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Levis C, Costa FRC, Bongers F, Peña-Claros M, Clement CR, Junqueira AB, Neves EG, Tamanaha EK, Figueiredo FOG, Salomão RP, Castilho CV, Magnusson WE, Phillips OL, Guevara JE, Sabatier D, Molino JF, López DC, Mendoza AM, Pitman NCA, Duque A, Vargas PN, Zartman CE, Vasquez R, Andrade A, Camargo JL, Feldpausch TR, Laurance SGW, Laurance WF, Killeen TJ, Nascimento HEM, Montero JC, Mostacedo B, Amaral IL, Guimarães Vieira IC, Brienen R, Castellanos H, Terborgh J, Carim MDJV, Guimarães JRDS, Coelho LDS, Matos FDDA, Wittmann F, Mogollón HF, Damasco G, Dávila N, García-Villacorta R, Coronado ENH, Emilio T, Filho DDAL, Schietti J, Souza P, Targhetta N, Comiskey JA, Marimon BS, Marimon BH, Neill D, Alonso A, Arroyo L, Carvalho FA, de Souza FC, Dallmeier F, Pansonato MP, Duivenvoorden JF, Fine PVA, Stevenson PR, Araujo-Murakami A, Aymard C. GA, Baraloto C, do Amaral DD, Engel J, Henkel TW, Maas P, Petronelli P, Revilla JDC, Stropp J, Daly D, Gribel R, Paredes MR, Silveira M, Thomas-Caesar R, Baker TR, da Silva NF, Ferreira LV, Peres CA, Silman MR, Cerón C, Valverde FC, Di Fiore A, Jimenez EM, Mora MCP, Toledo M, Barbosa EM, Bonates LCDM, Arboleda NC, Farias EDS, Fuentes A, Guillaumet JL, Jørgensen PM, Malhi Y, de Andrade Miranda IP, Phillips JF, Prieto A, Rudas A, Ruschel AR, Silva N, von Hildebrand P, Vos VA, Zent EL, Zent S, Cintra BBL, Nascimento MT, Oliveira AA, Ramirez-Angulo H, Ramos JF, Rivas G, Schöngart J, Sierra R, Tirado M, van der Heijden G, Torre EV, Wang O, Young KR, Baider C, Cano A, Farfan-Rios W, Ferreira C, Hoffman B, Mendoza C, Mesones I, Torres-Lezama A, Medina MNU, van Andel TR, Villarroel D, Zagt R, Alexiades MN, Balslev H, Garcia-Cabrera K, Gonzales T, Hernandez L, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Manzatto AG, Milliken W, Cuenca WP, Pansini S, Pauletto D, Arevalo FR, Reis NFC, Sampaio AF, Giraldo LEU, Sandoval EHV, Gamarra LV, Vela CIA, ter Steege H. Persistent effects of pre-Columbian plant domestication on Amazonian forest composition. Science 2017; 355:925-931. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aal0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Horgan P, Huhn L, Atkinson D, Chand S, Shabir S, Krishnan H, Robinson K, Williams A, Ball S, Neill D, Skordilis K, Vydianath B, Briggs D, McCloskey M, Borrows R. Interstitial Fibrosis and Tubular Atrophy (IFTA), Antibody Mediated Rejection (ABMR) and Recurrent Disease as the Major Causes of Late Renal Allograft Loss. Transplantation 2014. [DOI: 10.1097/00007890-201407151-01571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Arthur CHC, Wood AM, Neill D, Porter D. The 'tobruk method'--a useful tool in treating femoral shaft fractures in children. J R Nav Med Serv 2013; 99:57. [PMID: 24079204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C H C Arthur
- Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, 9 Sciennes Road, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH9 1LF
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Saint G, Neill D, Fothergill J, Broughton C, Southern K, Winstanley C, Kadioglu A, McNamara P, Flanagan B. WS17.9 The B lymphocyte differentiation factor, BAFF, is expressed in the lung of cystic fibrosis patients and in a mouse model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. J Cyst Fibros 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(12)60127-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wagner MM, Tsui FC, Espino J, Hogan W, Hutman J, Hersh J, Neill D, Moore A, Parks G, Lewis C, Aller R. National Retail Data Monitor for public health surveillance. MMWR Suppl 2004; 53:40-2. [PMID: 15714625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The National Retail Data Monitor (NRDM) is a public health surveillance tool that collects and analyzes daily sales data for over-the-counter (OTC) health-care products. NRDM collects sales data for selected OTC health-care products in near real time from >15,000 retail stores and makes them available to public health officials. NRDM is one of the first examples of a national data utility for public health surveillance that collects, redistributes, and analyzes daily sales-volume data of selected health-care products, thereby reducing the effort for both data providers and health departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Wagner
