-8·87; p=0·28), whereas any intracranial haemorrhage occurred in 33 (11%) versus 30 (10%) patients (adjusted OR 1·14, 0·67-1·94; p=0·64). INTERPRETATION In patients with wake-up stroke selected with non-contrast CT, treatment with tenecteplase was not associated with better functional outcome at 90 days. The number of symptomatic haemorrhages and any intracranial haemorrhages in both treatment groups was similar to findings from previous trials of wake-up stroke patients selected using advanced imaging. Current evidence does not support treatment with tenecteplase in patients selected with non-contrast CT. FUNDING Norwegian Clinical Research Therapy in the Specialist Health Services Programme, the Swiss Heart Foundation, the British Heart Foundation, and the Norwegian National Association for Public Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda B Roaldsen
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Agnethe Eltoft
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hanne Christensen
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan T Engelter
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; University Department of Geriatric Medicine Felix Platter, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bent Indredavik
- Department of Medicine, St Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Dalius Jatužis
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Center of Neurology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Guntis Karelis
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Rīga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Janika Kõrv
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Erik Lundström
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jesper Petersson
- Department of Neurology, Lund University, Institute for Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jukka Putaala
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mary-Helen Søyland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Neurology, Hospital of Southern Norway, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Arnstein Tveiten
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Southern Norway, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Andrew Bivard
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne Brain Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stein Harald Johnsen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Michael V Mazya
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David J Werring
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Teddy Y Wu
- Department of Neurology, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Gian Marco De Marchis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thompson G Robinson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ellisiv B Mathiesen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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Hamedan VJ, Winterflood J, Blair C, Ju L, Zhao C. High mechanical Q-factor measurement of Si using a 3D cantilever support. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:104501. [PMID: 36319399 DOI: 10.1063/5.0106565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Thermal noise in test mass substrates and coatings is a significant noise contribution in the detection band of current and proposed future gravitational wave detectors. Substrate thermal noise can be reduced by using high mechanical Q-factor materials and cooling the test mass mirrors. Silicon is a promising potential candidate for the next generation detector test masses. The low thermal expansion and high thermal conductivity of silicon allow efficient cryogenic operation, and a significant increase in the amount of optical power that can be used in the detectors by decreasing thermal deformation and aberration. Mechanical stress, damage, poor surface quality or contamination can result in increased loss and thermal noise. Therefore, the characterization of mechanical loss in silicon test masses is necessary. In this project, we developed a technique to measure high Q-factor mechanical modes. We used finite element modeling to optimize the design of the test mass support structure to minimize the loss coupling from the support structure over a wide frequency range. Mechanical Q-factors of the order of 107 were achieved for several modes of a 10 cm diam. × 3 cm cylindrical silicon test mass with such a support at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Jaberian Hamedan
- Department of Physics, ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - J Winterflood
- Department of Physics, ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - C Blair
- Department of Physics, ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - L Ju
- Department of Physics, ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - C Zhao
- Department of Physics, ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
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Blair C. M177 SUBCUTANEOUS C1-INHIBITOR FACILITATES PORT REMOVAL IN PATIENTS WITH HEREDITARY ANGIOEDEMA. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.08.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Roy UB, Byrne M, Mccoy J, Blair C, Studts J. P2.11-32 Project ACTS (Adherence to CT Screening): Developing Patient Engagement Tools to Support Lung Cancer Screening Adherence. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Liu J, Bossilkov V, Blair C, Zhao C, Ju L, Blair DG. Angular instability in high optical power suspended cavities. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:124503. [PMID: 30599582 DOI: 10.1063/1.5049508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Advanced gravitational wave detectors use suspended test masses to form optical resonant cavities for enhancing the detector sensitivity. These cavities store hundreds of kilowatts of coherent light and even higher optical power for future detectors. With such high optical power, the radiation pressure effect inside the cavity creates a sufficiently strong coupling between test masses whose dynamics are significantly altered. The dynamics of two independent nearly free masses become a coupled mechanical resonator system. The transfer function of the local control system used for controlling the test masses is modified by the radiation pressure effect. The changes in the transfer function of the local control systems can result in a new type of angular instability which occurs at only 1.3% of the Sidles-Sigg instability threshold power. We report the experimental results on a 74 m suspended cavity with a few kilowatts of circulating power, for which the power to mass ratio is comparable to the current Advanced LIGO. The radiation pressure effect on the test masses behaves like an additional optical feedback with respect to the local angular control, potentially making the mirror control system unstable. When the local angular control system is optimised for maximum stability margin, the instability threshold power increases from 4 kW to 29 kW. The system behaviour is consistent with our simulation, and the power dependent evolution of both the cavity soft and hard mode is observed. We show that this phenomenon is likely to significantly affect the proposed gravitational wave detectors that require very high optical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liu
- OzGrav-UWA, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - V Bossilkov
- OzGrav-UWA, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - C Blair
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - C Zhao
- OzGrav-UWA, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - L Ju
- OzGrav-UWA, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - D G Blair
- OzGrav-UWA, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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Studts J, Burris J, Andrykowski M, Schapmire T, Head B, Rigney M, Criswell A, Arnold S, Yates A, Blair C, Christian A. MA17.02 Early Accrual to a Precision Lung Cancer Survivorship Intervention: The Kentucky LEADS Collaborative Lung Cancer Survivorship Care Program. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Saxana P, Kettlewell S, Blair C, Rankin A, Smith GL, Macquaide N. 104Early-diastolic Ca2+ sparks alter repolarisation via the calcium activated chloride current. Europace 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/eux134.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Krill L, Jandial D, Blair C, Ji T, Eskander R, Yokoyama N, Bristow R, Randall L, Zi X. Inhibition of the Wnt Pathway in Ovarian Cancer Tumorigenesis. Gynecol Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.08.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Coghlan J, Galiè N, Barbera J, Frost A, Ghofrani H, Hoeper M, Mclaughlin V, Peacock A, Simonneau G, Vachiery J, Blair C, Gillies H, Harris J, Langley J, Rubin L. OP0267 Initial Combination Therapy of Ambrisentan and Tadalafil in Connective Tissue Disease Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (CTD-PAH): Subgroup Analysis from the Ambition Trial. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.2332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Blair C, Noonan BP, Brown JL, Raselimanana AP, Vences M, Yoder AD. Multilocus phylogenetic and geospatial analyses illuminate diversification patterns and the biogeographic history of Malagasy endemic plated lizards (Gerrhosauridae: Zonosaurinae). J Evol Biol 2015; 28:481-92. [PMID: 25611210 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although numerous studies have attempted to find single unifying mechanisms for generating Madagascar's unique flora and fauna, little consensus has been reached regarding the relative importance of climatic, geologic and ecological processes as catalysts of diversification of the region's unique biota. Rather, recent work has shown that both biological and physical drivers of diversification are best analysed in a case-by-case setting with attention focused on the ecological and life-history requirements of the specific phylogenetic lineage under investigation. Here, we utilize a comprehensive analytical approach to examine evolutionary drivers and elucidate the biogeographic history of Malagasy plated lizards (Zonosaurinae). Data from three genes are combined with fossil information to construct time-calibrated species trees for zonosaurines and their African relatives, which are used to test alternative diversification hypotheses. Methods are utilized for explicitly incorporating phylogenetic uncertainty into downstream analyses. Species distribution models are created for 14 of 19 currently recognized species, which are then used to estimate spatial patterns of species richness and endemicity. Spatially explicit analyses are employed to correlate patterns of diversity with both topographic heterogeneity and climatic stability through geologic time. We then use inferred geographic ranges to estimate the biogeographic history of zonosaurines within each of Madagascar's major biomes. Results suggest constant Neogene and Quaternary speciation with divergence from the African most recent common ancestor ~30 million years ago when oceanic currents and African rivers facilitated dispersal. Spatial patterns of diversity appear concentrated along coastal regions of northern and southern Madagascar. We find no relationship between either topographic heterogeneity or climatic stability and patterns of diversity. Ancestral state reconstructions suggest that western dry forests were important centres of origin with recent invasion into spiny and rain forest. These data highlight the power of combining multilocus phylogenetic and spatially explicit analyses for testing alternative diversification hypotheses within Madagascar's unique biota and more generally, particularly as applied to phylogenetically and biologically constrained systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Blair
- Department of Biology, Duke University Durham, Durham, NC, USA
