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Jones KA, Paterson CA, Ray S, Motherwell DW, Hamilton DJ, Small AD, Martin W, Goodfield NER. Beta-blockers and mechanical dyssynchrony in heart failure assessed by radionuclide ventriculography. J Nucl Cardiol 2023; 30:193-200. [PMID: 36417121 PMCID: PMC9984517 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-022-03142-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radionuclide ventriculography (RNVG) can be used to quantify mechanical dyssynchrony and may be a valuable adjunct in the assessment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The study aims to investigate the effect of beta-blockers on mechanical dyssynchrony using novel RNVG phase parameters. METHODS A retrospective study was carried out in a group of 98 patients with HFrEF. LVEF and dyssynchrony were assessed pre and post beta-blockade. Dyssynchrony was assessed using synchrony, entropy, phase standard deviation, approximate entropy, and sample entropy from planar RNVG phase images. Subgroups split by ischemic etiology were also investigated. RESULTS An improvement in dyssynchrony and LVEF was measured six months post beta-blockade for both ischemic and non-ischemic groups. CONCLUSIONS A significant improvement in dyssynchrony and LVEF was measured post beta-blockade using novel measures of dyssynchrony.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Jones
- Department of Nuclear Cardiology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK.
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - C A Paterson
- Department of Nuclear Cardiology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - S Ray
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow , UK
| | - D W Motherwell
- Department of Nuclear Cardiology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - D J Hamilton
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A D Small
- Department of Nuclear Cardiology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - W Martin
- Department of Nuclear Cardiology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - N E R Goodfield
- Department of Nuclear Cardiology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
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Jones KA, Small AD, Ray S, Hamilton DJ, Martin W, Robinson J, Goodfield NER, Paterson CA. Radionuclide ventriculography phase analysis for risk stratification of patients undergoing cardiotoxic cancer therapy. J Nucl Cardiol 2022; 29:581-589. [PMID: 32748278 PMCID: PMC8993717 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02277-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate diagnostic tools to identify patients at risk of cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) are critical. For patients undergoing cardiotoxic cancer therapy, ejection fraction assessment using radionuclide ventriculography (RNVG) is commonly used for serial assessment of left ventricular (LV) function. METHODS In this retrospective study, approximate entropy (ApEn), synchrony, entropy, and standard deviation from the phase histogram (phase SD) were investigated as potential early markers of LV dysfunction to predict CTRCD. These phase parameters were calculated from the baseline RNVG phase image for 177 breast cancer patients before commencing cardiotoxic therapy. RESULTS Of the 177 patients, 11 had a decline in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of over 10% to an LVEF below 50% after treatment had commenced. This patient group had a significantly higher ApEn at baseline to those who maintained a normal LVEF throughout treatment. Of the parameters investigated, ApEn was superior for predicting the risk of CTRCD. Combining ApEn with the baseline LVEF further improved the discrimination between the groups. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that RNVG phase analysis using approximate entropy may aid in the detection of sub-clinical LV contraction abnormalities, not detectable by baseline LVEF measurement, predicting a subsequent decline in LVEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Jones
- Department of Nuclear Cardiology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK.
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - A D Small
- Department of Nuclear Cardiology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
- School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - S Ray
- School of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - D J Hamilton
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - W Martin
- Department of Nuclear Cardiology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Robinson
- Department of Nuclear Cardiology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - N E R Goodfield
- Department of Nuclear Cardiology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - C A Paterson
- Department of Nuclear Cardiology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Kashevarov VL, Ott P, Prakhov S, Adlarson P, Afzal F, Ahmed Z, Akondi CS, Annand JRM, Arends HJ, Beck R, Braghieri A, Briscoe WJ, Cividini F, Codling R, Collicott C, Costanza S, Denig A, Downie EJ, Dieterle M, Ferretti Bondy MI, Fil'kov LV, Fix A, Gardner S, Garni S, Glazier DI, Glowa D, Gradl W, Gurevich G, Hamilton DJ, Hornidge D, Howdle D, Huber GM, Käser A, Kay S, Keshelashvili I, Kondratiev R, Korolija M, Krusche B, Linturi J, Lisin V, Livingston K, MacGregor IJD, MacRae R, Mancell J, Manley DM, Martel PP, McGeorge JC, McNicol E, Middleton DG, Miskimen R, Mornacchi E, Mullen C, Mushkarenkov A, Neiser A, Oberle M, Ostrick M, Otte PB, Oussena B, Paudyal D, Pedroni P, Polyanski VV, Rajabi A, Reicherz G, Robinson J, Rosner G, Rostomyan T, Sarty A, Schott DM, Schumann S, Sfienti C, Sokhoyan V, Spieker K, Steffen O, Strandberg B, Strakovsky II, Strub T, Supek I, Taragin MF, Thiel A, Thiel M, Tiator L, Thomas A, Unverzagt M, Wagner S, Watts DP, Werthmüller D, Wettig J, Witthauer L, Wolfes M, Workman RL, Zana L. Study of η and η' Photoproduction at MAMI. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:212001. [PMID: 28598665 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.212001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The reactions γp→ηp and γp→η^{'}p are measured from their thresholds up to the center-of-mass energy W=1.96 GeV with the tagged-photon facilities at the Mainz Microtron, MAMI. Differential cross sections are obtained with unprecedented statistical accuracy, providing fine energy binning and full production-angle coverage. A strong cusp is observed in the total cross section for η photoproduction at the energies in the vicinity of the η^{'} threshold, W=1896 MeV (E_{γ}=1447 MeV). Within the framework of a revised ηMAID isobar model, the cusp, in connection with a steep rise of the η^{'} total cross section from its threshold, can only be explained by a strong coupling of the poorly known N(1895)1/2^{-} state to both ηp and η^{'}p. Including the new high-accuracy results in the ηMAID fit to available η and η^{'} photoproduction data allows the determination of the N(1895)1/2^{-} properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Kashevarov
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- Lebedev Physical Institute, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - P Ott
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Prakhov
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052-0001, USA
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - P Adlarson
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - F Afzal
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Universität Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Z Ahmed
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - C S Akondi
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242-0001, USA
| | - J R M Annand
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - H J Arends
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Beck
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Universität Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - W J Briscoe
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052-0001, USA
| | - F Cividini
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Codling
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - C Collicott
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Astronomy and Physics, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - S Costanza
- INFN Sezione di Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A Denig
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - E J Downie
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052-0001, USA
| | - M Dieterle
