1
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Burger P, Dorresteijn J, Fiolet A, Koudstaal S, Eikelboom J, Nidorf S, Thompson P, Cornel J, Budgeon C, Steg P, Cramer M, Teraa M, Bhatt D, Visseren F, Mosterd A. Individual lifetime benefit from low-dose colchicine in chronic coronary artery disease patients. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Low-dose colchicine reduces the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with chronic coronary artery disease (CAD), but the absolute benefit may vary between patients. Individual benefit from preventive therapies can be estimated using the guideline-recommended SMART-REACH model.
Purpose
This study aimed to assess the range of individual absolute 10-year and lifetime benefit from low-dose colchicine according to patient risk profile.
Methods
The SMART-REACH model was combined with the relative treatment effect of low-dose colchicine, and applied to all participants from the LoDoCo2 trial (n=5,522), and patients with chronic CAD from the UCC-SMART cohort (n=5,308). Individual treatment benefit was expressed as (i) 10-year absolute risk reductions (ARRs) for myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or cardiovascular death (MACE), and (ii) life-years gained free of MACE. Predictions were also performed for MACE plus ischemia-driven coronary revascularization (MACE+), through development of a new competing risk-adjusted lifetime prediction model in data from the REACH registry (n=14,522). Low-dose colchicine was compared to alternative intensive prevention goals, i.e. low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) reduction to <1.4 mmol/L, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) reduction to <130 mmHg.
Results
Median individual 10-year ARR for MACE from low-dose colchicine therapy was 4.6% (interquartile range [IQR] 3.6–6.0%), and median gain in life expectancy free of MACE was 2.0 (IQR 1.6–2.5) years. Median 10-year ARR for MACE+ was 8.6% (IQR 7.6–9.8%), and median gain in MACE+-free life expectancy was 3.4 (IQR 2.6–4.2) years. For intensified LDL-c and SBP reduction respectively, median 10-year ARRs were 3.0% (IQR 1.5–5.1%) and 1.7% (IQR 0.0–5.7%) for MACE, and 5.2% (IQR 2.5–8.7%) and 2.9% (IQR 0.0–9.5%) for MACE+. Median life-years gained from LDL-c and SBP reduction were 1.2 (IQR 0.6–2.1) and 0.7 (IQR 0.0–2.3) years free of MACE, and 1.8 (IQR 0.8–3.3) and 0.9 (IQR 0.0–3.4) years free of MACE+.
Conclusion
The individual absolute benefit from low-dose colchicine varies between patients. In an era where lipid- and blood pressure-lowering therapies are already routinely used, the benefits of low-dose colchicine are expected to be of at least similar magnitude to those of intensified LDL-c and SBP reduction in patients with chronic CAD.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Burger
- University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - J Dorresteijn
- University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - A Fiolet
- University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - S Koudstaal
- Green Heart Hospital , Gouda , The Netherlands
| | | | - S Nidorf
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital , Perth , Australia
| | - P Thompson
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital , Perth , Australia
| | - J Cornel
- Radboud University Medical Centre , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - C Budgeon
- University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia
| | - P Steg
- University Paris Diderot , Paris , France
| | - M Cramer
- University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - M Teraa
- University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - D Bhatt
- Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , United States of America
| | - F Visseren
- University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - A Mosterd
- Meander Medical Center , Amersfoort , The Netherlands
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2
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Ahsan M, Taskesen T, Putz J, Ugwu J, Latif A, Park A, De Santis T, Sigurdsson G, Shivapour D, McAllister D, Chawla A, Bhatt D, Mamas M, Velagapudi P, Martin E. Sex-based differences of the impact of aortic valve calcium score on mortality and post-procedural outcomes after trans-catheter aortic valve replacement. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Sex based differences exist in the presentation, outcomes, and management of cardiovascular diseases. Although aortic valve calcium (AVC) score has been postulated to be associated with post-procedural outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), data on the impact of AVC score on procedural outcomes after TAVR based on sex have been scarce.
Objective
The aim of the present study was to elucidate sex related differences in the prognostic impact of AVC score as a predictor of post-procedural outcomes and mortality in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) who underwent TAVR.
Methods
We retrospectively abstracted the records of 497 patients with severe AS who underwent TAVR between January 2016 and July 2019 at our institution. All patients underwent a non-contrast cardiac CT scan on a Siemens Somatom Definition Flash 128 slice scanner. AVC score using the Agatston method was calculated retrospectively. Primary outcome was 1-year mortality. Patients were divided into two groups: 1) Non-severe AVC score group [women <1200 Agatston unit (AU) and men <2000 AU]; 2) Severe AVC Score group [women >1200 AU and men >2000 AU]. Cox-regression model was used to predict effect of variables on 1-year mortality in male and female patients.
Results
Among 466 patients included, 268 patients were male and 198 were female (57.5% vs 42.5%). When compared with males, female patients had significantly lower AVC score (p<0.001), aortic valve area (AVA) (p<0.001), obstructive CAD (p<0.001), and history of previous PCI (p<0.004), and CABG (<0.001) but had a significantly higher STS score (6.7±3.2 vs 5.8±3.3 P=0.01). There was no difference between need for permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation (11% vs 9.6%, p=0.4), major complications (16% vs 15%, p=0.9), stroke (0.8% vs 1.6%, p=0.7), 30-day (3.7% vs 4%, p=0.9), and 1-year mortality (14% vs 12%, p=0.6) between males and females, respectively. Female patients required smaller bio-prosthetic valves compared with males (26±3.2 vs 30±3, p<0.001). Cox regression analysis for female patients showed BMI, hemoglobin level, and AVA independently predicted 1-year mortality, while there was no impact of severe AVC score (>1200 AU) on 1-year mortality in females. Similarly, Cox regression analysis for male patients showed there was no impact of severe AVC score (>2000 AU) on 1-year mortality in males. When males in the severe AVC group were compared with female patients in the severe AVC group, there was no difference in 30 day (4.3% vs 3.3%, p=0.82) and 1-year mortality (14.2% vs 13.3%, p=0.77). Similarly, in the severe AVC group there was no difference between need for PPM implantation (12.8% vs 12.1%, p=0.9), major complications (19.7% vs 15.8%, p=0.4), and stroke (2.2% vs 1%, p=0.6) between males and females, respectively.
Conclusion
There were no sex differences in the impact of AVC score on mortality and post-procedural outcomes after TAVR.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ahsan
- Iowa Heart Center Inc , West Des Moines , United States of America
| | - T Taskesen
- Iowa Heart Center Inc , West Des Moines , United States of America
| | - J Putz
- Mercy Medical Center, Internal Medicine , Des Moines , United States of America
| | - J Ugwu
- Iowa Heart Center Inc , West Des Moines , United States of America
| | - A Latif
- Creighton University Medical Centre, Internal Medicine , Omaha , United States of America
| | - A Park
- Mercy Medical Center, Internal Medicine , Des Moines , United States of America
| | - T De Santis
- Mercy Medical Center, Internal Medicine , Des Moines , United States of America
| | - G Sigurdsson
- Iowa Heart Center Inc , West Des Moines , United States of America
| | - D Shivapour
- Iowa Heart Center Inc , West Des Moines , United States of America
| | - D McAllister
- Iowa Heart Center Inc , West Des Moines , United States of America
| | - A Chawla
- Iowa Heart Center Inc , West Des Moines , United States of America
| | - D Bhatt
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Heart and Vascular Center, Cardiovascular Diseases , Boston , United States of America
| | - M Mamas
- Keele University, Cardiovascular Diseases , Keele , United Kingdom
| | - P Velagapudi
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Cardiovascular Diseases , Omaha , United States of America
| | - E Martin
- Iowa Heart Center Inc , West Des Moines , United States of America
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3
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Dhaliwal A, Kaur A, Konje S, Bhatia K, Sohal S, Rawal H, Turagam M, Gwon Y, Mamas M, Dominguez A, Bhatt D, Velagapudi P. Comparing direct oral anticoagulants versus vitamin K antagonist in patients with atrial fibrillation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: an updated meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Oral anticoagulation therapy is indicated for patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with concomitant or new onset atrial fibrillation (AF). However the data on optimal anticoagulation regimen in this population remains unclear.
