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Butters A, Arnott C, Sweeting J, Claggett B, Ashley E, Parikh V, Colan S, Day S, Owens A, Helms A, Saberi S, Jacoby D, Michels M, Olivotto I, Pereira A, Rosanno J, Wittekind S, Ware J, Atherton J, Semsarian C, Lakdawala N, Ho C, Ingles J. Sex Disaggregated Analysis of Risk Factors for Adverse Outcomes in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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2
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Stawiarski K, Agboola O, Park J, Mangi A, Geirsson A, Bellumkonda L, Lee F, Chen M, Jacoby D, Chou J, Ahmad T, Testani J, McCloskey G, Bonde P. The Effects of Less Invasive Extra-Pericardial Placement of Left Ventricular Assist Devices on Right Ventricular Failure in the Early Postoperative Period. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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3
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Stawiarski K, Agboola O, Park J, Mangi A, Geirsson A, Lee F, Jacoby D, Bellumkonda L, Ahmad T, Chou J, Testani J, Chen M, McCloskey G, Bonde P. Blood Conservation Strategy at Time of Left Ventricular Assist Device Placement Improves Survival. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Wang A, Heitner SB, Jacoby D, Lester S, Fang L, Balaratnam G, Sehnert AJ. 228Long-term safety and effectiveness of mavacamten in symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (oHCM) patients (pts): update from PIONEER open-label extension (PIONEER-OLE) study. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In a phase 2 PIONEER-HCM study, pts with symptomatic, obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (oHCM) showed improvement in left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction, exercise capacity, and symptoms after 12 wk of treatment with the novel myosin modulator, mavacamten (Mava).
Purpose
To examine the long-term safety and effectiveness of Mava in PIONEER-OLE study
Methods
PIONEER-OLE (NCT03496168) is an ongoing 2-y multicenter study for adults with symptomatic oHCM who completed PIONEER-HCM (NCT02842242). The starting dose of Mava is 5 mg/d with titration at wk 6 to an individualized therapeutic dose (5, 10, or 15 mg). Evaluations are at wk 4, 6, 8, 12 and every 12 wk thereafter to monitor LV ejection fraction (LVEF), LVOT gradient, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, NT-proBNP, drug concentration, and safety.
Results
13 pts (mean age, 57.8 y; 9 male; 12 on beta-blockers) were enrolled. Mean baseline LVOT obstruction and LVEF, and wk 12 changes from baseline, were similar to those in PIONEER-HCM (Table). Mava significantly reduced resting and provoked LVOT gradients and NT-proBNP at wk 12 and 24 compared with baseline (P<0.004). Of 10 pts who reached wk 24, 8 reported improvement in NYHA class (1 improved Class III to II; 7 improved Class II to I), and 2 pts remained Class II. Mava has been well tolerated up to 40 wk; 31 adverse events (AEs; 22 mild, 5 moderate) were reported in 8 pts; 1 pt had 3 severe and 1 serious AE (cholangiocarcinoma); all AEs were unrelated to study drug.
Results from PIONEER-OLE Parameter PIONEER-HCMa PIONEER-OLE Baseline Wk 12 Baselineb Wk 12 Change at Wk 12 Wilcoxon Signed Wk 24 Change at Wk 24 Wilcoxon Signed Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Rank Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Rank (n=13) (n=13) (n=13)c (n=12)c (n=12)c P value (n=10)c (n=10)c P value LVOT Rest gradient, mmHg 69.7±53.9 27.8±31.3 67.3±42.8 12.0±5.4 −57.9±43.2 0.0005 10.5±4.8 −66.6±42.4 0.0020 LVOT Valsalva gradient, mmHg 93.7±55.6 36.8±37.5 89.9±30.7 (n=12) 23.6±20.0 −66.4±35.3 (n=11) 0.0020 21.1±11.5 −67.3±33.5 (n=9) 0.0039 LVEF, % 73.0±5.6 64.6±10.5 72.0±4.9 67.6±7.2 −4.4±5.5 0.0269 68.2±6.5 −3.2±3.3 0.0195 NT-proBNP, pg/mL 1601.3±2782 (n=12) 684±980 1836±2886 181±211 −1759±2789 0.0005 170±225 −2128±3104 0.0039 Data extraction date January 24, 2019. aCombined results shown for pts from PIONEER-HCM originally in cohort A (n=5) and cohort B (n=8). bBaseline in PIONEER-OLE occurred 6–18 months after completion of PIONEER-HCM. cNumber of pts with data available for analysis, unless otherwise specified.