- Departement für Physik, Universität Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - M I Ferretti Bondy
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - L V Fil'kov
- Lebedev Physical Institute, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - A Fix
- Laboratory of Mathematical Physics, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634034 Tomsk, Russia
| | - S Gardner
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Garni
- Departement für Physik, Universität Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - D I Glazier
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- SUPA School of Physics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - D Glowa
- SUPA School of Physics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - W Gradl
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - G Gurevich
- Institute for Nuclear Research, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - D J Hamilton
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - D Hornidge
- Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L 1E6, Canada
| | - D Howdle
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - G M Huber
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - A Käser
- Departement für Physik, Universität Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - S Kay
- SUPA School of Physics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - I Keshelashvili
- Departement für Physik, Universität Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Kondratiev
- Institute for Nuclear Research, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - M Korolija
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - B Krusche
- Departement für Physik, Universität Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Linturi
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - V Lisin
- Institute for Nuclear Research, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - K Livingston
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - I J D MacGregor
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R MacRae
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J Mancell
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - D M Manley
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242-0001, USA
| | - P P Martel
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L 1E6, Canada
| | - J C McGeorge
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E McNicol
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - D G Middleton
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L 1E6, Canada
| | - R Miskimen
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - E Mornacchi
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Mullen
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Mushkarenkov
- INFN Sezione di Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - A Neiser
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Oberle
- Departement für Physik, Universität Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Ostrick
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P B Otte
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - B Oussena
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052-0001, USA
| | - D Paudyal
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - P Pedroni
- INFN Sezione di Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - A Rajabi
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - G Reicherz
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Ruhr-Universität, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - J Robinson
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - G Rosner
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - T Rostomyan
- Departement für Physik, Universität Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Sarty
- Department of Astronomy and Physics, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - D M Schott
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052-0001, USA
| | - S Schumann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Sfienti
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - V Sokhoyan
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052-0001, USA
| | - K Spieker
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Universität Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - O Steffen
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - B Strandberg
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - I I Strakovsky
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052-0001, USA
| | - Th Strub
- Departement für Physik, Universität Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - I Supek
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M F Taragin
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052-0001, USA
| | - A Thiel
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Universität Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Thiel
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - L Tiator
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Thomas
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Unverzagt
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Wagner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D P Watts
- SUPA School of Physics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - D Werthmüller
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- Departement für Physik, Universität Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Wettig
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - L Witthauer
- Departement für Physik, Universität Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Wolfes
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R L Workman
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052-0001, USA
| | - L Zana
- SUPA School of Physics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
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Hamilton DJ, White CM, Rees CL, Wheeler DW, Ascoli GA. Molecular fingerprinting of principal neurons in the rodent hippocampus: A neuroinformatics approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 144:269-278. [PMID: 28549853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurons are often classified by their morphological and molecular properties. The online knowledge base Hippocampome.org primarily defines neuron types from the rodent hippocampal formation based on their main neurotransmitter (glutamate or GABA) and the spatial distributions of their axons and dendrites. For each neuron type, this open-access resource reports any and all published information regarding the presence or absence of known molecular markers, including calcium-binding proteins, neuropeptides, receptors, channels, transcription factors, and other molecules of biomedical relevance. The resulting chemical profile is relatively sparse: even for the best studied neuron types, the expression or lack thereof of fewer than 70 molecules has been firmly established to date. The mouse genome-wide in situ hybridization mapping of the Allen Brain Atlas provides a wealth of data that, when appropriately analyzed, can substantially augment the molecular marker knowledge in Hippocampome.org. Here we focus on the principal cell layers of dentate gyrus (DG), CA3, CA2, and CA1, which together contain approximately 90% of hippocampal neurons. These four anatomical parcels are densely packed with somata of mostly excitatory projection neurons. Thus, gene expression data for those layers can be justifiably linked to the respective principal neuron types: granule cells in DG and pyramidal cells in CA3, CA2, and CA1. In order to enable consistent interpretation across genes and regions, we screened the whole-genome dataset against known molecular markers of those neuron types. The resulting threshold values allow over 6000 very-high confidence (>99.5%) expressed/not-expressed assignments, expanding the biochemical information content of Hippocampome.org more than five-fold. Many of these newly identified molecular markers are potential pharmacological targets for major neurological and psychiatric conditions. Furthermore, our approach yields reasonable expression/non-expression estimates for every single gene in each of these four neuron types with >90% average confidence, providing a considerably complete genetic characterization of hippocampal principal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Hamilton
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States.
| | - C M White
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - C L Rees
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - D W Wheeler
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - G A Ascoli
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States.
