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Solórzano JE, Issendorf SE, Drott MT, Check JC, Roggenkamp EM, Cruz CD, Kleczewski NM, Gongóra-Canul CC, Malvick DK. A new and effective method to induce infection of Phyllachora maydis into corn for tar spot studies in controlled environments. Plant Methods 2023; 19:83. [PMID: 37563651 PMCID: PMC10416423 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tar spot of corn is a significant and spreading disease in the continental U.S. and Canada caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Phyllachora maydis. As of 2023, tar spot had been reported in 18 U.S. states and one Canadian Province. The symptoms of tar spot include chlorotic flecking followed by the formation of black stromata where conidia and ascospores are produced. Advancements in research and management for tar spot have been limited by a need for a reliable method to inoculate plants to enable the study of the disease. The goal of this study was to develop a reliable method to induce tar spot in controlled conditions. RESULTS We induced infection of corn by P. maydis in 100% of inoculated plants with a new inoculation method. This method includes the use of vacuum-collection tools to extract ascospores from field-infected corn leaves, application of spores to leaves, and induction of the disease in the dark at high humidity and moderate temperatures. Infection and disease development were consistently achieved in four independent experiments on different corn hybrids and under different environmental conditions in a greenhouse and growth chamber. Disease induction was impacted by the source and storage conditions of spores, as tar spot was not induced with ascospores from leaves stored dry at 25 ºC for 5 months but was induced using ascospores from infected leaves stored at -20 ºC for 5 months. The time from inoculation to stromata formation was 10 to 12 days and ascospores were present 19 days after inoculation throughout our experiments. In addition to providing techniques that enable in-vitro experimentation, our research also provides fundamental insights into the conditions that favor tar spot epidemics. CONCLUSIONS We developed a method to reliably inoculate corn with P. maydis. The method was validated by multiple independent experiments in which infection was induced in 100% of the plants, demonstrating its consistency in controlled conditions. This new method facilitates research on tar spot and provides opportunities to study the biology of P. maydis, the epidemiology of tar spot, and for identifying host resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- José E Solórzano
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, U.S.A..
| | - Shea E Issendorf
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, U.S.A
| | - Milton T Drott
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, U.S.A
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN, 55108, U.S.A
| | - Jill C Check
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, U.S.A
| | - Emily M Roggenkamp
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, U.S.A
| | - C D Cruz
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, U.S.A
| | | | - Carlos C Gongóra-Canul
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, U.S.A
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Conkal, YU, 97345, Mexico
| | - Dean K Malvick
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, U.S.A..
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Góngora-Canul C, Jiménez-Beitia FE, Puerto-Hernández C, Avellaneda C MC, Kleczewski N, Telenko DEP, Shim S, Solórzano JE, Goodwin SB, Scofield SR, Cruz CD. Assessment of symptom induction via artificial inoculation of the obligate biotrophic fungus Phyllachora maydis (Maubl.) on corn leaves. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:69. [PMID: 37143103 PMCID: PMC10161612 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06341-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tar spot is a foliar disease of corn caused by Phyllachora maydis, which produces signs in the form of stromata that bear conidia and ascospores. Phyllachora maydis cannot be cultured in media; therefore, the inoculum source for studying tar spot comprises leaves with stromata collected from naturally infected plants. Currently, there is no effective protocol to induce infection under controlled conditions. In this study, an inoculation method was assessed under greenhouse and growth chamber conditions to test whether stromata of P. maydis could be induced on corn leaves. RESULTS Experiments resulted in incubation periods ranging between 18 and 20 days and stromata development at the beginning of corn growth stage VT-R1 (silk). The induced stromata of P. maydis were confirmed by microscopy, PCR, or both. From thirteen experiments conducted, four (31%) resulted in the successful production of stromata. Statistical analyses indicate that if an experiment is conducted, there are equal chances of obtaining successful or unsuccessful infections. The information from this study will be valuable for developing more reliable P. maydis inoculation methods in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Góngora-Canul
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 47907, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Tecnologico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, 97345, Conkal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Fidel E Jiménez-Beitia
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 47907, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Carlos Puerto-Hernández
- Escuela Agrícola Panamericana Zamorano, Francisco Morazan, 93, San Antonio de Oriente, Honduras
| | | | - Nathan Kleczewski
- Department of Crop Science, University of Illinois, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Darcy E P Telenko
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 47907, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Sujoung Shim
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 47907, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - José E Solórzano
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, 55108, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Stephen B Goodwin
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 47907, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 47907, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Steven R Scofield
- Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 47907, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - C D Cruz
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 47907, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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Cruz CD, Stephenson JC, Engmann S, Bittle EG, Wahlstrand JK. Pump-probe phase spectroscopy with submilliradian sensitivity and nanosecond time delay using Michelson interferometers. Opt Express 2023; 31:14299-14307. [PMID: 37157297 DOI: 10.1364/oe.483358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Using two Michelson interferometers, we describe an experimental scheme for sensitive pump-probe spectral interferometry measurements at long time delays. It has practical advantages over the Sagnac interferometer method typically used when long-time delays are required. First, with the Sagnac interferometer, achieving many nanosecond delays requires expanding the size of the interferometer so that the reference pulse arrives before the probe pulse. Because the two pulses still pass through the same region of the sample, long-lived effects can still affect the measurement. In our scheme, the probe and reference pulses are spatially separated at the sample, alleviating the need for a large interferometer. Second, in our scheme, a fixed delay between probe and reference pulses is straightforward to produce and is continuously adjustable while maintaining alignment. Two applications are demonstrated. First, transient phase spectra are presented in a thin tetracene film with up to 5 ns probe delay. Second, impulsive stimulated Raman measurements are presented in Bi4Ge3O12. The signal-to-noise using the double Michelson technique is comparable to previously described methods with the added advantage of arbitrarily long pump-probe time delays.