- Real-Time Outbreak and Disease Surveillance Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Suite 500, Cellomics Building, 500 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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Ballard C, O'Brien J, Morris CM, Barber R, Swann A, Neill D, McKeith I. The progression of cognitive impairment in dementia with Lewy bodies, vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2001; 16:499-503. [PMID: 11376466 DOI: 10.1002/gps.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the rate of progression or associations of cognitive impairment in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), or the associations of accelerated decline. METHOD Dementia patients from a case register were evaluated at baseline and 1 year follow-up using the Cambridge Assessment for Mental Disorders in the Elderly, section B (CAMCOG) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) to determine the rate of cognitive decline. Operationalized clinical diagnoses were applied (NINCDS ADRDA for Alzheimer's disease (AD), NINCDS AIRENS for vascular dementia (VaD) and consensus criteria for DLB). RESULTS One hundred and ninety-three patients completed annual MMSE schedules (AD, 101; DLB, 64; VaD, 38), of whom 154 completed the CAMCOG. The magnitude of cognitive decline (MMSE, 4-5 points; CAMCOG, 12-14 points) was similar in each of the dementias. The strongest predictor of accelerated cognitive decline in DLB was the apolipoprotein E4 allele (17.5 vs 8.3 points decline on the CAMCOG). CONCLUSION Over 1 year, DLB, VaD and AD patients had similar rates of cognitive decline overall. Apolipoprotein E4 may be an important predictor of more rapid decline in DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ballard
- Reader in Old Age Psychiatry, University of Newcastle, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Neill D, Hughes D, Leake A, Morris C, Jones D, Oakley A, Edwardson J, Estibeiro P. Neuritogenic-neurotoxic effects of membrane-associated forms of amyloid precursor protein. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2001; 12:40-51. [PMID: 11125240 DOI: 10.1159/000051234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane-bound glycoprotein, amyloid precursor protein (APP), plays a central role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present paper investigates the neuritogenic-neurotoxic properties of this protein and relates them to possible aetiopathological mechanisms in AD. Marked differences in neuritic differentiation were detected when comparing untransfected tetraploid mouse neuroblastoma cells (or vector only cells) with transfected cells overexpressing APP(751). Transfected cells developed neurites quicker, and whereas all transfected cells differentiated, the degree of differentiation of untransfected cells was more variable. Fully differentiated transfected and untransfected cells had marked differences in neuritic morphology. Transfected cells had more neurites per cell, these being shorter and more branched than neurites on untransfected cells. The precocious differentiation of transfected cells was not maintained with neuritic process disintegration and cell death occurring from the seventh day onwards. Untransfected cells continued to extend their neuritic processes for up to five weeks. Membrane-associated forms of APP were responsible for these effects, rather than secreted APP or the beta/A4-peptide. Combined data from Western blot and immunocytochemical procedures showed a prominent accumulation of APP-C-terminal fragments in the perinuclear region, neuritic varicosities and growth cones of transfected cells, suggesting their involvement in the neuritogenic-neurotoxic process. Similar neuritogenic-neurotoxic mechanisms occurring in vivo, in association with compensatory synaptoplastic responses in the aged brain, may be part of the pathological process in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Neill
- Institute for the Health of the Elderly, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Ballard CG, O'Brien JT, Swann AG, Thompson P, Neill D, McKeith IG. The natural history of psychosis and depression in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease: persistence and new cases over 1 year of follow-up. J Clin Psychiatry 2001; 62:46-9. [PMID: 11235928 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.v62n0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few data are available regarding the natural course of psychiatric symptoms in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease. To acquire this information is essential to inform differential diagnosis and treatment decisions. METHOD The current study provides prospective data regarding a representative case-register cohort of patients with operationalized clinical diagnoses of dementia with Lewy bodies (N = 82) or Alzheimer's disease (N = 132), with verified accuracy of clinical diagnosis against postmortem examination. Psychosis (Columbia University Scale for Psychopathology in Alzheimer's Disease) and depression (Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia) were assessed at baseline and annual follow-up. RESULTS Visual hallucinations were significantly more likely to be persistent in patients suffering from dementia with Lewy bodies (chi2 = 19.1, df = 1, p < .0001). Although a number of other psychiatric symptoms were also more frequent at baseline in dementia with Lewy body patients, they were not significantly more likely to persist. Delusions and auditory hallucinations did, however, persist in more than 40% of patients across both diagnostic groups. Patients suffering from dementia with Lewy bodies were significantly more likely to develop new auditory hallucinations over the year of follow-up (chi2 = 14.4, df= 1, p < .0001). CONCLUSION These results confirm that, although a number of psychiatric symptoms are common in dementia with Lewy bodies, it is only visual hallucinations that are significantly more persistent, with important treatment implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Ballard