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5
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Fanelli C, Cisbani E, Hamilton DJ, Salmé G, Wojtsekhowski B, Ahmidouch A, Annand JRM, Baghdasaryan H, Beaufait J, Bosted P, Brash EJ, Butuceanu C, Carter P, Christy E, Chudakov E, Danagoulian S, Day D, Degtyarenko P, Ent R, Fenker H, Fowler M, Frlez E, Gaskell D, Gilman R, Horn T, Huber GM, de Jager CW, Jensen E, Jones MK, Kelleher A, Keppel C, Khandaker M, Kohl M, Kumbartzki G, Lassiter S, Li Y, Lindgren R, Lovelace H, Luo W, Mack D, Mamyan V, Margaziotis DJ, Markowitz P, Maxwell J, Mbianda G, Meekins D, Meziane M, Miller J, Mkrtchyan A, Mkrtchyan H, Mulholland J, Nelyubin V, Pentchev L, Perdrisat CF, Piasetzky E, Prok Y, Puckett AJR, Punjabi V, Shabestari M, Shahinyan A, Slifer K, Smith G, Solvignon P, Subedi R, Wesselmann FR, Wood S, Ye Z, Zheng X. Polarization Transfer in Wide-Angle Compton Scattering and Single-Pion Photoproduction from the Proton. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:152001. [PMID: 26550716 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.152001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Wide-angle exclusive Compton scattering and single-pion photoproduction from the proton have been investigated via measurement of the polarization transfer from a circularly polarized photon beam to the recoil proton. The wide-angle Compton scattering polarization transfer was analyzed at an incident photon energy of 3.7 GeV at a proton scattering angle of θ_{cm}^{p}=70°. The longitudinal transfer K_{LL}, measured to be 0.645±0.059±0.048, where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic, has the same sign as predicted for the reaction mechanism in which the photon interacts with a single quark carrying the spin of the proton. However, the observed value is ~3 times larger than predicted by the generalized-parton-distribution-based calculations, which indicates a significant unknown contribution to the scattering amplitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fanelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, gruppo Sanità and Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - E Cisbani
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, gruppo Sanità and Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - D J Hamilton
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - G Salmé
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - B Wojtsekhowski
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Ahmidouch
- North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, USA
| | - J R M Annand
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - H Baghdasaryan
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - J Beaufait
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P Bosted
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - E J Brash
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C Butuceanu
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S OA2, Canada
| | - P Carter
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - E Christy
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - E Chudakov
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Danagoulian
- North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, USA
| | - D Day
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - P Degtyarenko
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R Ent
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - H Fenker
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M Fowler
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - E Frlez
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - D Gaskell
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R Gilman
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, USA
| | - T Horn
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - G M Huber
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S OA2, Canada
| | - C W de Jager
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - E Jensen
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M K Jones
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Kelleher
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - C Keppel
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - M Khandaker
- Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, USA
| | - M Kohl
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - G Kumbartzki
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, USA
| | - S Lassiter
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - Y Li
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - R Lindgren
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - H Lovelace
- Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, USA
| | - W Luo
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - D Mack
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - V Mamyan
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - D J Margaziotis
- California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - P Markowitz
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - J Maxwell
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - G Mbianda
- University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - D Meekins
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M Meziane
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - J Miller
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Mkrtchyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan 375036, Armenia
| | - H Mkrtchyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan 375036, Armenia
| | - J Mulholland
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - V Nelyubin
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - L Pentchev
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - C F Perdrisat
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - E Piasetzky
- University of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Y Prok
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A J R Puckett
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Punjabi
- Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, USA
| | - M Shabestari
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - A Shahinyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan 375036, Armenia
| | - K Slifer
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - G Smith
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P Solvignon
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R Subedi
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | | | - S Wood
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - Z Ye
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - X Zheng
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
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Kaiser R, Clarkson A, Hamilton DJ, Hoek M, Ireland DG, Johnston JR, Keri T, Lumsden S, Mahon DF, McKinnon B, Murray M, Nutbeam-Tuffs S, Shearer C, Staines C, Yang G, Zimmerman C. A Prototype Scintillating-Fibre Tracker for the Cosmic-ray Muon Tomography of Legacy Nuclear Waste Containers. EPJ Web of Conferences 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20146610005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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7