Conclusion
Despite management with current therapies, pts enrolled in PIONEER-OLE with similar levels of obstruction and hypercontractility as in PIONEER-HCM. In this longest observation period, Mava significantly reduced obstruction (LVOT gradient) in pts with oHCM beyond standard HCM therapy, while maintaining normal LVEF and improving symptoms.
Acknowledgement/Funding
MyoKardia
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wang
- Duke Health Center at Southpoint, Durham, United States of America
| | - S B Heitner
- Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, United States of America
| | - D Jacoby
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States of America
| | - S Lester
- Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, United States of America
| | - L Fang
- MyoKardia, Inc., South San Francisco, United States of America
| | - G Balaratnam
- MyoKardia, Inc., South San Francisco, United States of America
| | - A J Sehnert
- MyoKardia, Inc., South San Francisco, United States of America
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Stawiarski K, Agboola O, Jacoby D, Bellumkonda L, Ahmad T, Sugeng L, Chen M, McCloskey G, Geirsson A, Anwar M, Bonde P. Chloride Homeostasis in End Stage Heart Failure and LVAD Recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.01.974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Stawiarski K, Agboola O, Jacoby D, Bellumkonda L, Sugeng L, Ahmad T, Chen M, McCloskey G, Geirsson A, Anwar M, Bonde P. LVAD Survival May Be Predicted by Preoperative Lymphopenia. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.01.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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7
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Jeon S, Conley S, Yaggi K, Jacoby D, Hollenbeak C, O’Connell M, Linsky S, Gaiser E, Richardson P, Mathew B, Kelly-Hauser J, Redeker NS. 0381 Cognitive Impairment Mediates The Relationship between Insomnia and Emotional Wellbeing among Patients with Stable Heart Failure. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Jeon
- Yale School of Nursing, Orange, CT
| | - S Conley
- Yale School of Nursing, Orange, CT
| | - K Yaggi
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - D Jacoby
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - C Hollenbeak
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | | | - S Linsky
- Yale School of Nursing, Orange, CT
| | - E Gaiser
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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8
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Conley S, Jeon S, Yaggi H, Jacoby D, Hollenbeak C, O’Connell M, Linsky S, Darden JW, Gaiser E, Kelly-Hauser J, Matthew B, Richardson P, Redeker NS. 0881 Insomnia Is Related To Self-care In People With Stable Heart Failure. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Conley
- Yale University School of Nursing, West Haven, CT
| | - S Jeon
- Yale University School of Nursing, West Haven, CT
| | - H Yaggi
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - D Jacoby
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - C Hollenbeak
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - M O’Connell
- Yale University School of Nursing, West Haven, CT
| | - S Linsky
- Yale University School of Nursing, West Haven, CT
| | - J W Darden
- Yale University School of Nursing, West Haven, CT
| | - E Gaiser
- Yale University School of Nursing, West Haven, CT
| | | | - B Matthew
- Yale University School of Nursing, West Haven, CT
| | - P Richardson
- Yale University School of Nursing, West Haven, CT
| | - N S Redeker
- Yale University School of Nursing, West Haven, CT
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9
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Stawiarski K, Zogg C, Park J, Jacoby D, Bellumkonda L, Chen M, Ahmad T, Testani J, McCloskey G, Sugeng L, Bonde P. Gender and Diastolic Dysfunction May be the Driver of Failure of Myocardial Recovery Following LVAD Implantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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10
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Dinsmore J, Ratliff J, Deacon T, Pakzaban P, Jacoby D, Galpern W, Isacson O. Embryonic Stem Cells Differentiated in Vitro as a Novel Source of Cells for Transplantation. Cell Transplant 2017; 5:131-43. [PMID: 8689027 DOI: 10.1177/096368979600500205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The controlled differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells into near homogeneous populations of both neurons and skeletal muscle cells that can survive and function in vivo after transplantation is reported. We show that treatment of pluripotent ES cells with retinoic acid (RA) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) induce differentiation of these cells into highly enriched populations of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) expressing neurons and skeletal myoblasts, respectively. For neuronal differentiation, RA alone is sufficient to induce ES cells to differentiate into neuronal cells that show properties of postmitotic neurons both in vitro and in vivo. In vivo function