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Lange R, Everett A, Dulloor P, Korley FK, Bettegowda C, Blair C, Grossman SA, Holdhoff M. BI-16 * CIRCULATING PROTEIN ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL BRAIN TUMOR BIOMARKERS. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou239.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Mruczek R, Blair C, Caplovitz G. Dynamic Illusory Size-Contrast: A relative-size illusion modulated by stimulus motion and eye movements. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Killebrew K, Blair C, Caplovitz G. Summary statistics influence how individuals are perceived in noise. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Blair C, Robien K, Lazovich D. Physical Activity and Quality of Life among Elderly Cancer Survivors Compared to Women without Cancer: The Iowa Women's Health Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Few studies have examined lifestyle factors and health-related quality of life (QOL) in elderly, long-term cancer survivors compared to a cancer-free comparison group. We examined the degree to which physical inactivity is associated with poor QOL among elderly, female cancer survivors compared to similar-aged women without cancer. Methods: Subjects included women enrolled in the Iowa Women's Health Study in 1986 who completed the 2004 questionnaire (at ages 71–89 years) and were alive through 2005. The 2004 questionnaire asked participants about recreational physical activity and included the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF36) QOL assessment. Physical inactivity was defined as moderate or vigorous activity less than once per week. Logistic regression was used to compute the odds of poor QOL for each SF36 subscale (<0.5 SD below the mean score of women without cancer) associated with physical inactivity between 4 groups based on the cross-classification of cancer history (no/yes) and physical inactivity (no/yes) (referent group = No/No). Results: Analyses included 12,067 women without a history of cancer and 1,707 women diagnosed with cancer between 1986 and 2002. Inactive cancer survivors were significantly more likely to report poor QOL for each SF36 subscale compared to the referent group (Odds Ratios (OR) 1.7 to 4.5), independent of age, comorbidity, BMI, and diet quality. Compared with the other 3 groups, inactive cancer survivors had the greatest odds of poor Physical Function (inactive cancer survivors [OR = 4.5, 95% CI 3.9–5.3], inactive women without cancer [OR = 3.8, 95% CI 3.5–4.2], active cancer survivors [OR = 1.0,95% CI 0.8–1.2]) and poor General Health (inactive cancer survivors [OR = 3.2, 95% CI 2.7–3.8], inactive women without cancer [OR = 2.8, 95% CI 2.5–3.0), active cancer survivors [OR = 1.2, 95% CI 0.98–1.4]). Among physically active women, cancer survivors had similar QOL as women without a cancer history. Conclusions: Physical inactivity was more strongly associated with poor General Health and Physical Function in elderly, long-term cancer survivors compared to women without cancer. These findings support the need for interventions to help older women maintain or regain a physically active lifestyle after a cancer diagnosis.
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Blair C, Caplovitz G. Constraints on dynamical evolution of motion perception. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Blair C, Goold J, Killebrew K, Caplovitz G. The motion of form features provides a cue to angular velocity. J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Badesch D, Peschel T, Pizzuti D, Gillies H, Allard M, Blair C, Littman M. 152 Post-Marketing Hepatic Safety Profile of Ambrisentan in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension – 4 Year Update. J Heart Lung Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2012.01.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Shapiro S, Gillies H, Allard M, Blair C, Oudiz R. 57 ATHENA-1: Long Term Clinical Improvements Following the Addition of Ambrisentan to Background PDE5i Therapy in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. J Heart Lung Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2012.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Oudiz R, Shapiro S, Torres F, Feldman J, Frost A, Allard M, Blair C, Gillies H. ATHENA-1: Hemodynamic Improvements Following the Addition of Ambrisentan to Background PDE5i Therapy in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Chest 2011. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.1113577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Husain H, Savage W, Everett A, Ye X, Blair C, Romans KE, Bettegowda C, Burger P, Grossman SA, Holdhoff M. The role of plasma GFAP as a biomarker for glioblastoma. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.2095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Baumblatt J, Pauwaa S, Treitman A, Gallagher C, Blair C, Pappas P, Tatooles A, Bhat G. 6 Are Blood Stream Infections Associated with Increased Risk of Stroke in Patients with a Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device? J Heart Lung Transplant 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2011.