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Cipiccia S, Wiggins SM, Maneuski D, Brunetti E, Vieux G, Yang X, Issac RC, Welsh GH, Anania M, Islam MR, Ersfeld B, Montgomery R, Smith G, Hoek M, Hamilton DJ, Lemos NRC, Symes DR, Rajeev PP, Shea VO, Dias JM, Jaroszynski DA. Compton scattering for spectroscopic detection of ultra-fast, high flux, broad energy range X-rays. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:113302. [PMID: 24289391 DOI: 10.1063/1.4825374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Compton side-scattering has been used to simultaneously downshift the energy of keV to MeV energy range photons while attenuating their flux to enable single-shot, spectrally resolved, measurements of high flux X-ray sources to be undertaken. To demonstrate the technique a 1 mm thick pixelated cadmium telluride detector has been used to measure spectra of Compton side-scattered radiation from a Cobalt-60 laboratory source and a high flux, high peak brilliance X-ray source of betatron radiation from a laser-plasma wakefield accelerator.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cipiccia
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, John Anderson Building, 107 Rottenrow, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
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8
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Sabek OM, Hamilton DJ, Gaber AO. Prospects for future advancements in islet cell transplantation. MINERVA CHIR 2009; 64:59-73. [PMID: 19202536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Islet cell transplantation holds great promise for treating patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and for preventing unstable metabolic state commonly refereed to as brittle diabetes in patients that undergo pancreatic resection given that it is a relatively noninvasive procedure and an attractive alternative to pancreas transplantation for restoring endogenous insulin secretion. The success of recent clinical trials for allogeneic islet transplantation as well as the increasing centers that perform auto-transplantation is showing that the beta cell replacement therapy for the treatment of patients with diabetes or total pancreatectomy has been firmly established. It needs only to be improved and made more widely available to the millions of desperate patients who search for alternatives to a life of insulin injections, hypoglycemia and the risks of end-organ damage. Steady progress has been achieved in recent years in different areas in the pancreatic islet transplantation process including islet cell processing, preservation, and immune therapies that justify optimism. To implement this therapeutic approach to larger cohorts of patients that would benefit from the restoration of beta cell function requires multiple interventions and the standardization of the different stages of islet transplant process. This article will review the possible areas of intervention and the ongoing research toward this important goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Sabek
- Department of Surgery Weill, Cornell Medical College, the Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
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Giulietti A, Bourgeois N, Ceccotti T, Davoine X, Dobosz S, D'Oliveira P, Galimberti M, Galy J, Gamucci A, Giulietti D, Gizzi LA, Hamilton DJ, Lefebvre E, Labate L, Marquès JR, Monot P, Popescu H, Réau F, Sarri G, Tomassini P, Martin P. Intense gamma-ray source in the giant-dipole-resonance range driven by 10-TW laser pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:105002. [PMID: 18851220 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.105002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A gamma-ray source with an intense component around the giant dipole resonance for photonuclear absorption has been obtained via bremsstrahlung of electron bunches driven by a 10-TW tabletop laser. 3D particle-in-cell simulation proves the achievement of a nonlinear regime leading to efficient acceleration of several sequential electron bunches per each laser pulse. The rate of the gamma-ray yield in the giant dipole resonance region (8<E{gamma}<17.5 MeV) was measured, through the radio activation of a gold sample, to be 4 x 10;{8} photons per joule of laser energy. This novel all-optical, compact, and efficient electron-gamma source is suitable for photonuclear studies and medical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Giulietti
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR Campus, Pisa, Italy
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Danagoulian A, Mamyan VH, Roedelbronn M, Aniol KA, Annand JRM, Bertin PY, Bimbot L, Bosted P, Calarco JR, Camsonne A, Chang CC, Chang TH, Chen JP, Choi S, Chudakov E, Degtyarenko P, de Jager CW, Deur A, Dutta D, Egiyan K, Gao H, Garibaldi F, Gayou O, Gilman R, Glamazdin A, Glashausser C, Gomez J, Hamilton DJ, Hansen JO, Hayes D, Higinbotham DW, Hinton W, Horn T, Howell C, Hunyady T, Hyde CE, Jiang X, Jones MK, Khandaker M, Ketikyan A, Kubarovsky V, Kramer K, Kumbartzki G, Laveissière G, Lerose J, Lindgren RA, Margaziotis DJ, Markowitz P, McCormick K, Meekins DG, Meziani ZE, Michaels R, Moussiegt P, Nanda S, Nathan AM, Nikolenko DM, Nelyubin V, Norum BE, Paschke K, Pentchev L, Perdrisat CF, Piasetzky E, Pomatsalyuk R, Punjabi VA, Rachek I, Radyushkin A, Reitz B, Roche R, Ron G, Sabatié F, Saha A, Savvinov N, Shahinyan A, Shestakov Y, Sirca S, Slifer K, Solvignon P, Stoler P, Tajima S, Sulkosky V, Todor L, Vlahovic B, Weinstein LB, Wang K, Wojtsekhowski B, Voskanyan H, Xiang H, Zheng X, Zhu L. Compton-scattering cross section on the proton at high momentum transfer. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:152001. [PMID: 17501338 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.152001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cross-section values for Compton scattering on the proton were measured at 25 kinematic settings over the range s=5-11 and -t=2-7 GeV2 with a statistical accuracy of a few percent. The scaling power for the s dependence of the cross section at fixed center-of-mass angle was found to be 8.0+/-0.2, strongly inconsistent with the prediction of perturbative QCD. The observed cross-section values are in fair agreement with the calculations using the handbag mechanism, in which the external photons couple to a single quark.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Danagoulian
- University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
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Loebe M, Ramasubbu K, Hamilton DJ. [Diabetes and heart transplantation]. Clin Res Cardiol 2006; 95 Suppl 1:i48-53. [PMID: 16598548 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-006-1121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is frequently encountered in patients presenting with end-stage heart failure to be listed for transplantation. While diabetes used to be a contra-indication for heart transplantation, careful preoperative evaluation and individualized postoperative medication lead to long-term outcome after heart transplantation equal to non-diabetic patients. About 1/3 of transplanted patients develop a post-transplant diabetes. Several risk factors have been identified leading to this condition. Mostly, post-transplant diabetes is of temporary nature. Several studies have shown no impact of diabetes on the incidence of rejection, malignancies, and transplant vasculopathy. However, glucose intolerance must be taken into consideration when planing immunosuppressive therapy since different medications have distinct impact on glucose metabolism after transplant. A multidisciplinary team allows for closely monitoring and treating patients with diabetes after heart transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Loebe
- Direktor Lungentransplantation, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, 6560 Fannin Suite 1860, Houston TX 77030, USA.