- Medical Research Council, Neurochemical Pathology Unit, Newcastle Upon Tyne, England.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about psychiatric symptoms in Vascular dementia (VaD). METHOD 92 patients with VaD, and 92 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are reported. The evaluation included standardised measures of mood and psychosis. RESULTS 72% of VaD patients and 38% of those with AD had two or more anxiety symptoms. VaD patients with severe dementia (94%) were the most likely to be anxious. Depression was also significantly more common in VaD patients (19% vs. 8%) whereas psychotic symptoms were prevalent in both dementias. CONCLUSION Psychiatric symptoms are common in VaD, especially in patients with moderate or severe dementia. Rigorous assessment of psychiatric symptoms in VaD should be part of good clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ballard
- MRC Neurochemical Pathology Unit, Newcastle General Hospital, Westgate Road, NE4 6BE, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Ballard C, O'Brien J, Swann A, Neill D, Lantos P, Holmes C, Burn D, Ince P, Perry R, McKeith I. One year follow-up of parkinsonism in dementia with Lewy bodies. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2000; 11:219-22. [PMID: 10867448 DOI: 10.1159/000017240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of parkinsonism over 1 year was evaluated in a prospective cohort of patients (n = 338), suffering from dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), Alzheimer's disease (AD) or vascular dementia (VaD). Parkinsonism was assessed using the modified Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Significant parkinsonism was significantly commoner in DLB sufferers (71%) than amongst patients with AD (7%) or VaD (10%). DLB patients with established parkinsonism had an annual increase in severity of 9%, but progression was more rapid (49% in 1 year) in patients with early parkinsonism. Parkinsonism was frequent at all severities in DLB patients, but usually only present in other dementias when MMSE <10.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ballard
- MRC Neurochemical Pathology Unit, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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McKeith IG, Ballard CG, Perry RH, Ince PG, O'Brien JT, Neill D, Lowery K, Jaros E, Barber R, Thompson P, Swann A, Fairbairn AF, Perry EK. Prospective validation of consensus criteria for the diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurology 2000; 54:1050-8. [PMID: 10720273 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.54.5.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the validity of a clinical diagnosis of probable or possible dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) made using International Consensus criteria. BACKGROUND Validation studies based on retrospective chart reviews of autopsy-confirmed cases have suggested that diagnostic specificity for DLB is acceptable but case detection rates as low as 0.22 have been suggested. METHODS We evaluated the first 50 cases reaching neuropathologic autopsy in a cohort to which Consensus clinical diagnostic criteria for DLB, National Institute for Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria for AD, and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke-Association Internationale pour la Recherche et l'Enseignement en Neurosciences criteria for vascular dementia (VaD) had been prospectively applied. RESULTS Twenty-six clinical diagnoses of DLB, 19 of AD, and 5 of VaD were made. At autopsy, 29 DLB cases, 15 AD, 5 VaD, and 1 progressive supranuclear palsy were identified. The sensitivity and specificity of a clinical diagnosis of probable DLB in this sample were 0.83 and 0.95. Of the five cases receiving a false-negative diagnosis of DLB, significant fluctuation was present in four but visual hallucinations and spontaneous motor features of parkinsonism were generally absent. Thirty-one percent of the DLB cases had additional vascular pathology and in two cases this contributed to a misdiagnosis of VaD. No correlations were found between the distribution of Lewy bodies and clinical features. CONCLUSION The Consensus criteria for DLB performed as well in this prospective study as those for AD and VaD, with a diagnostic sensitivity substantially higher than that reported by previous retrospective studies. DLB occurs in the absence of extrapyramidal features and in the presence of comorbid cerebrovascular disease. Fluctuation is an important diagnostic indicator, reliable measures of which need to be developed further.