of RA-induced neuronal cells was demonstrated by transplantation into the quinolinic acid lesioned striatum of rats (a rat model for Huntington's disease), where cells integrated and survived for up to 6 wk. The response of embryonic stem cells to DMSO to form muscle was less dramatic than that observed for RA. DMSO-induced ES cells formed mixed populations of muscle cells composed of cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscle instead of homogeneous populations of a single muscle cell type. To determine whether the response of ES cells to DMSO induction could be further controlled, ES cells were stably transfected with a gene coding for the muscle-specific regulatory factor, MyoD. When induced with DMSO, ES cells constitutively expressing high levels of MyoD differentiated exclusively into skeletal myoblasts (no cardiac or smooth muscle cells) that fused to form myotubes capable of spontaneous contraction. Thus, the specific muscle cell type formed was controlled by the expression of MyoD. These results provided evidence that the specific cell type formed (whether it be muscle, neuronal, or other cell types) can be controlled in vitro. Further, these results demonstrated that ES cells can provide a source of multiple differentiated cell types that can be used for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dinsmore
- Diacrin, Inc., Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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11
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McClurg U, Dransfield D, Namdev N, Jacoby D, Chit N, Nakjang S, Edwards J, McCracken S, Robson C. A novel anti-androgen candidate galeterone acts by targeting USP12, a deubiquitinating enzyme that controls prostate cancer growth and survival. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)32654-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jacoby D, Hübener C, Deppe C, Fürst S, Flemmer AW, Tympner C, Hasbargen U. Intrauteriner Fruchttod durch B-Streptokokken (GBS) Sepsis, Fallbericht. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1593165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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13
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Jacoby D, Jawitz O, Bellumkonda L, Bonde P. Acute Rejection and Graft Failure Drive Worse Outcomes Among Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (PPCM) Patients Undergoing Heart Transplant (HT) in the US: A UNOS Analysis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.01.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Abstract
A number of virus vectors have been developed for gene delivery to the nervous system. Virus vectors still provide the most efficient means of gene delivery, and this is critical as only a small volume of inoculum can be used without damaging neurons. Each of the four types of vectors currently in use have their advantages and disadvantages. Highest titers can be achieved with herpes virus and adenovirus vectors, with retrovirus and adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors currently yielding lower titers. The transgene capacity of each from highest to lowest is: herpes virus (30 kb), adenovirus (8-10 kb), retrovirus (7-8 kb) and AAV (4.5 kb). All can infect a broad range of cell types in the nervous system, including neurons, glia and endothelial cells. Herpes, adenovirus and AAV vectors can deliver genes to postmitotic, as well as mitotic cells, while retrovirus vectors depend on cell mitosis for gene delivery. Herpes virus can assume a stable extrachromosomal configuration in the nuclei of some neurons (termed latency), while both retrovirus and AAV can integrate into the cell genome. Both integrate at random sites, but AAV can also integrate at a specific chromosomal location. Adenovirus neither assumes a stable state nor integrates, still its genome can persist and be expressed in the host cell for some time (up to a month or so). Stability of gene expression is a problem for all the vectors, due in part to the use of viral promoters which tend to be down-regulated by the host cell over a month or so. Both herpes virus vectors and adenovirus vectors have some toxicity in their current configurations, while retrovirus and AAV tend to be associated with less neuropathogenicity. Many developments in vectors should be occurring over the next few years that should increase the potential of these vectors for therapeutic gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Smith
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, Waltham, MA, Neurology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Neurology Department, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Fürst S, Delius M, Karambiri F, Jacoby D, Hasbargen U. Outcome der Geburtseinleitungen in einem Perinatalzentrum Level 1 in Bayern. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1293394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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16