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Cataldo AM, Hamilton DJ, Barnett JL, Paskevich PA, Nixon RA. Properties of the endosomal-lysosomal system in the human central nervous system: disturbances mark most neurons in populations at risk to degenerate in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci 1996; 16:186-99. [PMID: 8613784 PMCID: PMC6578706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific antibodies and cytochemical markers combined with several imaging and morphometric techniques were used to characterize the endosomal-lysosomal system in mature neurons of the normal human central nervous system and to quantitate changes in its function in Alzheimer's disease. Compartments containing cathespin D (Cat D) and other acid hydrolases included a major subpopulation of mature lysosomes lacking mannose-6-phosphate receptors (MPR) and smaller populations of late endosomes (MPR-positive) and lipofuscin granules (MPR-negative). Antibodies to the pro-isoform of Cat D decorated perinuclear vacuolar compartments corresponding to late endosomes. Neurons and glia contained lysosomes with differing complements of acid hydrolases, implying different processing capabilities. Endosome/lysosome number per unit volume of cytoplasm was relatively well conserved within populations of normal neurons. By contrast, in morphometric analyses of Alzheimer's disease brains, 80-93% of pyramidal cells in the prefrontal cortex (laminae III or V) and hippocampus (CA2, CA3) displayed two- to eightfold higher numbers of hydrolase-positive vacuolar compartments than did corresponding cell populations in age-matched normal brains. Only 5-10% of cerebellar Purkinje cells, a less vulnerable population, showed the same statistically significant elevations. Most affected in these brain regions and in subcortical areas seemed otherwise normal by conventional histological staining and ultrastructural inspection. That both lysosomal and pro-Cat D- and MPR-positive endosomal compartments increased in number demonstrates that the endosomal-lysosomal system is activated markedly in vulnerable neuronal populations of Alzheimer's disease brains and implies that endocytosis or autophagy or both are accelerated persistently at an early stage of cellular compromise, greatly surpassing the degree of activity associated with normal aging. Early activation of the endosomal-lysosomal system represents a biological event potentially linking major etiological factors in Alzheimer's disease, including defective membrane proteins, apolipoprotein E function, and altered amyloid precursor protein processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Cataldo
- Laboratories for Molecular Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
A compression algorithm for electrocardiogram signals is presented, based on an auto-associative neural network. Issues of weight and activation coding are considered, and compression performances of various network sizes are compared. A unique feature is the performance improvement achieved using DC level removal. A comparison with existing techniques is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Hamilton
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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Cataldo AM, Hamilton DJ, Nixon RA. Lysosomal abnormalities in degenerating neurons link neuronal compromise to senile plaque development in Alzheimer disease. Brain Res 1994; 640:68-80. [PMID: 8004466 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(94)91858-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies to the lysosomal hydrolases, cathepsins B and D and beta-hexosaminidase A, revealed alterations of the endosomal-lysosomal system in neurons of the Alzheimer disease brain, which preceded evident degenerative changes and became marked as atrophy, neurofibrillary pathology, or chromatolysis developed. At the earliest stages of cell atrophy, hydrolase-positive lysosomes accumulated at the basal pole and then massively throughout the perikarya and proximal and proximal dendrites of affected pyramidal neurons in Alzheimer prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, far exceeding the changes of normal aging. Secondary lysosomes as well as tertiary residual bodies (lysosomes/lipofuscin) increased implying stimulated, autophagocytosis and lysosomal system activation. Less affected brain regions, such as the thalamus, displayed similar though less extensive alterations. Certain thalamic neurons exhibited a distinctive lysosome-related abnormality characterized by the presence of cell surface blebs of varying size and number filled with intense hydrolase immunoreactivity. At more advanced stages of degeneration in still intact neurons, hydrolase-positive lipofuscin, particularly in the form of abnormally large aggregates, nearly filled the cytoplasm. Similar lipofuscin aggregates were observed in abundance in the extracellular space following cell lysis and were usually associated with deposits of the beta-amyloid protein. Degenerating neurons and their processes were the major source of these aggregates within senile plaques which contained high concentrations of acid hydrolases. We have shown in previous studies that these lysosomal hydrolases in plaques are enzymatically-active. The persistence of lysosomal structures in the brain parenchyma after neurons have degenerated is a striking and potentially diagnostic feature of Alzheimer disease which has not been observed, to our knowledge, in other degenerative diseases. The lysosomal response in degenerating Alzheimer neurons represents a probable link between an early activation of the lysosomal system in at-risk, normal-appearing neurons and the end-stage contribution of lysosomes to senile plaque formation and emphasizes a slowly progressive disturbance of the lysosomal system throughout the development of Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Cataldo
- Laboratories for Molecular Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02178