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Affiliation(s)
- I G McKeith
- Institute for the Health of the Elderly, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Tunstall N, Owen MJ, Williams J, Rice F, Carty S, Lillystone S, Fraser L, Kehoe P, Neill D, Rudrasingham V, Sham P, Lovestone S. Familial influence on variation in age of onset and behavioural phenotype in Alzheimer's disease. Br J Psychiatry 2000; 176:156-9. [PMID: 10755053 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.176.2.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease manifests considerable heterogeneity, the cause of which is unknown. AIMS To determine the familial (genotypic) influence on phenomenology (phenotype) in Alzheimer's disease. METHOD Affected sibling pairs with Alzheimer's disease were assessed for a range of cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms. Resemblance for phenotypic characteristics was estimated using intraclass correlations for continuous traits and by pairwise concordance for dichotomous traits. The relationship between age of onset and APOE genotype was examined using linear regression analysis. RESULTS Significant familial effects on age of onset (intraclass correlation 0.41) and mood state (intraclass correlation 0.26), and a relatively high pairwise concordance for agitation (excess concordance 0.1) were found. The APOE locus was found to account for 4% of the variance in age of onset. CONCLUSIONS Substantial familial influence on age of onset, depression and agitation suggests that genotype does influence phenotype in Alzheimer's disease. Establishing the molecular basis for this phenotypic variation may prove relevant to other neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tunstall
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, London
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Neill D, Curran MD, Middleton D, Mawhinney H, Edwardson JA, McKeith I, Ballard C, Morris C, Ince P, Jaros E, Perry R. Risk for Alzheimer's disease in older late-onset cases is associated with HLA-DRB1*03. Neurosci Lett 1999; 275:137-40. [PMID: 10568518 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00761-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The allele frequency of the HLA-DRB1 gene was compared between groups of 48 clinically diagnosed elderly Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases and 44 pathologically confirmed elderly control cases. Specific primers were used to PCR amplify the highly polymorphic second exon of HLA-DRB1 using DNA extracted from blood samples or frozen brain tissue. The allele type was identified using sequence specific oligonucleotide probes. The results showed an increased frequency of DRB1*03 (P < 0.006) and decreased frequency of DRB1*09 (P < 0.049) in the AD cases compared with the controls. The results suggest that DRB1*03 is associated with an increased risk and DRB1*09 a possible decreased risk for the development of late-onset AD with first detectable clinical symptoms occurring at age 75 years or greater.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Neill
- Institute For The Health Of The Elderly, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Ballard C, Holmes C, McKeith I, Neill D, O'Brien J, Cairns N, Lantos P, Perry E, Ince P, Perry R. Psychiatric morbidity in dementia with Lewy bodies: a prospective clinical and neuropathological comparative study with Alzheimer's disease. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156:1039-45. [PMID: 10401449 DOI: 10.1176/ajp.156.7.1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The literature reports considerable variation in the rates of psychiatric morbidity for patients with dementia with Lewy bodies. The authors intended to clarify the frequency of psychiatric morbidity in dementia with Lewy bodies and how it differs from probable Alzheimer's disease. METHOD The study incorporated two groups--a clinical case register cohort (98 with dementia with Lewy bodies; 92 with Alzheimer's disease) and 80 (40 with dementia with Lewy bodies: 40 with Alzheimer's disease) prospectively studied, neuropathologically confirmed cases. Diagnoses were made by using the McKeith et al. consensus criteria for dementia with Lewy bodies and the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria for Alzheimer's disease. Neuropathological diagnoses were made by using the consensus criteria for dementia with Lewy bodies and the Mirra et al. protocol for Alzheimer's disease. RESULTS The occurrence of psychiatric symptoms was reported over 1 month. Hallucinations, depression, delusions, and delusional misidentification were all significantly higher for patients with dementia with Lewy bodies. The differences in frequency between dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease for auditory and visual hallucinations were especially pronounced for patients with mild cognitive impairment. The presence of psychiatric symptoms at presentation was a better discriminator between dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease than occurrence over the course of dementia. CONCLUSIONS Delusional misidentification and hallucinations in the early stages of dementia may improve differentiation between patients with dementia with Lewy bodies and those with Alzheimer's disease and have important treatment implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ballard
- Medical Research Council Neurochemical Pathology Unit, Newcastle General Hospital, U.K.