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Gilles S, Jacoby D, Blume C, Mueller MJ, Jakob T, Behrendt H, Schaekel K, Traidl-Hoffmann C. Pollen-derived low-molecular weight factors inhibit 6-sulfo LacNAc+ dendritic cells' capacity to induce T-helper type 1 responses. Clin Exp Allergy 2010; 40:269-78. [PMID: 20210806 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence is accumulating that the pollen exsudate contains an array of non-allergenic, pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory substances acting on the innate and adaptive immune system. In this context, pollen-associated E(1)-phytoprostanes (PPE(1)) were shown to licence human monocyte-derived dendritic cells for T-helper type 2 (Th2) polarization of naïve T cells. OBJECTIVE This study aims at analysing the impact of pollen-associated lipid mediators on cytokine secretion and maturation of 6-sulfo LacNAc(+) dendritic cells (slanDCs), the most abundant native dendritic cell (DC) in human peripheral blood, and further dissecting the biologically active substance(s) within aqueous pollen extracts. RESULTS Aqueous birch pollen extracts dose-dependently inhibited the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-12 p70 production, while the levels of IL-6 remained unaffected. PPE(1) inhibited secretion of both IL-12 p70 and IL-6. Aqueous pollen extracts, but not PPE(1) or F(1)-phytoprostanes significantly reduced the LPS-induced surface expression of the maturation markers CD80, CD83, CD40 and CCR-7, an effect that was independent of proteins and that was still present in a 3 kDa cut-off fraction of the pollen extract. These effects were observed irrespective of the atopy status of the donors. Finally, slanDCs exposed to aqueous pollen extracts were impaired in eliciting an IFN-gamma response in naïve CD4(+) T cells. CONCLUSION Our data show that slanDCs, a subset of human blood DCs with constitutively high potency to induce Th1 responses, are susceptible to the Th2 polarizing effect of low molecular weight, non-protein factors derived from pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gilles
- Center for Allergy and Environment, Division of Environmental Dermatology and Allergy, Helmholz Zentrum/TUM, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Braun A, Bewersdorff M, Gutermuth J, Schober W, Mempel M, Behrendt H, Buters J, Jakob T, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Ring J, Müller M, Gilles S, Jacoby D, Schäkel K, Hochrein H, Ebling A, Rieber E, Meurer M, Dijkstra D, Werfel T, Gutzmer R, Bellinghausen I, Häringer B, Lafargue B, König B, Decker H, Knop J, Saloga J, Gehlhar K, Haußmann U, Peters M, Werner S, Bufe A, Stock P, Wunsch D, Lurz L, Röse L, Hamelmann E. Dendritische Zellen und T-Zellen. Allergo J 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03370554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hagg D, Malkoski S, Phillips C, Nichols D, Jacoby D. The biphasic aPTT waveform to diagnose sepsis in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Crit Care 2007. [PMCID: PMC4095105 DOI: 10.1186/cc5211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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19
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Li Deng, Kuansan Wang, Acero A, Hsiao-Wuen Hon, Droppo J, Boulis C, Ye-Yi Wang, Jacoby D, Mahajan M, Chelba C, Huang X. Distributed speech processing in miPad's multimodal user interface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1109/tsa.2002.804538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ozelius LJ, Hewett JW, Page CE, Bressman SB, Kramer PL, Shalish C, de Leon D, Brin MF, Raymond D, Jacoby D, Penney J, Risch NJ, Fahn S, Gusella JF, Breakefield XO. The gene (DYT1) for early-onset torsion dystonia encodes a novel protein related to the Clp protease/heat shock family. Adv Neurol 1998; 78:93-105. [PMID: 9750906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L J Ozelius
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown 02129, USA
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Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells can be differentiated in vitro into near homogeneous populations of both neurons and skeletal muscle as well as other cell types. We previously showed that treatment of pluripotent ES cells with retinoic acid (RA) induced differentiation into highly enriched populations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) expressing neurons. The reasons for generation of only GABA neurons as opposed to other neuronal cell types were not known. We have extended our previous work and now show that with RA induction of ES cells we not only obtain GABA neurons, but also dopaminergic neurons. Critical for the production of dopaminergic neurons after RA induction was the post-induction plating conditions used. No dopaminergic neurons were detected if cells were plated in serum-free media optimized for neuronal survival. However, significant numbers of dopamine neurons could be detected when cells were plated in media containing fetal calf serum. These observations support the conclusion that RA acts as a general neural inducing agent and that conditions post-induction either selectively support survival of a particular class of neuronal cells or that the conditions post-induction actually further instruct cells to differentiate into different types of neurons.