Purpose
To compare efficacy and safety outcomes of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) versus Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) in patients with AF post TAVR.
Methods
We searched electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane) from inception to February28th, 2022 using MeSH terms and keywords for DOACs, AF or TAVR. Primary outcome of interest was all-cause stroke or systemic embolic event. Secondary safety outcomes were major bleeding and all-cause mortality. Pooled risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. Interstudy heterogeneity was assessed using the Higgins I 2 value. All statistical analysis were performed using RevMan 5.4.1 software.
Results
We identified five eligible studies (1RCT, 4 observational) including 3694 patients (DOAC n=1581, VKA n=2113). The mean age was 81.4±0.9 years. The mean follow-up was 12.4±14.3 months. Type of DOACs included apixaban (n=394, 24.9%), rivaroxaban (n=354, 22.4%), dabigatran (n=119, 7.5%) and edoxaban (n=714, 45.2%).There was no significant difference in primary outcome of stroke or systemic embolic event (RR: 0.93; CI: 0.65–1.33; p>0.05; I2=5%), or in secondary outcomes of major bleeding (RR: 1.02; CI: 0.78–1.34; p>0.05; I2=44%) and all-cause mortality (RR: 0.87; CI: 0.59–1.27; p>0.05; I2=56%) between DOACs and VKA groups.
Conclusion
This meta-analysis shows anticoagulation therapy with DOACs has similar safety and efficacy outcomes compared to VKA in patients with AF undergoing TAVR.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dhaliwal
- New York Hand Surgery , New York , United States of America
| | - A Kaur
- Mount Sinai St Luke's and Mount Sinai West Hospital , New York , United States of America
| | - S Konje
- Mount Sinai St Luke's and Mount Sinai West Hospital , New York , United States of America
| | - K Bhatia
- Mount Sinai St Luke's and Mount Sinai West Hospital , New York , United States of America
| | - S Sohal
- Newark Beth Israel Medical Center , Newark , United States of America
| | - H Rawal
- Insight Hospital and Medical Center , Chicago , United States of America
| | - M Turagam
- Mount Sinai Hospital , New York , United States of America
| | - Y Gwon
- University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , United States of America
| | - M Mamas
- Keele University , Keele , United Kingdom
| | - A Dominguez
- Mount Sinai St Luke's and Mount Sinai West Hospital , New York , United States of America
| | - D Bhatt
- Brigham and Women'S Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , United States of America
| | - P Velagapudi
- University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , United States of America
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4
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Curry B, Brown R, Bhatt D, Arnold S, Lee J, Jennings L. Bentracimab demonstrates reversal of antiplatelet effects of ticagrelor: impact of hematocrit and generic versions of ticagrelor in vitro. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Recent clinical studies demonstrated bentracimab provides immediate and sustained reversal of ticagrelor's antiplatelet effects in patients undergoing surgical procedures or with bleeding. Ticagrelor reversal was assessed by VerifyNow PRUTest (VN) and other platelet function testing assays in Phase I-III studies. As decreases in hematocrit (hct) may impact the VN result, it remains to be demonstrated whether this assay can detect platelet function restoration by bentracimab in bleeding patients with low hct. Additionally, bentracimab utility against generic ticagrelors is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of decreased hct and generic forms of ticagrelor on platelet function and subsequent reversal by bentracimab, as measured by light transmission aggregometry (LTA) and VN. The hct level in blood samples collected from healthy volunteers (n=10) was sequentially lowered to 32, 30, 25, 22.5, 20 or 15% by addition of autologous platelet-rich plasma to whole blood with matching platelet counts. Prepared samples were treated with nothing, vehicle, or ticagrelor (3.0 μg/mL) followed by treatment with bentracimab (1.2 mg/mL). In a separate study, blood collected from healthy volunteers (n=10) was treated with nothing, vehicle, ticagrelor or generic ticagrelors (3.0 and 5.6 μg/mL; mean and peak plasma levels in the Phase 1 trial) prior to addition of bentracimab (0, 0.6, 1.2, 1.8 and 2.4 mg/mL; below the reported minimum to peak plasma level) to demonstrate a dose response. Reversal was assessed by either ADP-mediated LTA or VN or both assays. Results show a decrease in hct to <30% significantly increased the PRU in untreated samples (p<0.05). Ticagrelor treatment significantly decreased the PRU in all hct groups (p<0.0001). When normalized to each donor's baseline PRU values, bentracimab reversed the ticagrelor effects within 10-min, restoring the PRU value to 54–73% for all hct groups. PRU values were further restored to 85–93% of baseline PRU after 1-hr treatment. The PRU inhibition for both 10-min and 1-hr treatments were not significantly different across the hct groups, except for the 10-min treatment in the 15% hct group vs. unadjusted hct group (p<0.05), suggesting equivalent reversal by bentracimab across the hct range. In the second study, treatment with generic ticagrelor demonstrated significant platelet inhibition and was comparable to standard ticagrelor. Bentracimab (>0.6 mg/mL) immediately restored platelet function after ticagrelor treatment to 80–100% of baseline using the VN test. LTA data demonstrated similar results to VN, but as expected, reversal was less robust with 5.6 μg/mL ticagrelor + 0.6 mg/mL bentracimab combination (mean 55% of baseline values). Collectively, these data suggest the VN test can effectively measure the antiplatelet effects of ticagrelor and subsequent reversal, even at low hct, and bentracimab is also capable of reversing the antiplatelet effects of generic forms of ticagrelor.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): PhaseBio Pharmaceuticals, Inc
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Affiliation(s)
- B Curry
- MLM Medical Labs , Memphis , United States of America
| | - R Brown
- MLM Medical Labs , Memphis , United States of America
| | - D Bhatt
- Brigham and Women'S Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , United States of America
| | - S Arnold
- PhaseBio Pharmaceuticals, Inc , Malvern , United States of America
| | - J Lee
- PhaseBio Pharmaceuticals, Inc , Malvern , United States of America
| | - L Jennings
- MLM Medical Labs , Memphis , United States of America
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5
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Patel S, Morrow D, Bonaca M, Palazzolo M, Jarolim P, Steg PG, Bhatt D, Storey R, Cohen M, Braunwald E, Sabatine M, O'Donoghue M. Lipoprotein(a), cardiovascular events, and benefit of P2Y12 inhibition: insights from the PEGASUS-TIMI 54 trial. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Lp(a) plays a causal role in atherogenesis and may exert pro-thrombotic effects by inhibiting fibrinolysis owing to its structural homology with plasminogen. Patients with higher Lp(a) concentrations may derive greater benefit from anti-thrombotic therapy.
Purpose
We assessed whether patients with higher Lp(a) derive greater risk reduction from P2Y12 inhibition with ticagrelor vs. placebo on a background of aspirin therapy.
Methods
Lp(a) concentration was measured (Randox) in a prospective nested cohort of 8,967 pts enrolled in PEGASUS-TIMI 54, a randomized trial of ticagrelor vs. placebo in patients 1–3 years post MI (median follow-up: 2.7 y). Lp(a) was dichotomized at 200 nmol/L as an established threshold of risk. The prespecified MACE endpoint was CV death, MI or stroke, with KM rates reported at 3y. Cox proportional hazards were used to assess the relationship between Lp(a), MACE and treatment benefit. Models were adjusted for relevant baseline characteristics including apolipoprotein B.
Results
The median Lp(a) was 29 (25th-75th percentile: 12–137) nmol/L. A total of 1,053 pts (11.7%) had a high Lp(a) (≥200 nmol/L). In the pooled trial population, high Lp(a) concentration was associated with a 29% higher risk of MACE (9.1% vs 7.6%; adjusted hazard ratio [adj HR] 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.62; p=0.03), including a 37% higher risk of MI (6.9% vs. 5.3%; adj HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.05–1.79; p=0.02). The hazard ratios for MACE with ticagrelor vs. placebo were 0.73 (95% CI 0.48–1.11) for patients with higher Lp(a) and 0.88 (95% CI 0.74–1.05) for patients with lower Lp(a) (p-interaction=0.41; Figure 1). The absolute risk reductions were 2.4% and 1.2%, respectively.
