1
|
Park PKJ, Jun SB, Kim H, Jung DK, Lee WR, Chung YC. Reduction of polarization-induced performance degradation in WDM PON utilizing MQW-SLD-based broadband source. Opt Express 2007; 15:14228-14233. [PMID: 19550697 DOI: 10.1364/oe.15.014228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report on the reduction of polarization-induced performance degradation in WDM PON utilizing MQW-SLD-based ASE source for injection locking to FPLD. The results show that, to suppress the polarization-induced Q penalty sufficiently less than 0.5 dB, the MQW-SLD output should be depolarized within the locking range of the wavelength-locked FPLD.
Collapse
|
2
|
Yu XF, Jin XJ, Choi DS, Jung DK, Choi BH, Cho SG, Kong IK. 232 SERUM-FREE DERIVATION OF CAT EMBRYONIC STEM-LIKE CELLS DERIVED FROM IN VIVO-PRODUCED BLASTOCYSTS ON CAT EMBRYONIC FIBROBLAST FEEDERS. Reprod Fertil Dev 2007. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv19n1ab232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal bovine serum (FBS) has usually been used as a component of the medium for the culture of embryonic stem (ES) cells. However, FBS contains undefined factors, which promote cell proliferation and occasionally stimulate differentiation of ES cells. To establish an effective culture system for the derivation and maintenance of cat ES cells, we compared the effects of KnockoutTM Serum Replacement (Invitrogen, Seoul, South Korea)-supplemented medium (KSR-medium) and FBS-supplemented medium (FBS-medium) on the attachment and formation of primary ES-like cell colonies of isolated inner cell mass (ICM) derived from in vivo-produced blastocysts on mitotically inactivated cat embryonic fibroblast (CEF) feeders. An inseminated domestic female cat underwent ovariohysterectomy at Day 7 post-insemination, after which blastocysts were flushed from the uterine horns. Inner cell mass (ICM) was mechanically isolated from the in vivo-matured blastocysts (n = 22) and cultured in KSR-medium or FBS-medium on a CEF feeder layer at 39�C, 5% CO2 in air. KSR-medium or FBS-medium consisted of knockoutTM DMEM supplemented with 20% KSR or FBS, 100 IU mL-1 penicillin/streptomycin, 2 mM l-glutamine, 1� MEM non-essential amino acids, 100 �M �-mercaptoethanol, and 1000 IU mL-1 recombinant mouse LIF. The results indicate that incidence of primary ICM attachment (91.6 � 14.4 vs. 55.5 � 9.6% in KSR- and FBS-medium, respectively; P < 0.05) and ES-like cell colony formation (63.8 � 12.7 vs. 27.7 � 4.8% in KSR- and FBS-medium, respectively; P < 0.05) is significantly affected by the ES cell culture medium. However, cat ES-like cells in KSR-medium did not actively proliferate in the primary culture. The number of cat ES-like cells in a colony after 5 days of culture was significantly higher in FBS-medium than in KSR-medium (749 � 82 vs. 383 � 55% in FBS- and KSR-medium, respectively; P < 0.05). A total of 10 ES-like cell colonies were formed in KSR-medium (n = 7) and FBS-medium (n = 3), and these expressed high levels of alkaline phosphatase activity (AP). Immunostaining analysis was positive for the ES cell-markers, Oct-4 and SSEA-3. To our knowledge, this is the first reported isolation of cat ES-like cells on CEF feeders in the absence of serum. A culture system of embryo-derived stem cells using serum-free medium may make it possible to directly examine the effects of factors added to culture medium on isolation and maintenance of cat ES cell lines in vitro.
This work was supported by KOSEF (grant # M105250100 01-05N2501-00110).
