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Chen KT, Tesfay R, Koran MEI, Ouyang J, Shams S, Young CB, Davidzon G, Liang T, Khalighi M, Mormino E, Zaharchuk G. Generative Adversarial Network-Enhanced Ultra-Low-Dose [ 18F]-PI-2620 τ PET/MRI in Aging and Neurodegenerative Populations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:1012-1019. [PMID: 37591771 PMCID: PMC10494955 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE With the utility of hybrid τ PET/MR imaging in the screening, diagnosis, and follow-up of individuals with neurodegenerative diseases, we investigated whether deep learning techniques can be used in enhancing ultra-low-dose [18F]-PI-2620 τ PET/MR images to produce diagnostic-quality images. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-four healthy aging participants and patients with neurodegenerative diseases were recruited for this study, and [18F]-PI-2620 τ PET/MR data were simultaneously acquired. A generative adversarial network was trained to enhance ultra-low-dose τ images, which were reconstructed from a random sampling of 1/20 (approximately 5% of original count level) of the original full-dose data. MR images were also used as additional input channels. Region-based analyses as well as a reader study were conducted to assess the image quality of the enhanced images compared with their full-dose counterparts. RESULTS The enhanced ultra-low-dose τ images showed apparent noise reduction compared with the ultra-low-dose images. The regional standard uptake value ratios showed that while, in general, there is an underestimation for both image types, especially in regions with higher uptake, when focusing on the healthy-but-amyloid-positive population (with relatively lower τ uptake), this bias was reduced in the enhanced ultra-low-dose images. The radiotracer uptake patterns in the enhanced images were read accurately compared with their full-dose counterparts. CONCLUSIONS The clinical readings of deep learning-enhanced ultra-low-dose τ PET images were consistent with those performed with full-dose imaging, suggesting the possibility of reducing the dose and enabling more frequent examinations for dementia monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Chen
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.T.C.), National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology (K.T.C., M.E.I.K., J.O., S.S., G.D., T.L., M.K., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - R Tesfay
- Meharry Medical College (R.T.), Nashville, Tennessee
| | - M E I Koran
- Department of Radiology (K.T.C., M.E.I.K., J.O., S.S., G.D., T.L., M.K., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - J Ouyang
- Department of Radiology (K.T.C., M.E.I.K., J.O., S.S., G.D., T.L., M.K., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - S Shams
- Department of Radiology (K.T.C., M.E.I.K., J.O., S.S., G.D., T.L., M.K., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - C B Young
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.B.Y., E.M.), Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - G Davidzon
- Department of Radiology (K.T.C., M.E.I.K., J.O., S.S., G.D., T.L., M.K., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - T Liang
- Department of Radiology (K.T.C., M.E.I.K., J.O., S.S., G.D., T.L., M.K., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - M Khalighi
- Department of Radiology (K.T.C., M.E.I.K., J.O., S.S., G.D., T.L., M.K., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - E Mormino
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.B.Y., E.M.), Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - G Zaharchuk
- Department of Radiology (K.T.C., M.E.I.K., J.O., S.S., G.D., T.L., M.K., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, California
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2
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Bhuiyan MIH, Young CB, Jahan I, Hasan MN, Fischer S, Meor Azlan NF, Liu M, Chattopadhyay A, Huang H, Kahle KT, Zhang J, Poloyac SM, Molyneaux BJ, Straub AC, Deng X, Gomez D, Sun D. NF-κB Signaling-Mediated Activation of WNK-SPAK-NKCC1 Cascade in Worsened Stroke Outcomes of Ang II-Hypertensive Mice. Stroke 2022; 53:1720-1734. [PMID: 35272484 PMCID: PMC9038703 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.038351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worsened stroke outcomes with hypertension comorbidity are insensitive to blood pressure-lowering therapies. In an experimental stroke model with comorbid hypertension, we investigated causal roles of ang II (angiotensin II)-mediated stimulation of the brain WNK (with no lysine [K] kinases)-SPAK (STE20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase)-NKCC1 (Na-K-Cl cotransporter) complex in