1
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Manweiler JW, Breneman A, Niehof J, Larsen B, Romeo G, Stephens G, Halford A, Kletzing C, Brown LE, Spence H, Reeves G, Friedel R, Smith S, Skoug R, Blake B, Baker D, Kanekal S, Hoxie V, Jaynes A, Wygant J, Bonnell J, Crawford D, Gkioulidou M, Lanzerotti LJ, Mitchell DG, Gerrard A, Ukhorskiy A, Sotirelis T, Barnes RJ, Millan R, Harris B. Science of the Van Allen Probes Science Operations Centers. Space Sci Rev 2022; 218:66. [PMID: 36407497 PMCID: PMC9668807 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-022-00919-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Van Allen Probes mission operations materialized through a distributed model in which operational responsibility was divided between the Mission Operations Center (MOC) and separate instrument specific SOCs. The sole MOC handled all aspects of telemetering and receiving tasks as well as certain scientifically relevant ancillary tasks. Each instrument science team developed individual instrument specific SOCs proficient in unique capabilities in support of science data acquisition, data processing, instrument performance, and tools for the instrument team scientists. In parallel activities, project scientists took on the task of providing a significant modeling tool base usable by the instrument science teams and the larger scientific community. With a mission as complex as Van Allen Probes, scientific inquiry occurred due to constant and significant collaboration between the SOCs and in concert with the project science team. Planned cross-instrument coordinated observations resulted in critical discoveries during the seven-year mission. Instrument cross-calibration activities elucidated a more seamless set of data products. Specific topics include post-launch changes and enhancements to the SOCs, discussion of coordination activities between the SOCs, SOC specific analysis software, modeling software provided by the Van Allen Probes project, and a section on lessons learned. One of the most significant lessons learned was the importance of the original decision to implement individual team SOCs providing timely and well-documented instrument data for the NASA Van Allen Probes Mission scientists and the larger magnetospheric and radiation belt scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brian Larsen
- ECT, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM USA
| | - Giuseppe Romeo
- RBSPICE and Project, Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD USA
| | - Grant Stephens
- RBSPICE and Project, Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD USA
| | | | | | - Lawrence E. Brown
- RBSPICE and Project, Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD USA
| | | | - Geoff Reeves
- ECT, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM USA
| | | | - Sonya Smith
- ECT, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH USA
| | - Ruth Skoug
- ECT, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM USA
| | - Bern Blake
- ECT, Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Dan Baker
- ECT, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Shri Kanekal
- ECT, Goddard Spaceflight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - Vaughn Hoxie
- ECT, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | | | - John Wygant
- EFW, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - John Bonnell
- EFW, University of California-Berkley, Berkley, CA USA
| | | | - Matina Gkioulidou
- RBSPICE and Project, Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD USA
| | | | - Donald G. Mitchell
- RBSPICE and Project, Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD USA
| | - Andrew Gerrard
- RBSPICE, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ USA
| | - Aleksandr Ukhorskiy
- RBSPICE and Project, Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD USA
| | - Thomas Sotirelis
- RBSPICE and Project, Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD USA
| | - Robin J. Barnes
- RBSPICE and Project, Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD USA
| | | | - Blaine Harris
- RBSPICE, Fundamental Technologies, LLC, Lawrence, KS USA
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2
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Spicher A, LaBelle J, Bonnell JW, Roglans R, Moser C, Fuselier SA, Bounds S, Clausen LBN, Di Mare F, Feltman CA, Jin Y, Kletzing C, Miloch WJ, Moen JI, Oksavik K, Sawyer R, Takahashi T, Yeoman TK. Interferometric Study of Ionospheric Plasma Irregularities in Regions of Phase Scintillations and HF Backscatter. Geophys Res Lett 2022; 49:e2021GL097013. [PMID: 35865911 PMCID: PMC9287061 DOI: 10.1029/2021gl097013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the nature of small-scale irregularities observed in the cusp by the Twin Rockets to Investigate Cusp Electrodynamics-2 (TRICE-2) in regions of enhanced phase scintillations and high-frequency coherent radar backscatter. We take advantage of the fact that the irregularities were detected by spatially separated probes, and present an interferometric analysis of both the observed electron density and electric field fluctuations. We provide evidence that fluctuations spanning a few decameters to about a meter have low phase velocity in the plasma reference frame and are nondispersive, confirming that decameter-scale irregularities follow the E × B velocity. Furthermore, we show that these "spatial" structures are intermittent and prominent outside of regions with strongest precipitation. The observations are then discussed in the context of possible mechanisms for irregularity creation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Spicher