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Blackawton PS, Airzee S, Allen A, Baker S, Berrow A, Blair C, Churchill M, Coles J, Cumming RFJ, Fraquelli L, Hackford C, Hinton Mellor A, Hutchcroft M, Ireland B, Jewsbury D, Littlejohns A, Littlejohns GM, Lotto M, McKeown J, O'Toole A, Richards H, Robbins-Davey L, Roblyn S, Rodwell-Lynn H, Schenck D, Springer J, Wishy A, Rodwell-Lynn T, Strudwick D, Lotto RB. Blackawton bees. Biol Lett 2010; 7:168-72. [PMID: 21177694 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2010.1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Real science has the potential to not only amaze, but also transform the way one thinks of the world and oneself. This is because the process of science is little different from the deeply resonant, natural processes of play. Play enables humans (and other mammals) to discover (and create) relationships and patterns. When one adds rules to play, a game is created. THIS IS SCIENCE the process of playing with rules that enables one to reveal previously unseen patterns of relationships that extend our collective understanding of nature and human nature. When thought of in this way, science education becomes a more enlightened and intuitive process of asking questions and devising games to address those questions. But, because the outcome of all game-playing is unpredictable, supporting this 'messyness', which is the engine of science, is critical to good science education (and indeed creative education generally). Indeed, we have learned that doing 'real' science in public spaces can stimulate tremendous interest in children and adults in understanding the processes by which we make sense of the world. The present study (on the vision of bumble-bees) goes even further, since it was not only performed outside my laboratory (in a Norman church in the southwest of England), but the 'games' were themselves devised in collaboration with 25 8- to 10-year-old children. They asked the questions, hypothesized the answers, designed the games (in other words, the experiments) to test these hypotheses and analysed the data. They also drew the figures (in coloured pencil) and wrote the paper. Their headteacher (Dave Strudwick) and I devised the educational programme (we call 'i,scientist'), and I trained the bees and transcribed the childrens' words into text (which was done with smaller groups of children at the school's local village pub). So what follows is a novel study (scientifically and conceptually) in 'kids speak' without references to past literature, which is a challenge. Although the historical context of any study is of course important, including references in this instance would be disingenuous for two reasons. First, given the way scientific data are naturally reported, the relevant information is simply inaccessible to the literate ability of 8- to 10-year-old children, and second, the true motivation for any scientific study (at least one of integrity) is one's own curiousity, which for the children was not inspired by the scientific literature, but their own observations of the world. This lack of historical, scientific context does not diminish the resulting data, scientific methodology or merit of the discovery for the scientific and 'non-scientific' audience. On the contrary, it reveals science in its truest (most naive) form, and in this way makes explicit the commonality between science, art and indeed all creative activities. PRINCIPAL FINDING 'We discovered that bumble-bees can use a combination of colour and spatial relationships in deciding which colour of flower to forage from. We also discovered that science is cool and fun because you get to do stuff that no one has ever done before. (Children from Blackawton)'.
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Ognjanovic S, Blair C, Spector LG, Robison LL, Roesler M, Ross JA. Analgesic use during pregnancy and risk of infant leukaemia: a Children's Oncology Group study. Br J Cancer 2010; 104:532-6. [PMID: 21157452 PMCID: PMC3049556 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6606046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Infant leukaemia is likely initiated in utero. Methods: We examined whether analgesic use during pregnancy was associated with risk by completing telephone interviews of the mothers of 441 infant leukaemia cases and 323 frequency-matched controls, using unconditional logistic regression. Results: With the exception of a reduced risk for infant acute myeloid leukaemias with non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) use early in pregnancy (odds ratios=0.60; confidence intervals: 0.37–0.97), no statistically significant associations were observed for aspirin, non-aspirin NSAIDs, or acetaminophen use in early pregnancy or after knowledge of pregnancy. Conclusion: Overall, analgesic use during pregnancy was not significantly associated with the risk of infant leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ognjanovic
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC 422, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Abstract
Chromosomal inversions are prevalent in mosquito species but polytene chromosomes are difficult to prepare and visualize in members of the tribe Aedinii and thus there exists only indirect evidence of inversions. We constructed an F(1) intercross family using a P(1) female from a laboratory strain of Aedes aegypti aegypti (Aaa) and a P(1) male Aedes aegypti formosus (Aaf) from a strain collected from south-eastern Senegal. Recombination rates in the F(2) offspring were severely reduced and genotype ratios suggested a deleterious recessive allele on chromosome 3. The F(2) linkage map was incongruent in most respects with the established map for Aaa. Furthermore, no increased recombination was detected in F(5) offspring. Recombination rates and gene order were consistent with the presence in Aaf of at least four large inversions on chromosome 1, a single small inversion on chromosome 2 and three inversions on chromosome 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Bernhardt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Önen NF, Overton ET, Presti R, Blair C, Powderly WG, Mondy K. Sub-optimal CD4 recovery on long-term suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy is associated with favourable outcome. HIV Med 2009; 10:439-46. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2009.00711.