worsened outcomes. METHODS Saline- or ang II-infused C57BL/6J male mice underwent stroke induced by permanent occlusion of the distal branches of the middle cerebral artery. Mice were randomly assigned to receive either vehicle dimethyl sulfoxide/PBS (2 mL/kg body weight/day, IP), a novel SPAK inhibitor, 5-chloro-N-(5-chloro-4-((4-chlorophenyl)(cyano)methyl)-2-methylphenyl)-2-hydroxybenzamide (ZT-1a' 5 mg/kg per day, IP) or a NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) inhibitor TAT-NBD (transactivator of transcription-NEMO-binding domain' 20 mg/kg per day, IP). Activation of brain NF-κB and WNK-SPAK-NKCC1 cascade as well as ischemic stroke outcomes were examined. RESULTS Stroke triggered a 2- to 5-fold increase of WNK (isoforms 1, 2, 4), SPAK/OSR1 (oxidative stress-responsive kinase 1), and NKCC1 protein in the ang II-infused hypertensive mouse brains at 24 hours after stroke, which was associated with increased nuclear translocation of phospho-NF-κB protein in the cortical neurons (a Pearson correlation r of 0.77, P<0.005). The upregulation of WNK-SPAK-NKCC1 cascade proteins resulted from increased NF-κB recruitment on Wnk1, Wnk2, Wnk4, Spak, and Nkcc1 gene promoters and was attenuated by NF-κB inhibitor TAT-NBD. Poststroke administration of SPAK inhibitor ZT-1a significantly reduced WNK-SPAK-NKCC1 complex activation, brain lesion size, and neurological function deficits in the ang II-hypertensive mice without affecting blood pressure and cerebral blood flow. CONCLUSIONS The ang II-induced stimulation of NF-κB transcriptional activity upregulates brain WNK-SPAK-NKCC1 cascade and contributes to worsened ischemic stroke outcomes, illustrating the brain WNK-SPAK-NKCC1 complex as a therapeutic target for stroke with comorbid hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Iqbal H Bhuiyan
- Departments of Neurology (M.I.H.B., C.B.Y., I.J., M.N.H., S.F., H.H., B.J.M., D.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.I.H.B., C.B.Y., I.J., M.N.H., S.F., B.J.M., D.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Geriatric Research, Educational, and Clinical Center, PA (M.I.H.B.' D.S.)
| | - Cullen B Young
- Departments of Neurology (M.I.H.B., C.B.Y., I.J., M.N.H., S.F., H.H., B.J.M., D.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.I.H.B., C.B.Y., I.J., M.N.H., S.F., B.J.M., D.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Israt Jahan
- Departments of Neurology (M.I.H.B., C.B.Y., I.J., M.N.H., S.F., H.H., B.J.M., D.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.I.H.B., C.B.Y., I.J., M.N.H., S.F., B.J.M., D.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Md Nabiul Hasan
- Departments of Neurology (M.I.H.B., C.B.Y., I.J., M.N.H., S.F., H.H., B.J.M., D.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.I.H.B., C.B.Y., I.J., M.N.H., S.F., B.J.M., D.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sydney Fischer
- Departments of Neurology (M.I.H.B., C.B.Y., I.J., M.N.H., S.F., H.H., B.J.M., D.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.I.H.B., C.B.Y., I.J., M.N.H., S.F., B.J.M., D.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nur Farah Meor Azlan
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom (N.F.M.A., J.Z.)
| | - Mingjun Liu
- Medicine (M.L., D.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ansuman Chattopadhyay
- Molecular Biology-Information Service, Health Sciences Library System (A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Huachen Huang
- Departments of Neurology (M.I.H.B., C.B.Y., I.J., M.N.H., S.F., H.H., B.J.M., D.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kristopher T Kahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.T.K.)
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom (N.F.M.A., J.Z.)
| | | | - Bradley J Molyneaux
- Departments of Neurology (M.I.H.B., C.B.Y., I.J., M.N.H., S.F., H.H., B.J.M., D.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.I.H.B., C.B.Y., I.J., M.N.H., S.F., B.J.M., D.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Adam C Straub
- Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (A.C.S), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.C.S., D.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Xianming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, China (X.D.)
| | - Delphine Gomez
- Medicine (M.L., D.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.C.S., D.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Dandan Sun
- Departments of Neurology (M.I.H.B., C.B.Y., I.J., M.N.H., S.F., H.H., B.J.M., D.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.I.H.B., C.B.Y., I.J., M.N.H., S.F., B.J.M., D.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Geriatric Research, Educational, and Clinical Center, PA (M.I.H.B.' D.S.)