Conclusion
Lp(a) above 200 nmol/L identifies patients with prior MI at increased risk of MACE who may derive greater absolute risk reduction from treatment with ticagrelor. These exploratory observations provide insights for therapeutics that are evaluating the clinical benefit of Lp(a) reduction.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): The PEGASUS-TIMI 54 trial was funded by AstraZeneca
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Affiliation(s)
- S Patel
- Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , United States of America
| | - D Morrow
- Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , United States of America
| | - M Bonaca
- University of Colorado , Denver , United States of America
| | - M Palazzolo
- Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , United States of America
| | - P Jarolim
- Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , United States of America
| | - P G Steg
- University Paris Diderot , Paris , France
| | - D Bhatt
- Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , United States of America
| | - R Storey
- University of Sheffield , Sheffield , United Kingdom
| | - M Cohen
- Newark Beth Israel Medical Center , Newark , United States of America
| | - E Braunwald
- Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , United States of America
| | - M Sabatine
- Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , United States of America
| | - M O'Donoghue
- Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , United States of America
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6
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Kaur A, Dhaliwal A, Khandait H, Konje S, Bhatia K, Sohal S, Turagam M, Gwon Y, Mamas M, Dominguez A, Bhatt D, Velagapudi P. To compare efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with concurrent atrial fibrillation and bioprosthetic heart valve repair or replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) is contraindicated in patients with mechanical valves. However data on their use in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and bioprosthetic valves (BV) is still limited.
Purpose
To assess the safety and efficacy of DOACs versus Vitamin K antagonist (VKA) in patients with AF after BV repair or replacement.
Methods
We performed a comprehensive review of electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane) using MeSH terms and keywords for DOACs, AF and BVs from inception through December 2021. Randomized clinical trials (RCT) or observational studies that reported clinical outcomes comparing DOACs versus VKA in patients with AF and BVs were eligible for inclusion. Ten articles were reviewed for full text. Primary outcome was a composite of all cause stroke or systemic embolic event.
Secondary outcomes included major bleeding and all-cause mortality. Subgroup analysis stratified by study design was performed. Pooled risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using Mantel-Haenszel method with DerSimonian-Laird estimator for tau2 for random effects model.
Interstudy heterogeneity was assessed using the Higgins I 2 value. All statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4.1 software.
Results
Ten studies (5 RCTs, 5 observational studies) with a total of 5,333 patients (DOACs n=2434; VKA n=2899) were included. Aortic, mitral and mixed BV repair or replacement were 74.2%, 25.6% and 0.02% respectively. The mean age was 72.6±11.9 years. The mean follow-up was 15.7±12.9 months. Type of DOACs included apixaban (n=553, 22.7%), rivaroxaban (n=893, 36.7%), dabigatran (n=151, 6.2%) and edoxaban (n=837, 34.4%). There was no significant difference in primary outcome of stroke or systemic embolic event (RR: 0.79; CI: 0.56–1.11; p>0.05; I2=12%) or secondary outcomes of major bleeding (RR: 0.84; CI: 0.64–1.11; p>0.05; I2=45%), and all-cause mortality (RR: 0.84; CI: 0.64–1.11; p>0.05; I2=29%) between DOACs compared with VKA.
Conclusion
In patients with AF and BV, DOACs are non-inferior to VKA for risk of stroke or systemic embolism, major bleeding, and all-cause mortality. Thus, DOACs can serve as a viable alternative to VKAs which have a narrow therapeutic index, multiple drug interactions, and require frequent monitoring.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kaur
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Morningside West , New York City , United States of America
| | - A Dhaliwal
- New York Hand Surgery , New York , United States of America
| | - H Khandait
- Trinitas Regional Medical Center, Elizabeth , New Jersey , United States of America
| | - S Konje
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Morningside West , New York City , United States of America
| | - K Bhatia
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Morningside West , New York City , United States of America
| | - S Sohal
- Newark Beth Israel Medical Center , Newark , United States of America
| | - M Turagam
- Mount Sinai Hospital , New York , United States of America
| | - Y Gwon
- University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , United States of America
| | - M Mamas
- Keele University , Keele , United Kingdom
| | - A Dominguez
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Morningside West , New York City , United States of America
| | - D Bhatt
- Brigham and Women'S Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , United States of America
| | - P Velagapudi
- University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , United States of America
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7
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Sherratt S, Libby P, Bhatt D, Dawoud H, Malinski T, Mason P. HIGH-INTENSITY STATINS COMBINED WITH EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID (EPA) IMPROVES ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION DURING EXPOSURE TO OXIDIZED LDL. Can J Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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8
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Krishnaraj A, Bakbak E, Teoh H, Bhatt D, Quan A, Puar P, Lambotharan B, Kirubaharan A, Firoz I, Yanagawa B, Bari B, Kirubaharan R, Vijayaraghavan R, Demchuk A, Mancini G, Tanguay J, Tardif J, Voisine P, Leiter L, Verma S. TREATMENT IMPLICATIONS OF THE REDUCE-IT RESULTS TO PEOPLE OF SOUTH ASIAN (SA) DESCENT LIVING IN CANADA WITH KNOWN ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE(THE REDUCE-IT CANADA SA STUDY). Can J Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.08.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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9
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Lakshmanan S, Kinninger A, Nelson J, Bhatt D, Schaefer E, Budoff M. 524 Association Of Plasma Lipid Metabolomics And Coronary Plaque Progression In The Evaporate Trial. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2022.06.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Olshansky B, Bhatt D, Miller M, Steg PG, Brinton EA, Jacobson TA, Ketchum SB, Doyle Jr RT, Juliano RA, Jiao L, Kowey P, Reiffel JA, Tardif JC, Ballantyne CM, Chung MK. Cardiovascular benefits outweigh risks in patients with atrial fibrillation in REDUCE-IT (Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl-Intervention Trial). Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background/Introduction
REDUCE-IT, a multinational, double-blind trial, randomized 8179 statin-treated patients with controlled low density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, and cardiovascular (CV) risk, to icosapent ethyl (IPE) 4 grams/day or placebo. IPE reduced the primary (CV death, myocardial infarction [MI], stroke, coronary revascularization, hospitalization for unstable angina) and key secondary (CV death, MI, stroke) endpoints 25% and 26%, respectively (each p<0.0001), and individual components including stroke (28%), MI (31%), cardiac arrest (48%), and sudden cardiac death (31%) (all p≤0.01). With IPE, bleeding was greater (11.8% vs 9.9%; p=0.006), serious bleeding trended higher (2.7% vs 2.1%; p=0.06), and atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/F) hospitalization endpoints increased (3.1% vs 2.1%; p=0.004).
Purpose
To evaluate the effects of IPE on the risk of CV events and safety measures in patients by either history of AF/F or in-study occurrence of positively adjudicated AF/F hospitalization.
Methods
Conduct post hoc efficacy and safety subgroup analyses of patients with or without either baseline history of AF/F or in-study adjudicated AF/F hospitalization, including hospitalization for ≥24 hours; AF/F not meeting endpoint criteria were reported as adverse events.
Results
Patients with (n=751; 9.2%) AF/F history at baseline (vs without; n=7428; 90.8%) (Figure 1), or those with (n=211; 2.6%) positively adjudicated in-study AF/F hospitalization endpoints (vs without; n=7968; 97.4%) (Figure 2), had higher event rates of primary, key secondary, and fatal or nonfatal stroke endpoints, but relative risk reductions with IPE were not significantly different (all interaction p-values [pint]=ns). Similar reductions were observed with IPE across the prespecified endpoint testing hierarchy in patients with or without AF/F history or in-study hospitalization endpoints. Patients with baseline AF/F history had similar relative risk for in-study occurrence of AF/F hospitalization with IPE versus placebo (pint=0.21) but had greater absolute risk (12.5% vs 6.3%, IPE vs placebo) vs patients without baseline AF/F history (2.2% vs 1.6%, IPE vs placebo); i.e., recurrent AF/F in those with a prior history of AF/F was more prevalent than de novo AF/F. Serious bleeding trended higher regardless of AF/F history or in-study AF/F hospitalization endpoints (all pint=ns); absolute risk of serious bleeding was greater in patients with AF/F history at baseline (7.3% vs 6.0%) vs those without a baseline history of AF/F (2.3% vs 1.7%), and serious bleeding also trended higher in patients with in-study AF/F hospitalization (8.7% vs 6.0%) vs without (2.5% vs 2.0%) [all IPE vs placebo].