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Blair C, Walls J, Davies NW, Jacobson GA. Volatile organic compounds in runners near a roadway: increased blood levels after short-duration exercise. Br J Sports Med 2008; 44:731-5. [PMID: 19050001 DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2008.051888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if non-elite athletes undertaking short duration running exercise adjacent to a busy roadway experience increased blood levels of common pollutant volatile organic compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX)). DESIGN AND SETTING The study was observational in design. Participants (nine males/one female non-elite athletes) ran for 20 min, near a busy roadway along a 100 m defined course at their own pace. Blood levels of BTEX were determined both pre- and post-exercise by SPME-GC-MS. Environmental BTEX levels were determined by passive adsorption samplers. RESULTS Subjects completed a mean (range) distance of 4.4 (3.4 to 5.2) km over 20 min (4.5 (3.8 to 5.9) min/km pace), with a mean (SD) exercise intensity of 93 (2.3)% HR(max), and mean (SD) ventilation significantly elevated compared with resting levels (86.2 (2.3) vs 8.7 (0.9) l/min; p<0.001). The mean (SD) environmental levels (time weighted average) were determined as 53.1 (4.2), 428 (83), and 80.0 (3.7) microg/m(3) for toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes, respectively, while benzene was below the detectable limit due to the short exposure period. Significant increases in blood BTEX levels were observed in runners between pre- and postexercise for toluene (mean increase of 1.4 ng/ml; p=0.002), ethylbenzene (0.7 ng/ml; p=0.0003), m/p-xylene (2.0 ng/ml; p=0.004) and o-xylene (1.1 ng/ml; p=0.002), but no change was observed for benzene. CONCLUSIONS Blood BTEX levels are increased during high-intensity exercise such as running undertaken in areas with BTEX pollution, even with a short duration of exercise. This may have health implications for runners who regularly exercise near roadways.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Blair
- School of Pharmacy, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Blair C, Roesler M, Xie Y, Gamis A, Olshan A, Ross J. Vitamin Use Among Children with Down Syndrome and Risk of Leukemia: A Children's Oncology Group (COG) Study. Am J Epidemiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s103-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kirtsreesakul V, Blair C, Yu X, Thompson K, Naclerio RM. Desloratadine partially inhibits the augmented bacterial responses in the sinuses of allergic and infected mice. Clin Exp Allergy 2005; 34:1649-54. [PMID: 15479283 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02059.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis (AR) is considered a major predisposing factor for the development of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. How AR augments a bacterial infection is unknown. OBJECTIVE Our purpose in this study was to test whether an H1 receptor antagonist, desloratadine, could reduce the augmented effect of an ongoing allergic reaction on acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. METHODS Three groups of infected and ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice were studied: (1) infected and allergic mice treated with desloratadine, (2) infected and allergic mice treated with placebo, and (3) infected mice. A fourth group of uninfected, non-sensitized mice served as a control for the cellular changes. BALB/c mice were sensitized by two intraperitoneal injections of OVA given 8 days apart. One day after the second injection, the mice were nasally exposed daily to 6% OVA (the groups treated with desloratadine or placebo) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (the infection-only group) for 5 days. After the second OVA exposure, the mice were intranasally inoculated with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Desloratadine or placebo was given daily throughout the OVA exposure period. Nasal allergic symptoms were observed by counting of nasal rubbing and sneezing for 10 min after OVA or PBS nasal challenge. On day 5 post-infection, nasal lavage culture was done, and the inflammatory cells in the sinuses were evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS Mice that were made allergic, infected, and treated with placebo showed more organisms and phagocytes than did only infect mice. They also manifested allergic nasal symptoms and eosinophil influx into the sinuses. Desloratadine treatment during allergen exposure reduced allergic symptoms and reduced sinonasal infection (P<0.05). There tended to be less myeloid cell and neutrophil influx (P=0.09 both), but not eosinophil influx (P=0.85) compared with that in the placebo-treated group. CONCLUSION Desloratadine treatment during nasal challenge inhibited allergic symptoms and reduced sinonasal infection, suggesting that histamine via an H1 receptor plays a role in the augmented infection in mice with an ongoing allergic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kirtsreesakul
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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BuchBarker D, Donnenberg A, Medsger T, Carroll M, Griffin D, Blair C, Lis D, Yeager A. Intensive immunosuppression and transplantation of T-cell depleted autologous peripheral blood stem cells in patients with systemic sclerosis: An ongoing phase I trial. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2004.12.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
This article describes a new set of revised standards for the medical laboratory, which have been produced by Clinical Pathology Accreditation (UK) Ltd (CPA). The original standards have been in use since 1992 and it was recognised that extensive revision was required. A standards revision group was established by CPA and this group used several international standards as source references, so that the resulting new standards are compatible with the most recent international reference sources. The aim is to make the assessment of medical laboratories as objective as possible in the future. CPA plans to introduce these standards in the UK in 2003 following extensive consultation with professional bodies, piloting in selected laboratories, and training of assessors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Burnett
- Lindens Lodge, Bradford Place, Penarth CF64 1LA, UK.