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Cruz CD, Esteve P, Tammela P. Evaluation and validation of Biolog OmniLog ® system for antibacterial activity assays. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 72:589-595. [PMID: 33428794 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Minimal inhibitory concentration of antimicrobials, determined by the broth microdilution method, requires visual assessment or absorbance measurement using a spectrophotometer. Both procedures are usually performed manually, requiring the presence of an operator to assess the plates at specific time point. To increase the throughput of antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and concurrently convert into an automatic assay, the Biolog OmniLog® system was validated for a new, label-free application using standard 96-well microplates. OmniLog was evaluated for its signal strength to ensure that the signal intensity, detected and measured by the system's camera, was satisfactory. Variability due to the plate location inside the OmniLog incubator, as well as variation between wells, was investigated. Then the system was validated by determining the minimal inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin, piperacillin and linezolid against a selected Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains. No significant difference was observed in relation to position of the plates within the system. Plate edge effects were noticeable, thus the edge wells were not included in further experiments. Minimal inhibitory concentration results were comparable to those obtained by conventional protocol as well as to values defined by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute or published in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Cruz
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Esteve
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Tammela
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Valle-Torres J, Ross TJ, Plewa D, Avellaneda MC, Check J, Chilvers MI, Cruz AP, Dalla Lana F, Groves C, Gongora-Canul C, Henriquez-Dole L, Jamann T, Kleczewski N, Lipps S, Malvick D, McCoy AG, Mueller DS, Paul PA, Puerto C, Schloemer C, Raid RN, Robertson A, Roggenkamp EM, Smith DL, Telenko DEP, Cruz CD. Tar Spot: An Understudied Disease Threatening Corn Production in the Americas. Plant Dis 2020; 104:2541-2550. [PMID: 32762502 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-20-0449-fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Tar spot of corn has been a major foliar disease in several Latin American countries since 1904. In 2015, tar spot was first documented in the United States and has led to significant yield losses of approximately 4.5 million t. Tar spot is caused by an obligate pathogen, Phyllachora maydis, and thus requires a living host to grow and reproduce. Due to its obligate nature, biological and epidemiological studies are limited and impact of disease in corn production has been understudied. Here we present the current literature and gaps in knowledge of tar spot of corn in the Americas, its etiology, distribution, impact and known management strategies as a resource for understanding the pathosystem. This will in tern guide current and future research and aid in the development of effective management strategies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Valle-Torres
- Zamorano University, San Antonio de Oriente, Fco. Morazán, Honduras
| | - T J Ross
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
| | - D Plewa
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A
| | - M C Avellaneda
- Zamorano University, San Antonio de Oriente, Fco. Morazán, Honduras
| | - J Check
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - M I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - A P Cruz
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
| | - F Dalla Lana
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, U.S.A
| | - C Groves
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
| | - C Gongora-Canul
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
| | - L Henriquez-Dole
- Zamorano University, San Antonio de Oriente, Fco. Morazán, Honduras
| | - T Jamann
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A
| | - N Kleczewski
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A
| | - S Lipps
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A
| | - D Malvick
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A
| | - A G McCoy
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - D S Mueller
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - P A Paul
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, U.S.A
| | - C Puerto
- Zamorano University, San Antonio de Oriente, Fco. Morazán, Honduras
| | - C Schloemer
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
| | - R N Raid
- IFAS Everglades Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Belle Glade, FL 33430, U.S.A
| | - A Robertson
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - E M Roggenkamp
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - D L Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
| | - D E P Telenko
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
| | - C D Cruz
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
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Nowak J, Visnovsky SB, Cruz CD, Fletcher GC, van Vliet AHM, Hedderley D, Butler R, Flint S, Palmer J, Pitman AR. Inactivation of the gene encoding the cationic antimicrobial peptide resistance factor MprF increases biofilm formation but reduces invasiveness of Listeria monocytogenes. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:464-477. [PMID: 32687650 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To understand the genetics involved in surface attachment and biofilm formation of Listeria monocytogenes. METHODS AND RESULTS An in vitro screen of a Himar1 transposon library of L. monocytogenes strain 15G01 identified three transposants that produced significantly different biofilm levels when compared to the wild-type strain; two mutants exhibited enhanced biofilm formation and one produced less biofilm biomass than the wild-type. The mutant 15G01 mprF::Himar1, which had a transposon insertion in the mprF gene, was selected for further analysis. The mutant produced a more densely populated biofilm on solid surfaces such as stainless steel and polystyrene, as determined using scanning electron and light microscopy. The 15G01 mprF::Himar1 mutant remained viable in biofilms, but showed an increase in sensitivity to the cationic antimicrobial gallidermin. The mutant also displayed reduced invasiveness in CaCo-2 intestinal cells, suggesting virulence properties are compromised by the inactivation of mprF. CONCLUSIONS Biofilm formation and gallidermin resistance of L. monocytogenes is influenced by mprF, but this trait is associated with a compromise in invasiveness. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the food processing environment can cause a significant problem, especially when these microorganisms are established as biofilms. This study shows that the inactivation of the mprF gene results in enhanced biofilm formation and abiotic surface attachment of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nowak
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand.,Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - S B Visnovsky
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - C D Cruz
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - G C Fletcher
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - A H M van Vliet
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - D Hedderley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - R Butler
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - S Flint
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - J Palmer
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - A R Pitman
- The Foundation for Arable Research, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Fernández-Campos M, Góngora-Canul C, Das S, Kabir MR, Valent B, Cruz CD. Epidemiological Criteria to Support Breeding Tactics Against the Emerging, High-Consequence Wheat Blast Disease. Plant Dis 2020; 104:2252-2261. [PMID: 32584156 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-19-2672-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant disease epidemiology can make a significant contribution for cultivar selection by elucidating the principles of an epidemic under different levels of resistance. For emerging diseases as wheat blast (WB), epidemiological parameters can provide support for better selection of genetic resources. Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Bolivia in 2018-2019 to characterize the temporal dynamics of the disease on 10 cultivars with different levels of reaction to WB. Logistic models best (R2 = 0.70-0.96) fit the disease progress curve in all cultivars followed by Gompertz (R2 = 0.64-0.94), providing additional evidence of a polycyclic disease. Total area under disease progress curve (tAUDPC), final disease severity (Ymax), and logistic apparent infection rates (rL*) were shown to be appropriate epidemiological parameters for describing resistance and cultivar selection. Cultivars that showed a high spike AUDPC (sAUDPC) showed a high leaf AUDPC (lAUDPC). tAUPDC, Ymax, and rL* were positively correlated among them (P < 0.01) and all were negatively correlated with grain weight (P < 0.01). Based on the epidemiological parameters used, cultivars that showed resistance to WB were Urubó, San Pablo, and AN-120, which were previously reported to have effective resistance against the disease under field conditions. The information generated could help breeding programs to make technical decisions about relevant epidemiological parameters to consider prior to cultivar release.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fernández-Campos
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
| | - C Góngora-Canul
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
| | - S Das
- Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Coochbehar, West Bengal 736165, India
| | - M R Kabir
- Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Nishapur, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - B Valent
