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Manweiler JW, Breneman A, Niehof J, Larsen B, Romeo G, Stephens G, Halford A, Kletzing C, Brown LE, Spence H, Reeves G, Friedel R, Smith S, Skoug R, Blake B, Baker D, Kanekal S, Hoxie V, Jaynes A, Wygant J, Bonnell J, Crawford D, Gkioulidou M, Lanzerotti LJ, Mitchell DG, Gerrard A, Ukhorskiy A, Sotirelis T, Barnes RJ, Millan R, Harris B. Science of the Van Allen Probes Science Operations Centers. Space Sci Rev 2022; 218:66. [PMID: 36407497 PMCID: PMC9668807 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-022-00919-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Van Allen Probes mission operations materialized through a distributed model in which operational responsibility was divided between the Mission Operations Center (MOC) and separate instrument specific SOCs. The sole MOC handled all aspects of telemetering and receiving tasks as well as certain scientifically relevant ancillary tasks. Each instrument science team developed individual instrument specific SOCs proficient in unique capabilities in support of science data acquisition, data processing, instrument performance, and tools for the instrument team scientists. In parallel activities, project scientists took on the task of providing a significant modeling tool base usable by the instrument science teams and the larger scientific community. With a mission as complex as Van Allen Probes, scientific inquiry occurred due to constant and significant collaboration between the SOCs and in concert with the project science team. Planned cross-instrument coordinated observations resulted in critical discoveries during the seven-year mission. Instrument cross-calibration activities elucidated a more seamless set of data products. Specific topics include post-launch changes and enhancements to the SOCs, discussion of coordination activities between the SOCs, SOC specific analysis software, modeling software provided by the Van Allen Probes project, and a section on lessons learned. One of the most significant lessons learned was the importance of the original decision to implement individual team SOCs providing timely and well-documented instrument data for the NASA Van Allen Probes Mission scientists and the larger magnetospheric and radiation belt scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brian Larsen
- ECT, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM USA
| | - Giuseppe Romeo
- RBSPICE and Project, Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD USA
| | - Grant Stephens
- RBSPICE and Project, Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD USA
| | | | | | - Lawrence E. Brown
- RBSPICE and Project, Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD USA
| | | | - Geoff Reeves
- ECT, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM USA
| | | | - Sonya Smith
- ECT, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH USA
| | - Ruth Skoug
- ECT, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM USA
| | - Bern Blake
- ECT, Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Dan Baker
- ECT, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Shri Kanekal
- ECT, Goddard Spaceflight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - Vaughn Hoxie
- ECT, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | | | - John Wygant
- EFW, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - John Bonnell
- EFW, University of California-Berkley, Berkley, CA USA
| | | | - Matina Gkioulidou
- RBSPICE and Project, Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD USA
| | | | - Donald G. Mitchell
- RBSPICE and Project, Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD USA
| | - Andrew Gerrard
- RBSPICE, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ USA
| | - Aleksandr Ukhorskiy
- RBSPICE and Project, Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD USA
| | - Thomas Sotirelis
- RBSPICE and Project, Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD USA
| | - Robin J. Barnes
- RBSPICE and Project, Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD USA
| | | | - Blaine Harris
- RBSPICE, Fundamental Technologies, LLC, Lawrence, KS USA
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2
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Abstract
Introduction Ultrasound estimation of fetal weight is an important factor guiding antenatal management. We aimed to review the accuracy of ultrasound in predicting fetal weight and birthweight category and identify influencing factors. Methods We performed a retrospective study of term pregnant women who underwent ultrasound within 7 days of delivery at National Women's Health between January 2019 and January 2020. Stillbirths, major fetal anomalies and multiple pregnancies were excluded. Estimated fetal weight (EFW) was calculated using Hadlock formula and compared with birthweights. We evaluated change in weight categories due to these errors. Results Of 560 fetuses included, three quarters (n = 425, 76%) of EFWs were within 10% of birthweight. 135 fetuses had EFWs either less than 90% (n = 19) or greater than 110% (n = 116). Fetuses with EFW < 90% had longer times between scanning and delivery, lower EFW and higher maternal BMI. Fetuses with EFW > 110% were associated with higher EFW, later gestational age and older maternal age. US incorrectly estimated 71 (12.7%) fetal birthweight categories. Underestimated weight category (8.9%) was associated with higher maternal BMI. Discussion Inaccurate EFWs were more common at the extremes of fetal weight. A significant association was underestimation birthweight in mothers with increased BMI, who are at increased risk for perinatal and surgical complications. Conclusion Our accuracy of 76% correctly predicted EFWs compares favourably with previous studies. Clinicians and sonographers should be aware of the increased risk for inaccurate categorisation of fetuses at the extremes of EFW and in mothers with increased BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Benson-Cooper