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Fryer A, Huang YC, Rao G, Jacoby D, Mancilla E, Whorton R, Piantadosi CA, Kennedy T, Hoidal J. Selective O-desulfation produces nonanticoagulant heparin that retains pharmacological activity in the lung. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997; 282:208-19. [PMID: 9223556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin has potential use as an antiinflammatory treatment in many lung diseases but its therapeutic use is limited by inherent anticoagulant activity. The anticoagulant nature of heparin can be eliminated by a number of chemical treatments, but often not without loss of other important pharmacological activities. Lyophilization of porcine mucosal heparin under extreme alkaline conditions (pH > or = 13) produces a nonanticoagulant heparin remarkable for the selective loss of only 2-O and 3-O sulfates, leaving 6-O and N-sulfates intact. In contrast to the commonly used nonanticoagulant analog N-desulfated, N-reacetylated heparin, selectively O-desulfated heparin retains potent activity as an inhibitor of the cationic neutrophil proteases human leukocyte elastase and cathepsin G, both in vitro and in vivo. Selectively O-desulfated heparin also inhibits complement lysis of erythrocytes, prevents ischemia-reperfusion injury of the lung, remains a potent antiproliferative treatment for cultured airway smooth muscle and normalizes altered neuronal M2 muscarinic receptor sensitivity and bronchial hyperreactivity after antigen challenge. These retained pharmacologic properties suggest possible use of this new nonanticoagulant heparin for the treatment of a variety of lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fryer
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Borriello F, Sethna MP, Boyd SD, Schweitzer AN, Tivol EA, Jacoby D, Strom TB, Simpson EM, Freeman GJ, Sharpe AH. B7-1 and B7-2 have overlapping, critical roles in immunoglobulin class switching and germinal center formation. Immunity 1997; 6:303-13. [PMID: 9075931 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Humoral immune responses were characterized in mouse strains lacking either or both B7 molecules. Mice deficient in both B7-1 and B7-2 failed to generate antigen-specific IgG1 and IgG2a responses and lacked germinal centers when immunized by a number of routes and even in the presence of complete Freund's adjuvant. These results demonstrate that B7-mediated signaling plays a critical role in germinal center formation and immunoglobulin class switching in vivo. Mice lacking only B7-1 or B7-2 mounted high-titer antigen-specific IgG responses when immunized in complete Freund's adjuvant, indicating that B7-1 and B7-2 can have overlapping, compensatory functions for IgG responses. When immunized intravenously without adjuvant, B7-2-deficient mice failed to switch antibody isotypes or form germinal centers, whereas B7-1-deficient mice gave antibody responses comparable with wild-type mice. Thus, B7-2 has an important role in initiating antibody responses in the absence of adjuvant, but the induction of B7-1 by adjuvant in B7-2-deficient mice can compensate for the absence of B7-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Borriello
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Johnston KM, Jacoby D, Pechan PA, Fraefel C, Borghesani P, Schuback D, Dunn RJ, Smith FI, Breakefield XO. HSV/AAV hybrid amplicon vectors extend transgene expression in human glioma cells. Hum Gene Ther 1997; 8:359-70. [PMID: 9048203 DOI: 10.1089/hum.1997.8.3-359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel hybrid vectors, which incorporate critical elements of both herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) amplicon vectors and adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors, are able to sustain transgene expression in dividing glioma cells for over 2 weeks. These vectors combine the high infectibility and large transgene capacity of HSV-1 vectors with the potential for episomal amplification and chromosomal integration of AAV vectors. The