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Quick RE, Hoge CW, Hamilton DJ, Whitney CJ, Borges M, Kobayashi JM. Underutilization of pneumococcal vaccine in nursing home in Washington State: report of a serotype-specific outbreak and a survey. Am J Med 1993; 94:149-52. [PMID: 8430710 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(93)90176-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe an outbreak of pneumococcal disease in a Washington state nursing home and to report a survey of pneumococcal vaccine utilization in Washington nursing homes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Outbreak. Data were collected from nursing home residents' records. Nasopharyngeal cultures were obtained from residents and staff. Survey. Fifty-four randomly selected Washington nursing homes were surveyed about pneumococcal vaccine utilization and policies. RESULTS Outbreak. Three confirmed and 4 possible cases of pneumococcal disease occurred over 9 days among 94 residents; 5 patients (71%) died. Cases were identified among 6 of 42 residents on 1 wing, compared with 1 of 52 on the other 2 wings (relative risk 7.4, 95% confidence interval 1.0, 398.5). Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 9V was cultured from the blood of 3 confirmed case-patients and the nasopharynx of 2 of 73 residents. Only 7% of residents had received pneumococcal vaccine, including one case-patient who had received 14-valent vaccine without serotype 9V. Survey. Only 22% of residents were reported to have received pneumococcal vaccine; vaccination status was unknown for 66%. Physician discretion determined pneumococcal vaccination in 49 (91%) nursing homes; 9 (17%) had a written policy. Two major barriers to pneumococcal vaccination were cited: low priority among physicians (43%) and difficulty in determining residents' vaccine history (37%). CONCLUSIONS A pneumococcal disease outbreak among undervaccinated nursing home residents probably resulted from person-to-person transmission. Pneumococcal vaccine appears to be underutilized in Washington state nursing homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Quick
- Division of Field Epidemiology, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia
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Nixon RA, Cataldo AM, Paskevich PA, Hamilton DJ, Wheelock TR, Kanaley-Andrews L. The lysosomal system in neurons. Involvement at multiple stages of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1992; 674:65-88. [PMID: 1288372 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb27478.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Disturbed lysosomal function may be implicated at several stages of Alzheimer's pathogenesis. Lysosomes and acid hydrolases accumulate in the majority of neocortical pyramidal neurons before typical degenerative changes can be detected, indicating that altered lysosome function is among the earliest markers of metabolic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. These early alterations could reflect accelerated membrane and protein turnover, defective lysosome or hydrolase function, abnormal lysosomal trafficking or any combination of these possibilities. Because APP is partly metabolized in lysosomes, early disturbances in lysosomal function could promote the production of abnormal and/or neurotoxic APP fragments within intact cells. Lysosomal abnormalities progressively worsen as neurons begin to degenerate. Based on existing literature on cell death, increased perturbation and instability of the lysosomal system may be expected to contribute to the atrophy and eventual lysis of the neuron. Finally, the release of hydrolase-filled lysosomes and lipofuscin aggregates from dying neurons accounts for the abundant deposition of enzymatically active acid hydrolases of all classes in the extracellular space--a phenomenon that may be unique to Alzheimer's disease. Acting on APP present in surrounding dystrophic neurites, cellular debris and astrocyte processes, dysregulated hydrolases may cleave APP in atypical sequential patterns, thereby generating self-aggregating protease-resistant APP fragments that can be only processed to beta-amyloid. Genetic mutations or posttranslational factors of APP should further enhance the generation of amyloidogenic fragments by a dysregulated lysosomal system. Given that very little, if any, beta-amyloid is detected intracellularly, yet extracellular beta-amyloid is very abundant, our data suggest that the final steps of APP processing and the generation of most beta-amyloid in the brain parenchyma occur extracellularly and may involve one or more lysosomal proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Nixon
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, Mailman Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts 02178
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Abstract
While criteria for serodiagnosis of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection are well established, isolation of the organism is often difficult. To increase detection of this organism, C. pneumoniae-specific sequences were identified to permit amplification of C. pneumoniae by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A cloned C. pneumoniae 474-bp PstI fragment was shown by dot blot and Southern hybridization to differentiate C. pneumoniae from the other Chlamydia spp., react with all C. pneumoniae isolates tested, and not recognize DNA from normal throat flora or common respiratory tract agents. This cloned fragment was sequenced and primers for use in PCR were chosen on the bases of GenBank analysis, G + C ratio, and absence of secondary structure. All C. pneumoniae isolates tested were amplified by the HL-1-HR-1 primer pair or the HM-1-HR-1 primer pair, producing the expected 437- and 229-bp amplification products, respectively. None of the Chlamydia trachomatis serovars (B/TW-5/OT, C/TW-3/OT, D/UW-3/Cx, E/UW-5/Cx, F/UW-6/Cx, H/UW-4/Cx, I/UW-12/Ur, and L2/434/Bu), Chlamydia psittaci strains (Mn, 6BC, GPIC, FP, and OA), HeLa cells, or other organisms tested were amplified. Reaction conditions including MgCl2, oligonucleotides, and primer concentrations and temperature were optimized before application to clinical samples. Clinical specimens from patients from whom C. pneumoniae was isolated were also positive by PCR, while samples from patients with known C. trachomatis or C. psittaci infection were not amplified by PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Campbell
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
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Hamilton DJ, Amos D, Schwartz RW, Dent CM, Counts GW. Effect of delay in processing on lysis-centrifugation blood culture results from marrow transplant patients. J Clin Microbiol 1989; 27:1588-93. [PMID: 2671018 PMCID: PMC267620 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.27.7.1588-1593.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of delay in processing on results of lysis-centrifugation (LC; Isolator) blood cultures was assessed in 4,577 paired blood specimens. Blood specimens were obtained at all hours from 384 febrile marrow transplant patients with indwelling venous catheters and were processed by the LC technique and by a conventional two-bottle method. Most patients (84%) were receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics at the time of blood culture. Specimens were delivered to the laboratory, where Isolator tubes were held at 35 degrees C and processed in batches between 0700 and 1730 h daily. This procedure resulted in a delay beyond the manufacturer-suggested processing time of less than 8 h for 1,853 (42%) of the LC cultures. There was no overall difference in the recovery of organisms present in LC cultures processed after being held for 8 to 24 h compared with the conventional two-bottle method. LC methodology had shorter time to detection than the conventional method for detection of Candida spp. and Pseudomonas spp. (P less than 0.05). However, time to detection for Streptococcus spp. and members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, responsible for 16.3% of total isolates, was prolonged significantly by delay in processing when compared with the conventional two-bottle method (P less than 0.01). Results of this study support the recommendation of the manufacturer for processing of Isolator tubes within 8 h or less. Although one can safely delay processing beyond 8 h in terms of total recovery of organisms, such delays were associated with longer time to detection for certain important potentially pathogenic organisms which accounted for a sizeable proportion of blood culture isolates from marrow transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Hamilton