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
| | - C D Cruz
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
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Sauini T, Stern da Fonseca-Kruel V, Baptistela Yazbek P, Matta P, Cassas F, da Cruz C, Hortal Pereira Barretto E, Alice dos Santos M, Angelica Silva Gomes M, José Francischetti Garcia R, Honda S, Felipe Domingues Passero L, Esteves Conde B, Rodrigues E. Participatory methods on the recording of traditional knowledge about medicinal plants in Atlantic forest, Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232288. [PMID: 32379779 PMCID: PMC7205242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ethnobotanical studies that include participatory methods aim to engage residents in different steps to promote the strengthening and perpetuation of local culture, and empowerment in making decisions about the use of available environmental resources. Thus, the aim of this project was to perform an ethnobotanical survey based on traditional knowledge of medicinal plants with the active participation of residents living in Bairro do Cambury, Ubatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS During meetings held between the researchers and community members, locally used plants were regarded as an important means for preserving local knowledge for future generations. Some residents showed interest in participating as local partners, and training courses for collecting ethnobotanical data were offered. Local partners and researchers from São Paulo Federal University (Universidade Federal de São Paulo) utilized ethnobotanical methods to select and interview the specialists in medicinal plants for 80 days between 2016 and 2018. Data on plant use were recorded, and plants were collected and deposited in two herbaria. Furthermore, participant observation and fieldwork diaries were used by the researchers, aiding the data analysis. RESULTS Three local partners participated in objective definitions, data collection, analysis and publication. Nine local specialists were interviewed by the local partners and indicated the use of 82 plant species in 90 recipes for 55 therapeutic uses. These uses were grouped into 12 categories. In addition, a video and booklet were created. CONCLUSIONS Data obtained during participatory research show that training local communities in the registration of their own knowledge is feasible and necessary since they register knowledge based on local perceptions, as well as valuing knowledge and approaching the current discussion about intellectual property is a global concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamara Sauini
- Center for Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological Studies (CEE), Department of Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Priscila Baptistela Yazbek
- Center for Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological Studies (CEE), Department of Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Matta
- Amerindian Studies Center, Universidade de São Paulo (CEstA-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Cassas
- Center for Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological Studies (CEE), Department of Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Crenilda da Cruz
- Associação dos Remanescentes de Quilombo do Cambury, Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Hortal Pereira Barretto
- Herbário Municipal (PMSP), Secretaria Municipal do Verde do Meio Ambiente da Prefeitura do Município de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo José Francischetti Garcia
- Herbário Municipal (PMSP), Secretaria Municipal do Verde do Meio Ambiente da Prefeitura do Município de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sumiko Honda
- Herbário Municipal (PMSP), Secretaria Municipal do Verde do Meio Ambiente da Prefeitura do Município de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Esteves Conde
- Center for Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological Studies (CEE), Department of Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana Rodrigues
- Center for Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological Studies (CEE), Department of Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Gongora-Canul C, Salgado JD, Singh D, Cruz AP, Cotrozzi L, Couture J, Rivadeneira MG, Cruppe G, Valent B, Todd T, Poland J, Cruz CD. Temporal Dynamics of Wheat Blast Epidemics and Disease Measurements Using Multispectral Imagery. Phytopathology 2020; 110:393-405. [PMID: 31532351 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-19-0297-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Wheat blast is a devastating disease caused by the Triticum pathotype of Magnaporthe oryzae. M. oryzae Triticum is capable of infecting leaves and spikes of wheat. Although symptoms of wheat spike blast (WSB) are quite distinct in the field, symptoms on leaves (WLB) are rarely reported because they are usually inconspicuos. Two field experiments were conducted in Bolivia to characterize the change in WLB and WSB intensity over time and determine whether multispectral imagery can be used to accurately assess WSB. Disease progress curves (DPCs) were plotted from WLB and WSB data, and regression models were fitted to describe the nature of WSB epidemics. WLB incidence and severity changed over time; however, the mean WLB severity was inconspicuous before wheat began spike emergence. Overall, both Gompertz and logistic models helped to describe WSB intensity DPCs fitting classic sigmoidal shape curves. Lin's concordance correlation coefficients were estimated to measure agreement between visual estimates and digital measurements of WSB intensity and to estimate accuracy and precision. Our findings suggest that the change of wheat blast intensity in a susceptible host population over time does not follow a pattern of a monocyclic epidemic. We have also demonstrated that WSB severity can be quantified using a digital approach based on nongreen pixels. Quantification was precise (0.96 < r> 0.83) and accurate (0.92 < ρ > 0.69) at moderately low to high visual WSB severity levels. Additional sensor-based methods must be explored to determine their potential for detection of WLB and WSB at earlier stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gongora-Canul
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
| | - J D Salgado
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, U.S.A
| | - D Singh
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
| | - A P Cruz
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
| | - L Cotrozzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - J Couture
- Departments of Entomology and Forestry and Natural Resources and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, 901 W. State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
| | - M G Rivadeneira
- Centro de Investigación Agrícola Tropical, Estación Experimental Agrícola de Saavedra-EEAS, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - G Cruppe
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
| | - B Valent
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
| | - T Todd
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
| | - J Poland
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
| | - C D Cruz
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
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Rodrigues E, Cassas F, Conde BE, da Cruz C, Barretto EHP, Dos Santos G, Figueira GM, Passero LFD, Dos Santos MA, Gomes MAS, Matta P, Yazbek P, Garcia RJF, Braga S, Aragaki S, Honda S, Sauini T, da Fonseca-Kruel VS, Ticktin T. Participatory ethnobotany and conservation: a methodological case study conducted with quilombola communities in Brazil's Atlantic Forest. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2020; 16:2. [PMID: 31931826 PMCID: PMC6958751 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-019-0352-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although multiple studies advocate the advantages of participatory research approaches for ethnoscience, few provide solid contributions from case studies that involve residents in all of the project phases. We present a case study of a participatory approach whose aim is to register ethnobotanical knowledge on the use of plants in two quilombola communities (maroon communities), an important biodiversity hotspot in the Atlantic Forest, Southeast Brazil. Our aim is to provide tools that will empower decision-making related to sustainable use and management among residents. METHODS In phase I, the objectives and activities were defined in meetings with residents to carry out ethnobotanical surveys between two quilombola communities-the Quilombo da Fazenda (QF) and Quilombo do Cambury (QC). In phase II, we offered community partners training courses on how to collect plants and ethnobotanical data. In coordination with the university team and using ethnobotanical methods, community partners interviewed specialists on plants and their uses. In phase III, using the participatory mapping method, residents indicated plot locations and collected plants to calculate the Conservation Priority Index for native species recorded in phase II. RESULTS In 178 days of fieldwork, two community partners from the QF and three from the QC selected 8 and 11 respondents who reported 175 and 195 plant species, respectively, corresponding to 9 ethnobotanical categories. Based on requests from the local community, booklets and videos with these data were collaboratively produced. A large percentage of species were found to be of great conservation priority-82.1% in the QC and 62.5% in the QF. Virola bicuhyba, Cedrela fissilis, Plinia edulis, and Tabebuia cassinoides are the species most at risk and will be the focus of phase IV, when a participatory management plan will be carried out. Additionally, we present both challenges and opportunities with the hope that others can learn from our successes and failures. CONCLUSIONS Our experience shows that it is possible to train community members who wish to document their knowledge to support the process of ensuring that local knowledge is highly regarded, further ensuring its perpetuation. In this context, the project may be of great interest to development programs in promoting community-based management strategies for useful plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Rodrigues