- Department of Physics and TechnologyUIT the Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - James LaBelle
- Department of Physics and AstronomyDartmouth CollegeHanoverNHUSA
| | - John W. Bonnell
- Space Sciences LaboratoryUniversity of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Roger Roglans
- Space Sciences LaboratoryUniversity of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Chrystal Moser
- Department of Physics and AstronomyDartmouth CollegeHanoverNHUSA
| | - Stephen A. Fuselier
- Southwest Research InstituteSan AntonioTXUSA
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Yaqi Jin
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | | | | | - Jøran I. Moen
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- University Centre in SvalbardLongyearbyenNorway
| | - Kjellmar Oksavik
- University Centre in SvalbardLongyearbyenNorway
- Birkeland Centre for Space ScienceDepartment of Physics and TechnologyUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Rhyan Sawyer
- Southwest Research InstituteSan AntonioTXUSA
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Toru Takahashi
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Electronic Navigation Research InstituteNational Institute of Maritime, Port, and Aviation TechnologyTokyoJapan
| | - Tim K. Yeoman
- Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
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3
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Miyoshi Y, Shinohara I, Ukhorskiy S, Claudepierre SG, Mitani T, Takashima T, Hori T, Santolik O, Kolmasova I, Matsuda S, Kasahara Y, Teramoto M, Katoh Y, Hikishima M, Kojima H, Kurita S, Imajo S, Higashio N, Kasahara S, Yokota S, Asamura K, Kazama Y, Wang SY, Jun CW, Kasaba Y, Kumamoto A, Tsuchiya F, Shoji M, Nakamura S, Kitahara M, Matsuoka A, Shiokawa K, Seki K, Nosé M, Takahashi K, Martinez-Calderon C, Hospodarsky G, Colpitts C, Kletzing C, Wygant J, Spence H, Baker DN, Reeves GD, Blake JB, Lanzerotti L. Collaborative Research Activities of the Arase and Van Allen Probes. Space Sci Rev 2022; 218:38. [PMID: 35757012 PMCID: PMC9213325 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-022-00885-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the highlights of joint observations of the inner magnetosphere by the Arase spacecraft, the Van Allen Probes spacecraft, and ground-based experiments integrated into spacecraft programs. The concurrent operation of the two missions in 2017-2019 facilitated the separation of the spatial and temporal structures of dynamic phenomena occurring in the inner magnetosphere. Because the orbital inclination angle of Arase is larger than that of Van Allen Probes, Arase collected observations at higher L -shells up to L ∼ 10 . After March 2017, similar variations in plasma and waves were detected by Van Allen Probes and Arase. We describe plasma wave observations at longitudinally separated locations in space and geomagnetically-conjugate locations in space and on the ground. The results of instrument intercalibrations between the two missions are also presented. Arase continued its normal operation after the scientific operation of Van Allen Probes completed in October 2019. The combined Van Allen Probes (2012-2019) and Arase (2017-present) observations will cover a full solar cycle. This will be the first comprehensive long-term observation of the inner magnetosphere and radiation belts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Miyoshi
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - I. Shinohara
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, 252-5210 Japan
| | - S. Ukhorskiy
- Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, 11101 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA
| | - S. G. Claudepierre
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 7115 Math Sciences Bldg., Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - T. Mitani
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, 252-5210 Japan
| | - T. Takashima
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, 252-5210 Japan
| | - T. Hori
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - O. Santolik
- Faculty of Mathematics an Physics, Charles University, V Holesovickach 2, 18000 Prague, Czechia
- Dept. of Space Physics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bocni II 1401, 14100 Prague, Czechia
| | - I. Kolmasova
- Faculty of Mathematics an Physics, Charles University, V Holesovickach 2, 18000 Prague, Czechia
- Dept. of Space Physics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bocni II 1401, 14100 Prague, Czechia
| | - S. Matsuda
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192 Japan
| | - Y. Kasahara
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192 Japan
| | - M. Teramoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyusyu, 804-8550 Japan
| | - Y. Katoh
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578 Japan
| | - M. Hikishima
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, 252-5210 Japan
| | - H. Kojima
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011 Japan
| | - S. Kurita
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011 Japan
| | - S. Imajo
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - N. Higashio
- Strategic Planning and Management Department, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tokyo, 101-8008 Japan
| | - S. Kasahara
- Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - S. Yokota
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043 Japan
| | - K. Asamura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, 252-5210 Japan
| | - Y. Kazama
- Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - S.-Y. Wang
- Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - C.-W. Jun
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Y. Kasaba
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578 Japan
| | - A. Kumamoto
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578 Japan
| | - F. Tsuchiya
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578 Japan
| | - M. Shoji
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - S. Nakamura
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - M. Kitahara
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578 Japan
| | - A. Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - K. Shiokawa
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - K. Seki
- Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - M. Nosé
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - K. Takahashi
- Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, 11101 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA
| | - C. Martinez-Calderon
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - G. Hospodarsky
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Van Allen Hall (VAN), Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - C. Colpitts
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, 116 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Craig Kletzing
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Van Allen Hall (VAN), Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - J. Wygant
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, 116 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - H. Spence
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, 8 College Road, Durham, NH 03824 USA
| | - D. N. Baker
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, 3665 Discovery Drive, 600 UCB, Boulder, CO 80303 USA
| | - G. D. Reeves
- Inteligence & Space Reserarch Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM USA
| | - J. B. Blake
- The Aerospace Corporation, P.O. Box 92957, Los Angeles, CA 90009-2957 USA
| | - L. Lanzerotti
- Department of Physics, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 USA
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4
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An X, Li J, Bortnik J, Decyk V, Kletzing C, Hospodarsky G. Unified View of Nonlinear Wave Structures Associated with Whistler-Mode Chorus. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:045101. [PMID: 30768310 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.045101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A range of nonlinear wave structures, including Langmuir waves, unipolar electric fields, and bipolar electric fields, are often observed in association with whistler-mode chorus waves in near-Earth space. We demonstrate that the three seemingly different nonlinear wave structures originate from the same nonlinear electron trapping process by whistler-mode chorus waves. The ratio of the Landau resonant velocity to the electron thermal velocity controls the type of nonlinear wave structures that will be generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin An
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Jinxing Li
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Jacob Bortnik
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Viktor Decyk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Craig Kletzing
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - George Hospodarsky
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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5
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Dai L, Wang C, Duan S, He Z, Wygant JR, Cattell CA, Tao X, Su Z, Kletzing C, Baker DN, Li X, Malaspina D, Blake JB, Fennell J, Claudepierre S, Turner DL, Reeves GD, Funsten HO, Spence HE, Angelopoulos V, Fruehauff D, Chen L, Thaller S, Breneman A, Tang X. Near-Earth injection of MeV electrons associated with intense dipolarization electric fields: Van Allen Probes observations. Geophys Res Lett 2015; 42:6170-6179. [PMID: 27656009 PMCID: PMC5014237 DOI: 10.1002/2015gl064955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Substorms generally inject tens to hundreds of keV electrons, but intense substorm electric fields have been shown to inject MeV electrons as well. An intriguing question is whether such MeVelectron injections can populate the outer radiation belt. Here we present observations of a substorm injection of MeV electrons into the inner magnetosphere. In the premidnight sector at L ∼ 5.5, Van Allen Probes (Radiation Belt Storm Probes)-A observed a large dipolarization electric field (50 mV/m) over ∼40 s and a dispersionless injection of electrons up to ∼3 MeV. Pitch angle observations indicated betatron acceleration of MeV electrons at the dipolarization front. Corresponding signals of MeV electron injection were observed at LANL-GEO, THEMIS-D, and GOES at geosynchronous altitude. Through a series of dipolarizations, the injections increased the MeV electron phase space density by 1 order of magnitude in less than 3 h in the outer radiation belt (L > 4.8). Our observations provide evidence that deep injections can supply significant MeV electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China; School of Physics and Astronomy University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Chi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Suping Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Zhaohai He