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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Counts GW, Schwartz RW, Ulness BK, Hamilton DJ, Rosok MJ, Cunningham MD, Tam MR, Darveau RP. Evaluation of an immunofluorescent-antibody test for rapid identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in blood cultures. J Clin Microbiol 1988; 26:1161-5. [PMID: 3133390 PMCID: PMC266554 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.26.6.1161-1165.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An immunofluorescent-antibody test was developed for rapid detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in blood cultures. The test uses a murine monoclonal antibody specific for all strains of P. aeruginosa. In initial tests, bright uniform immunofluorescence signals were seen when each of the 17 international serotypes, as well as 14 additional isolates of P. aeruginosa, were examined. No immunofluorescent staining was observed when 37 other gram-negative and 15 gram-positive species were studied. In a clinical study, the assay was applied to broth smears of 86 gram-negative bacilli isolated from 74 bacteremic patients and 28 additional clinical isolates of Pseudomonas sp. and other oxidase-positive gram-negative bacilli recovered from various body sites. Smears were made directly from blood cultures which were positive for gram-negative bacilli by Gram staining. Eleven (15%) of 74 patients with gram-negative bacteremia had a positive test for P. aeruginosa. Including the results of these 11 isolates recovered in a prospective study and an additional 10 isolates from a retrospective study, we obtained a sensitivity and specificity of 100% (21 positive specimens and 103 negative specimens, respectively). These preliminary results suggest that this is a useful reagent for rapid presumptive identification of P. aeruginosa in blood cultures. With the immunofluorescent-antibody test, P. aeruginosa could be identified within 1 h of Gram stain evidence of gram-negative bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Counts
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle
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Abstract
Cefixime was 8 to 10 times more active than cefaclor and augmentin against isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhi, MIC90 values ranging from 0.06 to 0.25 micrograms/ml. However, none of these three drugs was particularly active against isolates of more resistant gram-negative bacilli such as Enterobacter, Serratia, Citrobacter, Acinetobacter, Providencia and Achromobacter spp. The lowest MIC values for gram-negative bacilli were seen with ciprofloxacin, except for isolates of Acinetobacter, where cotrimoxazole was the most active of the five drugs studied. Augmentin and ciprofloxacin exhibited the lowest MICs for isolates of streptococci and corynebacteria. Although cefixime may be among the most active oral beta-lactam drugs, it does not appear to be useful for treatment of infections caused by more resistant gram-negative bacilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Counts
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98104
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Hamilton DJ, Ulness BK, Baugher LK, Counts GW. Comparison of a novel trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-containing medium (XT80) with kanamycin agar for isolation of antibiotic-resistant organisms from stool and rectal cultures of marrow transplant patients. J Clin Microbiol 1987; 25:1886-90. [PMID: 3312287 PMCID: PMC269361 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.25.10.1886-1890.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A new medium (XT80) containing trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) was characterized and compared with kanamycin-containing tryptic soy agar (KA) for the recovery of multiply resistant organisms (MRO) in rectal and stool cultures. Cultures from 151 patients hospitalized for bone marrow transplantation were screened for MRO. A total of 366 MRO were recovered from 702 cultures on 94 patients during a 6-month period. XT80 detected more gram-negative bacilli and Corynebacterium spp. than KA. Detection of Staphylococcus spp. was equivalent for the two media. Multiple-antibiotic resistance, defined as resistance to three or more classes of antibiotics, was confirmed by standard agar disk diffusion susceptibility testing. Growth on XT80 correctly identified heteroresistant strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. XT80 more rapidly detected thymidine-dependent mutants of Staphylococcus spp. and members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Lipophilic Corynebacterium spp., including Corynebacterium group JK, also were more readily detected with XT80. TMP-SMZ given as prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii infection exerts a selective pressure on organisms that colonize immunocompromised patients and appears to select for colonization with MRO. Colonization with MRO preceded infection for 94% of 36 patients who developed bacteremia. XT80 is a useful screening tool; growth on this medium correlates closely with resistance to TMP-SMZ and is as accurate a predictor as KA for the carriage of MRO.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Hamilton
- Microbiology Disease, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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Abstract
A 22 year old man with asymptomatic hypoxemia was found to have a large right to left shunt due to a rare congenital anomaly: total drainage of the right superior vena cava into the left atrium. The anomaly was first suspected after radionuclide angiocardiography was performed using technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin and was confirmed by cardiac catheterization. Contrast echocardiographic and surgical findings are discussed. Other reports on this anomaly are reviewed.