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Kaszuba SM, Baroody FM, deTineo M, Haney L, Blair C, Naclerio RM. Superiority of an intranasal corticosteroid compared with an oral antihistamine in the as-needed treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Arch Intern Med 2001; 161:2581-7. [PMID: 11718589 DOI: 10.1001/archinte.161.21.2581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The daily use of either intranasal corticosteroids or histamine(1) (H(1)) receptor antagonists has proved to be efficacious in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Most patients, however, use these medications as needed. Our objective was to compare the effectiveness of as-needed use of H(1) receptor antagonists with that of intranasal corticosteroids in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. METHODS We performed a randomized, open-label, parallel-group study comparing the as-needed use of an H(1) receptor antagonist (loratadine) with that of an intranasal corticosteroid (fluticasone propionate) in the management of fall seasonal allergic rhinitis in the fall of 1999. Subjects kept a diary of their daily symptoms and were examined at enrollment into the study and biweekly for 4 weeks during treatment. Outcome measures were the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire score, daily symptom diary scores, and the number of eosinophils and the levels of eosinophilic cationic protein in nasal lavage samples. RESULTS Patients in the fluticasone-treated group reported significantly better scores in the activity, sleep, practical, nasal, and overall domains (P<.05) of the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire. The median total symptom score in the fluticasone-treated group was significantly lower than that in the loratadine-treated group (4.0 vs 7.0; P<.01). After treatment, the number of eosinophils was significantly smaller in the fluticasone-treated group compared with the loratadine-treated group (P =.001). Eosinophilic cationic protein levels followed the same pattern, with a significant correlation between the levels of eosinophilic cationic protein and the number of eosinophils (r(s) = 0.70, P<.01). CONCLUSION As-needed intranasal corticosteroids reduce allergic inflammation and are more effective than as-needed H(1) receptor antagonists in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Kaszuba
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Mail Code 1035, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Abstract
Child positive affect and task orientation in response to a series of cognitively demanding puzzle tasks were assessed at two time points separated by a 12-month interval in children with mild mental retardation and MA- and CA-matched controls (age range 1 to 5 years). At the first assessment, children with mild mental retardation exhibited mastery behavior appropriate for MA but not CA. At the second assessment, the goal-directed behavior of children with mild mental retardation was no different from that of both the MA and CA controls. Correlates of motivation were similar for children with mild mental retardation and typically developing children. Implications for the developmental study of children with mild mental retardation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Blair
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA.
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Blair C, Nelson M, Thompson K, Boonlayangoor S, Haney L, Gabr U, Baroody FM, Naclerio RM. Allergic inflammation enhances bacterial sinusitis in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 108:424-9. [PMID: 11544463 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2001.117793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it is not proven, one factor considered important in the development of sinusitis is allergic rhinitis. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether ongoing allergic rhinitis enhances the infection and inflammation associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae acute sinus infection. METHODS BALB/c mice were sensitized to ovalbumin by intraperitoneal injection. After infection of the sinuses by S pneumoniae, either with or without concomitant administration of ovalbumin to induce allergic inflammation, mice were killed at various times and their heads were prepared for histologic evaluation of the sinuses. RESULTS Mice became allergic to ovalbumin and developed eosinophilia in the sinus and lung cavities in response to ovalbumin administration to each of the respective cavities. In comparison with controls, the mice with ongoing nasal allergic inflammation that were inoculated with S pneumoniae had significantly more bacteria recovered at sacrifice and had significantly more inflammation, as indicated by neutrophil, eosinophil, and mononuclear influx into the sinus mucosa. The percentage of the sinus area occupied by neutrophil clusters was also increased after infection in the allergic mice in comparison with the control mice. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that mice can be sensitized to ovalbumin and develop a localized allergic reaction in the skin, nose, or lung. An ongoing local allergic response augments bacterial infection in these animals. We also demonstrate that allergic sensitization alone, allergen exposure alone, or an allergic response at a distal site, the lung, does not augment the sinus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Blair
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Abstract
An International Standard, ISO 15189, specifically for 'Quality management in the medical laboratory' for use by accrediting 'bodies that recognize the competence of medical laboratories,' is expected to be published shortly. The origins, content and limitations of the new standard are discussed and the diversity of current arrangements for accreditation is reviewed. A new International Standard is an important step towards harmonization of laboratory practice but an accreditation system is more than its standards and a harmonized approach to the treatment of noncompliances found at inspection is important. Experience gained in writing national standards can improve the approach to the drafting and improvement of International Standards. Recognition of the principle of subsidiarity aids rather than hinders progress to harmonization and empowers the 'fourth element' (the laboratories to be accredited) to be a part of the accreditation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Burnett
- Lindens Lodge, Bradford Place, Penarth CF64 1LA, UK.