- Greenlane Clinical Centre National Women's Health 214 Green Lane West Epsom, Auckland 1051 New Zealand.,Auckland City Hospital 2 Park Road Grafton, Auckland 1023 New Zealand
| | - Gregory P Tarr
- Greenlane Clinical Centre National Women's Health 214 Green Lane West Epsom, Auckland 1051 New Zealand
| | - Joanne Kelly
- Auckland City Hospital 2 Park Road Grafton, Auckland 1023 New Zealand
| | - Colleen J Bergin
- Greenlane Clinical Centre National Women's Health 214 Green Lane West Epsom, Auckland 1051 New Zealand.,Auckland City Hospital 2 Park Road Grafton, Auckland 1023 New Zealand
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3
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Verspyck E, Senat MV, Subtil D, Vayssiere C. [Which fetal growth curve reference should be now chosen for our country?]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 49:801-802. [PMID: 33989829 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Verspyck
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, CHU de Rouen, 1, rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen cedex, France.
| | - M V Senat
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, université du Kremlin-Bicêtre, CHU du Kremlin-Bicêtre, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - D Subtil
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, université de Lille, CHU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - C Vayssiere
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, université de Toulouse, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Fries N, Dhombres F, Massoud M, Stirnemann JJ, Bessis R, Haddad G, Salomon LJ. The impact of optimal dating on the assessment of fetal growth. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:167. [PMID: 33639870 PMCID: PMC7912534 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03640-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of using the Intergrowth (IG) dating formulae in comparison to the commonly used Robinson dating on the evaluation of biometrics and estimated fetal weight (EFW) has not been evaluated. METHODS Nationwide cross-sectional study of routine fetal ultrasound biometry in low-risk pregnant women whose gestational age (GA) had been previously assessed by a first trimester CRL measurement. We compared the CRL-based GA according to the Robinson formula and the IG formula. We evaluated the fetal biometric measurements as well as the EFW taken later in pregnancy depending on the dating formula used. Mean and standard deviation of the Z scores as well as the number and percentage of cases classified as <3rd, < 10th, >90th and > 97th percentile were compared. RESULTS Three thousand five hundred twenty-two low-risk women with scans carried out after 18 weeks were included. There were differences of zero, one and 2 days in 642 (18.2%), 2700 (76.7%) and 180 (5%) when GA was estimated based on the Robinson or the IG formula, respectively. The biometry Z scores assessed later in pregnancy were all statistically significantly lower when the Intergrowth-based dating formula was used (p < 10- 4). Likewise, the number and percentage of foetuses classified as <3rd, < 10th, >90th and > 97th percentile demonstrated significant differences. As an example, the proportion of SGA foetuses varied from 3.46 to 4.57% (p = 0.02) and that of LGA foetuses from 17.86 to 13.4% (p < 10- 4). CONCLUSION The dating formula used has a quite significant impact on the subsequent evaluation of biometry and EFW. We suggest that the combined and homogeneous use of a recent dating standard, together with prescriptive growth standards established on the same low-risk pregnancies, allows an optimal assessment of fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fries
- Collége Français d'Echographie Foetale, CFEF, 34820, Teyran, France
| | - F Dhombres
- Collége Français d'Echographie Foetale, CFEF, 34820, Teyran, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Trousseau, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - M Massoud
- Collége Français d'Echographie Foetale, CFEF, 34820, Teyran, France
- Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant et Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500, Bron, France
| | - J J Stirnemann
- EA FETUS, 7328, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Université de Paris, 149, Rue de Sèvres, Cedex 15, 75743, Paris, France
| | - R Bessis
- Collége Français d'Echographie Foetale, CFEF, 34820, Teyran, France
| | - G Haddad
- Collége Français d'Echographie Foetale, CFEF, 34820, Teyran, France
| | - L J Salomon
- Collége Français d'Echographie Foetale, CFEF, 34820, Teyran, France.