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Horowitz BL, Hamilton DJ, Sommers CJ, Bryan RN, Boyd AE. Effect of bromocriptine and pergolide on pituitary tumor size and serum prolactin. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1983; 4:415-7. [PMID: 6410759 PMCID: PMC8334904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Forty-two patients with elevated serum prolactin were treated in a randomized, open-label trial with the conventional ergot bromocriptine, or a new ergot pergolide. Before treatment, the patients underwent thorough endocrine evaluation and computed tomographic scan. All patients had prolactin levels greater than 25 ng/ml, and 27 patients had a pituitary mass. Follow-up studies performed after 6 months of treatment showed both drugs effectively reduced prolactin levels to normal, though pergolide effects were more rapid. There was no change in the contents of the pituitary fossa in the 10 patients with hyperprolactinemia but without pituitary mass. Sixty percent of patients with pituitary mass had diminution of tumor size. Pergolide appears to be an effective medical treatment for hyperprolactinemia and pituitary tumor and offers a possible alternative to bromocriptine and surgical treatment.
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Abstract
The vapour pressures of eleven herbicide esters were calculated from gas chromatographic measurement of relative retention volumes (dibutyl phthalate = 1) on a non-polar SE-30 column. Measurements were made at temperatures from 72 to 182 degrees C, but by assuming that the ratio of the latent heat of vaporization of the ester to that of dibutyl phthalate was independent of temperature, values for vapour pressure could be extrapolated to 25 degrees C. Vapour pressures at 25 degrees C ranged from 2.5.10(-4) mmHg for 2,4-D ethyl ester to 1.9.10(-7) mm Hg for picloram isoocytly ester.
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Hamilton DJ, Beckmann TJ. A rapid infrared spectrophotometric method for the analysis of pp′-DDT in Formulations of Technical DDT. Analyst 1966. [DOI: 10.1039/an9669100817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hamilton DJ. Preliminary Note on the Cultivation of Anaerobes. West J Med 1904; 2:11-2. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.2270.11-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hamilton DJ. On Heredity in Disease. Trans Med Chir Soc Edinb 1900; 19:94-136. [PMID: 29584204 PMCID: PMC5522552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
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Hamilton DJ. An Apparatus for the Cultivation of Anaerobes. West J Med 1896; 1:6-7. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.1827.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hamilton DJ. A Ready Means of Procuring and Transmitting Diphtheric Discharges por Examination. West J Med 1895; 1:298-9. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.1780.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hamilton DJ. The Means by which the Oily Debris in Catarrhal Nephritis is Removed. J Anat Physiol 1891; 25:198-201. [PMID: 17231903 PMCID: PMC1328135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
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Hamilton DJ. An Address Delivered at the Opening of the Section of Pathology. West J Med 1890; 2:321-4. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.1545.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hamilton DJ. Effect of Chronic Disease of the Valves of the Heart upon the Sound Orifices, the Cavities, and the Walls. J Anat Physiol 1888; 23:40-68. [PMID: 17231774 PMCID: PMC1288772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
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Hamilton DJ. On Testing the Competency of the Valves of the Heart by Means of Air. West J Med 1888; 1:888-9. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.1426.888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hamilton DJ. Method of Combining Weigert's Haematoxylene-Copper Stain for Nerve Fibre with the Use of the Freezing Microtome. J Anat Physiol 1887; 21:444-9. [PMID: 17231696 PMCID: PMC1288642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
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Hamilton DJ. Remarks on the Conducting Paths between the Cortex of the Brain and the Lower Centres in Relation to Physiology and Pathology. West J Med 1887; 1:493-6. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.1366.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hamilton DJ. On the Corpus Callosum in the Adult Human Brain. J Anat Physiol 1885; 19:384.1-414. [PMID: 17231598 PMCID: PMC1288495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
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Hamilton DJ. Abstract of Lectures on the Structure and Functions of the Brain in Relation to Disease. West J Med 1884. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.1221.988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hamilton DJ. Remarks on Nutrition and Growth. West J Med 1883; 2:1271-7. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.1200.1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hamilton DJ. On the Wax-like Disease of the Heart. J Anat Physiol 1883; 18:54-9. [PMID: 17231508 PMCID: PMC1288428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
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Hamilton DJ. Note on the Practical Application of Sponge-Grafting. Br Med J 1883; 1:7. [PMID: 20750452 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.1149.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hamilton DJ. An Address on the Study of Pathology. West J Med 1882; 2:977-80. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.1142.977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hamilton DJ. On Sponge-Grafting. EDINBURGH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1881. [PMCID: PMC5300393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. J. Hamilton
- Pathologist to the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary; Lecturer on Pathology in the School of Medicine, Edinburgh
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Foulis, Hamilton DJ, Gairdner, Finlayson, Orr S, Anderson M, Robertson A, Barr, Coats J. Discussion on the Pathology of Phthisis Pulmonalis. Glasgow Med J 1881; 15:269-303. [PMID: 30433503 PMCID: PMC5900255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Hamilton DJ. Development of Fibrous Tissue from the Hepatic Parenchyma in Cirrhosis of the Liver. J Anat Physiol 1880; 14:185-194.1. [PMID: 17231313 PMCID: PMC1309930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
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Carmichael J, Hamilton DJ. Two Cases of Lesion of the Temporo-Sphenoidal Lobe of the Brain: With Pathological Examination. J Anat Physiol 1880; 14:221-228.1. [PMID: 17231317 PMCID: PMC1309934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
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Hamilton DJ. The Process of Healing. J Anat Physiol 1879; 13:518-45. [PMID: 17231285 PMCID: PMC1309840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
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Young PA, Hamilton DJ. Notes on Two Cases of Stricture of the Œsophagus. Edinb Med J 1878; 23:780-784. [PMID: 29639787 PMCID: PMC5321879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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