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Blair C. More ‘reservations’ over Petalia plan. Aust Vet J 2001; 79:244-5. [PMID: 11349403 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2001.tb11967.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
When people collaborate to recall information, they experience collaborative inhibition, a deficit in recall relative to nominal groups (the pooled, nonredundant recall of individuals working alone). That is, people recalling in groups do not perform up to their potential. Collaborative inhibition may be due to retrieval interference (e.g., B. H. Basden, D. R. Basden, S. Bryner, & R. L. Thomas, 1997) or to motivational factors such as social loafing in the group situation. Five experiments examined the role of motivational factors by varying monetary incentives, recall criterion, personal accountability, group cohesion, and group gender. Increasing motivation sometimes increased the overall level of recall but failed to eliminate the collaborative inhibition effect. The results suggest that collaboration interferes with an individual's ability to reconstruct his or her knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Weldon
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz 95064, USA.
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Abstract
When people collaborate to recall information, they experience collaborative inhibition, a deficit in recall relative to nominal groups (the pooled, nonredundant recall of individuals working alone). That is, people recalling in groups do not perform up to their potential. Collaborative inhibition may be due to retrieval interference (e.g., B. H. Basden, D. R. Basden, S. Bryner, & R. L. Thomas, 1997) or to motivational factors such as social loafing in the group situation. Five experiments examined the role of motivational factors by varying monetary incentives, recall criterion, personal accountability, group cohesion, and group gender. Increasing motivation sometimes increased the overall level of recall but failed to eliminate the collaborative inhibition effect. The results suggest that collaboration interferes with an individual's ability to reconstruct his or her knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Weldon
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz 95064, USA.
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Moor S, Sharrock G, Scott J, Mcqueen H, Wrate R, Cowan J, Blair C. Evaluation of a teaching package designed to improve teachers' recognition of depressed pupils-a pilot study. J Adolesc 2000; 23:331-42. [PMID: 10837111 DOI: 10.1006/jado.2000.0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This pilot study evaluated the impact of a teaching package for school staff on their ability to recognize depressed pupils within a year group in their school. Sixteen teachers were tested before and after training on their ability to identify depressed pupils in that year. The pupils were screened using a 2-stage procedure to determine caseness for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). After training, teachers felt more confidant about their ability to recognize depressed pupils but this was not able to be statistically verified because of small teachers numbers. This suggests a promising way forward in recognizing depression in the community.