- Center for Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological Studies (CEE) - Department of Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Professor Artur Riedel, 275, Jardim Eldorado, Diadema, SP, 09972-270, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Cassas
- Center for Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological Studies (CEE) - Department of Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Professor Artur Riedel, 275, Jardim Eldorado, Diadema, SP, 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Bruno Esteves Conde
- Center for Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological Studies (CEE) - Department of Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Professor Artur Riedel, 275, Jardim Eldorado, Diadema, SP, 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Crenilda da Cruz
- Associação dos Remanescentes de Quilombo do Cambury, Ubatuba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ginacil Dos Santos
- Associação da Comunidade dos Remanescentes de Quilombo da Fazenda, Ubatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Glyn Mara Figueira
- Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas [CPQBA] - UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Priscila Matta
- Amerindian Studies Center, Universidade de São Paulo (CEstA-USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Yazbek
- Center for Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological Studies (CEE) - Department of Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Professor Artur Riedel, 275, Jardim Eldorado, Diadema, SP, 09972-270, Brazil
| | | | - Silvestre Braga
- Associação da Comunidade dos Remanescentes de Quilombo da Fazenda, Ubatuba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Sumiko Honda
- Herbário Municipal (PMSP) - Secretaria Municipal do Verde e do Meio Ambiente, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thamara Sauini
- Center for Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological Studies (CEE) - Department of Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Professor Artur Riedel, 275, Jardim Eldorado, Diadema, SP, 09972-270, Brazil
| | | | - Tamara Ticktin
- Department of Botany, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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Mamedes-Rodrigues TC, Batista DS, Vieira NM, Matos EM, Fernandes D, Nunes-Nesi A, Cruz CD, Viccini LF, Nogueira FTS, Otoni WC. Regenerative potential, metabolic profile, and genetic stability of Brachypodium distachyon embryogenic calli as affected by successive subcultures. Protoplasma 2018; 255:655-667. [PMID: 29080994 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Brachypodium distachyon, a model species for forage grasses and cereal crops, has been used in studies seeking improved biomass production and increased crop yield for biofuel production purposes. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is the morphogenetic pathway that supports in vitro regeneration of such species. However, there are gaps in terms of studies on the metabolic profile and genetic stability along successive subcultures. The physiological variables and the metabolic profile of embryogenic callus (EC) and embryogenic structures (ES) from successive subcultures (30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, and 360-day-old subcultures) were analyzed. Canonical discriminant analysis separated EC into three groups: 60, 90, and 120 to 240 days. EC with 60 and 90 days showed the highest regenerative potential. EC grown for 90 days and submitted to SE induction in 2 mg L-1 of kinetin-supplemented medium was the highest ES producer. The metabolite profiles of non-embryogenic callus (NEC), EC, and ES submitted to principal component analysis (PCA) separated into two groups: 30 to 240- and 360-day-old calli. The most abundant metabolites for these groups were malonic acid, tryptophan, asparagine, and erythrose. PCA of ES also separated ages into groups and ranked 60- and 90-day-old calli as the best for use due to their high levels of various metabolites. The key metabolites that distinguished the ES groups were galactinol, oxaloacetate, tryptophan, and valine. In addition, significant secondary metabolites (e.g., caffeoylquinic, cinnamic, and ferulic acids) were important in the EC phase. Ferulic, cinnamic, and phenylacetic acids marked the decreases in the regenerative capacity of ES in B. distachyon. Decreased accumulations of the amino acids aspartic acid, asparagine, tryptophan, and glycine characterized NEC, suggesting that these metabolites are indispensable for the embryogenic competence in B. distachyon. The genetic stability of the regenerated plants was evaluated by flow cytometry, showing that ploidy instability in regenerated plants from B. distachyon calli is not correlated with callus age. Taken together, our data indicated that the loss of regenerative capacity in B. distachyon EC occurs after 120 days of subcultures, demonstrating that the use of EC can be extended to 90 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Mamedes-Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos/BIOAGRO, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - D S Batista
- Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos/BIOAGRO, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - N M Vieira
- Departamento de Microbiologia/Núcleo de Análises de Biomoléculas-NUBIOMOL, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - E M Matos
- Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos/BIOAGRO, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - D Fernandes
- Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos/BIOAGRO, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - A Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - C D Cruz
- Laboratório de Bioinformática/BIOAGRO, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, MG, 35670-900, Brazil
| | - L F Viccini
- Laboratório de Genética e Biotecnologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n, Martelos, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-330, Brazil
| | - F T S Nogueira
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular do Desenvolvimento Vegetal (LGMDV), Universidade de São Paulo / ESALQ, Av. Pádua Dias, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - W C Otoni
- Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos/BIOAGRO, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
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12
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Barroso LMA, Nascimento M, Nascimento ACC, Silva FF, Serão NVL, Cruz CD, Resende MDV, Silva FL, Azevedo CF, Lopes PS, Guimarães SEF. Regularized quantile regression for SNP marker estimation of pig growth curves. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2017; 8:59. [PMID: 28702191 PMCID: PMC5504997 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-017-0187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genomic growth curves are generally defined only in terms of population mean; an alternative approach that has not yet been exploited in genomic analyses of growth curves is the Quantile Regression (QR). This methodology allows for the estimation of marker effects at different levels of the variable of interest. We aimed to propose and evaluate a regularized quantile regression for SNP marker effect estimation of pig growth curves, as well as to identify the chromosome regions of the most relevant markers and to estimate the genetic individual weight trajectory over time (genomic growth curve) under different quantiles (levels). Results The regularized quantile regression (RQR) enabled the discovery, at different levels of interest (quantiles), of the most relevant markers allowing for the identification of QTL regions. We found the same relevant markers simultaneously affecting different growth curve parameters (mature weight and maturity rate): two (ALGA0096701 and ALGA0029483) for RQR(0.2), one (ALGA0096701) for RQR(0.5), and one (ALGA0003761) for RQR(0.8). Three average genomic growth curves were obtained and the behavior was explained by the curve in quantile 0.2, which differed from the others. Conclusions RQR allowed for the construction of genomic growth curves, which is the key to identifying and selecting the most desirable animals for breeding purposes. Furthermore, the proposed model enabled us to find, at different levels of interest (quantiles), the most relevant markers for each trait (growth curve parameter estimates) and their respective chromosomal positions (identification of new QTL regions for growth curves in pigs). These markers can be exploited under the context of marker assisted selection while aiming to change the shape of pig growth curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M A Barroso
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. P H Rolfs, s/n, University Campus, Viçosa, MG 36570-000 Brazil
| | - M Nascimento
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. P H Rolfs, s/n, University Campus, Viçosa, MG 36570-000 Brazil
| | - A C C Nascimento
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. P H Rolfs, s/n, University Campus, Viçosa, MG 36570-000 Brazil
| | - F F Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. P H Rolfs, s/n, University Campus, Viçosa, MG 36570-000 Brazil
| | - N V L Serão
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Kildee Hall 50011 Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - C D Cruz
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. P H Rolfs, s/n, University Campus, Viçosa, MG 36570-000 Brazil
| | - M D V Resende
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. P H Rolfs, s/n, University Campus, Viçosa, MG 36570-000 Brazil.,Embrapa Forestry, Estrada da Ribeira, km 111, Colombo, PR Brazil
| | - F L Silva
- Department of Plant Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. P H Rolfs, s/n, University Campus, Viçosa, MG 36570-000 Brazil
| | - C F Azevedo