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Middleton D, Mawhinney H, Curran MD, Edwardson JA, Perry R, McKeith I, Morris C, Ince PG, Neill D. Frequency of HLA-A and B alleles in early and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 1999; 262:140-2. [PMID: 10203251 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The frequency of various allele types of the class I Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes HLA-A and HLA-B were compared between pathologically confirmed groups of late and early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and a control group. DNA was extracted from frozen brain tissue and the highly polymorphic second and third exons of the HLA-A and HLA-B genes were independently PCR amplified using specific primers. Individual allele types were identified using sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes. The results showed that the main frequency differences occurred between the late-onset AD and the control group however none of these reached statistical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Middleton
- Northern Ireland Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Belfast City Hospital, UK
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El-Agnaf OM, Jakes R, Curran MD, Middleton D, Ingenito R, Bianchi E, Pessi A, Neill D, Wallace A. Aggregates from mutant and wild-type alpha-synuclein proteins and NAC peptide induce apoptotic cell death in human neuroblastoma cells by formation of beta-sheet and amyloid-like filaments. FEBS Lett 1998; 440:71-5. [PMID: 9862428 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(98)01418-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) protein and a fragment of it, called NAC, have been found in association with the pathological lesions of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, mutations in the alpha-syn gene have been reported in families susceptible to an inherited form of Parkinson's disease. We have shown that human wild-type alpha-syn, mutant alpha-syn(Ala30Pro) and mutant alpha-syn(Ala53Thr) proteins can self-aggregate and form amyloid-like filaments. Here we report that aggregates of NAC and alpha-syn proteins induced apoptotic cell death in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. These findings indicate that accumulation of alpha-syn and its degradation products may play a major role in the development of the pathogenesis of these neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M El-Agnaf
- Centre for Peptide and Protein Engineering, School of Biology and Biochemistry, Queen's University Belfast, UK.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND little is known about the longitudinal course of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and how this differs from Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHOD standardized baseline and annual assessments of cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms are reported in a cohort of 72 patients with DLB or AD. AD was diagnosed using the NINCDS ADRDA criteria and DLB was diagnosed with the criteria of McKeith et al. Cognitive assessment was undertaken using the MMSE schedule and operationalized definitions were used to diagnose non-cognitive symptoms. RESULTS 42 patients with DLB and 30 patients with AD were assessed. Of the 19 on whom post mortem examinations have been performed, 18 (95%) have had the clinical diagnosis confirmed. DLB patients were significantly more likely to experience visual hallucinations, disturbances of consciousness and parkinsonism at both baseline and at annual assessments. Of DLB patients exposed to neuroleptics, 33% developed sensitivity reactions. The magnitude and pattern of cognitive decline was similar in both groups. CONCLUSION the importance of the core features highlighted in the newly proposed consensus DLB criteria is supported. These features appear to be stable over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Ballard
- MRC Neurochemical Pathology Unit, Newcastle General Hospital, Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 6BE, UK
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Gong W, Justice JB, Neill D. Dissociation of locomotor and conditioned place preference responses following manipulation of GABA-A and AMPA receptors in ventral pallidum. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 1997; 21:839-52. [PMID: 9278955 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-5846(97)00084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
1. This study examined the roles of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission in ventral pallidum (VP) in conditioned place preference and locomotor activity. 2. Picrotoxin (0.1 microgram), a GABA antagonist, and (+/-)alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA; 0.14 microgram), a non-NMDA glutamatergic agonist, were injected bilaterally into VP through implanted cannulae. 3. Both drugs produced a robust increase in locomotion, but neither produced conditioned place preference. 4. These results suggest a dissociation of locomotor activity and reward at the level of ventral pallidum. In addition, it was argued that the GABAergic projection from nucleus accumbens to ventral pallidum may not be involved in the processing of reward initiated from dopaminergic activation in nucleus accumbens.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Gong
- Dept. of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Abstract