Conclusion
REDUCE-IT patients with AF/F history or in-study AF/F hospitalization endpoints had greater CV risk, but similar relative risk reduction in primary, key secondary, and fatal or nonfatal stroke endpoints with IPE.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): Amarin Pharma, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Olshansky
- University of Iowa, Department of Medicine, Iowa City, United States of America
| | - D Bhatt
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Heart and Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - M Miller
- University of Maryland, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - P G Steg
- FACT, Hôpital Bichat; AP-HP, INSERM Unité 1148, Paris, France
| | - E A Brinton
- Utah Lipid Center, Salt Lake City, United States of America
| | - T A Jacobson
- Emory University School of Medicine, Lipid Clinic and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Program, Department of Medicine, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - S B Ketchum
- Amarin Pharma, Inc., Bridgewater, United States of America
| | - R T Doyle Jr
- Amarin Pharma, Inc., Bridgewater, United States of America
| | - R A Juliano
- Amarin Pharma, Inc., Bridgewater, United States of America
| | - L Jiao
- Amarin Pharma, Inc., Bridgewater, United States of America
| | - P Kowey
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, United States of America
| | - J A Reiffel
- Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, United States of America
| | - J.-C Tardif
- University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - C M Ballantyne
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
| | - M K Chung
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States of America
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11
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Oyama K, Raz I, Cahn A, Goodrich E, Bhatt D, Leiter L, McGuire D, Wilding J, Gause-Nilsson I, Mosenzon O, Sabatine M, Wiviott S. Influence of cardiovascular drugs on the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the DECLARE-TIMI 58 trial. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In DECLARE-TIMI 58, the sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) dapagliflozin reduced the risk of the composite of cardiovascular (CV) death or hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) in a broad range of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). SGLT2i are known to have diuretic and anti-hypertensive effects. However, whether concomitant CV drugs influence the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in these populations is less well known.
Purpose
We examined whether dapagliflozin consistently reduced the risk of CV outcomes and whether the safety of dapagliflozin was similar with or without the concurrent use of various CV drugs.
Methods
DECLARE–TIMI 58 was a randomized trial of dapagliflozin versus placebo in patients with T2DM and either atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or multiple risk factors for CV disease followed for a median of 4.2 years. We stratified patients by the use of CV drugs at baseline commonly used for heart failure: angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-receptor blockers (ACEi/ARB), beta-blockers, diuretics, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA). Efficacy outcomes of interest were the composite of CV death/HHF and HHF alone. We used the Cox proportional-hazard model for these analyses.
Results
Of 17,160 patients, 13,950 (81%) used ACEi/ARB, 9,030 (53%) used beta-blockers, 6,967 (41%) used diuretics, and 762 (4%) used MRA at baseline. All were balanced by randomized treatment groups. Patients using CV drugs at baseline had a greater prevalence of atherosclerotic risk factors and established CV disease than those without. Dapagliflozin consistently reduced the risk of CV death/HHF regardless of the use of CV medications (Figure). For HHF alone, similar results were seen with no significant interactions for any of the classes. There were no significant treatment interactions by the concomitant use of any of CV drugs for adverse events including symptoms of volume depletion or acute kidney injury.
Conclusions
In this analysis from the DECLARE–TIMI 58 trial, dapagliflozin consistently reduced the risk of CV death/HHF and HHF alone irrespective of the concurrent use of various CV drugs without any treatment interaction for key safety events.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): The DECLARE–TIMI 58 trial was supported by AstraZeneca.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Oyama
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston, United States of America
| | - I Raz
- Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Diabetes Unit, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - A Cahn
- Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Diabetes Unit, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - E Goodrich
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston, United States of America
| | - D Bhatt
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston, United States of America
| | - L Leiter
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - D McGuire
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Division of Cardiology, Dallas, United States of America
| | - J Wilding
- University of Liverpool, Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - O Mosenzon
- Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Diabetes Unit, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M Sabatine
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston, United States of America
| | - S Wiviott
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston, United States of America
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Sherratt S, Dawoud H, Bhatt D, Malinski T, Mason P. EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID REDUCES EXPRESSION OF PLATELET ACTIVATION AND AGGREGATION PROTEINS IN PULMONARY AND VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM DURING INFLAMMATION. Can J Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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13
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Bhatt D, Brinton E, Miller M, Steg P, Jacobson T, Ketchum S, Juliano R, Jiao L, Doyle R, Granowitz C, Busch R, Tardif J, Ballantyne C. SUBSTANTIAL CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REDUCTION WITH ICOSAPENT ETHYL REGARDLESS OF DIABETES STATUS OR BMI: REDUCE-IT BMI. Can J Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.07.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Sherratt S, Dawoud H, Bhatt D, Malinski T, Mason P. EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID INHIBITS LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS)-INDUCED MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION THROUGH A POTENTIAL CYCLOOXYGENASE PATHWAY. Can J Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Lakshmanan S, Shekar C, Kinninger A, Golub I, Dahal S, Birudaraju D, Cherukuri L, Hamal S, Roy S, Bhatt D, Budoff M, Nelson J. Association Of Atherogenic Index Of Plasma And Baseline Coronary Plaque Burden In EVAPORATE. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2021.06.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Alam S, Cannon C, de Lemos J, Ballantyne C, Rosenson R, Mues K, Gao Q, Bhatt D, Kosiborod M. Two-year Results of the Getting to an imprOved Understanding of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Dyslipidaemia Management (GOULD) Registry of Patients With AtheroSclerotic CardioVascular Disease (ASCVD). Heart Lung Circ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.06.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bhatt D, Miller M, Steg P, Brinton E, Jacobson T, Ketchum S, Doyle R, Juliano R, Jiao L, Granowitz C, Tardif JC, Ballantyne C. REDUCE-IT: outcomes by baseline statin type. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
REDUCE-IT (Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl-Intervention Trial) randomized 8,179 statin-treated patients with elevated triglycerides and increased cardiovascular (CV) risk to either icosapent ethyl (IPE), a pure, stable prescription form of eicosapentaenoic acid, 4g/day or placebo. IPE significantly reduced time to first occurrence of the primary composite endpoint of major adverse CV events (CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction [MI], nonfatal stroke, coronary revascularization, or hospitalization for unstable angina) (HR 0.75, CI 0.68–0.83) and key secondary endpoint events (composite of CV death, nonfatal MI, or nonfatal stroke) (HR 0.74, CI 0.65–0.83) versus placebo (all p<0.0001). A modest reduction in placebo-corrected LDL-C was observed (−6.6%; p<0.0001). The mechanisms for the CV benefit of icosapent ethyl are not fully understood.
Purpose
Explore the impact of statin type and lipophilic/lipophobic category on outcomes, and on LDL-C, to further consider the possible relevance of LDL-C pathways to the observed CV benefit of icosapent ethyl.
Methods
Primary and key secondary endpoint analyses and LDL-C changes from baseline were explored by individual statin type (atorvastatin, simvastatin, rosuvastatin, or pravastatin) at baseline, and then by categorizing these statins into lipophilic (i.e., hydrophobic: atorvastatin, simvastatin) and lipophobic (i.e., hydrophilic: rosuvastatin, pravastatin) statin groups; 96.1% of patients fell within these individual statin groups.
Results
CV outcomes were similar across statin types (interaction p=0.61) and lipophilic/lipophobic categories (interaction p=0.51) (Figure). Statin type and category had a similar lack of meaningful impact on the modest placebo-corrected median LDL-C changes from baseline to one year, which ranged from −5.8 to −8.4% (all p≤0.0003).