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. P H Rolfs, s/n, University Campus, Viçosa, MG 36570-000 Brazil
| | - P S Lopes
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. P H Rolfs, s/n, University Campus, Viçosa, MG 36570-000 Brazil
| | - S E F Guimarães
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. P H Rolfs, s/n, University Campus, Viçosa, MG 36570-000 Brazil
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Carneiro VQ, Silva GN, Cruz CD, Carneiro PCS, Nascimento M, Carneiro JES. Artificial neural networks as auxiliary tools for the improvement of bean plant architecture. Genet Mol Res 2017; 16:gmr-16-02-gmr.16029500. [PMID: 28671250 DOI: 10.4238/gmr16029500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Classification using a scale of visual notes is a strategy used to select erect bean plants in order to improve bean plant architectures. Use of morphological traits associated with the phenotypic expression of bean architecture in classification procedures may enhance selection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of artificial neural networks (ANNs) as auxiliary tools in the improvement of bean plant architecture. Data from 19 lines were evaluated for 22 traits, in 2007 and 2009 winter crops. Hypocotyl diameter and plant height were selected for analysis through ANNs. For classification purposes, these lines were separated into two groups, determined by the plant architecture notes. The predictive ability of ANNs was evaluated according to two scenarios to predict the plant architecture - training with 2007 data and validating in 2009 data (scenario 1), and vice versa (scenario 2). For this, ANNs were trained and validated using data from replicates of the evaluated lines for hypocotyl diameter individually, or together with the mean height of plants in the plot. In each scenario, the use of data from replicates or line means was evaluated for prediction through previously trained and validated ANNs. In both scenarios, ANNs based on hypocotyl diameter and mean height of plants were superior, since the error rates obtained were lower than those obtained using hypocotyl diameter only. Lower apparent error rates were verified in both scenarios for prediction when data on the means of the evaluated traits were submitted to better trained and validated ANNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Q Carneiro
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
- Laboratório de Bioinformática (BIOAGRO), Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - G N Silva
- Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
- Laboratório de Bioinformática (BIOAGRO), Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - C D Cruz
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
- Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
- Laboratório de Bioinformática (BIOAGRO), Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - P C S Carneiro
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
- Programa Feijão, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - M Nascimento
- Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
- Laboratório de Bioinformática (BIOAGRO), Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - J E S Carneiro
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
- Programa Feijão, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
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Widsten P, Mesic BB, Cruz CD, Fletcher GC, Chycka MA. Inhibition of foodborne bacteria by antibacterial coatings printed onto food packaging films. J Food Sci Technol 2017; 54:2379-2386. [PMID: 28740295 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Films containing antibacterial compounds could be used for packaging perishable foods such as fresh fish and meat for sea freighting over long distances. However, existing commercialised options (films with nanosilver zeolites or wasabi extract) are only permitted for food contact in certain regions and films containing alternative antibacterial ingredients are required e.g. for exports to Europe. Certain non-volatile phenolic plant extracts have shown promising antibacterial activity against a wide range of foodborne bacteria in in vitro assays and when integrated in coatings for perishable foods such as fish and meat. Extracts rich in gallotannins tend to show stronger antibacterial effects than other phenols such as flavonoids. Such extracts could be coated onto commercial barrier films by means of flexographic printing-a more industrially feasible option than rod coating or solvent casting typically used in antibacterial coating research. The goal of the present work was to investigate the antibacterial effect of printed latex coatings containing extracts rich in gallotannins and other types of phenolic compounds against 16 common spoilage and pathogenic bacteria of fish and meat. The largest zones of inhibition in disk diffusion assays were obtained with plastic films with coatings containing tannic acid alone, followed by tannic acid with phenolic-rich extracts of feijoa skin or mango seed. Significant inhibition was seen for all bacteria. This study shows that coatings with gallotannins as the main active ingredient can be printed onto commercial barrier films to control the bacteria that limit the shelf-life of fresh fish and meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Widsten
- Scion, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, 3046 New Zealand
| | - B B Mesic
- Scion, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, 3046 New Zealand
| | - C D Cruz
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - G C Fletcher
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - M A Chycka
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
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15
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Santos IG, Teodoro PE, Farias FC, Farias FJC, Carvalho LP, Rodrigues JIS, Cruz CD. Genetic diversity among cotton cultivars in two environments in the State of Mato Grosso. Genet Mol Res 2017; 16:gmr-16-02-gmr.16029628. [PMID: 28407194 DOI: 10.4238/gmr16029628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Using commercial cultivars to compose crossing blocks in cotton is a promising strategy, because these materials have desirable agronomic and technological characteristics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity among 16 cotton cultivars cultivated in two environments in the State of Mato Grosso, the largest national producer, using agronomical and technological traits. There was significant effect to cultivars for all traits, while genotype x environment interaction was significant only for average boll weight, short fiber index, and maturity of fibers. Therefore, because of the presence of genotype x environment interaction for three traits, we chose to study genetic diversity among cotton cultivars separately in each environment and investigate the interaction impact on the diversity among genotype pairs. Based on agronomical and technological performance and genetic diversity among cultivars in both environments, the most promising cross involves FM 910 and LD CV 02. We also observed that lint percentage and average boll weight presented a higher discrimination capacity in both environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- I G Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - P E Teodoro
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil .,Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Chapadão do Sul, MS, Brasil
| | | | - F J C Farias
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Algodão, Embrapa Algodão, , Brasil
| | - L P Carvalho
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Algodão, Embrapa Algodão, , Brasil
| | - J I S Rodrigues
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Algodão, Embrapa Algodão, , Brasil
| | - C D Cruz
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
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de Azeredo AAC, Bhering LL, Brasileiro BP, Cruz CD, Silveira LCI, Oliveira RA, Bespalhok Filho JC, Daros E. Comparison between different selection indices in energy cane breeding. Genet Mol Res 2017; 16:gmr-16-01-gmr.16019535. [PMID: 28301673 DOI: 10.4238/gmr16019535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Sugarcane breeding programs have been adapting to a new market demand: aside from high sucrose yield per hectare, the sector needs new cultivars with higher fiber percentages. The selection of sugarcane clones based on phenotype alone is a complex task. The selected clones should display high performance in a series of yield- and quality-related traits. Selection indices can provide information about which clones can best combine the traits of agronomic interest. In this study, different selection indices were evaluated in a population of 220 clones. The following traits were evaluated: weight of 10 stalks with straw, weight of 10 stalks with no straw, tons of cane per hectare with straw, tons of cane per hectare with no straw, sucrose content, fiber percentage, and tons of fiber per hectare. The selection indices of Smith (1936) and Hazel (1943) and Mulamba and Mock (1978), the base index (Williams, 1962), and the index of Pesek and Baker (1969) were used. The selection index of Mulamba and Mock (1978) without economic weight estimates, the index of Mulamba and Mock with economic weights based on heritability, and the index of Pesek and Baker (1969) with the desired gains based on genetic standard deviations were efficient for the selection of energy cane clones with good fiber yield, sucrose content, and tons of cane per hectare.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A C de Azeredo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - L L Bhering
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - B P Brasileiro
- Departamento de Fitotecnia e Fitossanitarismo, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - C D Cruz
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - L C I Silveira
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - R A Oliveira
- Departamento de Fitotecnia e Fitossanitarismo, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - J C Bespalhok Filho
- Departamento de Fitotecnia e Fitossanitarismo, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - E Daros