- State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - John R Wygant
- School of Physics and Astronomy University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Cynthia A Cattell
- School of Physics and Astronomy University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Xin Tao
- Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Zhenpeng Su
- Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Craig Kletzing
- Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - Daniel N Baker
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Xinlin Li
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - David Malaspina
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J Bernard Blake
- Space Sciences Department The Aerospace Corporation Los Angeles California USA
| | - Joseph Fennell
- Space Sciences Department The Aerospace Corporation Los Angeles California USA
| | - Seth Claudepierre
- Space Sciences Department The Aerospace Corporation Los Angeles California USA
| | - Drew L Turner
- Space Sciences Department The Aerospace Corporation Los Angeles California USA
| | | | | | - Harlan E Spence
- Department of Physics Institute for Earth, Oceans and Space University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Vassilis Angelopoulos
- Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics University of California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Dennis Fruehauff
- Institute of Geophysics and extraterrestrial Physics Braunschweig University of Technology Braunschweig Germany
| | - Lunjin Chen
- Department of Physics University Of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas USA
| | - Scott Thaller
- School of Physics and Astronomy University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Aaron Breneman
- School of Physics and Astronomy University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Xiangwei Tang
- School of Physics and Astronomy University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Minneapolis Minnesota USA
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6
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Fu X, Cowee MM, Friedel RH, Funsten HO, Gary SP, Hospodarsky GB, Kletzing C, Kurth W, Larsen BA, Liu K, MacDonald EA, Min K, Reeves GD, Skoug RM, Winske D. Whistler anisotropy instabilities as the source of banded chorus: Van Allen Probes observations and particle-in-cell simulations. J Geophys Res Space Phys 2014; 119:8288-8298. [PMID: 26167433 PMCID: PMC4497467 DOI: 10.1002/2014ja020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Magnetospheric banded chorus is enhanced whistler waves with frequencies ωr <Ω e , where Ω e is the electron cyclotron frequency, and a characteristic spectral gap at ωr ≃Ω e /2. This paper uses spacecraft observations and two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations in a magnetized, homogeneous, collisionless plasma to test the hypothesis that banded chorus is due to local linear growth of two branches of the whistler anisotropy instability excited by two distinct, anisotropic electron components of significantly different temperatures. The electron densities and temperatures are derived from Helium, Oxygen, Proton, and Electron instrument measurements on the Van Allen Probes A satellite during a banded chorus event on 1 November 2012. The observations are consistent with a three-component electron model consisting of a cold (a few tens of eV) population, a warm (a few hundred eV) anisotropic population, and a hot (a few keV) anisotropic population. The simulations use plasma and field parameters as measured from the satellite during this event except for two numbers: the anisotropies of the warm and the hot electron components are enhanced over the measured values in order to obtain relatively rapid instability growth. The simulations show that the warm component drives the quasi-electrostatic upper band chorus and that the hot component drives the electromagnetic lower band chorus; the gap at ∼Ω e /2 is a natural consequence of the growth of two whistler modes with different properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Fu
- Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Misa M Cowee
- Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Craig Kletzing
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of IowaIowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - William Kurth
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of IowaIowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Brian A Larsen
- Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Kaijun Liu
- Department of Physics, Auburn UniversityAuburn, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Kyungguk Min
- Department of Physics, Auburn UniversityAuburn, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Ruth M Skoug
- Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Dan Winske
- Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos Alamos, New Mexico, USA
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7
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Kletzing C, Cattell C, Mozer FS, Akasofu SI, Makita K. Evidence for electrostatic shocks as the source of discrete auroral arcs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1029/ja088ia05p04105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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