- EA FETUS, 7328, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France.
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Université de Paris, 149, Rue de Sèvres, Cedex 15, 75743, Paris, France.
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Verger C, Moraitis AA, Barnfield L, Sovio U, Bamfo JEAK. Performance of different fetal growth charts in prediction of large-for-gestational age and associated neonatal morbidity in multiethnic obese population. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2020; 56:73-77. [PMID: 31364195 DOI: 10.1002/uog.20413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the performance of different fetal growth charts in the prediction of large-for-gestational age (LGA) and associated neonatal morbidity at term in a multiethnic, obese population. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of 253 non-anomalous, singleton, term pregnancies that underwent serial third-trimester ultrasound scans due to maternal body mass index ≥ 35 kg/m2 . We compared the performance of the Hadlock, Gestation Related Optimal Weight (GROW), INTERGROWTH-21st (IG-21), World Health Organization (WHO) and Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) fetal growth reference charts in the prediction of LGA at birth, defined as birth weight > 90th percentile, and neonatal morbidity, defined as a composite of neonatal intensive care unit admission or 5-min Apgar score < 7. RESULTS In the study population, 53 (20.9%) infants were born LGA, 27 (10.7%) experienced neonatal morbidity and nine (3.6%) were LGA with associated neonatal morbidity. The Hadlock and GROW charts showed similar performance in predicting LGA, with sensitivity of 66.0% for both and specificity of 82.5% and 83.5%, respectively. The positive likelihood ratios (LR+) were 3.77 (95% CI, 2.64-5.40) and 4.00 (95% CI, 2.77-5.78), respectively. The IG-21, WHO and FMF charts performed similarly and had higher sensitivity of about 85%, with specificity between 66% and 72%. LR+ was 2.74 (95% CI, 2.16-3.47), 2.50 (95% CI, 2.00-3.12) and 3.03 (95% CI, 2.36-3.89), respectively. All charts had high sensitivity for predicting neonatal morbidity associated with LGA, with LR+ ranging between 2.35 and 3.61. CONCLUSIONS In our multiethnic, obese population, all fetal growth charts performed well in predicting LGA and associated neonatal morbidity. However, the choice of fetal reference chart is likely to affect intervention rates. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Verger
- The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - L Barnfield
- Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Bedfordshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, UK
| | - U Sovio
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J E A K Bamfo
- Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Bedfordshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, UK
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6
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Duncan JR, Schenone C, Dorset KM, Goedecke PJ, Tobiasz AM, Meyer NL, Schenone MH. Estimated fetal weight accuracy in pregnancies with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes by the Hadlock method. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:1754-1758. [PMID: 32441170 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1769593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to assess the accuracy of the estimated fetal weight (EFW) to predict the birthweigth (BW) in pregnancies complicated by PPROM.Study design: This study was a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort of pregnancies with PPROM. We included singleton pregnancies from 23 to 36 + 6 weeks, mothers from 13 to 46 years of age, and those with an EFW within two weeks of delivery. We excluded pregnancies with complex fetal anomalies and fetal demise. The accuracy of the EFW was determined by the absolute percent difference between BW and EFW ([BW-EFW]/BW*100%). T tests and linear regression were performed for statistical analysis.Results: The mean percent difference of BW vs. EFW was 8.72 ± 6.94%. The EFW was more accurate (8.24 ± 6.81 vs. 13.31 ± 6.88%, p = .027) and had more measurements with a absolute difference < 10% (70% vs. 30%; p = .034) when performed within seven days of delivery. The EFW accuracy decreased with anhydramnios (11.37 ± 7.06 vs. 7.69 ± 6.77%, p = .020), but the measurements with an absolute difference <10% was not significantly different (p = .27) with anhydramnios.Conclusion: In PPROM, the EFW within seven days to delivery by Hadlock accurately predicts the birthweight with a mean absolute difference of 8.2%.Brief rationale: There are a limited number of studies evaluating the accuracy of the EFW in pregnancies with PPROM in the last four decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Duncan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Claudio Schenone