- Departamento de Fitotecnia e Fitossanitarismo, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
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Peixoto LA, Bhering LL, Cruz CD. Determination of the optimal number of markers and individuals in a training population necessary for maximum prediction accuracy in F 2 populations by using genomic selection models. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr-15-04-gmr.15048874. [PMID: 27886337 DOI: 10.4238/gmr15048874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Genomic selection is a useful technique to assist breeders in selecting the best genotypes accurately. Phenotypic selection in the F2 generation presents with low accuracy as each genotype is represented by one individual; thus, genomic selection can increase selection accuracy at this stage of the breeding program. This study aimed to establish the optimal number of individuals required to compose the training population and to establish the amount of markers necessary to obtain the maximum accuracy by genomic selection methods in F2 populations. F2 populations with 1000 individuals were simulated, and six traits were simulated with different heritability values (5, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 99%). Ridge regression best linear unbiased prediction was used in all analyses. Genomic selection models were set by varying the number of individuals in the training population (2 to 1000 individuals) and markers (2 to 3060 markers). Phenotypic accuracy, genotypic accuracy, genetic variance, residual variance, and heritability were evaluated. Greater the number of individuals in the training population, higher was the accuracy; the values of genotypic and residual variances and heritability were close to the optimum value. Higher the heritability of the trait, higher is the number of markers necessary to obtain maximum accuracy, ranging from 200 for the trait with 5% heritability to 900 for the trait with 99% heritability. Therefore, genomic selection models for prediction in F2 populations must consist of 200 to 900 markers of major effect on the trait and more than 600 individuals in the training population.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Peixoto
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - L L Bhering
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - C D Cruz
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
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18
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Moura LM, Carneiro PCS, Vale NM, Barili LD, Silva LC, Carneiro JES, Cruz CD. Diallel analysis to choose parents for black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) breeding. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr8574. [PMID: 27706653 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15038574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In this study, conducted in two different seasons, we aimed to choose parents to obtain promising segregating populations for the extraction of black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) lines that are superior in terms of disease resistance, plant architecture, and grain yield. Twelve parents were arranged in two groups to compose a partial diallel in a 5 x 7 scheme. Group 1 was composed of parents with black grains and erect plant architecture, while group 2 was composed of parents that had carioca grains and were resistant to the main fungal diseases that occur in the common bean. The following traits were evaluated: severity of angular leaf spot (ALS), plant architecture (PAG), and grain yield (YIELD). The data were analyzed according to a partial diallel model using parents and F1 hybrids. In the genetic control of ALS and PAG, additive effects were predominant, while for YIELD, additive effects were predominant in one season and dominance effects were in another season, because it is a more complex trait than ALS and PAG. For YIELD, we observed an interaction between general combining ability and specific combining ability between seasons. The genes that control ALS, PAG, and YIELD were in eight of the 12 parents evaluated in the diallel. The cultivar 'BRS Estilo' is suitable to use as a parent in common bean breeding in terms of ALS, PAG and YIELD. Recurrent selection is the most recommended option for simultaneously breeding for PAG, YIELD, and resistance to angular leaf spot in bean culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Moura
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brasil
| | - P C S Carneiro
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brasil
| | - N M Vale
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - L D Barili
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - L C Silva
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - J E S Carneiro
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - C D Cruz
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brasil
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19
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Silva GN, Tomaz RS, Sant'Anna IC, Carneiro VQ, Cruz CD, Nascimento M. Evaluation of the efficiency of artificial neural networks for genetic value prediction. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr7676. [PMID: 27051007 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15017676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Artificial neural networks have shown great potential when applied to breeding programs. In this study, we propose the use of artificial neural networks as a viable alternative to conventional prediction methods. We conduct a thorough evaluation of the efficiency of these networks with respect to the prediction of breeding values. Therefore, we considered eight simulated scenarios, and for the purpose of genetic value prediction, seven statistical parameters in addition to the phenotypic mean in a network designed as a multilayer perceptron. After an evaluation of different network configurations, the results demonstrated the superiority of neural networks compared to estimation procedures based on linear models, and indicated high predictive accuracy and network efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Silva
- Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil.,Laboratório de Bioinformática, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - R S Tomaz
- Departamento de Engenharia Agronômica, ]Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Dracena, SP, Brasil
| | - I C Sant'Anna
- Departamento de Biologia Geral Universidade Federal de Viçosa Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil.,Laboratório de Bioinformática, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - V Q Carneiro
- Departamento de Biologia Geral Universidade Federal de Viçosa Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil.,Laboratório de Bioinformática, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - C D Cruz
- Departamento de Biologia Geral Universidade Federal de Viçosa Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil.,Laboratório de Bioinformática, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - M Nascimento
- Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil.,Laboratório de Bioinformática, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
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20
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Abstract
When evaluating plants, in particular perennial species, it is common to obtain repeated measures of a given trait from the same individual to evaluate the traits' repeatability in successive harvests. The degree of correlation among these measures defines the coefficient of repeatability, which has been widely utilized in the study of forage traits of interest for breeding. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the repeatability of agronomic traits in Panicum maximum hybrids. Hybrids from three progenies totaling 320 hybrids were evaluated in an incomplete-block design, with consideration of production and morpho-agronomic traits. Of the production traits, total dry matter and leaf dry matter showed the highest repeatability and varied from 0.540 to 0.769, whereas stem dry matter had lower coefficients (0.265-0.632). Among the morpho-agronomic traits, plant height and incidence of Bipolaris maydis had higher coefficients (0.118-0.460). The repeatability values of the agronomic traits were low-to-moderate, and six evaluations were sufficient to provide accuracy in the selection of hybrids regarding total dry matter, leaf dry matter, plant height, and incidence of B. maydis, whereas the other traits require more repeated measures to increase reliability in the prediction of their response.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G S Braz
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - D M Fonseca
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - L Jank
- Embrapa Beef Catle, Cytogenetics Laboratory, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - C D Cruz
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - J A Martuscello
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, MG, Brasil
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21
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Oliveira AMC, Batista RO, Carneiro PCS, Carneiro JES, Cruz CD. Potential of hypocotyl diameter in family selection aiming at plant architecture improvement of common bean. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:11515-23. [PMID: 26436392 DOI: 10.4238/2015.september.28.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cultivars of common bean with more erect plant architecture and greater tolerance to degree of lodging are required by producers. Thus, to evaluate the potential of hypocotyl diameter (HD) in family selection for plant architecture improvement of common bean, the HDs of 32 F2 plants were measured in 3 distinct populations, and the characteristics related to plant architecture were analyzed in their progenies. Ninety-six F2:3 families and 4 controls were evaluated in a randomized block design, with 3 replications, analyzing plant architecture grade, HD, and grain yield during the winter 2010 and drought 2011 seasons. We found that the correlation between the HD of F2 plants and traits related to plant architecture of F2:3 progenies were of low magnitude compared to the estimates for correlations considering the parents, indicating a high environmental influence on HD in bean plants. There was a predominance of additive genetic effects on the determination of hypocotyl diameter, which showed higher precision and accuracy compared to plant architecture grade. Thus, this characteristic can be used to select progenies in plant architecture improvement of common beans; however, selection must be based on the means of at least 39 plants in the plot, according to the results of repeatability analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M C Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - R O Batista