Conclusion
No meaningful treatment differences in the primary or key secondary endpoints across statin type or lipophilic/lipophobic category were observed. A similar lack of treatment difference was observed in LDL-C changes from baseline to one year. Therefore, the LDL-C changes and CV risk reduction in REDUCE-IT appear independent of the type of concomitant statin therapy. These data provide clinicians with additional insight regarding concomitant statin therapy considerations when prescribing icosapent ethyl and suggest there are important mechanisms of action for the substantial CV risk reduction observed with icosapent ethyl that are distinct from the LDL receptor pathway.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Other. Main funding source(s): The study was funded by Amarin Pharma, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bhatt
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - M Miller
- University of Maryland, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - P.G Steg
- University of Paris, INSERM Unité 1148; FACT Hopital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - E.A Brinton
- Utah Lipid Center, Salt Lake City, United States of America
| | - T.A Jacobson
- Emory University School of Medicine, Lipid Clinic and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Program, Department of Medicine, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - S.B Ketchum
- Amarin Pharma, Inc., Bridgewater, United States of America
| | - R.T Doyle
- Amarin Pharma, Inc., Bridgewater, United States of America
| | - R.A Juliano
- Amarin Pharma, Inc., Bridgewater, United States of America
| | - L Jiao
- Amarin Pharma, Inc., Bridgewater, United States of America
| | - C Granowitz
- Amarin Pharma, Inc., Bridgewater, United States of America
| | - J.-C Tardif
- University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - C.M Ballantyne
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
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Olshansky B, Bhatt D, Miller M, Steg P, Brinton E, Jacobson T, Ketchum S, Doyle R, Juliano R, Jiao L, Granowitz C, Tardif JC, Mehta C, Ballantyne C, Chung M. REDUCE-IT: accumulation of data across prespecified interim analyses to final results. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
REDUCE-IT (Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl-Intervention Trial), an event-driven trial, randomized 8,179 statin-treated patients with elevated triglycerides (TGs) and increased cardiovascular (CV) risk to icosapent ethyl (IPE); pure, stable prescription eicosapentaenoic acid, 4g/day or placebo. 1,612 primary endpoint events (CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction [MI], nonfatal stroke, coronary revascularization, or hospitalization for unstable angina) projected 90% power to detect 15% relative risk reduction (5% 2-sided alpha). The key secondary composite endpoint was CV death, nonfatal MI, or nonfatal stroke. An independent data and safety monitoring committee (DMC) performed prespecified interim analyses (IAs) at ∼60% (IA1 31 May 2016 data cutoff; 2.9 y median primary endpoint follow-up) and ∼80% (IA2 01 May 2017; 3.7 y) of events; final analysis included 1,606 events (06 Sep 2018; 4.9 y median study follow-up).
Purpose
Explore REDUCE-IT efficacy and safety across prespecified IAs for insight into progression of robustness and consistency of conclusions.
Methods
The interim statistical analysis plan guided study continuation decisions by a prespecified decision-making process, including assessment of safety, treatment arm performance, primary composite endpoint formal analyses, and informal robustness analyses, with no futility or efficacy stopping requirements. Prior to DMC IA study continuation decisions, the need for a mature dataset to support the robustness of final efficacy and safety findings was discussed. Sponsor, Steering Committee, and Clinical Endpoint Committee were blinded throughout.
Results
Primary and key secondary endpoints achieved statistical significance at IA1 and IA2 that persisted at final analyses (p-value below final adjusted 2-sided alpha of 0.0437); hazard ratios also remained consistent and similar robustness was observed across individual endpoint components; clarity of findings across endpoints and subgroups improved with more events. Stopping for overwhelming efficacy was discussed at each IA; prior to IA study continuation recommendations, the DMC considered historical examples of failed CV outcome studies for TG-lowering and mixed omega-3 therapies, reflected on the potential for overestimating final demonstrated benefit using incomplete data, and weighed societal impacts of fuller datasets relative to patient therapy access.
Conclusions
Consistent, potent efficacy emerged early and persisted across the two prespecified interim and final analyses. The mature dataset demonstrated highly statistically significant reductions in the primary (25%; p=0.00000001) and key secondary (26%; p=0.0000006) endpoints and allowed robust analyses to support overall efficacy and safety conclusions. Allowing the REDUCE-IT dataset to fully mature provided clinicians with robust, consistent, and reliable data upon which to base clinical decisions for IPE in CV risk reduction.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Other. Main funding source(s): The study was funded by Amarin Pharma, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Olshansky
- University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa city, United States of America
| | - D Bhatt
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - M Miller
- University of Maryland, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - P.G Steg
- University of Paris, INSERM Unité 1148; FACT Hopital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - E.A Brinton
- Utah Lipid Center, Salt Lake City, United States of America
| | - T.A Jacobson
- Emory University School of Medicine, Lipid Clinic and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Program, Department of Medicine, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - S.B Ketchum
- Amarin Pharma, Inc., Bridgewater, United States of America
| | - R.T Doyle
- Amarin Pharma, Inc., Bridgewater, United States of America
| | - R.A Juliano
- Amarin Pharma, Inc., Bridgewater, United States of America
| | - L Jiao
- Amarin Pharma, Inc., Bridgewater, United States of America
| | - C Granowitz
- Amarin Pharma, Inc., Bridgewater, United States of America
| | - J.-C Tardif
- University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - C Mehta
- Cytel Inc., Waltham, United States of America
| | - C.M Ballantyne
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
| | - M.K Chung
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States of America
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Bhatt D, Miller M, Steg P, Brinton E, Jacobson T, Ketchum S, Doyle R, Juliano R, Jiao L, Granowitz C, Gregson J, Pocock S, Tardif JC, Ballantyne C. REDUCE-IT: total ischemic events reduced across the full range of baseline LDL cholesterol and other key subgroups. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
REDUCE-IT (Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl-Intervention Trial), a study of 8,179 randomized statin-treated patients with elevated triglycerides (TG) and increased cardiovascular (CV) risk followed for a median of 4.9 years, demonstrated robust results. Icosapent ethyl (IPE), a pure and stable prescription form of eicosapentaenoic acid, 4g/day reduced both time-to-first and total primary endpoint ischemic events (CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction [MI], nonfatal stroke, coronary revascularization, or hospitalization for unstable angina) by 25% (HR 0.75; 95% CI 0.68–0.83; p<0.0001) and 30% (rate ratio 0.70; 95% CI 0.62–0.78; p<0.0001), respectively. Similar substantial reductions in first and total key secondary endpoint ischemic events (composite of CV death, nonfatal MI, or nonfatal stroke) were also observed. Demographic and baseline disease characteristics were generally balanced across treatment groups. Time-to-first event analyses showed robust and generally consistent benefit across subgroups. Previous total event analyses by baseline TG demonstrated large, consistent, statistically significant reductions across tertiles, suggesting the CV benefit of IPE is tied primarily to non-TG factors.
Purpose
Further explore the extent to which IPE reduced total primary and key secondary events across prespecified baseline demographic, disease, treatment, and lipid/lipoprotein/inflammatory biomarker subgroups.
Methods
Total events across subgroups were assessed with the prespecified negative binomial regression method. Main outcomes were total (first and subsequent) primary and key secondary composite endpoint events.
Results
Median baseline LDL-C levels in ascending tertiles were 58, 76, and 96 mg/dL; there were large, significant relative reductions in total primary endpoint events with IPE across tertiles (35%, 28%, and 27%, respectively; interaction p=0.62), with parallel substantial absolute risk reductions. Similar, significant relative reductions of 33%, 28%, and 24% in total key secondary endpoint events were observed, along with substantial absolute risk reductions. Total events analyses of prespecified subgroups also demonstrated robust and generally consistent findings for the primary and key secondary composite endpoints.