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3
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Teekakirikul P, Zhu W, Xu X, Young CB, Tan T, Smith AM, Wang C, Peterson KA, Gabriel GC, Ho S, Sheng Y, Moreau de Bellaing A, Sonnenberg DA, Lin JH, Fotiou E, Tenin G, Wang MX, Wu YL, Feinstein T, Devine W, Gou H, Bais AS, Glennon BJ, Zahid M, Wong TC, Ahmad F, Rynkiewicz MJ, Lehman WJ, Keavney B, Alastalo TP, Freckmann ML, Orwig K, Murray S, Ware SM, Zhao H, Feingold B, Lo CW. Genetic resiliency associated with dominant lethal TPM1 mutation causing atrial septal defect with high heritability. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100501. [PMID: 35243414 PMCID: PMC8861813 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of large-scale human genomic data has yielded unexplained mutations known to cause severe disease in healthy individuals. Here, we report the unexpected recovery of a rare dominant lethal mutation in TPM1, a sarcomeric actin-binding protein, in eight individuals with large atrial septal defect (ASD) in a five-generation pedigree. Mice with Tpm1 mutation exhibit early embryonic lethality with disrupted myofibril assembly and no heartbeat. However, patient-induced pluripotent-stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes show normal beating with mild myofilament defect, indicating disease suppression. A variant in TLN2, another myofilament actin-binding protein, is identified as a candidate suppressor. Mouse CRISPR knock-in (KI) of both the TLN2 and TPM1 variants rescues heart beating, with near-term fetuses exhibiting large ASD. Thus, the role of TPM1 in ASD pathogenesis unfolds with suppression of its embryonic lethality by protective TLN2 variant. These findings provide evidence that genetic resiliency can arise with genetic suppression of a deleterious mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polakit Teekakirikul
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics & Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhu
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics & Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Division of Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xinxiu Xu
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cullen B. Young
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tuantuan Tan
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amanda M. Smith
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chengdong Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - George C. Gabriel
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sebastian Ho
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yi Sheng
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anne Moreau de Bellaing
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel A. Sonnenberg
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jiuann-huey Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elisavet Fotiou
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gennadiy Tenin
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael X. Wang
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yijen L. Wu
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Timothy Feinstein
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William Devine
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Abha S. Bais
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Glennon
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maliha Zahid
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Timothy C. Wong
- UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute and Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ferhaan Ahmad
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael J. Rynkiewicz
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William J. Lehman
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard Keavney
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Kyle Orwig
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Stephanie M. Ware
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Branch of CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Brian Feingold
- Heart Institute and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cecilia W. Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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4
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Kong JH, Young CB, Pusapati GV, Espinoza FH, Patel CB, Beckert F, Ho S, Patel BB, Gabriel GC, Aravind L, Bazan JF, Gunn TM, Lo CW, Rohatgi R. Gene-teratogen interactions influence the penetrance of birth defects by altering Hedgehog signaling strength. Development 2021; 148:dev199867. [PMID: 34486668 PMCID: PMC8513608 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Birth defects result from interactions between genetic and environmental factors, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. We find that mutations and teratogens interact in predictable ways to cause birth defects by changing target cell sensitivity to Hedgehog (Hh) ligands. These interactions converge on a membrane protein complex, the MMM complex, that promotes degradation of the Hh transducer Smoothened (SMO). Deficiency of the MMM component MOSMO results in elevated SMO and increased Hh signaling, causing multiple birth defects. In utero exposure to a teratogen that directly inhibits SMO reduces the penetrance and expressivity of birth defects in Mosmo-/- embryos. Additionally, tissues that develop normally in Mosmo-/- embryos are refractory to the teratogen. Thus, changes in the abundance of the protein target of a teratogen can change birth defect outcomes by quantitative shifts in Hh signaling. Consequently, small molecules that re-calibrate signaling strength could be harnessed to rescue structural birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H. Kong
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cullen B. Young
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA
| | - Ganesh V. Pusapati
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - F. Hernán Espinoza
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chandni B. Patel
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Francis Beckert
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sebastian Ho
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA
| | - Bhaven B. Patel
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - George C. Gabriel
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA
| | - L. Aravind
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | | | - Teresa M. Gunn