Collapse
|
3
|
|
4
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the characteristics of cardioembolic small (maximum lesion diameter<1.5 cm) subcortical infarcts (SSI) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS Twenty seven patients with chronic AF and an isolated SSI established by CT/MRI in the anterior circulation (SSI-AF group) were evaluated and their characteristics compared with those of 45 age matched (+/-1 year) patients with SSI, but no arterial or cardiac embolic source (SSI-control group). Using the criterion of the presence or absence of established risk factors (hypertension or diabetes mellitus) for small artery disease (SAD), the SSI-AF group we also subdivided into two groups, SSI-AF-SAD+ (n=22) and SSI-AF-SAD- (n=5) and their characteristics compared. RESULTS Although the lack of any significant difference in the distribution of hypertension and diabetes mellitus between the SSI-AF and SSI-control groups emphasises SAD as a common cause of infarct in SSI-AF, the presence of AF-together with the higher frequency of neuropsychological disturbances in the SSI-AF group versus the SSI-control group (15% v 2%; p=0.066)-favours cardioembolism as a potential cause of infarct in several patients. The characteristic factors seen more often in the SSI-AF-SAD- group compared with the SSI-AF-SAD+ group were secondary haemorrhagic transformation, faciobrachial pure motor weakness, subinsular involvement, and better recovery of neurological deficits. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that either SAD or cardioembolism can be the cause of SSI in patients with AF. Atrial fibrillation is not always coincidental in patients with SSI and a clinical lacunar stroke. Certain clinical and radiological findings may be useful in differentiating cardioembolism from SAD in patients with SSI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D K Jung
- Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cals N, Devuyst G, Jung DK, Afsar N, De Freitas G, Despland PA, Bogousslavsky J. Uncommon ultrasound findings in traumatic extracranial vertebral artery dissection. Eur J Ultrasound 2001; 12:227-31. [PMID: 11423247 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-8266(00)00114-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of internal carotid artery dissection (ICAD) associated with contralateral vertebral artery dissection (VAD). The interest of this case is to discuss an unusual Doppler pattern manifesting by a spectrum of an alternating vertebral artery flow suggesting a hemodynamic contribution from the contralateral vertebral artery (VA) and a clear depiction of both antegrade (red) and retrograde (blue) flow within the false and true lumen of the VAD by color Duplex flow imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Cals
- Department of Neurology, Hopital Universitaire Vaudois, CHUV, BH 07, 46 Rue du Bugnon, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wood E, Crosby RM, Dickerson S, Frye SV, Griffin R, Hunter R, Jung DK, McDonald OB, McNutt R, Mahony WB, Peel MR, Ray J, Lackey K. A prodrug approach to the design of cRaf1 kinase inhibitors with improved cellular activity. Anticancer Drug Des 2001; 16:1-6. [PMID: 11762640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Earlier we reported potent cRaf1 kinase inhibitors with a key acidic phenol pharmacophore that had, at best, adequate cellular efficacy. To improve the cellular potency, phenol isosteres and prodrugs were investigated. Many phenol isosteres were synthesized and tested, but failed to provide adequate enzyme potency. A prodrug approach resulted in a 2- to 17-fold improvement over the parent compound in cell-based efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Wood
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jung DK, Klaus T, Fent K. Cytochrome P450 induction by nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, azaarenes, and binary mixtures in fish hepatoma cell line PLHC-1. Environ Toxicol Chem 2001. [PMID: 11351403 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5620200117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) and N-heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (azaarenes) are as ubiquitous in the environment as their parent PAH compounds, although occurring at lower concentrations. The toxicological importance of NPAHs and azaarenes is based on their mutagenic and carcinogenic potential. Azaarenes possess a higher solubility and mobility in the environment than PAHs. However, very little is known about the toxicity and cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A induction potencies of NPAHs and azaarenes in fish. Here we report on the cytotoxicities and relative CYP1A induction potencies of 12 NPAHs, 12 azaarenes, and 11 PAHs, determined as neutral red uptake and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, respectively, in fish hepatoma PLHC-1 cells. Additionally, CYP1A enzyme protein was determined by ELISA for two NPAHs, azaarenes, PAHs, and binary mixtures. Compared with the structurally analogous PAHs, 2-nitronaphthalene, 3-nitrofluoranthene, 2-aza- and 7-azafluoranthene, 1,6-dinitropyrene, benzo[a]acridine and benzo[h]quinoline revealed higher induction potencies, whereas the other compounds showed similar or less activity. The induction potency was highly dependent on the compounds structural properties, reflected by significant correlations between the half-maximal EROD induction (-log EC50) and the molecular descriptors lipophilicity (log Kow) and maximal molecular length (Lmax). Binary mixtures of 6-nitrochrysene + benzo[a]anthracene, 6-nitrochrysene + benzo[a]acridine, and benzo[a]acridine + benzo[a]anthracene showed an additive interaction. The CYP1A induction potencies of NPAHs and azaarenes, demonstrated here for the first time in fish hepatoma cells, suggest that their contribution to the overall CYP1A induction potencies in PAH-contaminated environmental samples have to be taken into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D K Jung
- Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (EAWAG) and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Uberlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lackey K, Cory M, Davis R, Frye SV, Harris PA, Hunter RN, Jung DK, McDonald OB, McNutt RW, Peel MR, Rutkowske RD, Veal JM, Wood ER. The discovery of potent cRaf1 kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:223-6. [PMID: 10698440 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of benzylidene-1H-indol-2-one (oxindole) derivatives was synthesized and evaluated as cRaf-1 kinase inhibitors. The key features of the molecules were the donor/acceptor motif common to kinase inhibitors and a critical acidic phenol flanked by two substitutions. Diverse 5-position substitutions provided compounds with low nanomolar kinase enzyme inhibition and inhibited the intracellular MAPK pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Lackey
- Glaxo Wellcome, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Samano V, Ray JA, Thompson JB, Mook RA, Jung DK, Koble CS, Martin MT, Bigham EC, Regitz CS, Feldman PL, Boros EE. Synthesis of ultra-short-acting neuromuscular blocker GW 0430: a remarkably stereo- and regioselective synthesis of mixed tetrahydroisoquinolinium chlorofumarates. Org Lett 1999; 1:1993-6. [PMID: 10836056 DOI: 10.1021/ol9911573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[formula: see text] The stereo- and regioselective synthesis of ultra-short-acting nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocker GW 0430 (5a) is described. Key steps involved the enantioselective transfer hydrogenation of imine 8 employing Noyori's catalyst, the stereoselective crystallization and methanolysis of trans-bataines 11 and 12, and the stereo- and regioselective trans elimination of hydrogen chloride from 14. The latter transformation allowed complete control of the position of the chloro substituent and stereochemistry at the double bond of the linker in 15.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Samano
- Department of Chemistry, Glaxo Wellcome Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim YK, Kim TI, Jung DK, Jung JS, Lee SH. Inhibition of H+/organic cation antiport by carboxyl reagents in rabbit renal brush-border membrane vesicles. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1993; 266:500-5. [PMID: 8394906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The inactivation of the renal H+/organic cation antiporter by the covalent carboxyl reagent N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) was studied by measuring tetraethylammonium (TEA) uptake in brush border membrane vesicles isolated from rabbit renal cortex. Pretreatment of membrane vesicles with DCCD resulted in an irreversible inhibition of H+ gradient-dependent TEA uptake in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 of 10 microM. The inhibition was not due to the disruption of the vesicles or a faster collapse of an imposed H+ gradient. The transport system was significantly protected from DCCD inhibition by substrates, TEA, choline and amiloride, but not by N1-methylnicotinamide. Kinetic analysis indicated that the inhibition by DCCD was due to an increase in Km and a decrease in Vmax. The hydrophilic carbodiimides, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide and 1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)-carbodiimide and another carboxyl reagent N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline also inhibited the H(+)-dependent TEA uptake with a lower potency than did DCCD. These results suggest that carboxyl groups are essential for the H+/organic cation antiport and that they may be located at or near the substrate (organic cation) binding sites of the transporter in rabbit brush border membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y K Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim YK, Jung DK, Jung JS, Lee SH. Urate excretion by the cat kidney. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 1992; 102:735-9. [PMID: 1355039 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(92)90733-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
1. The renal handling of urate by the cat kidney was investigated during continuous infusion of urate. 2. Fractional urate excretion (FE(UA)) in cats was 0.57 +/- 0.04, indicating net reabsorption of urate. In contrast, FE(UA) in rabbits was 1.76 +/- 0.08, reflecting net secretion of urate. 3. Fractional PAH excretion (FE(PAH)) was 3.94 +/- 0.26 in cats and 4.12 +/- 0.76 in rabbits, showing net secretion in both species. 4. FE(UA) in cats was dependent on urine flow, but was independent of plasma urate concentration. 5. The urate excretion in cats was enhanced by probenecid, but was insensitive to PAH and PZA. 6. The PAH excretion in cats was reduced by probenecid, but was unaltered by urate and PZA. 7. These results indicate that urate is handled in the cat kidney by a unique transport system which is distinct from that for organic anions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y K Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jung JS, Hwang TH, Jung DK, Kim YK, Lee SH. AlF4- and vanadate stimulate chloride secretion in rabbit colon by a Ca(2+)-dependent mechanism. Pflugers Arch 1992; 420:515-21. [PMID: 1614825 DOI: 10.1007/bf00374627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Stripped rabbit descending colon mucosae were studied in vitro in modified Ussing chambers to determine the effects of AlF4- and vanadate on Cl- transport. Serosal additions of AlF4- and vanadate increase short circuit current (Isc) and tissue conductance, while luminal addition of the agents is ineffective. Addition of aluminium potentiates the effect of NaF on Isc. AlF4- and vanadate increase serosal-to-mucosal flux of 36Cl without affecting mucosal-to-serosal flux. The effects of these agents on Isc are markedly inhibited by serosal addition of bumetanide and depend on the presence of Na+ in the serosal bathing solution. The effects of AlF4- and vanadate on Isc are dependent on the presence of Ca2+ in the bathing solution, and are completely inhibited by indomethacin, but the effect of forskolin is not affected by the removal of Ca2+ from the bathing solution and the addition of indomethacin. AlF4- and vanadate significantly increase the level of inositol phosphate metabolites. The results indicate that AlF4- and vanadate increase Cl- secretion in the rabbit colon via an increase in prostaglandin synthesis which is mediated by the increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Jung
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|