hybrid vectors contain the HSV-1 origin of DNA replication, oriS, and the DNA cleavage/packaging signal, pac, which allow amplicon replication and packaging in HSV-1 virions. The lacZ reporter gene under control of the CMV IE1 promoter is flanked by AAV inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequences, which facilitate replication and genomic integration of this cassette in the host cell nucleus. Constructs were generated with or without the AAV rep gene (rep+ and rep-) to assess its importance in extending transgene expression. Expression of Rep proteins was confirmed by Western blot analysis. An HSV-1 amplicon construct containing the reporter gene, but no AAV sequences, was used as a control. Constructs were packaged into HSV-1 virions with or without helper virus and these vector stocks were used to infect human U87 glioma cells in culture. The hybrid vectors supported transgene retention and expression for over 2 weeks, whereas the control amplicon vector lost the transgene after 10 days. Expression was somewhat longer for the rep+ as compared to the rep- hybrid vectors. Toxicity due to the HSV-1 helper virus was eliminated using helper virus-free amplicon vector stocks. Transgene constructs could also be packaged in AAV virions, using AAV and adenovirus or HSV-1 helper functions. These HSV/AAV hybrid vectors should allow long-term, nontoxic gene delivery of DNA constructs to both dividing and nondividing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Johnston
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gonzalez-Scarano
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6076
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Jacoby D, Célérier JP, Petit H, Lhommet G. Synthesis of 1-Acyl-2-alkylcyclopropanecarboxylic Esters from 2-Alkenylphosphonium Salts. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 1990. [DOI: 10.1055/s-1990-26858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Celerier J, Haddad M, Jacoby D, Lhommet G. Heterocyclization of primary amines with highly activated cyclopropanes: a new route to isoretronecanol. Tetrahedron Lett 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)96923-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Grilly DM, Johnson SK, Minardo R, Jacoby D, LaRiccia J. How do tranquilizing agents selectively inhibit conditioned avoidance responding? Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1984; 84:262-7. [PMID: 6438687 DOI: 10.1007/bf00427456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A number of tranquilizing agents have been shown to inhibit conditioned avoidance responses (CAR) at doses that do not interfere with escape responses (ER). To test the hypothesis that this selective action may be due to differential response strengths of the two responses, rats were trained to press retractable levers in an operant chamber either to avoid a 0.5 mA shock during a 5.0-s warning period or to escape from a low-intensity shock within 5.0 s. The intensity of the latter shock was adjusted for each animal so that CAR and ER were comparable in terms of probability of occurrence and latency. While doses of chlorpromazine, clonidine, diazepam, and morphine that reduced CAR by 30%-50% did not significantly affect high-shock ER, i.e., ER on CAR trials where no CAR occurred, they interfered with low-shock ER to the same degree as CAR. These and other results suggest that the selective blockade of the CAR by these drugs in the CAR paradigm is primarily due to differential strengths of the CAR and ER. They also support studies concluding that tranquilizing drugs reduce avoidance because of a deficit in the ability to initiate motor responses, rather than interfering with associative processes or reducing situation-induced emotional reactions. However, the finding of a small differential effect, at least with chlorpromazine, on CAR and low-shock ER across trials within sessions indicated that different mechanisms may be involved in the suppression of these two responses.
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