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Jen A, Baroody F, de Tineo M, Haney L, Blair C, Naclerio R. As-needed use of fluticasone propionate nasal spray reduces symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000; 105:732-8. [PMID: 10756223 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2000.105225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The daily use of intranasal corticosteroids is approved for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to test the effectiveness of as-needed use of intranasal corticosteroids in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. METHODS A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel-group study of the as-needed usage of fluticasone propionate nasal spray in the management of seasonal allergic rhinitis was performed. Outcome measures were symptom score, Rhinitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ), and the number of eosinophils and the level of eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) in nasal lavage. RESULTS Twenty-six subjects in each group completed the 4-week study. The median symptom score over the duration of the study in the placebo group was 8.5 versus 4.5 in the active group. The active group had significant improvement on the interim visit in the sleep, non-nose/eye, activities, nasal, practical, and overall domains (P <.05) of the RQLQ and on the final visit in the nasal symptom domain. The number of eosinophils was significantly lower in the active than in the placebo group at the final visit. Changes in ECP were not significant. CONCLUSION As-needed fluticasone propionate nasal spray is efficacious in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jen
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Blair C. The dizzy patient. Am J Nurs 1999; 99:61-5, 67. [PMID: 10489582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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Baroody FM, Gungor A, deTineo M, Haney L, Blair C, Naclerio RM. Comparison of the response to histamine challenge of the nose and the maxillary sinus: effect of loratadine. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1999; 87:1038-47. [PMID: 10484575 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1999.87.3.1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the response of the maxillary sinus to histamine provocation, we performed a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial during which nonallergic subjects without symptoms of rhinitis (n = 25) received either 10 mg loratadine or placebo once daily for a week and then underwent nasal challenge with histamine (3, 10, and 30 mg/ml) followed, 24 h later, by a maxillary sinus challenge while still receiving the medication. Nasal challenge with histamine led to significant increases in vascular permeability, reflex nasal secretions, sneezing, and other nasal symptoms. Sinus challenge resulted in significant increases in vascular permeability within the sinus cavity (P < 0.01) and some nasal symptoms but no significant change in reflex nasal secretions. The response of the sinus mucosa to histamine was lower in magnitude than that of the nose. Treatment with loratadine resulted in a significant inhibition of the histamine-induced changes in both nasal and sinus cavities. Our data suggest the lack of a sinonasal reflex response to histamine provocation of the maxillary sinus of nonallergic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Baroody
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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Blair C, Valadez JJ, Falkland J. The use of professional theatre for health promotion including HIV / AIDS. J Dev Comm 1999; 10:9-15. [PMID: 12349164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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Blair C. The art of setting fees. Interview by Dr. Joseph A. Blaes. Dent Econ 1998; 88:38, 40-1, 106. [PMID: 10379242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Abstract
A task that requires subjects to determine whether two forms of the same shape, but in different orientations, are mirror images or identical except for orientation is called a handedness recognition task. Subjects' reaction times (RT) on this task are consistently related to the angular disparity (termed alpha) between the two presented forms. This pattern of data has been interpreted to indicate that subjects solve the task by imagining that one of the forms rotates into the orientation of the other (termed mental rotation). The speed with which one imagines one of the forms rotating has been widely considered a fixed capability of the individual, and thus immune to the effect of contingencies. We present an experiment that assesses the effects of temporal contingencies in a handedness recognition task on the slope of the function RT = f(alpha). The data indicate that the slope of this function can come under the control of temporal contingencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Cohen
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Wilmington 28403-3297, USA.
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Blaes JA, Blair C. How to profit from practice survey. The inside scoop on Dr. Typical. Dent Econ 1998; 88:30-3. [PMID: 10200642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Mellor J, Haydon G, Blair C, Livingstone W, Simmonds P. Low level or absent in vivo replication of hepatitis C virus and hepatitis G virus/GB virus C in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Gen Virol 1998; 79 ( Pt 4):705-14. [PMID: 9568964 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-79-4-705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate which subsets of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are susceptible to infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis G virus (HGV) or GB virus C (GBV-C), a PCR-based assay using tagged primers in the core region (HCV) and NS3 region (HGV/GBV-C) for the specific detection of negative strand (replicating) viral RNA sequences was developed. In liver biopsy samples both positive and negative strands of HCV RNA were detected, at levels ranging from 3 to 11 x 10(6) RNA copies per 10(6) cells and 3.7-4.2 x 10(3) copies per 10(6) cells respectively, while lower frequencies of positive strands of GBV-C/HGV RNA were detected (from 13 biopsies, the highest frequency was 7.3 x 10(3) per 10(6) cells). In no samples were negative RNA strands detected. To investigate extra-hepatic replication of HCV and GBV-C/HGV, CD4+, CD8+ and B lymphocytes, monocytes and putative dendritic cell populations were separated from PBMCs from ten study subjects. Detection of positive strand HCV RNA was largely confined to B lymphocytes (at levels of up to 5 x 10(3) copies per 10(6) cells), while detection of negative strands was confined to a single subset (dendritic cells) of one of the study individuals. Similarly, GBV-C/HGV was detected at low levels in only twelve of twenty PBMC samples, while negative strands were uniformly absent. The low levels of HCV and GBV-C/HGV RNA in PBMCs suggest that these cells are at most a minor reservoir for virus replication. The absence of detectable replication of GBV-C/HGV suggests that the actual site of GBV-C/HGV replication remains to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mellor
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Edinburgh, UK
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