In parallel with nucleus accumbens (NAS), ventral pallidum (VP) also receives a dopaminergic projection from the ventral tegmental area (VTA). The present study examined the involvement of this mesopallidal dopaminergic system in the action of cocaine. In the first experiment, the effect of cocaine injections on VP dopamine was examined by microdialysis. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of cocaine 5-20 mg/kg dose-dependently increased the extracellular dopamine level in VP 2.5-4.5-fold. In addition, intra-VP perfusion of 20 microM cocaine induced a 12-fold increase of dopamine locally. The second experiment examined the role of VP dopamine in cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and locomotor activation. Rats received bilateral intra-VP injections of 3-4 microg 6-OHDA or ascorbic acid vehicle in 0.5 microl volume. Tissue assays indicated that the 6-OHDA-lesioned rats had significantly lowered dopamine concentration in VP, but not in NAS or striatum. As a group, 6-OHDA lesions blocked the development of CPP to 5 mg/kg cocaine but not to 10 mg/kg cocaine. However, rats with more than 60% depletion in VP dopamine did not develop CPP to cocaine at either dose. Preference for the cocaine-paired side correlated significantly with dopamine concentration in VP, but not in NAS or striatum. It was concluded that VP dopamine may play a critical role in the initial rewarding effect of cocaine. 6-OHDA lesions also blocked locomotor activation induced by 5 mg/kg cocaine but had no effect on 10 mg/kg cocaine-induced locomotion. Dopamine concentration in VP did not correlate with the locomotor activation response to cocaine at either dose. These findings further establish the involvement of the mesopallidal dopaminergic system in the action of cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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21
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Curran M, Middleton D, Edwardson J, Perry R, McKeith I, Morris C, Neill D. HLA-DR antigens associated with major genetic risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Neuroreport 1997; 8:1467-9. [PMID: 9172155 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-199704140-00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hla-dr antigen types were determined from DNA isolated from post-mortem brain tissue of age-matched groups of 78 patients with pathologically confirmed late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 50 controls. The results suggest that for individuals with no apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 alleles the presence of either DR1, 2 or 3 antigens is associated with a significantly increased risk for development of late-onset AD. Conversely the DR4 or 6 antigens are associated with a decreased risk of similar magnitude. This DR effect, rather than prolonged use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, could be responsible for the reported lower prevalence of AD in rheumatoid arthritis (a condition associated with an increased frequency of DR-4).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Curran
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, Belfast City Hospital, UK
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22
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Abstract
The environmental agent aluminium has been extensively investigated for a potential role in the aetiology of Alzheimer's disease. Despite many investigations there is at present no definite proof for any involvement. If aluminium is involved it is possible that its action is mediated through interaction with the synthesis or processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP). The present study compared aluminium loaded IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells and rat brains with control cells and brains to determine if aluminium affected APP expression and/or processing. In the IMR-32 model system aluminium had no effect on steady-state APP mRNA levels or on the ratio of individual isoforms. It also had no quantitative or qualitative effect on APP-immunoreactive bands detected in protein extracts from conditioned medium of these cells. In total cell extracts, aluminium reduced the intensity of APP-immunoreactive bands between 120-105 kDa but had no effect on a 9 kDa band. In rat brains, aluminium had no effect on APP-immunoreactive bands from soluble or insoluble-membranous extracts. The results, in general, provide no evidence for any effect of aluminium on APP expression or processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Neill
- MRC Neurochemical Pathology Unit, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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23
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Abstract
The ventral pallidum (VP) is often viewed as an output structure of the nucleus accumbens septi (NAS). However, VP, like NAS, receives a dopaminergic input from the ventral tegmental area. These experiments investigated some behavioral effects of microinjection into VP of drugs which enhance dopaminergic transmission. Injection of 25 micrograms dopamine or 5-10 micrograms amphetamine into VP produced hypermotility. In contrast, injection of 12.5-50 micrograms cocaine initially suppressed, then increased, activity. Injection of 100 micrograms cocaine only produced hypomotility in the 1-h period examined. The hypomotility following cocaine seemed to be a local anesthetic effect, because it was mimicked by 50-200 micrograms procaine. Procaine did not, however, produce subsequent hypermotility. Conditioned place preference (CPP) was produced by 10 micrograms amphetamine and 50 micrograms cocaine but not 100 micrograms procaine. We conclude that injection of cocaine into VP unlike similar injections into NAS, produces CPP. These results support the idea of an involvement of dopamine in VP in reward and locomotor activation, independent of dopamine in NAS. The use of intracerebral injections of cocaine is complicated, however, by an apparent local anesthetic effect of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Gong