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Katherine M Dorset
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Patricia J Goedecke
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ana M Tobiasz
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Sanford Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology. Bismarck, ND, USA
| | - Norman L Meyer
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mauro H Schenone
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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7
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Janas P, Radoń-Pokracka M, Nowak M, Staroń A, Wilczyńska G, Brzozowska M, Huras H. Effect of oligohydramnios on the accuracy of sonographic foetal weight estimation in at term pregnancies. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 58:278-281. [PMID: 30910153 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ultrasound estimation of foetal weight is a very important aspect of antenatal care. The role of amniotic fluid volume as a potential factor which may impede the relevance of ultrasonographic foetal weight estimation is still questionable. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of isolated oligohydramnios on the accuracy of ultrasound foetal weight estimation in at term pregnancies when examination was performed within 48 h before delivery. MATERIALS AND METHODS The retrospective cohort study included 1831 women with low-risk, singleton, at term pregnancy. Estimated foetal weight (EFW) was calculated using Hadlock-4 formula. Exclusion criteria consisted of multiple pregnancies, active phase of labour, preeclampsia, foetal growth restriction, foetal anomalies, gestational diabetes mellitus and the evidence of intrauterine infection. Isolated oligohydramnios was defined as Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) ≤50 mm without any other foetal anomalies. EFW and actual birth weight (ABW) were compared by calculation of: absolute error (AE), absolute percentage error (APE) and substantial error (SE) = APE >10%. RESULTS Participants were divided into 2 groups: Group 1: patients with normal AFI (50 ≤ AFI ≤250 mm; n = 1602) and Group 2: (isolated oligohydramnios, n = 229). There were not observed statistically significant differences between mean ABW and mean EFW in both groups (Group 1: p = 0.525; Group 2: p = 0.317). Mean AE in Group 1 was 221.8 g and 223.1 g in Group 2 (p = 0.919). Mean APE was 6.54% and 6.64% in Group 1 and 2 respectively (p = 0.816). SE ratio was 21.9% in Group 1 and 19.2% in Group 2. Underestimation to overestimation ratio in Group 1 was 1.01 and 0.84 in Group 2. CONCLUSIONS Amniotic fluid volume has limited impact on ultrasound foetal weight estimation. In oligohydramnios group there might be a tendency of overestimation of neonatal ABW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Janas
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
| | | | - Magdalena Nowak
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Agata Staroń
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Gabriela Wilczyńska
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Mirella Brzozowska
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Hubert Huras
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
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8
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Haddad G. [Fetal biometry: It is time for change]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 45:517-8. [PMID: 29033022 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
This article reports the conclusions and recommendations resulting from the seminar organized in Paris on June 15, 2017 by the scientific committee of the French College of Fetal Ultrasound (CFEF). The purpose of this meeting was to audit the practices in screening for SGA and IUGR fetuses in France and to discuss ways to improve ultrasound screening. A review of charts, references, standards and common practices was performed. The potential new biometric tools applicable in France were reviewed and analyzed. Eventually, options and recommendations for improvement are proposed.