Conclusion
REDUCE-IT demonstrated substantial reductions in first and total primary and key secondary endpoint ischemic events, with robust and generally consistent results across baseline TG and LDL-C levels, as well as other prespecified baseline biomarker, demographic, disease, and treatment subgroups. These analyses provide useful insights for clinicians considering the range of patients who may benefit from IPE therapy and suggest that mechanisms beyond the lipid/lipoprotein/inflammatory pathways tested, including mechanisms beyond the LDL receptor pathways, may contribute to the observed substantial reductions in total ischemic burden with IPE therapy.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Other. Main funding source(s): The study was funded by Amarin Pharma, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bhatt
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - M Miller
- University of Maryland, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - P.G Steg
- University of Paris, INSERM Unité 1148; FACT Hopital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - E.A Brinton
- Utah Lipid Center, Utah, United States of America
| | - T.A Jacobson
- Emory University School of Medicine, Lipid Clinic and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Program, Department of Medicine, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - S.B Ketchum
- Amarin Pharma, Inc., Bridgewater, United States of America
| | - R.T Doyle
- Amarin Pharma, Inc., Bridgewater, United States of America
| | - R.A Juliano
- Amarin Pharma, Inc., Bridgewater, United States of America
| | - L Jiao
- Amarin Pharma, Inc., Bridgewater, United States of America
| | - C Granowitz
- Amarin Pharma, Inc., Bridgewater, United States of America
| | - J Gregson
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medical Statistics, London, United Kingdom
| | - S.J Pocock
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medical Statistics, London, United Kingdom
| | - J.-C Tardif
- University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - C.M Ballantyne
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
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Sherratt S, Bhatt D, Mason P. INHIBITION OF HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (HDL) OXIDATION BY EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID (EPA) IS ENHANCED IN COMBINATION WITH A STATIN IN VITRO. Can J Cardiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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21
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Bhatt D, Steg P, Miller M, Brinton E, Jacobson T, Ketchum S, Juliano R, Jiao L, Doyle R, Granowitz C, Tardif J, Verma S, Ballantyne C. SIGNIFICANT CARDIOVASCULAR BENEFITS OF ICOSAPENT ETHYL FROM REDUCE-IT. Can J Cardiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.07.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Lakshmanan S, Holda M, Shekar C, Dahal S, Onuegbu A, Kinninger A, Cai A, Golub I, Cherukuri L, Birudaraju D, Hamal S, Hadeed S, Roy S, Nelson J, Bhatt D, Budoff M. Association Of Thoracic And Pericardial Fat Volumes With Burden Of Baseline Coronary Plaque Components: Evaporate Trial. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2020.06.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Bhatt D, Stan RC, Pinhata R, Machado M, Maity S, Cunningham‐Rundles C, Vogel C, de Camargo MM. Chemical chaperones reverse early suppression of regulatory circuits during unfolded protein response in B cells from common variable immunodeficiency patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 200:73-86. [PMID: 31859362 PMCID: PMC7066380 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells orchestrate pro-survival and pro-apoptotic inputs during unfolded protein response (UPR) to translate, fold, sort, secrete and recycle immunoglobulins. In common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients, activated B cells are predisposed to an overload of abnormally processed, misfolded immunoglobulins. Using highly accurate transcript measurements, we show that expression of UPR genes and immunoglobulin chains differs qualitatively and quantitatively during the first 4 h of chemically induced UPR in B cells from CVID patients and a healthy subject. We tested thapsigargin or tunicamycin as stressors and 4-phenylbutyrate, dimethyl sulfoxide and tauroursodeoxycholic acid as chemical chaperones. We found an early and robust decrease of the UPR upon endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in CVID patient cells compared to the healthy control consistent with the disease phenotype. The chemical chaperones increased the UPR in the CVID patient cells in response to the stressors, suggesting that misfolded immunoglobulins were stabilized. We suggest that the AMP-dependent transcription factor alpha branch of the UPR is disturbed in CVID patients, underlying the observed expression behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Bhatt
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - R. C. Stan
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
- Department of Proteomics and Structural BiologyCantacuzino Military Medical Research Development National InstituteBucharestRomania
| | - R. Pinhata
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - M. Machado
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - S. Maity
- Center for Genomics and Systems BiologyNew York UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - C. Cunningham‐Rundles
- Department of Medicine, Allergy & ImmunologyMount Sinai Medicine SchoolNew YorkNYUSA
| | - C. Vogel
- Center for Genomics and Systems BiologyNew York UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
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Verma S, Qiuhe J, Bhatt D, Mazer C, Al-Omran M, Inzucchi S, Wanner C, Ofstad A, Zwiener I, George J, Zinman B, Fitchett D. URIC ACID LEVELS PREDICT CARDIORENAL OUTCOMES AND CARDIOVASCULAR DEATH IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES: A SUB-ANALYSIS OF EMPA-REG OUTCOME. Can J Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.07.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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25
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Berg D, Wiviott S, Scirica B, Gurmu Y, Mosenzon O, Murphy S, Bhatt D, Leiter L, McGuire D, Wilding J, Johansson P, Langkilde A, Raz I, Braunwald E, Sabatine M. 410Heart failure risk stratification and efficacy of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at increased risk of developing heart failure (HF). Treatment with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduces the risk of hospitalization for HF (HHF) in patients with T2DM.
Purpose
To develop and validate a practical, multivariable clinical risk score for HHF in patients with T2DM and assess whether this score can identify high-risk patients with T2DM who have the greatest reduction in risk for HHF with an SGLT2 inhibitor.
Methods
We developed a clinical risk score for centrally-adjudicated HHF using independent clinical risk indicators of HHF in 8212 patients with T2DM in the placebo arm of SAVOR-TIMI 53. Candidate variables were assessed using multivariable Cox regression and independent clinical risk indicators achieving statistical significance of p<0.001 were included in the risk score and given weights proportional to the regression coefficients. We externally validated the score in 8578 patients with T2DM in the placebo arm of DECLARE-TIMI 58. Discrimination was assessed using Harrell's c-index. The relative and absolute risk reductions in HHF with the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin were assessed by baseline HHF risk.
Results
The 5 independent clinical risk indicators were prior heart failure, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) (Figure, left). A simple integer-based scheme using these predictors identified a strong >16-fold gradient of HHF risk (p-trend <0.001) in both the derivation and validation cohorts, with c-indices of 0.81 and 0.78, respectively. Whereas relative risk reductions were similar across the risk score (25–34%), absolute risk reductions were greater in those at higher baseline risk (interaction p-value for absolute risk reduction <0.01), with high-risk (2 points) and very high-risk patients (≥3 points) having 1.5% and 2.7% absolute risk reductions in HHF at 4 years with dapagliflozin, translating into NNTs of only 65 and 36, respectively (Figure, right).
Conclusion(s)
Risk stratification using a novel clinical risk score for HHF in patients with T2DM identifies patients at higher risk for HHF who derive greater benefit from treatment with the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin.