- McLaughlin Research Institute, Great Falls, MT 59405, USA
| | - Cecilia W. Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA
| | - Rajat Rohatgi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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5
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Liu Q, Bhuiyan MIH, Liu R, Song S, Begum G, Young CB, Foley LM, Chen F, Hitchens TK, Cao G, Chattopadhyay A, He L, Sun D. Attenuating vascular stenosis-induced astrogliosis preserves white matter integrity and cognitive function. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:187. [PMID: 34454529 PMCID: PMC8403348 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02234-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) causes white matter damage and cognitive impairment, in which astrogliosis is the major pathology. However, underlying cellular mechanisms are not well defined. Activation of Na+/H+ exchanger-1 (NHE1) in reactive astrocytes causes astrocytic hypertrophy and swelling. In this study, we examined the role of NHE1 protein in astrogliosis, white matter demyelination, and cognitive function in a murine CCH model with bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS). METHODS Sham, BCAS, or BCAS mice receiving vehicle or a selective NHE1 inhibitor HOE642 were monitored for changes of the regional cerebral blood flow and behavioral performance for 28 days. Ex vivo MRI-DTI was subsequently conducted to detect brain injury and demyelination. Astrogliosis and demyelination were further examined by immunofluorescence staining. Astrocytic transcriptional profiles were analyzed with bulk RNA-sequencing and RT-qPCR. RESULTS Chronic cerebral blood flow reduction and spatial working memory deficits were detected in the BCAS mice, along with significantly reduced mean fractional anisotropy (FA) values in the corpus callosum, external capsule, and hippocampus in MRI DTI analysis. Compared with the sham control mice, the BCAS mice displayed demyelination and axonal damage and increased GFAP+ astrocytes and Iba1+ microglia. Pharmacological inhibition of NHE1 protein with its inhibitor HOE642 prevented the BCAS-induced gliosis, damage of white matter tracts and hippocampus, and significantly improved cognitive performance. Transcriptome and immunostaining analysis further revealed that NHE1 inhibition specifically attenuated pro-inflammatory pathways and NADPH oxidase activation. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that NHE1 protein is involved in astrogliosis with pro-inflammatory transformation induced by CCH, and its blockade has potentials for reducing astrogliosis, demyelination, and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Mohammad Iqbal H Bhuiyan
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Ruijia Liu
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Shanshan Song
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Gulnaz Begum
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Cullen B Young
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Lesley M Foley
- Animal Imaging Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Fenghua Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - T Kevin Hitchens
- Animal Imaging Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Guodong Cao
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15240, USA
| | - Ansuman Chattopadhyay
- Molecular Biology-Information Service, Health Sciences Library System, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA
| | - Li He
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA.
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA.
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15240, USA.
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6
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Teekakirikul P, Zhu W, Gabriel GC, Young CB, Williams K, Martin LJ, Hill JC, Richards T, Billaud M, Phillippi JA, Wang J, Wu Y, Tan T, Devine W, Lin JH, Bais AS, Klonowski J, de Bellaing AM, Saini A, Wang MX, Emerel L, Salamacha N, Wyman SK, Lee C, Li HS, Miron A, Zhang J, Xing J, McNamara DM, Fung E, Kirshbom P, Mahle W, Kochilas LK, He Y, Garg V, White P, McBride KL, Benson DW, Gleason TG, Mital S, Lo CW. Common deletion variants causing protocadherin-α deficiency contribute to the complex genetics of BAV and left-sided congenital heart disease. HGG Adv 2021; 2:100037. [PMID: 34888534 PMCID: PMC8653519 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2021.100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) with ~1%-2% prevalence is the most common congenital heart defect (CHD). It frequently results in valve disease and aorta dilation and is a major cause of adult cardiac surgery. BAV is genetically linked to rare left-heart obstructions (left ventricular outflow tract obstructions [LVOTOs]), including hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and coarctation of the aorta (CoA). Mouse and human studies indicate LVOTO is genetically heterogeneous with a complex genetic etiology. Homozygous mutation in the Pcdha protocadherin gene cluster in mice can cause BAV, and also HLHS and other LVOTO phenotypes when accompanied by a second mutation. Here we show two common deletion copy number variants (delCNVs) within the PCDHA gene cluster are associated with LVOTO. Analysis of 1,218 white individuals with LVOTO versus 463 disease-free local control individuals yielded odds ratios (ORs) at 1.47 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-1.92; p = 4.2 × 10-3) for LVOTO, 1.47 (95% CI, 1.10-1.97; p = 0.01) for BAV, 6.13 (95% CI, 2.75-13.7; p = 9.7 × 10-6) for CoA, and 1.49 (95% CI, 1.07-2.08; p = 0.019) for HLHS. Increased OR was observed for all LVOTO phenotypes in homozygous or compound heterozygous PCDHA delCNV genotype comparison versus wild type. Analysis of an independent white cohort (381 affected individuals, 1,352 control individuals) replicated the PCDHA delCNV association with LVOTO. Generalizability of these findings is suggested by similar observations in Black and Chinese individuals with LVOTO. Analysis of Pcdha mutant mice showed reduced PCDHA expression at regions of cell-cell contact in aortic smooth muscle and cushion mesenchyme, suggesting potential mechanisms for BAV pathogenesis and aortopathy. Together, these findings indicate common variants causing PCDHA deficiency play a significant role in the genetic etiology of common and rare LVOTO-CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polakit Teekakirikul
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Division of Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhu
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Division of Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - George C. Gabriel
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cullen B. Young
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kylia Williams
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lisa J. Martin
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer C. Hill
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Department of Bioengineering, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, and Center for Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tara Richards
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Department of Bioengineering, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, and Center for Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marie Billaud
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Department of Bioengineering, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, and Center for Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julie A. Phillippi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Department of Bioengineering, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, and Center for Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jianbin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yijen Wu
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tuantuan Tan
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William Devine
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jiuann-huey Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Abha S. Bais
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Klonowski
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anne Moreau de Bellaing
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Necker-Sick Children Hospital and University of Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Ankur Saini
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael X. Wang
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Leonid Emerel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Department of Bioengineering, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, and Center for Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nathan Salamacha
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Samuel K. Wyman
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carrie Lee
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Division of Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hung Sing Li
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Division of Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anastasia Miron
- Division of Cardiology, Labatt Family Heart Centre, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jianhua Xing
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dennis M. McNamara
- Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Erik Fung
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Division of Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory for Heart Failure and Circulation Research, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, CARE Programme, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, and Gerald Choa Cardiac Research Centre, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paul Kirshbom
- Sanger Heart & Vascular Institute, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - William Mahle
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lazaros K. Kochilas
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yihua He
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Peter White
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kim L. McBride
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D. Woodrow Benson
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Thomas G. Gleason
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seema Mital
- Division of Cardiology, Labatt Family Heart Centre, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cecilia W. Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Kong JH, Young CB, Pusapati GV, Patel CB, Ho S, Krishnan A, Lin JHI, Devine W, Moreau de Bellaing A, Athni TS, Aravind L, Gunn TM, Lo CW, Rohatgi R. A Membrane-Tethered Ubiquitination Pathway Regulates Hedgehog Signaling and Heart Development. Dev Cell 2020; 55:432-449.e12. [PMID: 32966817 PMCID: PMC7686252 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of congenital heart defects (CHDs), which are among the most common human birth defects, is poorly understood because of its complex genetic architecture. Here, we show that two genes implicated in CHDs, Megf8 and Mgrn1, interact genetically and biochemically to regulate the strength of Hedgehog signaling in target cells. MEGF8, a transmembrane protein, and MGRN1, a RING superfamily E3 ligase, assemble to form a receptor-like ubiquitin ligase complex that catalyzes the ubiquitination and degradation of the Hedgehog pathway transducer Smoothened. Homozygous Megf8 and Mgrn1 mutations increased Smoothened abundance and elevated sensitivity to Hedgehog ligands. While mice heterozygous for loss-of-function Megf8 or Mgrn1 mutations were normal, double heterozygous embryos exhibited an incompletely penetrant syndrome of CHDs with heterotaxy. Thus, genetic interactions can arise from biochemical mechanisms that calibrate morphogen signaling strength, a conclusion broadly relevant for the many human diseases in which oligogenic inheritance is emerging as a mechanism for heritability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Kong
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cullen B Young
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA
| | - Ganesh V Pusapati
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chandni B Patel
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sebastian Ho
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA
| | - Arunkumar Krishnan
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Jiuann-Huey Ivy Lin
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA
| | - William Devine
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA
| | - Anne Moreau de Bellaing
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA; Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Necker-Sick Children Hospital and The University of Paris Descartes, Paris 75015, France
| | - Tejas S Athni
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - L Aravind
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Teresa M Gunn
- McLaughlin Research Institute, Great Falls, MT 59405, USA.
| | - Cecilia W Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA.