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - P C S Carneiro
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - J E S Carneiro
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - C D Cruz
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
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22
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Bhering LL, Junqueira VS, Peixoto LA, Cruz CD, Laviola BG. Comparison of methods used to identify superior individuals in genomic selection in plant breeding. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:10888-96. [PMID: 26400316 DOI: 10.4238/2015.september.9.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate different methods used in genomic selection, and to verify those that select a higher proportion of individuals with superior genotypes. Thus, F2 populations of different sizes were simulated (100, 200, 500, and 1000 individuals) with 10 replications each. These consisted of 10 linkage groups (LG) of 100 cM each, containing 100 equally spaced markers per linkage group, of which 200 controlled the characteristics, defined as the 20 initials of each LG. Genetic and phenotypic values were simulated assuming binomial distribution of effects for each LG, and the absence of dominance. For phenotypic values, heritabilities of 20, 50, and 80% were considered. To compare methodologies, the analysis processing time, coefficient of coincidence (selection of 5, 10, and 20% of superior individuals), and Spearman correlation between true genetic values, and the genomic values predicted by each methodology were determined. Considering the processing time, the three methodologies were statistically different, rrBLUP was the fastest, and Bayesian LASSO was the slowest. Spearman correlation revealed that the rrBLUP and GBLUP methodologies were equivalent, and Bayesian LASSO provided the lowest correlation values. Similar results were obtained in coincidence variables among the individuals selected, in which Bayesian LASSO differed statistically and presented a lower value than the other methodologies. Therefore, for the scenarios evaluated, rrBLUP is the best methodology for the selection of genetically superior individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Bhering
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - V S Junqueira
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - L A Peixoto
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - C D Cruz
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - B G Laviola
- Embrapa Agroenergia, Parque Estação Biológica, Brasília, DF, Brasil
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23
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Sant'Anna IC, Tomaz RS, Silva GN, Nascimento M, Bhering LL, Cruz CD. Superiority of artificial neural networks for a genetic classification procedure. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:9898-906. [PMID: 26345924 DOI: 10.4238/2015.august.19.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The correct classification of individuals is extremely important for the preservation of genetic variability and for maximization of yield in breeding programs using phenotypic traits and genetic markers. The Fisher and Anderson discriminant functions are commonly used multivariate statistical techniques for these situations, which allow for the allocation of an initially unknown individual to predefined groups. However, for higher levels of similarity, such as those found in backcrossed populations, these methods have proven to be inefficient. Recently, much research has been devoted to developing a new paradigm of computing known as artificial neural networks (ANNs), which can be used to solve many statistical problems, including classification problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of ANNs as an evaluation technique of genetic diversity by comparing their performance with that of traditional methods. The discriminant functions were equally ineffective in discriminating the populations, with error rates of 23-82%, thereby preventing the correct discrimination of individuals between populations. The ANN was effective in classifying populations with low and high differentiation, such as those derived from a genetic design established from backcrosses, even in cases of low differentiation of the data sets. The ANN appears to be a promising technique to solve classification problems, since the number of individuals classified incorrectly by the ANN was always lower than that of the discriminant functions. We envisage the potential relevant application of this improved procedure in the genomic classification of markers to distinguish between breeds and accessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Sant'Anna
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - R S Tomaz
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Dracena, SP, Brasil
| | - G N Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Estatística Aplicada e Biometria, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - M Nascimento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Estatística Aplicada e Biometria, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - L L Bhering
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - C D Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
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24
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of artificial neural networks (ANNs) for predicting genetic value in experiments carried out in randomized blocks. Sixteen scenarios were simulated with different values of heritability (10, 20, 30, and 40%), coefficient of variation (5 and 10%), and the number of genotypes per block (150 and 200 for validation, and 5000 for neural network training). One hundred validation populations were used in each scenario. Accuracy of ANNs was evaluated by comparing the correlation of network value with genetic value, and of phenotypic value with genetic value. Neural networks were efficient in predicting genetic value with a 0.64 to 10.3% gain compared to the phenotypic value, regardless the simulated population size, heritability, or coefficient of variation. Thus, the artificial neural network is a promising technique for predicting genetic value in balanced experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Peixoto
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - L L Bhering
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - C D Cruz
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
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25
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Coelho A, Wolf-Johnston AS, Shinde S, Cruz CD, Cruz F, Avelino A, Birder LA. Urinary bladder inflammation induces changes in urothelial nerve growth factor and TRPV1 channels. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:1691-9. [PMID: 25297375 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The urinary bladder urothelium expresses various receptors and in response to chemical and mechanical stimuli releases mediators, thereby modulating bladder sensory pathways. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ion channels and nerve growth factor (NGF) in those cells are implicated in this modulatory effect and play a role in sensitizing pain-related afferent pathways during inflammation. In this study, we investigated the interaction between NGF and TRPV1 channels in urothelial cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Urothelial cells from female Sprague-Dawley rat bladders were cultured to quantify membrane expression of TRPV1 channels and capsaicin-induced ATP release in the presence of NGF alone or with TrKA or PI3K inhibitors. Pain scores from rats with cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced bladder inflammation were assessed after treatment with a TrkA antagonist. Bladders (from control and CYP rats) were collected and analysed for NGF content and TRPV1 channel expression. KEY RESULTS Cultured cells responded to NGF with increased TRPV1 channel expression in the cell membrane and increased release of ATP. Both responses were blocked by either a TrkA antagonist or a PI3K inhibitor. Treatment in vivo with the TrkA antagonist alleviated pain symptoms and reduced CYP-induced NGF overexpression in the mucosa. Furthermore, in urothelial cells from animals with bladder inflammation, expression of TRPV1 channels in the membrane was significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS During bladder inflammation, increased production of NGF in urothelial cells induced increased expression and activity of TRPV1 channels in the cell membrane. This effect was primarily mediated by the PI3K pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Coelho
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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26
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Abstract