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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24
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Abstract
A deposition of amyloid is considered by many to be the principal causative event in Alzheimer's disease, with abnormal neurites, neurofibrillary tangles, cell loss, and dementia all occurring secondarily to this. This present hypothesis differs by proposing a maladaptive synaptoplastic response, in conjunction with an involution of cortico-cortical projection neurons, as the principal causative events. The specificity of the maladaptive synaptoplastic response for a subpopulation of human nerve cells is related to the evolutionary advancement of the association cortex and the adaptation of functionally connected brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Neill
- MRC Neurochemical Pathology Unit, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne
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25
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Neill D, McNamara M, Butler G. Regulated nuclear entry of a yeast transcription factor. Biochem Soc Trans 1995; 23:346S. [PMID: 7672377 DOI: 10.1042/bst023346s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Neill
- Department of Biochemistry, University College Dublin, Ireland
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26
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Abstract
The present study investigated expression and processing of amyloid precursor protein by neuronally differentiated IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells. APP mRNA in these cells was found to consist of approximately 58% APP695, 38% APP751, and < 4% APP770. APP-immunoreactive bands detected in western blots of cellular protein extracts were only detected by anti-APP antibodies to peptides with strong homology to APLP2, suggesting that these bands represent APP-like proteins and not APP itself. This result suggests that previous studies claiming immunodetection of cellular forms of APP may have to be re-evaluated. Four main species of C-terminal truncated, secreted APP were detected in blots of protein extracts from medium conditioned by these cells. The immunoreactive profile of these bands suggested a cleavage site N-terminal to the Lys16-Leu17 bond of alpha-secretase. This, together with differences in number and molecular mass of APP-immunoreactive bands between secreted APP from IMR-32 cells and that from the commonly used PC-12 cells, suggests differences in APP processing between these two neuronally differentiated cell lines. In theory, IMR-32 cells being of human neuronal origin may be a more appropriate cell line to study APP-processing in relation to Alzheimer's disease than the rat phaeochromocytoma PC-12 cell line. Therefore, these detected differences warrant further investigation. Additionally IMR-32 cells under certain tissue culture conditions can form intracellular fibrillary material that reacts with anti-PHF specific antibodies. Neuronally differentiated IMR-32 cells could therefore be used as a model system to investigate possible interactions between APP-processing and PHF formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Neill
- School of Biology and Biochemistry, Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland
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27
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Davidson J, Stefani L, Candy J, Hughes D, Neill D, Edwardson J. Expression of chromosome 21 specific DNA sequences in brain tissue and in neuronal cell lines. Biochem Soc Trans 1991; 19:200S. [PMID: 1889579 DOI: 10.1042/bst019200s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Davidson
- School of Biology and Biochemistry, Queen's University of Belfast
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28
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Abstract
Our laboratory has proposed a new animal model of endogenous depression. The proposal is that in rats neonatal clomipramine (CLI) produces adult animals that model endogenous depression. Diminished sexual activity is a salient behavioral abnormality found in endogenous depression. This suggests that an animal model of endogenous depression should show diminished sexual activity. We report here a test of the prediction that after neonatal treatment with CLI, adult male rats show decreased sexual activity. We found that after neonatal CLI, adult male Long-Evans rats had a pervasive diminution of sexual activities including decreased mounts, intromissions, ejaculations, and increased mount latencies and postejaculatory pause. Sprague-Dawley and Wistar strains also tended to show decreased intromissions and ejaculations, but their baseline sexual activity was too low to give interpretable data. The results with the sexually active Long-Evans strain are consistent with the hypothesis that neonatal CLI produces adult rats that model human endogenous depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Neill
- Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30306
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29
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Abstract
We have replicated the findings of Mirmiran and colleagues that neonatal administration of the antidepressant clomipramine (CLI) to male rats results in hyperactivity in open-field tests in adulthood. We report that this effect does not reliably occur in a "Digiscan" activity device. The difference in effect between the two activity measuring devices may be due to more stress being present in the open-field test, and we propose that the CLI-treated rats may be more reactive to stress. This hypothesized enhanced reactivity to stress may be similar to the proposed vulnerability of depressed humans to stress. In addition, we have found that the open-field effect does not occur until the rats are at least 4 months old; this delayed effect may be analogous to the progressive onset of endogenous depression in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hartley
- Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30306
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30
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Abstract
Neonatal treatment of rats with clomipramine may produce adult animals which model endogenous depression. We report here that a major factor of depression in humans, the diminished capacity for pleasure, appears present in these rats. At age 7 months, bar-press responding for rewarding hypothalamic stimulation is reduced across a range of intensities. At age 4 or 5 months this effect is not seen, although other behavioral abnormalities are present at the younger age. The delayed onset of diminished intracranial self-stimulation may relate to the gradual insidious onset of endogenous depression in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vogel
- Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Altanta, GA 30306
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31
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Abstract
In 1982 our laboratory proposed a new animal model of endogenous depression. The proposal was that in rats, neonatally administered clomipramine (CLI) will produce adult animals that model endogenous depression. We summarize here several tests of the validity of the model. Results were that after neonatal CLI, adult male rats showed behavioral abnormalities of the human disorder: decreased sexual, aggressive, and intracranial self-stimulation activities, as well as motor hyperactivity in a stressful situation. Preliminary evidence suggested that behavioral abnormalities in rats (sexual, aggressive, and motor) briefly treated with antidepressant treatments (imipramine, REM sleep deprivation) begin to normalize. Lastly, after neonatal CLI, the adult rats showed REM sleep abnormalities of endogenous depression, viz, low REM latency, frequent sleep onset REM periods, and abnormal temporal course of REM rebound after REM sleep deprivation. These results supported the hypothesis that in rats neonatal CLI produced adult animals that modelled endogenous depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vogel
- Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30306
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32
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Abstract
Endogenous depression has reliable REM sleep abnormalities. These include a short REM latency, frequent sleep onset REM periods, and after REM sleep deprivation (RSD), an abnormal temporal course of REM rebound in the presence of a normal total REM rebound. The reliability of these abnormalities suggests that they ought to be present in an animal model of endogenous depression. In 1982, we proposed a new animal model of endogenous depression. Our hypothesis is that in rats neonatal clomipramine (CLI) will produce adult animals that model endogenous depression. In this study we tested the prediction that after neonatal treatment with CLI, adult rats will show the above three REM sleep abnormalities of human endogenous depression. We found that neonatal treatment with CLI produced rats that at age 6 months had shorter REM latency, more sleep onset REM periods than control rats, and after RSD, had an abnormal temporal course of REM rebound in the presence of a normal total REM rebound. The finding of these REM sleep abnormalities supported the validity of the animal model of endogenous depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vogel
- Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30306
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33
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Abstract
Clomipramine, administered to neonatal rats, has been reported to produce adult behavioral and REM sleep abnormalities. They include decreased sexual behavior, increased ambulation in the outer part of an open-field arena, increased REM sleep % of total sleep time, and in descriptive data, short REM latency, and increased REM phasic events. Since these abnormalities resemble some found in human endogenous depression, we have hypothesized that the adult rats represent an animal model of depression. Diminished aggressive behavior is a common characteristic of endogenous depression. This study tested the validity of the animal depression model by determining in rats the effect of neonatal clomipramine on adult shock-induced fighting. Experimental rats were treated neonatally with clomipramine and control rats were treated neonatally with saline. When they matured, compared with control rats, experimental rats had significantly fewer offensive fighting responses, and significantly more defensive fighting responses. The findings add some support to the validity of the animal depression model produced by neonatal clomipramine.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vogel
- Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30306
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34
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Abstract
Estimations of phenol and methyl alcohol in the urine of 16 infants with seborrhoeic eczema treated with Magenta (Castellani's) Paint B.P.C. were made to determine the degree of absorption. Phenol was detected in four cases and methyl alcohol in none.
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35
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Hibbitt KG, Neill D, Radford P. The effect of diet on the incidence of induced ketosis in the lactating dairy cow. Res Vet Sci 1969; 10:245-53. [PMID: 5388660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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