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10
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Sarno-Smith LK, Larsen BA, Skoug RM, Liemohn MW, Breneman A, Wygant JR, Thomsen MF. Spacecraft surface charging within geosynchronous orbit observed by the Van Allen Probes. Space Weather 2016; 14:151-164. [PMID: 27398076 PMCID: PMC4933096 DOI: 10.1002/2015sw001345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using the Helium Oxygen Proton Electron (HOPE) and Electric Field and Waves (EFW) instruments from the Van Allen Probes, we explored the relationship between electron energy fluxes in the eV and keV ranges and spacecraft surface charging. We present statistical results on spacecraft charging within geosynchronous orbit by L and MLT. An algorithm to extract the H+ charging line in the HOPE instrument data was developed to better explore intense charging events. Also, this study explored how spacecraft potential relates to electron number density, electron pressure, electron temperature, thermal electron current, and low-energy ion density between 1 and 210 eV. It is demonstrated that it is imperative to use both EFW potential measurements and the HOPE instrument ion charging line for examining times of extreme spacecraft charging of the Van Allen Probes. The results of this study show that elevated electron energy fluxes and high-electron pressures are present during times of spacecraft charging but these same conditions may also occur during noncharging times. We also show noneclipse significant negative charging events on the Van Allen Probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lois K Sarno-Smith
- Department of Climate and Space Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Brian A Larsen
- Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| | - Ruth M Skoug
- Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| | - Michael W Liemohn
- Department of Climate and Space Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Aaron Breneman
- School of Physics and Astronomy University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - John R Wygant
- School of Physics and Astronomy University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
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Ollson CA, Whitfield Aslund ML, Knopper LD, Dan T. Site specific risk assessment of an energy-from-waste/thermal treatment facility in Durham Region, Ontario, Canada. Part B: Ecological risk assessment. Sci Total Environ 2014; 466-467:242-252. [PMID: 23895787 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The regions of Durham and York in Ontario, Canada have partnered to construct an energy-from-waste (EFW) thermal treatment facility as part of a long term strategy for the management of their municipal solid waste. In this paper we present the results of a comprehensive ecological risk assessment (ERA) for this planned facility, based on baseline sampling and site specific modeling to predict facility-related emissions, which was subsequently accepted by regulatory authorities. Emissions were estimated for both the approved initial operating design capacity of the facility (140,000 tonnes per year) and the maximum design capacity (400,000 tonnes per year). In general, calculated ecological hazard quotients (EHQs) and screening ratios (SRs) for receptors did not exceed the benchmark value (1.0). The only exceedances noted were generally due to existing baseline media concentrations, which did not differ from those expected for similar unimpacted sites in Ontario. This suggests that these exceedances reflect conservative assumptions applied in the risk assessment rather than actual potential risk. However, under predicted upset conditions at 400,000 tonnes per year (i.e., facility start-up, shutdown, and loss of air pollution control), a potential unacceptable risk was estimated for freshwater receptors with respect to benzo(g,h,i)perylene (SR=1.1), which could not be attributed to baseline conditions. Although this slight exceedance reflects a conservative worst-case scenario (upset conditions coinciding with worst-case meteorological conditions), further investigation of potential ecological risk should be performed if this facility is expanded to the maximum operating capacity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Ollson
- Intrinsik Environmental Sciences Inc., 6605 Hurontario Street, Mississauga, ON L5T 0A3, Canada.
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Ollson CA, Knopper LD, Whitfield Aslund ML, Jayasinghe R. Site specific risk assessment of an energy-from-waste thermal treatment facility in Durham Region, Ontario, Canada. Part A: Human health risk assessment. Sci Total Environ 2014; 466-467:345-356. [PMID: 23911923 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The regions of Durham and York in Ontario, Canada have partnered to construct an energy-from-waste thermal treatment facility as part of a long term strategy for the management of their municipal solid waste. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive human health risk assessment for this facility. This assessment was based on extensive sampling of baseline environmental conditions (e.g., collection and analysis of air, soil, water, and biota samples) as well as detailed site specific modeling to predict facility-related emissions of 87 identified contaminants of potential concern. Emissions were estimated for both the approved initial operating design capacity of the facility (140,000 tonnes per year) and for the maximum design capacity (400,000 tonnes per year). For the 140,000 tonnes per year scenario, this assessment indicated that facility-related emissions are unlikely to cause adverse health risks to local residents, farmers, or other receptors (e.g., recreational users). For the 400,000 tonnes per year scenarios, slightly elevated risks were noted with respect to inhalation (hydrogen chloride) and infant consumption of breast milk (dioxins and furans), but only during predicted 'upset conditions' (i.e. facility start-up, shutdown, and loss of air pollution control) that represent unusual and/or transient occurrences. However, current provincial regulations require that additional environmental screening would be mandatory prior to expansion of the facility beyond the initial approved capacity (140,000 tonnes per year). Therefore, the potential risks due to upset conditions for the 400,000 tonnes per year scenario should be more closely investigated if future expansion is pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Ollson
- Intrinsik Environmental Sciences, 6605 Hurontario Street, Mississauga, ON L5T 0A3, Canada.