Knowledge of genetic control of plant architecture in the common bean can help breeders define the most adequate breeding strategy to optimize gains. We examined genetic control of plant architecture in the common bean by means of partial diallel crosses. Fourteen bean lines were crossed under a partial diallel scheme, in which group 1 was composed of 8 erect plant lines and group 2 of 6 carioca-type grain lines. The F1 plants from the crosses and the 14 parents were evaluated during spring (March sowing) for the characteristics plant architecture score, hypocotyl diameter, mean plant height, and grain yield. The additive effects were found to predominate in the genetic control of plant architecture score and hypocotyl diameter. Thus, selection of more erect plants can be done in early generations. Heritability estimate in a wide sense was greater for hypocotyl diameter (0.81) than for plant architecture score (0.60), showing that the latter is a more complex characteristic than the former. Hypocotyl diameter has the potential to be used in the selection of more erect plants, either by considering selection between and within families, or by combined or phenotypic recurrent selection. The reason for this is that the diameter measurements are taken from individual plants inside the plots.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M P Silva
- Área de Melhoramento Genético, Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, Londrina, PR, Brasil
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27
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Morgado C, Pereira-Terra P, Cruz CD, Tavares I. Minocycline completely reverses mechanical hyperalgesia in diabetic rats through microglia-induced changes in the expression of the potassium chloride co-transporter 2 (KCC2) at the spinal cord. Diabetes Obes Metab 2011; 13:150-9. [PMID: 21199267 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2010.01333.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM neuronal hyperactivity at the spinal cord during mechanical hyperalgesia induced by diabetes may result from a decrease in the local expression of the potassium chloride co-transporter 2 (KCC2), which shifts the action of the neurotransmitter γ-amminobutiric acid (GABA) from inhibitory to excitatory. In this study, we evaluated the effects of spinal microglia inhibition or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) blockade on KCC2 expression, spinal neuronal activity and mechanically induced pain responses of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. METHODS four weeks after induction of diabetes, the STZ-diabetic rats received daily intrathecal injections, for 3 days, of minocycline (microglia inhibitor), TrkB/Fc (BDNF sequester) or saline. Behavioural responses to mechanical nociceptive stimulation of STZ-diabetic rats were evaluated by the Randall-Selitto test. The lumbar spinal cord was immunoreacted against the Fos protein (marker of neuronal activation) or KCC2, which was also quantified by western blotting. BDNF levels at the spinal cord were quantified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS minocycline treatment reversed the mechanical hyperalgesia, increased Fos expression and decreased the KCC2 expression detected in STZ-diabetic rats to control levels. Treatment with TrkB/Fc was less effective, inducing moderate effects in mechanical hyperalgesia and Fos expression and only a partial correction of KCC2 expression. BDNF levels were not increased in STZ-diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS this study demonstrates that the microglial activation at the spinal cord contributes to mechanical hyperalgesia and spinal neuronal hyperactivity induced by diabetes, apparently by regulating the KCC2 expression. These effects do not seem to be mediated by BDNF, which is an important difference from other chronic pain conditions. New targets directed to prevent spinal microglia activation should be considered for the treatment of mechanical hyperalgesia induced by diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Morgado
- Faculty of Medicine of Porto and IBMC, Institute of Histology and Embryology, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
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Pinto R, Frias B, Allen S, Dawbarn D, McMahon SB, Cruz F, Cruz CD. Sequestration of brain derived nerve factor by intravenous delivery of TrkB-Ig2 reduces bladder overactivity and noxious input in animals with chronic cystitis. Neuroscience 2010; 166:907-16. [PMID: 20079809 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Revised: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Brain derived nerve factor (BDNF) is a trophic factor belonging to the neurotrophin family. It is upregulated in various inflammatory conditions, where it may contribute to altered pain states. In cystitis, little is known about the relevance of BDNF in bladder-generated noxious input and bladder overactivity, a matter we investigated in the present study. Female rats were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with cyclophosphamide (CYP; 200 mg/kg). They received saline or TrkB-Ig(2) via intravenously (i.v.) or intravesical administration. Three days after CYP-injection, animals were anaesthetized and cystometries performed. All animals were perfusion-fixed and the spinal cord segments L6 collected, post-fixed and processed for c-Fos and phosphoERK immunoreactivity. BDNF expression in the bladder, as well as bladder histology, was also assessed. Intravesical TrkB-Ig(2) did not change bladder reflex activity of CYP-injected rats. In CYP-animals treated with i.v. TrkB-Ig(2) a decrease in the frequency of bladder reflex contractions, in comparison with saline-treated animals, was observed. In spinal sections from the latter group of animals, the number of phosphoERK and c-Fos immunoreactive neurons was lower than in sections from saline-treated CYP-animals. BDNF immunoreactivity was higher during cystitis but was not changed by TrkB-Ig(2) i.v. treatment. Evaluation of the bladder histology showed similar inflammatory signs in the bladders of inflamed animals, irrespective of the treatment. Data show that i.v. but not intravesical administration of TrkB-Ig(2) reduced bladder hyperactivity in animals with cystitis to levels comparable to those observed in unirritated rats. Since i.v. TrkB-Ig(2) also reduced spinal extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, it is possible that BDNF contribution to inflammation-induced bladder hyperactivity is via spinal activation of the ERK pathway. Finally, the reduction in c-Fos expression indicates that TrkB-Ig(2) also reduced bladder-generated noxious input. Our results show that sequestration of BDNF may be considered a new therapeutic strategy to treat chronic cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pinto
- Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Porto, Portugal; Department of Urology, Hospital de S João, Porto, Portugal
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29
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Martins FA, Carneiro PCS, Guimarães CT, Magalhães JV, Carneiro JES, Cruz CD. Distinction between plant samples according to allele dosage by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction. Genet Mol Res 2009; 8:319-27. [PMID: 19291881 DOI: 10.4238/vol8-1gmr585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The lack of informativity of samples from heterozygotic individuals is one of the hindrances in the mapping of quantitative trait loci of outbred populations, since it is not normally possible to identify the origin of each allele. One way to include these individuals in analyses would be to genotype their endosperm, considering that a heterozygote (Aa) has AAa or Aaa endosperm, when the female genitor donates the A or a allele, respectively. We used semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction to determine allele dosages in DNA mixtures, by simulating the observed conditions for endospermic tissue. Semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction on agarose gels, along with regression analysis, allowed differentiation of the samples according to the amount of DNA. This type of information will help decrease the number of non-informative individuals in quantitative trait locus mapping of outbred populations, thereby increasing mapping accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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30
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Cruz CD, Silvestre FA, Kinoshita EM, Landgraf M, Franco BDGM, Destro MT. Epidemiological Survey of Listeria monocytogenes in a gravlax salmon processing line. Braz J Microbiol 2008; 39:375-83. [PMID: 24031233 PMCID: PMC3768386 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220080002000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Revised: 02/13/2008] [Accepted: 02/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a cause of concern to food industries, mainly for those producing ready-to-eat (RTE) products. This microorganism can survive processing steps such as curing and cold smoking and is capable of growing under refrigeration temperatures. Its presence in RTE fish products with extended shelf life may be a risk to the susceptible population. One example of such a product is gravlax salmon; a refrigerated fish product not exposed to listericidal processes and was the subject of this study. In order to evaluate the incidence and dissemination of L. monocytogenes 415 samples were collected at different steps of a gravlax salmon processing line in São Paulo state, Brazil. L. monocytogenes was confirmed in salmon samples (41%), food contact surfaces (32%), non-food contact surfaces (43%) and of food handlers' samples (34%), but could not be detected in any ingredient. 179 L. monocytogenes isolates randomly selected were serogrouped and typed by PFGE. Most of L. monocytogenes strains belonged to serogroup 1 (73%). 61 combined pulsotypes were found and a dendrogram identified six clusters: most of the strains (120) belonged to cluster A. It was suggested that strains arriving into the plant via raw material could establish themselves in the processing environment contaminating the final product. The wide dissemination of L. monocytogenes in this plant indicates that a great effort has to be taken to eliminate the microorganism from these premises, even though it was not observed multiplication of the microorganism in the final product stored at 4°C up to 90 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Cruz
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, SP , Brasil
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