Acknowledgement/Funding
SAVOR-TIMI 53 and DECLARE-TIMI 58 were sponsored by AstraZeneca.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Berg
- Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - S Wiviott
- Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - B Scirica
- Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Y Gurmu
- Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - O Mosenzon
- Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S Murphy
- Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - D Bhatt
- Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - L Leiter
- St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - D McGuire
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, United States of America
| | - J Wilding
- Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - I Raz
- Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - E Braunwald
- Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - M Sabatine
- Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, United States of America
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Al-Omran M, Salata K, Hussain M, de Mestral C, Greco E, Tu J, Mamdani M, Forbes T, Bhatt D, Verma S. PO297 Time-series Analysis of Elective and Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair Trends From 2003 to 2016. Glob Heart 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2018.09.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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27
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Verma S, Leiter L, Mazer C, Bain S, Buse J, Marso S, Nauck M, Zinman B, Bosch-Traberg H, Frimer-Larsen H, Michelsen M, Bhatt D. LIRAGLUTIDE REDUCES CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS AND MORTALITY IN TYPE 2 DIABETES INDEPENDENT OF LDL CHOLESTEROL AND STATIN USE: RESULTS OF THE LEADER TRIAL. Can J Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.07.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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28
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Verma S, Mazer C, Bhatt D, Raj S, Yan A, Verma A, Ferrannini E, Simons G, Lee J, Zinman B, George J, Fitchett D. EMPAGLIFLOZIN REDUCES MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES AND A HISTORY OF LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY: A SUB-ANALYSIS OF THE EMPA-REG OUTCOME TRIAL. Can J Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.07.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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29
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White H, Steg P, Szarek M, Bhatt D, Bittner V, Diaz R, Edelberg J, Goodman S, Hantoin C, Harrington R, Jukema J, Lecorps G, Moryusef A, Pordy R, Roe M, Zeiher A, Schwartz G. Cardiovascular Outcomes With Alirocumab After Acute Coronary Syndrome: Results of the Odyssey Outcomes Trial. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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30
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Yanagawa B, Mazine A, Tam D, Juni P, Bhatt D, Spindel S, Puskas J, Verma S, Friedrich J. HOMOGRAFT VERSUS CONVENTIONAL PROSTHESIS FOR SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF AORTIC VALVE INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Can J Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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31
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Prabakar C, Tang N, Nematian S, Hosseini NS, Bhatt D, Homel P, Bral P. The Utility of the Transverse Abdominus Plane (TAP) Block in Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery: A Randomized Double Blinded Clinical Trial. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2016; 22:S76. [PMID: 27679333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2015.08.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Prabakar
- Ob/Gyn, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - N Tang
- Ob/Gyn, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - S Nematian
- Ob/Gyn, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | | | - D Bhatt
- Ob/Gyn, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - P Homel
- Ob/Gyn, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - P Bral
- Ob/Gyn, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
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Irani M, Seifer D, Grazi R, Bhatt D, Julka N, Kalgi B, Irani S, Tal O, Tal R. Vitamin D supplementation decreases TGF beta-1 bioavailability correlating with clinical improvement in Vitamin D deficient women with PCOS: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Fertil Steril 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.07.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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33
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Uldall M, Bhatt D, Kruuse C, Juhler M, Jansen-Olesen I, Jensen R. EHMTI-0077. Obesity-related intracranial hypertension in the rat – a possible idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) model? J Headache Pain 2014. [PMCID: PMC4181892 DOI: 10.1186/1129-2377-15-s1-f29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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34
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Prabakar C, Irani M, Julka N, Bhatt D, Homel P, Saraf S, Bral P. What Your Patient Does Not Know: A Survey of Patient Knowledge about Surgical Approaches in Gynecology. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2014.08.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Bhatt D, Chauhan N, Sharma A, Dhawan D, Bhatt RV, Phatak S, Padh H. Investigating the Role of Plasma Glucose Concentration as a Phenotypic Marker for CYP2C9 Genetic Variants, in the Diabetic Population of Gujarat. Indian J Pharm Sci 2014; 76:72-7. [PMID: 24799741 PMCID: PMC4007258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the role of plasma glucose concentration as a phenotypic marker and to study the frequency distribution of CYP2C9 genetic variants in Gujarat state diabetic population. One hundred and nine unrelated diabetes mellitus patients treated with sulfonylureas were genotyped for CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 alleles. Their pre- and posttreatment postprandial blood glucose levels were recorded and mean glucose drop per milligram of drug values were calculated and further used as an index for phenotypic correlation. The frequencies of CYP2C9*1, CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 alleles in the Gujarat state diabetic population were 0.84, 0.07 and 0.09, respectively. The distribution of CYP2C9*1/*1, CYP2C9*1/*2, CYP2C9*1/*3, CYP2C9*2/*2, CYP2C9*2/*3 and CYP2C9*3/*3 genotypes were 0.73, 0.08, 0.13, 0.0, 0.06 and 0.0, respectively. Patients with CYP2C9*1/*2 genotype did not show any significant difference in the mean glucose drop per milligram of drug values when compared with wild-type patients in glipizide-treatment group. Patients with CYP2C9*1/*3 genotype showed greater mean glucose drop per milligram of drug values than patients with CYP2C9*1/*1 wild-type genotype for both glipizide and glimepiride while patients with CYP2C9*2/*3 genotype showed greater drop than patients with CYP2C9*1/*1 genotype only in the glipizide-treatment group. The presence of CYP2C9*3 allele significantly affected plasma glucose drop per milligram of drug values in patients taking glipizide and glimepiride, while effects of CYP2C9*2 allele were insignificant. Further studies are needed to confirm the effects of CYP2C9*2 allele on plasma glucose drop per milligram of drug values. However, plasma glucose concentration is a complex physiological marker that cannot be used to establish perfect genotype-phenotype correlation. Hence studies exploring robust phenotypic markers must be initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad-380 009, India
| | - N. Chauhan
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Biology, B. V. Patel PERD Centre, Thaltej, Ahmedabad-380 054, India,Address for correspondence: E-mail:
| | - A. Sharma
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Biology, B. V. Patel PERD Centre, Thaltej, Ahmedabad-380 054, India
| | - D. Dhawan
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Biology, B. V. Patel PERD Centre, Thaltej, Ahmedabad-380 054, India
| | - R. V. Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad-380 009, India
| | - S. Phatak
- Vijayratna Diabetes Clinic, Paldi, Ahmedabad-380 007, India
| | - H. Padh
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Biology, B. V. Patel PERD Centre, Thaltej, Ahmedabad-380 054, India
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36
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Chiquete E, Ruiz-Sandoval J, Rodriguez-Balaguer R, Magana-Zamora L, Saniger-Alba M, Gonzalez-Duarte A, Garcia-Ramos G, Ramos A, Steg PG, Bhatt D, Cantu-Brito C. Four-Year Changing Patterns in Prescription of Anti-Atherothrombotic Drugs in the Latin American Cohort of the Worldwide Reduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) Registry (P01.039). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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37
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Cashman DJ, Mamonov AB, Bhatt D, Zuckerman DM. Thermal motions of the E. coli glucose-galactose binding protein studied using well-sampled, semi-atomistic simulations. Curr Top Med Chem 2011; 11:211-20. [PMID: 20939787 DOI: 10.2174/156802611794863607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The E. coli glucose-galactose chemosensory receptor is a 309 residue, 32 kDa protein consisting of two distinct structural domains. We used two computational methods to examine the protein's thermal fluctuations, including both the large-scale interdomain movements that contribute to the receptor's mechanism of action, as well as smaller-scale motions. We primarily employ extremely fast, "semi-atomistic" Library-Based Monte Carlo (LBMC) simulations, which include all backbone atoms but "implicit" side chains. Our results were compared with previous experiments and all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Both LBMC and MD simulations were performed using both the apo and glucose-bound form of the protein, with LBMC exhibiting significantly larger fluctuations. The LBMC simulations are in general agreement with the disulfide trapping experiments of Careaga & Falke (J. Mol. Biol., 1992, Vol. 226, 1219-35), which indicate that distant residues in the crystal structure (i.e. beta carbons separated by 10 to 20 angstroms) form spontaneous transient contacts in solution. Our simulations illustrate several possible "mechanisms" (configurational pathways) for these fluctuations. We also observe several discrepancies between our calculations and experimental rate constants. Nevertheless, we believe that our semi-atomistic approach could be used to study fluctuations in other proteins, perhaps for ensemble docking or other analyses of protein flexibility in virtual screening studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Cashman
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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38
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Ademi Z, Liew D, Hollingsworth B, Steg P, Bhatt D, Reid C. Cost Effectiveness of Aspirin Among Participants with Atherothrombotic Disease in Australian General Practice, Using “Real World” Data from the Australian REACH Registry. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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39
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Lee JY, Bhatt D, Bhatt D, Chung WY, Cooper RL. Furthering pharmacological and physiological assessment of the glutamatergic receptors at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 150:546-57. [PMID: 19695344 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Revised: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster larval neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) serve as a model for synaptic physiology. The molecular sequences of the postsynaptic glutamate receptors have been described; however, the pharmacological profile has not been fully elucidated. The postsynaptic molecular sequence suggests a novel glutamate receptor subtype. Kainate does not depolarize the muscle, but dampens evoked EPSP amplitudes. Quantal responses show a decreased amplitude and area under the voltage curve indicative of reduced postsynaptic receptor sensitivity to glutamate transmission. ATPA, a kainate receptor agonist, did not mimic kainate's action. The metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist t-ACPD had no effect. Domoic acid, a kainate/AMPA receptor agonist, blocks the postsynaptic receptors without depolarizing the muscle. However, SYM 2081, a kainate receptor agonist, did depolarize the muscle and reduce the EPSP amplitude at 1 mM but not at 0.1 mM. This supports the notion that these are generally a quisqualate subtype receptors with some oddities in the pharmacological profile. The results suggest a direct postsynaptic action of kainate due to partial antagonist action on the quisqualate receptors. There does not appear to be presynaptic auto-regulation via a kainate receptor subtype or a metabotropic auto-receptor. This study aids in furthering the pharmokinetic profiling and specificity of the receptor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-Y Lee
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA 40506-0225, USA
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40
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Cooper RJ, Bhatt D, Everdell NL, Hebden JC. A tissue-like optically turbid and electrically conducting phantom for simultaneous EEG and near-infrared imaging. Phys Med Biol 2009; 54:N403-8. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/54/18/n01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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41
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Parhofer K, Röther J, Binz C, Schwertfeger M, Limbourg T, Bhatt D, Steg G, Krempf M, Zeymer U. Abstract: 1067 COMPARISON OF 2-YEAR EVENT RATES BETWEEN WESTERN AND EASTERN EUROPEAN DIABETICS WITH ESTABLISHED ATHEROTHROMBOSIS (RESULTS FROM THE REACH-REGISTRY). ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(09)70408-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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42
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Peacock W, Bhatt D, Diercks D, Amsterdam E, Chandra A, Ohman E, Brown D, Januzzi J. 93. Ann Emerg Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.07.544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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43
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Abstract
Acoustic signals play an important role in the lives of birds. Almost all avian species produce vocal signals in a variety of contexts either in the form of calls or songs or both. In the present study different types of vocal signals of the tropical avian species Pycnonotus cafer were characterized on the basis of their physical characteristics and context of production. This species used six types of vocal signals: contact signals, roosting signals, alarm signals, twittering signals, distress signals and begging signals. Two types of alarm signals are produced based on predation pressure. These signals are dissimilar in all physical characteristics except for dominant frequency. Although alarm signal type I and roosting signals are phonetically similar, they have completely different sonogram characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar 249 404, India.