| | - Rajat Rohatgi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Gabriel GC, Young CB, Lo CW. Role of cilia in the pathogenesis of congenital heart disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 110:2-10. [PMID: 32418658 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An essential role for cilia in the pathogenesis of congenital heart disease (CHD) has emerged from findings of a large-scale mouse forward genetic screen. High throughput screening with fetal ultrasound imaging followed by whole exome sequencing analysis recovered a preponderance of cilia related genes and cilia transduced cell signaling genes among mutations identified to cause CHD. The perturbation of left-right patterning in CHD pathogenesis is suggested by the association of CHD with heterotaxy, but also by the finding of the co-occurrence of laterality defects with CHD in birth defect registries. Many of the cilia and cilia cell signaling genes recovered were found to be related to Hedgehog signaling. Studies in mice showed cilia transduced hedgehog signaling coordinates left-right patterning with heart looping and differentiation of the heart tube. Cilia transduced Shh signaling also regulates later events in heart development, including outflow tract septation and formation of the atrioventricular septum. More recent work has shown mutations in cilia related genes may also contribute to valve disease that largely manifest in adult life. Overall, these and other findings show cilia play an important role in CHD and also in more common valve diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- George C Gabriel
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, United States
| | - Cullen B Young
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, United States
| | - Cecilia W Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, United States.
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Young CB, Chen T, Nusslock R, Keller J, Schatzberg AF, Menon V. Anhedonia and general distress show dissociable ventromedial prefrontal cortex connectivity in major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e810. [PMID: 27187232 PMCID: PMC5070048 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anhedonia, the reduced ability to experience pleasure in response to otherwise rewarding stimuli, is a core symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD). Although the posterior ventromedial prefrontal cortex (pVMPFC) and its functional connections have been consistently implicated in MDD, their roles in anhedonia remain poorly understood. Furthermore, it is unknown whether anhedonia is primarily associated with intrinsic 'resting-state' pVMPFC functional connectivity or an inability to modulate connectivity in a context-specific manner. To address these gaps, a pVMPFC region of interest was first identified using activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. pVMPFC connectivity was then examined in relation to anhedonia and general distress symptoms of depression, using both resting-state and task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging involving pleasant music, in current MDD and healthy control groups. In MDD, pVMPFC connectivity was negatively correlated with anhedonia but not general distress during music listening in key reward- and emotion-processing regions, including nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra, orbitofrontal cortex and insula, as well as fronto-temporal regions involved in tracking complex sound sequences, including middle temporal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus. No such dissociations were observed in the healthy controls, and resting-state pVMPFC connectivity did not dissociate anhedonia from general distress in either group. Our findings demonstrate that anhedonia in MDD is associated with context-specific deficits in pVMPFC connectivity with the mesolimbic reward system when encountering pleasurable stimuli, rather than a static deficit in intrinsic resting-state connectivity. Critically, identification of functional circuits associated with anhedonia better characterizes MDD heterogeneity and may help track of one of its core symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Young
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - T Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - R Nusslock
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - J Keller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - A F Schatzberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - V Menon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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10
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Yonemoto H, Young CB, Ross JT, Guilbert LL, Fairclough RJ, Olson DM. Changes in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in the fetal amnion and chorion during gestation and at term and preterm labor. Placenta 2005; 27:669-77. [PMID: 16061282 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2005.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2005] [Revised: 05/24/2005] [Accepted: 05/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 proteolytic activity is associated with term birth, preterm birth and premature rupture of membranes. However, most studies show no changes with MMP-2, which binds tightly to cell and matrix proteins. We hypothesized better protein extraction would reveal new MMP patterns. Human amnion and chorion were collected from 25 patients at preterm or term, extracted with 2% SDS (a high concentration), and the MMP protein levels and pro-enzyme activities were determined by Western immunoblotting and zymography. MMP-2 protein and MMP-2 and -9 pro-enzyme activities in the amnion increased significantly (p<0.05) with labor at term, and were higher than at preterm labor (p<0.05), when extracted with high SDS concentration. There were no changes in chorion MMPs under any condition. These associations suggest MMP-2 may be another regulator of membrane rupture and other labor-associated mechanisms at term parturition, and its role(s) should be examined further.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yonemoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Young CB, Long CF. Note on Method of Determining Total and Volatile Suspended Matter in Sewage. Am J Public Hygiene 1908; 18:165-167. [PMID: 19599268 PMCID: PMC2543499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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