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13
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Carandang F, Anglemyer A, Longhurst CA, Krishnan G, Alexander SR, Kahana M, Sutherland SM. Association between maintenance fluid tonicity and hospital-acquired hyponatremia. J Pediatr 2013; 163:1646-51. [PMID: 23998517 PMCID: PMC3864746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the administration of hypotonic fluids compared with isotonic fluids is associated with a greater risk for hyponatremia in hospitalized children. STUDY DESIGN Informatics-enabled cohort study of all hospitalizations at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital between April 2009 and March 2011. Extraction and analysis of electronic medical record data identified normonatremic hospitalized children who received either hypotonic or isotonic intravenous maintenance fluids upon admission. The primary exposure was the administration of hypotonic maintenance fluids, and the primary outcome was the development of hyponatremia (serum sodium <135 mEq/L). RESULTS A total of 1048 normonatremic children received either hypotonic (n = 674) or isotonic (n = 374) maintenance fluids upon admission. Hyponatremia developed in 260 (38.6%) children who received hypotonic fluids and 104 (27.8%) of those who received isotonic fluids (unadjusted OR 1.63; 95% CI 1.24-2.15, P < .001). After we controlled for intergroup differences and potential confounders, patients receiving hypotonic fluids remained more likely to develop hyponatremia (aOR 1.37, 95% CI 1.03-1.84). Multivariable analysis identified additional factors associated with the development of hyponatremia, including surgical admission (aOR 1.44, 95% CI 1.09-1.91), cardiac admitting diagnosis (aOR 2.08, 95% CI 1.34-3.20), and hematology/oncology admitting diagnosis (aOR 2.37, 95% CI 1.74-3.25). CONCLUSIONS Hyponatremia was common regardless of maintenance fluid tonicity; however, the administration of hypotonic maintenance fluids compared with isotonic fluids was associated with a greater risk of developing hospital-acquired hyponatremia. Additional clinical characteristics modified the hyponatremic effect of hypotonic fluid, and it is possible that optimal maintenance fluid therapy now requires a more individualized approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Carandang
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford, CA, United States,Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Andrew Anglemyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Christopher A. Longhurst
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Gomathi Krishnan
- Stanford Center for Clinical Informatics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Steven R. Alexander
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Madelyn Kahana
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Scott M. Sutherland
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford, CA, United States
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Parra-Saavedra M, Crovetto F, Triunfo S, Savchev S, Peguero A, Nadal A, Parra G, Gratacos E, Figueras F. Placental findings in late-onset SGA births without Doppler signs of placental insufficiency. Placenta 2013; 34:1136-41. [PMID: 24138874 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe placental pathological findings in late-onset small-for-gestational age (SGA) births for which Doppler signs of placental insufficiency are lacking. METHODS A series of placentas were evaluated from singleton pregnancies of SGA births (birth weight below the 10th percentile) delivered after 34 weeks with normal umbilical artery Doppler (pulsatility index below the 95th percentile), that were matched by gestational age with adequate-for-gestational age (AGA) controls. Using a hierarchical and standardized system, placental lesions were classified histologically as consequence of maternal underperfusion, fetal underperfusion or inflammation. RESULTS A total of 284 placentas were evaluated (142 SGA and 142 AGA). In the SGA group, 54.2% (77/142) of the placentas had weights below the 3rd percentile for GA while it was a 9.9% (14/142) in the AGA group (p < 0.001). Only 21.8% (31/142) of SGA placentas were free of histological abnormalities, while it was 74.6% (106/142) in the AGA group (p < 0.001). In the abnormal SGA placentas (111/142) there were a total of 161 lesions, attributable to MUP in 64% (103/161), FUP in 15.5% (25/161), and inflammation in 20.5% (33/161). DISCUSSION In most placentas of term SGA neonates with normal UA Doppler histological abnormalities secondary to maternal underperfusion prevail, reflecting latent insufficiency in uteroplacental blood supply. This is consistent with the higher risk of adverse perinatal outcome reported in this population and underscores a need for new markers of placental disease. CONCLUSIONS A significant proportion of late-onset SGA births with normal umbilical artery Doppler may still be explained by placental insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Parra-Saavedra
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Institute Clínic of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology (ICGON), Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain; Maternal-Fetal Unit, CEDIFETAL, Centro de Diagnóstico de Ultrasonido e Imágenes, CEDIUL, Barranquilla, Colombia
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