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Abstract
Two chimeric enzymes were constructed by exchanging domains between porcine pepsinogen and rhizopuspepsinogen in order to examine the contributions of the subsites present on different domains toward enzymatic specificity. Both chimeras exhibited the characteristic features of aspartic proteinases, such as auto-activation at low pH and abrogation of enzymatic activity by pepstatin. The activity of the chimera containing the N-terminal domain of rhizopuspepsinogen and the C-terminal domain of porcine pepsinogen (rhzNppC) could be observed by HPLC after prolonged incubation with the substrates. In contrast, the reciprocal chimera, ppNrhzC, containing the N-terminal domain of porcine pepsinogen and the C-terminal domain of rhizopuspepsinogen exhibited catalytic activity, measurable by a spectrophotometric assay. Kinetic data and inhibitor analyses strongly suggest that interdependency may exist between adjacent subsites contributed by different domains. Therefore, in order to develop an optimal substrate or inhibitor, the effect of adjacent residues of the ligand has to be examined along with the preferences for each subsite.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bhatt
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0245
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45
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Kervinen J, Lubkowski J, Zdanov A, Bhatt D, Dunn BM, Hui KY, Powell DJ, Kay J, Wlodawer A, Gustchina A. Toward a universal inhibitor of retroviral proteases: comparative analysis of the interactions of LP-130 complexed with proteases from HIV-1, FIV, and EIAV. Protein Sci 1998; 7:2314-23. [PMID: 9827997 PMCID: PMC2143868 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5560071108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
One of the major problems encountered in antiviral therapy against AIDS is the emergence of viral variants that exhibit drug resistance. The sequences of proteases (PRs) from related retroviruses sometimes include, at structurally equivalent positions, amino acids identical to those found in drug-resistant forms of HIV-1 PR. The statine-based inhibitor LP-130 was found to be a universal, nanomolar-range inhibitor against all tested retroviral PRs. We solved the crystal structures of LP-130 in complex with retroviral PRs from HIV-1, feline immunodeficiency virus, and equine infectious anemia virus and compared the structures to determine the differences in the interactions between the inhibitor and the active-site residues of the enzymes. This comparison shows an extraordinary similarity in the binding modes of the inhibitor molecules. The only exceptions are the different conformations of naphthylalanine side chains at the P3/P3' positions, which might be responsible for the variation in the Ki values. These findings indicate that successful inhibition of different retroviral PRs by LP-130 is achieved because this compound can be accommodated without serious conformational differences, despite the variations in the type of residues forming the active-site region. Although strong, specific interactions between the ligand and the enzyme might improve the potency of the inhibitor, the absence of such interactions seems to favor the universality of the compound. Hence, the ability of potential anti-AIDS drugs to inhibit multiple retroviral PRs might indicate their likelihood of not eliciting drug resistance. These studies may also contribute to the development of a small-animal model for preclinical testing of antiviral compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kervinen
- Macromolecular Structure Laboratory, ABL-Basic Research Program, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Maryland 21702, USA
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47
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Bhatt D, Dunn B. Construction of chimeric enzymes to probe subsite contributions to catalytic specificity. Adv Exp Med Biol 1998; 436:191-4. [PMID: 9561218 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-5373-1_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Bhatt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA
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48
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Wlodawer A, Gustchina A, Reshetnikova L, Lubkowski J, Zdanov A, Hui KY, Angleton EL, Farmerie WG, Goodenow MM, Bhatt D. Structure of an inhibitor complex of the proteinase from feline immunodeficiency virus. Nat Struct Biol 1995; 2:480-8. [PMID: 7664111 DOI: 10.1038/nsb0695-480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structure of a recombinant form of the proteinase encoded by the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV PR) has been solved at 2 A resolution and refined to an R-factor of 0.148. The refined structure includes a peptidomimetic, statine-based inhibitor, LP-149, which is an even more potent inhibitor of HIV PR. Kinetic parameters were obtained for the cleavage of five substrates by FIV PR, and inhibition constants were measured for four inhibitors. The structure of FIV PR resembles other related retroviral enzymes although few inhibitors of HIV PR are capable of inhibiting FIV PR. The structure of FIV PR will enhance our knowledge of this class of enzymes, and will direct testing of new proteinase inhibitors in a feline animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wlodawer
- Macromolecular Structure Laboratory, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Maryland 21702, USA
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Bhatt D, Parrott WA, Collins GB, Hildebrand DF. Agrobacterium induced gall formation in lipoxygenase mutant isolines of soybeans. Plant Cell Rep 1991; 9:651-654. [PMID: 24213670 DOI: 10.1007/bf00231809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/1990] [Revised: 12/13/1990] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation frequency is very low with cells from some species such as soybeans. Studies were conducted to investigate the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation frequency in near-isogenic lipoxygenase mutant lines of soybeans, since the nigh level of lipoxygenase activity in soybean embryos might be expected to affect interactions with Agrobacterium. The mutant line lacking lipoxygenase 3 showed significantly greater frequency of Agrobacterium-induced transformation than the other soybean lines. Stages of soybean embryo development which showed maximum differences in lipoxygenase 3 activity between mutant and wild-type, also showed maximum differences in transformation frequency. The increased transformation frequency with the absence of lipoxygenase 3 was only seen when both lipoxygenase 1 and 2 were present.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bhatt
- Unicorn Biotek Ltd., 1-10-44/1/1, Chikoti Gardens, Begumpet, 500016, Hyderabad, India
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Abstract
Heating due to current flow may not always be the primary cause of tissue damage in electrical injury. We have demonstrated that electric field strengths relevant to the clinical electrical injury problem are capable of permanently disrupting isolated skeletal muscle cells and altering the electrical properties of intact skeletal muscle in the absence of Joule heating effects. The field strengths used in these experiments are theoretically representative of fields at sites distant from the surface entry and exit points in many cases of electrical injury. These results provide further evidence that cell membrane disruption by large induced transmembrane potentials may explain the changes in the electrical properties of muscle observed in experimental electrical trauma (M. Chilbert, et al., J. Trauma 25: 209, 1985) and thus may contribute significantly to the extensive tissue destruction associated with electrical trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Lee
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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